高英课文解释包括paraphrases

高英课文解释包括

p a r a p h r a s e s

The Standardization Office was revised on the afternoon of December 13, 2020

Lesson One Face to Face with Hurricane

Camille

Joseph P. Blank

Title

1. face to face: The phrase in this context means “confronting one another.” This phrase connotes/ /意味着 a sense of urgency and danger. The confrontation面对面 is generally with something dangerous, difficult or hard to resolve. 面对面

地

.: face to face with the enemy

.: face to face with the tiger

.: face to face with the problem

2. hurricane: is a tropical storm in which winds attain speeds greater than 75 miles (about 121 kilometers) per hour. It is a powerful, spiraling螺旋形的 storm that begins over a warm sea, near the equator. When a hurricane hits land, it can do great damage through its fierce winds, torrential/ / rains倾盆大雨, inland flooding, and huge waves crashing ashore. There storms are given a different label, depending on where they occur. If they begin over the North Atlantic Ocean

大西洋, the Caribbean/ / Sea加勒比海, the Gulf of Mexico墨西哥, or the Northeast Pacific Ocean太平洋, they are called hurricanes. Similar storms that occur in the Northwest Pacific Ocean west of the International Date Line国际日期变

更线 are called typhoon s. Near Australia and in the Indian Ocean, they are referred to as tropical cyclones热带气旋。飓风

3. Hurricane Camille: In the United States hurricanes are named alphabetically and given the names of people like Hurricane Camille, Hurricane Betsy伊丽莎白的昵称, and so on; whereas in China Typhoons are given serial numbers like Typhoon , Typhoon and so on. 卡米尔飓风

4. face to face with Hurricane Camille: All headings and titles are generally succinct/ /简洁的 and particular care is given to the choice of words. The aim is to present the article, story, etc. as vividly and as forcefully as possible to attract the attention of would-be readers. 迎战卡米尔飓风

Para. 1

1. Jr.: is the abbreviation of junior. This term is generally used in the United States and is put after the name of a son to indicate he has the same first name as his father. The term Sr. (senior) is sometimes put after the name of the father. This is done only with men’s names. If the name continues into the third generation, Roman numerals (I. II. III. etc.) are used. This happens mainly among big, rich, upper class families. 小…….: John Rockefeller I, John Rockefeller II and John Rockefeller III 洛克菲勒一世，二世和三世

2. Radio and television warnings … the Gulf of Mexico.

(1) Radio and television warnings had sounded: Radio and television had broadcast warnings about the hurricane (2) August 17: Hurricane Camille hit Mississippi and Lousiana for two days, August 17, 18, 1969. The death toll/ /死亡人数 was 258.

(3) lash: a specific verb, meaning to strike with great force 猛烈冲击；拍打

.: waves lashed the cliffs

(4) Gulf of Mexico: Most hurricanes in this area are formed over the Caribbean Sea and they move over the Gulf of Mexico to strike the Gulf States（美国）墨西哥湾沿岸各州 of the United States—Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, etc. 墨西哥湾(5) Radio and television warnings … the Gulf of Mexico. : It implies that The National Weather Service of the United States broadcast warnings of potential hurricanes.

3. It was certain to pummel Gulfport, Miss. , where the Koshaks lived.

(1) pummel: to beat or hit with repeated blows打击, esp. with the fist拳头. The Koshaks will have to put up with忍受 many onslaughts冲击 of the fierce storm （尤指用拳头）连续地打(2) Gulfport: a seaport海港 in South Miss. , on the Gulf of Mexico. It is the second largest city in Mississippi next to the state capital Jackson杰克逊（美国密西西比州首府）. According to the 2008 census人口普查, the population of Gulfport is 70,055. Much of Gulfport was severely damaged by Hurricane Camille in 1969 and was again hit by Hurricane Katrina/ /卡特里娜 on August 29, 2005. As a result, much of the city was flooded or destroyed. 高尔夫港(3) Miss.: abbreviation for Mississippi

(4) the Koshaks: when a “s” is added to a surname and used with the definite article “the”, the term, then, stands for the whole family

.: the Koshaks: the Koshak family, all the Koshaks in the family

.: the Browns: the Brown family

.: the Lis: the Li family

4. Along the coasts of Louisiana, … inland to safer ground. (1) safer ground: the hurricane loses force as it blows inland and people away from the coast are safe from tidal waves潮汐caused by the hurricane 安全地带

(2) fled inland to safer ground: ran away to the interior of the country (away from the coast) where they would be safer 5. But, like thousands of others … was clearly endangered. (1) coastal communities: people living together in towns, cities, villages, along the coast 沿海村落

(2) aged 3 to 11: The youngest child was three years and the eldest 11 years old. The other five were older than 3 and younger than 11.

Para. 2-3

1. Trying to reason out … from California.

(1) reason out: 推断出，推论出

(2) course: a way of behaving; mode of conduct 行为；品行；做法

(3) who had moved into the ten-room house with the Koshaks: John Koshak’s grandparents left California and came to Gulfport to live with their son, John Koshak Jr. In capitalist countries especially in the U.S., children, when they grow up and start working, generally live away from their parents.

4. longtime: 长时间的，为时甚久的

5. John, 37 — whose business … the power of a hurricane.

(1) John, 37: elliptical省略, John who was 37 years old

(2) right there: exactly, precisely there (in his home)

(3) whose business was right there in his home: his business office, workshop车间，工场, etc. were all in his home (4) all of: every one, every bit of, every piece of

(5) Magna Products: name of the company owned and run

by John Koshak Jr. 玛格纳制造公司

(6) correspondence: the letters written or received 信件：写的或收到的信件

(7) engineering drawings: diagrams图表 and sketches草图for machines 设计图纸

(8) art work: designs, models, pictures for the various toys 工艺模具

(9) first floor: in U.S., the ground floor; in Europe and Great Britain, the floor above this

6. Four year earlier, … to a motel for the night).

(1) demolish: pull down, tear down, or smash to pieces (a building, etc.), destroy; ruin 拉倒；打碎；拆毁；破坏；毁灭(2) motel: a blend or portmanteau/ / word混合词, formed by combining parts of [mo(torist)驾车者 + (ho)tel] 汽车游客旅馆

7. “We’re elevated 23 feet,”… from the sea.

(1) elevate: to move (something) to a higher place or position from a lower one; lift 提高：（将一物）从低处向高处移动；带起

(2) “We’re elevated 23 feet”: “We’re 23 feet above sea level.”(in British English)

(3) a good: a general intensive, meaning “at least”, “full”

.: We waited a good six hours.

(4) we’re a good 250 yards from the sea: we’re at least 250 yards distant from the sea

8. The plane has been … has ever bothered it. : The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.

Para. 4-5

1. The elder Koshak, … , agreed.

(1) gruff: rough or surly in manner or speech; harsh and throaty; hoarse 粗暴的，粗鲁的；粗哑的，嘶哑的

(2) machinist: / / one who is skilled in operating machine tools 机械师：一个擅长操作机械工具的人2. “We can batten down and ride it out,” he said.

(1) batten: to fasten canvas帆布 over the hatches舱口 of a ship, especially in preparing for a storm

(2) ride it out: to stay afloat during a storm without too much damage 安全渡过

(3) we can batten down and ride it out: a metaphor, comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. 我们可以严加防范，渡过难关

3. The men methodically prepared for the hurricane.

(1) methodically: / / orderly, systematically 有秩序地；有条理地

(2) The men methodically prepared for the hurricane. : The men in the house mad all the necessary preparations to fight the hurricane and they went about着手 their work in a systematic and orderly manner.

4. Since water mains … and pails.

(1) main: a principal pipe, conduit/ /管道, or line in

a distributing system for water, gas, electricity电, etc.

(2) bathtub: / / a tub浴盆, now usually a bathroom浴室 fixture装置, in which to take a bath洗澡。浴盆，浴缸

(3) Since water mains … and pails. : They were afraid the water supply自来水 might be cut off切断 so they filled the bathtubs and pails with water.

5. A power failure was likely, … and fuel for the lantern.

(1) power failure: a breakdown崩溃 in the supply of electricity

(2) check out: to ex

amine (the batteries电池 and fuel) and see if they were all right 检验

(3) portable: carried or moved with ease 易携带或移动的

.: a portable typewriter 手提式打字机

.: a portable generator 便携式发电机

(4) flashlight: a small, portable lamp usually powered by batteries 手电筒：一种通常用电池供电的小型便携式电灯

(5) lantern: / / 提灯

6. John’s father moved … to the refrigerator.

(1) generator: a dynamo/ /发电机; a small machine for producing electricity

(2) hallway: an entrance hall 门厅

(3) wired several light bulbs: connected several light bulbs 电灯泡 by wire电线 to the generator. When the generator produced electricity these bulbs would light up.

(4) prepared a connection: preparations were also made to connect, when necessary, the refrigerator to the generator