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作者介绍、翻译、赏析等

作者介绍、翻译、赏析等
作者介绍、翻译、赏析等

【作者介绍】

王勃(649-676),字子安,绛州龙门(今山西省河津县一带) 人,初唐四杰之一。他是著名学者王通的孙子,很小的时候就写得一手好文辞,有“神童”之称,可惜不到三十岁就在渡海时落水而死了。他做过几任小官,却两次遭到斥逐和除名,短短的一生是在坎坷中度过的。留传下来的《王子安集》里,文比较多,诗不足百首,《送杜少府之任蜀州》要算是他的代表作。这首诗点明送别的地点是长安。他曾几次到过长安。这首诗有少年进取的精神,没有消极颓唐的情绪,可能是诗人二十岁以前在长安作朝散郎和任沛王府修撰时所作。少府,是当时对县尉的通称。一作“蜀州”,在今四川省崇庆县。“本文题目应是“送杜少府之任蜀川”686年才改为“蜀州”当时王勃已故10年。蜀川”,指川西岷江流域一带。

【翻译】

译文一:

古代三秦之地,拱护长安城垣宫阙。

风烟滚滚,能望到蜀州岷江的五津。

与你握手作别时,彼此间心心相印;

你我都是远离故乡,出外做官之人。

四海之内只要有了知己,不管远隔在天涯海角,都像在一起。

请别在分手的岐路上,伤心地痛哭;

像多情的少年男女,彼此泪落沾衣。

译文二:

三秦护卫着巍峨的长安,你要奔赴的蜀地,却是一片风烟迷茫。

离别时,不由得生出无限的感慨,你我都是远离故土,在仕途上奔走的游子。

人世间只要是志同道合的朋友,即使远在天涯,也似在身边。

不要在分手时徘徊忧伤,像多情的儿女一样,任泪水打湿衣裳。

【赏析】

这是一首送别诗。诗人王勃(650-676年),字子安,绛州龙门(今山西省稷山县)人。他只活了二十六岁就死了。但是,由于他勤奋学习,因而在短促的一生中,作出了显著的成绩。他既能写诗又会作文,与当时的杨炯、卢照邻、骆宾王同样著名,被称为“初唐四杰”。

一般说来,人们在同自己的亲威、朋友离别时,心情总是难过的,依依不舍,免不了要讲些祝愿一路平安、保重身体或者后会有期之类的话,有的甚至还要作出“儿女态”,流下眼泪来。这当然是人之常情,毫不足怪的。但是,诗作为艺术,如果把这些都写了进去,那就会显得俗套、平庸,没有味道了。王勃不愧是一位市斤,他才不去写这些呢!他的这首送别诗,别开生面,用自然朴实的语言,写出了朋友之间的真挚感情,把人的思想境界大大提高了,读后使人深受感动。

在这首诗里,开头两句写送别时的情景。当时,诗人是在长安供职,他要送自己的好朋友杜少府(官名)去蜀州上任。蜀州,在现今四川省,州府在崇庆县。两人一起走出了长安城,来到分手的地点,心中有话,但却相对无言,只好观看四周的景致,以克制自己的离情别绪。“城阙辅三秦”,但见庄严壮丽的长安宫城,被地势险要的“三秦”环护着,气象宏伟。“风烟望五津”,再看朋友所要去的地方,千里迢迢,茫茫一片,什么也看不清楚。这一近一远、一明一暗的景物,对比强烈,构成了一幅非常真实、生动的送别画面,饱含着诗人对朋友远行的留恋之情。

诗的三四两句是点题的,下面讲明了朋友之间分别的意义。在社会生活中,筵席总是要散的,感情十分深厚的朋友也难免要分别,不可能永远会聚在一起。其原因就在于“同是宦游人”,各人有各人的职守,都要奔赴自己办事的岗位。所以,这种分别是完全可以理解的,但决不会分别而疏远了朋友之间的真挚感情。诗人和杜少府分别的意义就在这里。

“海内存知己,天涯若比邻”这两句诗,意味深远,是全诗中最重要的部分。它表现出诗人的宽阔胸怀和远大抱负,使真挚的友情得到升华。人们都有与自己志同道合的朋友,叫做“知己”,他有时近在身旁,有时却远在天涯海角,但无论空间怎样的改变,时间如何的推移,友情应该是牢不可破的。而且,决不能狭隘地认为“知己”只有一个;世界上到处都有与自己志同道合的人,同样都可以建立起深厚的友谊。抱着这样的认识和心情与朋友分别,那就不会感到孤独寂寥,相反地却是感到乐观进取,不管到了何处,都会觉得好像仍在与自己的老朋友在一起,促膝谈心,那样的快乐、幸福。

说到这里,诗人还嫌余意未尽,再加上两句:“无为在歧路,儿女共沾巾。”他语重心长,勉励朋友在分手的时候,千万不要象小孩子那样掏出手绢来揩眼泪,悲伤难过,而要勇往直前,去迎接新的生活。这样的诗句,扣人心弦,千百年来一直被人们所传诵。

“初唐四杰”的诗,在思想内容和艺术形式上打破了六朝以来“宫体诗”的束缚,勇于创新,但还不够完善。例如王勃的这首诗,三、四两句“与君离别意,同是宦游人”,按照律诗的要求,应当是对仗,但却用了散调,不够合律。后来,有些轻薄的文人就讥笑他们。然而,这掩没不了他们的成就。杜甫说得好:“尔曹身与名俱灭,不废江河万古流。”(《戏为六绝句》)讥笑他们的人消亡了,而住院病人的诗则将千古流传下去。

【词语解释】

少府:县官名。

之任:赴任。

城阙:城墙,指代长安。

辅:护卫。

三秦:项羽灭秦后,曾把关中地分为雍、塞、翟三个王国,史称三秦。泛指长安附近的关中之地。

五津:四川岷江古有白华津、万里津、江首津、涉头津、江南津五个著名渡口,合称五津。此则泛指四川。

宦游:在外地作官。

海内:四海之内,古人认为陆地的四周都为大海所包围,所以称天下为四海之内。

无为:不要。

歧路:岔路,指分手的地方。

沾巾:泪水沾湿手巾。

【千古名句】

海内存知己,天涯若比邻。

无为在歧路,儿女共沾巾!

【朗读节奏】

《送杜少府之任蜀州》唐·王勃

城阙/辅/三秦,风烟/望/五津。

与君/离别/意,同是/宦游/人。

海内/存/知己,天涯/若/比邻。

无为/在/歧路,儿女/共/沾巾!

【评析】

此诗是送别的名作。诗意慰勉勿在离别之时悲哀。起句严整对仗,三、四句以散调承之,以实转虚,文情跌宕。第三联海内存知己,天涯若比邻,奇峰突起,高度地概括了友情深厚,江山难阻的情景,伟词自铸,传之千古,有口皆碑。尾联点出送的主题。

全诗开合顿挫,气脉流通,意境旷达。一洗古送别诗中的悲凉凄怆之气,音调爽朗,清新高远,独树碑石。

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