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四种疑问句汇总

四种疑问句汇总
四种疑问句汇总

疑问句(questions)指提出问题,请对方回答的句子。疑问句句末要用问号。按结构可分为四种:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。

(一)一般疑问句

1、一般疑问句概述

一般疑问句(general questions),也可称为“yes/no” questions(是否型问句),因为它一般是由yes或no回答的,如:

—Can you swim to the other side?

你能游到对岸吗?

—Yes, I can.是的,我能。

—No,I can?t.不,我不能。

—Have you locked the door?

你锁门了吗?

—Yes,I have.是的,锁了。

—No,I haven?t. 不,没有锁。

2一般疑问句的结构

(1)基本的结构为:be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+(其他),句子要读升调,如:

Are they your friends?

他们是你的朋友吗?

Does he go to school on foot?

他是步行去上学吗?

Will you be free tonight?你今晚有空吗?Can you play basketball?你会打篮球吗?(2)陈述句亦可用作一般疑问句,多用在非正式文体中,句末有问号,用升调,如:Somebody is with you?

有人和你一起吗?

He didn?t finish the work?

他没有做完活吗?

You are fresh from America,I suppose?

我猜,你刚从美国回来吧?

3、一般疑问句的答语

(1)一般疑问句一般由yes或no来回答,如:

—Are you tired?你累了吗?

—Yes,I am.是的,累了。

—No, I?m not.不,不累。

—Does she do the cleaning?她扫除了吗?

—Yes ,she does.是的,她打扫了。—No,she doesn?t.不,她没打扫。

(2)回答一般疑问句除了用yes或no外,也可用certainly,probably,perhaps,of course,all right,with pleasure等代替yes,

用never,not at all等代替no,如:—Can you help me?你能帮个忙吗?—Certainly.当然。

—Could you please make less noise?

你可以小声一点吗?

—All right,sir.好的,先生。

—Have you been there?

你到过那里吗?

—Never.从来没有。

4、一般疑问句的否定式

(1)一般疑问句的否定式,一般结构为系动词/助动词/情态动词+not+主语;也可为系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+not,如:Do you not/Don?t you believe me? 你不相信我?

Believe me?你不相信我?

Is it not / Isn?t it a lovely day? 天气难道不好吗?

Are you not / Aren?t you coming?你不来吗?

Will you not /Won?t you sit down? 你不坐会儿吗?

Is he not / Isn?t he a doctor? 他不是医生吗?

Does Helen not /Doesn?t Helen like chocolate? 海伦不喜欢巧克力吗?

Will he not /Won?t he go with you?

他不和你一块儿去吗?

(2)否定疑问句并不单纯表示提问,它常常带有感情色彩。否定疑问句完全式比简略式所表达的语气更强烈些。

1)否定疑问句常常带有惊异、赞叹或责难等语气,如:

Haven?t you read the newspaper?

你没读过这份报纸呀?

Won?t he come?他不来了?

2)否定疑问句有时暗示提问者期待着肯定的回答,如:

Shouldn?t we start now?

我们现在是不是该动身了?

Wasn?t it an interesting film?

那部电影是不是很有趣?

3)否定疑问句有时用来表示邀请或建议,如:

Wouldn?t you like to go with me?

你不想和我一块儿去吗?

Won?t you have a cup of coffee?

你不喝杯咖啡吗?

(3)否定的一般疑问句的答语中,yes的含义为“不”no的含义为“是”,但在回答这类句子时,应该注意yes后接肯定结构,no 后接否定结构,这和汉语习惯不同,如:—Are you not Mr Smith?

你不是史密斯先生吗?

—Yes,I am.不,我是。

—No,I am not.是的,我不是。

—Haven?t you read this book before?

你从前没有读过这本书吗?

—Yes,I have.不,我读过。

—No,I haven?t.是的,我没有。

—Don?t you play chess?你不下棋吗?—Yes ,I do.不,我下棋。

—No,I don?t.是的,我不下棋。

教你一招:在这样的答语中,只要根据实际情况来判断,如果事实上是,就要用yes;如果事实上不是,就要用no。

(二)特殊疑问句

1、特殊疑问句概述

特殊疑问句(special questions),也可称为“wh”-questions,因为它们多数都以who,where,when,which,whosewhy这类词开头,如:

Who is it on the phone?谁来的电话?

How many oranges can you see in the picture?

你能在图画上看到多少个橘子?

Where did you last see it?

你最后一次看到这东西时是在什么地方呢?

What did you eat yesterday?

你昨天吃了些什么?

How do you usually go to school?

你通常是怎么去学校的呢?

2、特殊疑问句的构成及用法

(1)它的结构一般为:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句:特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+(其他),:

What can be done about it?

对此能做些什么呢?

Which are yours?哪些是你的?

Who would like to come for a game of football?谁愿意来踢场足球呀?

What did you say?你说什么?

Why didn?t you tell me?

你为什么没有告诉我?

(2)特殊疑问句有时可有一个以上的疑问

词,如:

Which present did you give to whom?

你把哪件礼物给了人啦?

When and where did you meet?你们何时在何地相遇的?

(3)特殊疑问句有时须以介词开首,如:By whom is the book written?此书是谁写的?

Since when have you lived here?

你从什么时候起住在这里的?

(4)疑问词作主语或主语的定语时,与陈述句的语序相同,如:

Who is in the room?谁在房间里?

(5)“why+一般疑问句否定式”这种结构一般表示劲告、建议、责备等,而不能归为特殊问句,如:

Why don?t you come earlier?

你为什么不早些来呢?

Why not go skiing?为何不去滑雪呢?

3、特殊疑问词

特殊疑问词可分为两类:疑问代词和疑问副词

(1)疑问代词

疑问代词主要有五个,分别为:who,whom,

which,what,whose。它们没有性和数的变化,除了who外也没有格的变化。

疑问代词意义作用

例句

who谁

作主语, 用来指人

Who is the girl under the tree?

Who is not here?

Whom

谁作宾语,用来指人

Whom are you writing to?

Whom do you want to see?

Whose

谁的用来指所属关系,如果作定语,一般后接名词

Whose pen is this?

Whose are those shoes?

Which 哪个,哪些

用来指对人或物在一定范围之内进行选择Which girls will be in the sports meeting?Which hat is lily?s ?

What 通常指物,也可指人,一般用在没有指出范围的情况下

What can you see in the picture?

What is in the teacher?s room?

(2)疑问副词

疑问副词包括when,where,why,how及how与其他副词和形容词组成的疑问词。疑问副词意义用法

例句

when何时询问时间

When will she return?

Where何地询问地点

Where do you come from?

Why为什么询问原因

Why are you late for school?

How如何询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等

How do you usually go to school?

How old多大询问年龄

How old is Jim?s little brother?

How much/many多少询问数量

How many friends do you have?

How far多远询问距离

How far is it from your home to school?How long多长、多久询问时间的长度或距离

How long will you stay in Beijing?

How often多长时间一次询问频率

How often do you go to see your grandparents?

How soon多久询问时间

How soon will you come back?

4、特殊疑问句的答语

特殊疑问句的答语的重点是对疑问词的回答非所问,因此,不再需要用yes或no。在回答时,可以用一个词或词组,也可以用一个较为完整的句子。

问句

简略答语

整句答语

Who has borrowed my bike?谁借了我的自行车?

Jack. 杰克。

Jack has borrowed your bike.

When did he borrow my bike?他什么时候借了我的自行车?

This morning. 今天早晨。

He borrowed your bike this morning. Where is he?他现在在何处?

At the office. 在办公室。

He is at the office.

What is he doing there?他在那儿干什么呢?

Working. 工作

He is working.

Whose bike is this?这辆自行车是谁的?Mr. Smith?s. 史密斯先生的。

It?s Mr. Smith?s bike.

(三)选择疑问句

1、选择疑问句概述

选择疑问句(alternative questions)一般提出两种或两种以上的可能,问对方选择哪一种。其结构可用一般疑问句,也可用特殊疑问句,供选择的两部分由or连接,前者用升调,后者用降调,如:

Will you go there by bus or by train?

你准备乘汽车,还是乘火车去那儿?What would you like,coffee or tea?

你想要什么,咖啡还是茶?

How many pens do you have ,one or two?你有几枝钢笔,一枝还是两枝?

2、一般疑问句演化来的选择疑问句

Is it right or wrong?是对还是错?

Were you or he there?是你还是他在那儿?

Are they reading,chatting or watching television?他们是在看书、聊天,还是在看电视?

Do you want to go there by land or by air?

你将乘车还是乘飞机去那儿?

3、特殊疑问句演化来的选择疑问句Which do you like better,coffee or milk?你更喜欢喝什么,咖啡还是牛奶?

What colour is it,red,blue or yellow?

它是什么颜色,红的,蓝的,还是黄的?Where are you going,to the classroom or to the library?你要去哪儿,教室还是图书馆?

How shall we go,by sea or by lad?

我们怎么去,走水路还是陆路?

4、or not构成的选择疑问句

Do you want to buy it or not?

你是想买它还是不想买?

Are you ready or not?

你准备好了还是没有准备好?

5、选择疑问句的答非所问语

选择疑问句的答语必须是完整的句子或其省略式,不能用yes或no,如:

—Do you go to work by bus or by bike?

你乘公交车还是骑自行车去上班?

—By bus.乘公交车。

—Which would you like, tea or coffee?

你要茶还是咖啡?

—Coffee.咖啡

6、or连接的选择疑问句

并列部分可以是多种句子成分

(1)表语,如:

—Are you an Englishman or an American?你是英国人还是美国人?

—I?m from England.我是英国人。

(2)状语,如:

—Is the delegation arriving today or tomorrow?

代表团今天到还是明天到?

—Today,I think.我想是今天到。

(3)宾语,如:

—Would you like coffee or tea?

你要咖啡还是茶?

—Tea, please.请给我茶。

(4)谓语,如:

—Shall we watch TV or go to the concert?我们是看电视还是去听音乐会?

—I?d prefer to go to the concert.

我宁愿去听音乐会。

(5)分句,如:

—Shall I come to pick you up or shall we meet at the airport?

我来接你还是咱们去机场碰头?

—As you please.随便。

(四)反意疑问句

1、反意疑问句的构成

反意疑问句(disjunctive questions)是一种常用于口语的疑问句,这种问句由两部分组成,前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是附加的一简短问句(称为question tag),中间用逗号隔开,因此,反意疑问句又称附加疑问句。如果陈述句是肯定句式,附加问句用否定句式;如果陈述句是否定式,附加问句用肯定句式。附加问句一般为“be动词(助动词、情态动词)+代词”构成,如:They didn?t clean the classr oom yesterday,did they?

他们昨天没有扫扫教室,是吗?

You?re coming,aren?t you?你会来的,不是吗?

John doesn?t like tea,does he?

约翰不喜欢茶,是吗?

She can?t swim,can she?她不会游泳,对吗?

This is your car,isn?t it ?这是你的车,对吧?

You don?t like rock music,do you ?

你不喜欢摇滚乐,对吧?

2、反意疑问句需注意的问题

(1)附加问句中的主语要用代词,如果陈述句的主语是代词,用相应的代词即可,如果陈述句的主语是名词,用相应的代词指代该名词,如:

He is your teacher,isn?t he?

他是你的老师,是吧?

Li lei gets up at six in the morning,doesn?t he?

李雷每天早上6点钟起床,是吗?

(2)如果陈述句中有系动词或情态动词或助动词,附加疑问句中用与它相应的肯定或否定形式即可;如果没有,就要根据陈述句的时态选择适当的助动词,如:

Tom has finished his homework,hasn?t he?汤姆己经完成了他的家庭作业,是吗?She went to Shanghai yesterday,didn?t she?

她昨天去上海了,是吗?

(3)有些句子包含表示否定意义语,也算否定句,如:

There?s little water in the bottle,is there?

瓶子里没有水了,是吗?

(4)在个别情况下,前后两部分可以都是肯定或都是否定。这时有特殊的涵义,如:You sold that lovely bracelet,did you ?(=I?m sorry you did.)

你把那只漂亮手镯卖了,是吗?(真遗憾。)

3、反意疑问句的语调

(1)通常陈述句部分用降调,附加问句用升调,如:

He can?t swim,can he?他不会游泳,是吗?

Lily likes sports,doesn?t she?

丽莉喜欢运动,是吗?

(2)对自己的看法比较肯定而又希望听者同意这种看法时,前后都用降调:

You don?t like rock music,do you?期望回答:No,I don?t.

You like rock music,don?t you?期望回答:Yes,I do.

4、反意疑问句的答语

(1)反意疑问句的答语一般由yes或no引导的简略答语来回答,但是要注意时态及代词的呼应,如:

—She is your teacher,isn?t she?

她是你的老师,是吧?

—Yes ,she is.是的,她是。

—No,she isn?t.不,她不是。

—Li lei gets up at six in the morning,doesn?t he?

李雷每天早上6点钟起床,是吗?—Yes,he is.是的,他是。

—No ,he isn?t.不,他不是。

(2)在前否定后肯定的句子中,yes含义为“不”,no含义为“是”,如:

She can?t swim,can she ?她不会游泳,对吗?

Yes ,she can.不,她会。

No,she can?t.是的,她不会。

She isn?t your teacher,is she?

她不是你的老师,对吧?

Yes,she is.不,她是。

No,she isn?t.是的,她不是。

5、一些特殊句式的反意疑问句

(1)陈述句是I am…结构,反意问句用aren?t I 或am not I,如:

I?m right,aren?t I?我是正确的,对吗?

I?m late,am not I?我迟到了,是吗?(2)陈述句的主语是不定代词时,如果是表示物的everything,anything,something,nothing时,反意问句的主语it,谓语动词用单数,如果是表示人的everybody,everyone,somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nobody,no one时,反意问句的主语可用they,也可用he,谓语动词用相应的单、复数,如:

Nothing is serious,is it?没什么严重的,是吗?

No one was hurt,were they?没有人受伤,是吗?

Everybody knows what I said,don?t they?每个人都懂了我所说的,是吗?Everyone knows his job,doesn?t he?

每个人都了解他的工作,是吗?

(3)如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词this,that时,疑问的主语用it,谓语单数;如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词these,those,则疑问句的主语用they,谓语用复数,如:

This is very important,isn?t it?

这是非常重要的,是吗?

Those are cups,aren?t they?

这些是茶杯,是吗?

(4)如果陈述部分以不定代词one作主语,附加疑问部分的主语在正式场合用one,在非正式场合用you,如:

One can?t be too careful, can one(you)?最认真不过如此了,是吗?

(5)陈述部分的主语是从句、不定式或动名词时,疑问部分的主语用it,谓语用单数,如:

What you said is wrong,isn?t it?

你说的错了,不是吗?

To learn English well isn?t easy,is it?

学好英语不容易,是吗?

Practising speaking English every morning will do you good,won?t it?

每天早上练习说英语对你有好处,不是吗?

(6)陈述句中的谓语动词是there be,后边的疑问部分也用there be形式,如:There is an apple on the table,isn?t there?桌子上有只苹果,是吗?

There?re some trees on the island,aren?t there?小岛上有一些树,是吗?

(7)陈述句谓语动词是wish,表示征求意见时,反意问句用may,如:

I wish to have another piece of cake,may I?

我想再要一块蛋糕,可以吗?

I wish to go home now ,may I?

我想现在就回家,可以吗?

(8)陈述句句中有hardly,seldom,rarely,no,nothingnever,little,few,nobody,nowhere,barely,neither,too…to等表示否定意义的词时,反意问句用肯定式,如:You will never forget it ,will you?

你永远不会忘记这件事,是吗?

There is nothing on the table,is there?

桌子上什么也没有,是吗?

She has few friends,does she?

她几乎没有朋友,是吗?

(9)如果陈述句中的否定式仅带有否定词缀(前缀或后缀),则将其看成肯定句,反意问句一般仍用否定式,如:

He is unfit for his job,isn?t he?

他并不适合他的工作,是吗?

英语四种基本句式

英语四种基本句式:陈述、疑问、祈使和感叹句 一:肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句 例句:I am a Student. He goes to school. I am not a boy. He does not go to school. Are you a StUdent? Do you / Does She like English ? What time (is it ),please ? WhiCh is your pen? What day today ?问星期 What date is it today?问日期 含 be/am is are WaS were: ThiS is a book. IS this a book? __ yes, it is / no ,it isn ThiS is not a book. What is this ? What this is ? I like En glish. I do n Otlike En glish. Do you like En glish? What do you like? She likes En glish. She does no t like En glish. Does She like En glish. What does She like ? 1. some 变为 any 。如:There are some birds in the tree.→There aren't any birds in the tree. 但是,若在表示邀请、请求的句子中,some 可以不变。如: Would you like some Orange juice? 与此相关的一些不定代词如 SOmethi ng, somebody 等也要进行相应变化。 2. and 变为 or 。如:I have a knife and a ruler.→I don't have a knife or a ruler. You n eed ntWorry about the job and pay._ You n eed n'tWorry about the job or pay. (Don 'n eed to ) 3. a lot of (=lots of )变为many (修饰可数n )或much (修饰不可数n )。如: They have a lot of friends.(可数名词)→They don't have many friends. There is lots of Orange in the bottle.(不可数名词) →There isrlt much Orange in the bottle. 4. already 变为 yet 。如:I have bee n there already.→ I have n't bee n there yet. I have Sent you the mail already → I haven ' t Sent you the mail yet. 二:疑问句questios 分类:一般疑问、特殊疑问、反意疑问、选择疑问 A . be/助/情态动词(be Can do have Will 等)+主语+谓语/表语+(其他),句子要读升调; When 问时间 Why 问原因 What day 问星期 hoW old 问年龄 hoW long 问时间 Who 问人 Whose 问主人 What time 问时间 What date 问日期 What place hoW many/much 问数量、价钱 What color Where 问地点 WhiCh 问选择 问颜色 What about 问意见 问具体地点 H OW 问情况 hoW about 问意见 hoW far 问路程 hoW soon 问时间 hoW often 问频率

疑问句大全——_一般疑问句

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