搜档网
当前位置:搜档网 › 自考《欧洲文化入门试卷及答案练习题》

自考《欧洲文化入门试卷及答案练习题》

自考《欧洲文化入门试卷及答案练习题》
自考《欧洲文化入门试卷及答案练习题》

课程《欧洲文化入门》考试时间 120 分钟日期年月日姓名学号学院班级

Ⅰ.Read the following unfinished statements or questionas carefully. For each

unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have choosen in the corresponding spcae on the answer sheet. (40 points, 2 point for each)

———— was the founder of scientific mathematics.

A. Pythagoras

B. Democritus

C. Aristotle

D. Diogenes

2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who know”by

Dante

A. Plato

B. Socrates

C. Aristotle

D. Cicero

3.

________ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay.

A. Thucydides

B. Herodotus

C. Socrates

D. Aristotle

4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name________ .

A. Moses

B. Joshua

C. Saul

D. David

5. Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all and made

Christianity legal

A. Domitian

B. Valerian

C. Constantine

D. Theodosius

6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean ________ .

A. wanderers

B. travelers

C. traders

D. merchants

7. In the latter part of the fourth century the ________ swept into Europe from central

Asia.

A. Turkish

B. Huns

C. Athens

D. Roman

8. Apart from being a place of worship, the ________ was a place for recreation and the

center of trade and community activity.

A. bridge

B. church building

C. village

D. subway

9. For two centuries beginning from the late fifteenth century,________ was the golden

city which gave birth to a whole generation of poets, scholars,artists and sculptors.

A. Milan

B. Florence

C. Venice

D. the papal states

10. which of the following figures knows “how to make beauty yield meaning and meaning

yield beauty”.

A. Boccaccio

B. Shakespeare

C. Raphael

D. Petrarch

11. ________ is recognized as the father of the modern European novel and has had great

impact on world literature.

A. Don Quixote

B. hamlet

C. Gargantua and Pantagruel

D. Utopia

12. The English poet Alexander Pope once wrote:Nature and Nature’laws lay hid in said,

“let________ be”, and all was light.

A. Copernicus

B. Kepler

C. Newton

D. Einstein

13. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in England

and with ________ in France.

A. Corneille

B. Locke

C. Rousseau

D. Descartes

14. The great contribution of was ________.

A. the building of monasteries

B. the translation of Old and New Testaments into Latin

C. the setting up of the church system

D. none of the above

15. Which of the following is not true about Dante

A. Dante was a great Italian poet.

B. Dante wrote Beowulf

C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian

D. Dante was a great political thinker

16. Scientists in the 17th century,such ans Galileo and Newton,attached great importance

to ________ .

A. deductive reasoning

B. classical authority

C. direct observation and experiment

D. humanist learning

17. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle

A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.

B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.

C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.

D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic,politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects.

18. ________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and

emotional upheaval. .

A. Sophists

B. Cynics

C. Sceptics

D. Epicureans

19. ________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: “Give me a place to stand, and

I will move the world.”

A. Archimedes

B. Aristotle

C. Plato

D. Euclid

20. In The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun,

not the earth, is the center of the universe.

A. Kepler

B. Galileo

C. Newton

D. Copernicus

Ⅱ.In the following part there are two left hand column consists of a list of names.

The right hand column consists of a list of titles, names of organizations, works

or remarks in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the test paper.(10 points, 1 point each)

(a)Latin version of Bible

[ ] (b)The City of God

[ ] (c)The Canterbury Tales

[ ] (d)Aeneid

25.Constantine [ ] (e)Last Supper

[ ] (f)Virgin Mary

[ ] (g)Edict of Milan

da Vinci [ ] (h)Frogs

[ ] (i)The Divine Comedy

[ ] (j)Odyssey

Ⅲ.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following question. Write your answer in

the corresponding space on the test paper.(20 points, 2 points each)

many elements which constitute European culture, what are the two major ones

are the four schools of philosophers who often argued with each other in the 4th Greece gave birth to Christianity

does the Old Testament mainly deal with

classes were the people of weatern Europe under feudalism mainly divided into

did the Crusades go on about 200 years

the two men who made great efforts to promote learning in the Middle Ages.

period does Renaissance refer to in the European history

tow most famous pictures painted by Leonardo da Vinci.

established oil colour on canvas as the typical medium of the pictorial tradition in western art

each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper in around 40 words.(20 points, 5points each)

’democrach

Locke

Between 100-120 Words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the test paper.(10 points)

is Baconian philosophical system and the different between inductie method (推理法)and deductive method(演绎法)

课程《欧洲文化入门》答案

Ⅰ.

1-10: A, C, A, C, C, A, B, B, B, D

11-20: A, C, D, B, B, C, B, D, A, D

Ⅱ. 21a,22i,23h,24d,25g,26b,27c,28e,29f,30j

Ⅲ.

major elements are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.

four schools of philosophers are Cynics,the Sceptics,the Epicureans and the Stoics. was the Jewish tradition that gave birth to Christianity.

Old Testment is about God and the Laws of God.

of western Europe under feudalism were mainly divided into three classes:clergy,lords and peasants.

1071 the armies of the Turkish Moslems occupied Palestine, killing many Christain pilgrims and even selling many others as slaves, which roused great indignation among Christains in western Europe and resulted in the crusades lasting on about 200 years. are Charlemagne and Alfred the Great.

refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century.

Lisa and Last Supper are Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous pictures.

was the great Venetian painter Titian.

IV

41.Athens was a democracy. Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”,but

by“the whole people”the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens, and citizenship was a set of rights which a man inherited from his father.

is an Anglo-Saxon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from the collective efforts of oral literature. The story is set in Denmard of Sweden and tells how the hero, Beowulf, defeats the monster Grendel and Grendel’s mother, a sea monster,but eventually receives his own death in fighting with a fire dragon.

Locke was a great English empiricist and an outstanding political philosopher, whose writing on economics, politics and religion expressed the ideas of the time.

deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home island of Ithaca.

It describes many adventures he ran into on his long sea voyage and how finally he was reunited with his faithful wife Penelope.

V.

45.

The answer as follows:

1.The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over the

forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.

2.He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately be

blended with is as in Scholasticism.

3.Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particular

facts or individual cases to a general conclusion. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from the general to the specific.

4.In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of natural

world. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.

机械工程控制基础(第六版)公式

机械工程控制基础(第六版)公式 1.典型时间函数的拉氏变换以及拉氏变换的性质 22222 1 111[1];[()]1;[];[]![sin ];[cos ];[]at n n L L t L t L e S S S a w S n L wt L wt L t S w S W S δ+= ===-===++ ①延迟性质:[()].()as L f t a e F S --= ②复数域的位移性质:[()]()at L e f t F S a -=+ ③相似定理:1[()]()S L f at F a a = ④微分性质:()12'(1)[()][](0)(0)(0)n n n n n L f t S F S S f S f f -+-+-+=---- 当初始条件为零时:()[()][]n n L f t S F S = ⑤积分性质:(1)()1[()](0)F S L f t dt f S S -+= +? 初始条件为零时:() [()]F S L f t dt S =? ⑥初值定理:0 (0)lim ()lim ()s t f f t SF S + + →+∞ →==;⑦终值定理:0 lim ()lim ()t s f t SF S →+∞ →= 2.传递函数的典型环节及公式 ①比例环节K ;②积分环节 1S ;③微分环节S ;④惯性环节11TS +;⑤一阶微分环节1TS + ⑥振荡环节 22 121 T S TS ζ++;⑦二阶微分环节2221T S TS ζ++;⑧延时环节S e τ- ⑨开环传递函数()()H S G S ; 其中G(S)为向前通道传递函数,()H S 为反馈传递函数 闭环传递函数() ()1()() G S G S H S G S = +闭 ⑩梅逊公式n n n t T ∑?= ? ; 1231i j k i j k L L L ?=-∑+∑-∑+ 其中:T ——总传递函数 n t ——第n 条前向通路得传递函数; ?——信号流图的特征式 3.系统的瞬态响应及误差分析 ①一阶系统传递函数的标准式()1 K G S TS = +, K 一般取1 ②二阶系统传递函数的标准式222 1 ().2n n n w G S k S w S w ζ=++; K 一般取1 ③2 1d n w w ζ=-;其中ζ为阻尼比,n w 为无阻尼自然频率,d w 为阻尼自然频率

机械工程控制基础实验

已知两个线性系统G(S)=2s+9/4s2+7s+2和G(S)=s+6/s2+7s+1,应用series函数进行系统的串联连接。 >> sys1=tf([2 9],[4 7 2]) >> sys2=tf([1 6],[1 7 1]) >> sys=series(sys1,sys2) sys = 2 s^2 + 21 s + 54 ---------------------------------- 4 s^4 + 3 5 s^3 + 55 s^2 + 21 s + 2 例1-4 已知两个线性系统G(S)=2s+9/4s2+7s+2和G(S)=s+6/s2+7s+1,应用parallel函数进行系统的并联连接。 >> sys1=tf([2 9],[4 7 2]) >> sys2=tf([1 6],[1 7 1]) >> sys=parallel(sys1,sys2) sys= 6 s^3 + 54 s^2 + 109 s + 21 ---------------------------------- 4 s^4 + 3 5 s^3 + 55 s^2 + 21 s + 2 例1-5 已知线性系统G(S)=2s+9/2s2+6s+5 应用feedback函数进行系统的单位正反馈和负反馈连接。 正反馈 >> sys1=tf([2 9],[2 6 5]) >> sys=feedback(sys1,1,1) sys = 2 s + 9 --------------- 2 s^2 + 4 s - 4 负反馈 >> sys1=tf([2 9],[2 6 5]) >> sys=feedback(sys1,1,-1)

历年机械工程控制基础试题及答案

全国2002年10月自学考试机械工程控制基础试卷 一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案,并将其号码填在题干的括号内。每小题1.5分,共30分) 1.控制工程主要研究并解决的问题之一是( ) A.系统已定,输入不确定,求系统的输出 B.系统已定,输入已知,求系统的输出(响应) C.系统已定,规定系统的输入 D.系统不定,输入已知,求出系统的输出(响应) 2.f(t)如图所示 则L [f(t)]为( ) A.s 1e -2t B. s 2e -2s C. s 1e -2s D. s 1 e -ts 3.已知F(s)=1) s(s 1 ,则L -1 [F(s)]为( )

4.已知F(s)=L [f(t)],若F(s)= 1 2s s 1 2++,则f(t)|t ∞→=?( ) A.21 B.1 C.3 1 D.0 5.下列系统中为线性系统的微分模型为:( ) A.dt ) t (dx )t (x )dt )t (dx ( 12dt )t (x d 16 i 020202=++ B.)t (x )t (x 24dt ) t (dx 12 dt )t (x d 16i 002 02=++ C.)t (x )t (x 24dt ) t (dx 12 )dt )t (x d ( 16i 0022 02=++ D.)t (x )t (x )t ln(24dt ) t (dx 12 e dt )t (x d 16 i 00t 2 02=?+?+ 6.对于定常控制系统来说,( ) A.表达系统的微分方程各项系数不随时间改变 B.微分方程的各阶微分项的幂为1 C.不能用微分方程表示 D.系统总是稳定的 7.系统方框图如图所示,则系统的闭环传递函数为( ) A. G(S)H(S) 1 G(S)H(S)+ B. G(S) -1 H(S)G(S)?

【全国自考历年真题10套】00831英语语法2014年4月至2019年4月试题

绝密★考试结束前 全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试 英语语法试题 课程代码:00831 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。 选择题部分 注意事项: 1.答题前,考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2.每小题选出答案后,用2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分) Choose the best answer from the choices given and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. 1. How many ______ are there in the word “monotonous”? A. o B. oes C. o’s D. os 2. Do you think there’s any possibility of arriving at the gym by ______ bus and still having the time to play ______ basketball together? A./; / B. a; the C. the; / D./; the 3. Today, Mary learned in ______ school how to behave well at ______ table. A. the; / B./; / C. the; the D./; the 4. Listen, Diana. I don’t care if you ______ the bus this morning. But you ______ late for too many times. You're fired. A. have missed; came B. would miss; have come C. missed; have come D. are missing; came 5. It so happened that Mary’s car ______when Jack went to borrow it. A. repaired B. was being repaired C. was repaired D. had repaired

《机械工程控制基础》实验指导书

《机械工程控制基础》实验指导书 工程与技术系 二O一一年四月

目录 实验一时间特性的计算机求解 (1) 实验二频率特性计算机求解 (3) 实验三系统稳定性分析 (5) 实验四系统稳态误差的计算 (7)

实验一 时间特性的计算机求解 一、 实验目的 1. 使用matlab 程序语言描述一阶二阶系统的时间响应。 2. 观察系统在单位阶跃信号、单位脉冲信号作用下的输出,并分析其动态性能。 二、 实验设备 计算机及matlab 仿真软件 三、 实验的内容 1. 使用matlab 程序语言描述一阶系统单位阶跃型号下的的时间响应 (1)程序语言: num=[01......,b b b m m -]; den=[01......,a a a n n -]; step(num,den) (2)求解实例: 求解一阶系统1 21 )(+=s s G 单位阶跃响应 num=[1]; den=[2 1]; step(num,den) 响应曲线如图所示:

2. 使用matlab 程序语言描述二阶系统单位阶跃型号下的的时间响应 (1)程序语言: num=[2 n ω]; den=[ 22 12)n n ξωω(]; step(num,den) (2)求解实例: 求解二阶系统4 6.14 )(2 ++=s s s G 单位阶跃响应 num=[4]; den=[1 1.6 4]; step(num,den) 响应曲线如图所示: 四、实验报告要求 使用matlab 程序语言下列一阶和二阶系统单位阶跃信号下的的时间响应,并确定影响系统快速性和稳定性的性能指标 (1)1 31 )(+= s s G (2)1000 5.341000 )(2 ++=s s s G

05年4月自考英语语法试题及答案已校

2005年4月全国高等教育自学考试英语语法试题 一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分) Chose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter in the blank. 1. The task force is supposed_____. A. to be getting reinforced B. that to be getting reinforced C. to being got reinforced D. that been got reinforced 2. He muffled his voice to avoid_____. A. having been identified B. to be identified C. identified D. being identified 3._____, I would call him in advance. A. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you 4. The company encourages _____ uniforms. A. to wear B. wears C. wearing D. have worn 5. What is _____ story you have ever heard? A. funnier B. a funniest C. the funnier D. the funniest 6. You may take an oral or written exam _____ you prefer. A. according as B. according to C. if D. whether 7. The Tower of London, _____ so many people lost their lives, is now a tourist attraction. A. which B. there C. where D. from it 8. Pride and prejudice _____ never failed to characterize the aristocracy. A. had B. has C. have D. are 9. Not only the players and the coach but also the referee _____ responsible for the defeat. A. were B. was C. is D. are 10. How often _____ your car _____? I think it ought _____ twice a week at least. A. is … washed, to be washed B. is … washed, to wash C. is … washed, to have washed D. has … been washed, to be washed 11. The noise of the desks _____ could be heard out in the street. A. having been opened and closed B. opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to be opened and closed 12. I had hoped that Jennifer _____ a doctor, but she was not good at medicine. A. will become B. become C. would become D. becomes 13. Most people enjoy _____. A. to flatter B. to be flattered C. flattering D. being flattered 14. Congratulations on _____ to the university. A. having admitted B. being admitted C. admitting D. have admitted 15. As we went _____ in our investigation of the case, we had more evidence of a political conspiracy. A. far B. farther C. further D. farthest 16. _____ his immense fortune, he died a most unhappy man. A. Although B. With all C. With D. Because of 17. He takes no interest in studies; _____, he plays tennis all day. A. in short B. instead C. anyhow D. still 18. The factory was burned down last night; _____ many workmen were thrown out of employment. A. for this sake B. on that account C. in that case D. unfortunately 19. The old _____ usually self-conceited as age sometimes does tell. A. is B. will be C. are to be D. are 20. There _____ a tall building, several tennis courts and lots of non-deciduous trees on the center of the area. A. is B. are C. stand D. appears 二、选择填空题(本大题共6小题,每小题2分,共12分)

机械工程控制基础知识点汇总

机械工程控制基础知识点 ●控制论的中心思想:它抓住一切通讯和控制系统所共有的特点,站在一个更概括的理论高度揭示了它们的共同本质,即通过信息的传递、加工处理和反馈来进行控制。 机械工程控制论:是研究机械工程技术为对象的控制论问题。(研究系统及其输入输出三者的动态关系)。 机械控制工程主要研究并解决的问题:(1)当系统已定,并且输入知道时,求出系统的输出(响应),并通过输出来研究系统本身的有关问题,即系统分析。(2)当系统已定,且系统的输出也已给定,要确定系统的输入应使输出尽可能符合给定的最佳要求,即系统的最佳控制。(3)当输入已知,且输出也是给定时,确定系统应使得输出金肯符合给定的最佳要求,此即●最优设计。(4)当系统的输入与输出均已知时,求出系统的结构与参数,即建立系统的数学模型,此即系统识别或系统辨识。(5)当系统已定,输出已知时,以识别输入或输入中得有关信息,此即滤液与预测。 ●信息:一切能表达一定含义的信号、密码、情报和消息。 信息传递/转换:是指信息在系统及过程中以某种关系动态地传递。 信息的反馈:是把一个系统的输出信号不断直接地或经过中间变换后全部或部分地返回,再输入到系统中去。如果反馈回去的讯号(或作用)与原系统的输入讯号(或作用)的方向相反(或相位相差180度)则称之为“负反馈”;如果方向或相位相同,则称之为“正反馈”。 ●系统:是指完成一定任务的一些部件的组合。 控制系统:是指系统的输出,能按照要求的参考输入或控制输入进行调节的。 开环系统:系统的输出量对系统无控制作用,或者说系统中无反馈回路的。闭环系统:系统的输出量对系统有控制作用,或者说,系统中存在反馈的回路。

《机械工程控制基础》教学大纲

机械工程控制基础课程教学大纲 一、课程名称 机械工程控制基础Cybernetics Foundation for Mechanical Engineering 学时:40 二、授课对象 机械类各专业 三、先修课程 复变函数、积分变换 四、课程的性质、目标与任务 本课程侧重原理,其内容密切结合工程实际,是一门专业基础课。它是控制论为理论基础,以机械工程系统为研究对象的广义系统动力学;同时,它又是一种方法论。学习本课程的目的在于使学生能以动力学的观点而不是静态观点去看待一个机械工程系统;从整体的而不是分离的角度,从整个系统中的信息之传递、转换和反馈等角度来分析系统的动态行为;能结合工程实际,应用经典控制论中的基本概念和基本方法来分析、研究和解决其中的问题。这包括两个方面:①对机电系统中存在的问题能够以控制论的观点和思维方法进行科学分析,以找出问题的本质和有效的解决方法;②如何控制一个机电系统,使之按预定的规律运动,以达到预定的技术经济指标,为实现最佳控制打下基础。 五、课程的基本要求 1.对于建立机电系统的数学模型,有关数学工具(如Laplace变换等)的应用,传递函数与方框图的求取、简化与演算等,应有清楚的基本概念并能熟练掌握。 2.对于典型系统的时域和频域特性,应有清楚的基本概念并能熟练掌握。 3.掌握判别线性系统稳定性的基本概念和常用判据。 4.对于线性系统的性能指标有较全面的认识,了解并掌握系统的综合与校正的常用方法。 5.了解线性离散系统和非线性系统的基本概念和基本的分析方法。 6.对系统辩识问题应建立基本概念。 六、教学内容与学时分配 授课学时为40学时,实验8学时;复习、做习题、写实验报告等课外学时为50学时以上。

机械工程控制基础试题 (1)

一、填空题(20分) 1、系统的稳态误差与输入信号的形式及系统的结构和参数或系统的开环传递函数有关。 2、对于一个自动控制系统的性能要求可以概括为三个方面:稳定性、快速性和精确或准确性。 3、传递函数的定义是对于线性定常系统,在初始条件为零的条件下,系统输出量的拉氏变换与输入量的拉氏变换之比。 4、传递函数的组成与输入、输出信号无关,仅仅决定于系统本身的结构和参数,并且只适于零初始条件下的线性定常系统。 5、判别系统稳定性的出发点是系统特征方程的根必须为负实根或负实部的复数根,即系统的特征根必须全部在复平面的左半平面是系统稳定的充要条件。 6、频率响应是系统对正弦输入稳态响应,频率特性包括幅频和相频两种特性。 7、系统的性能指标按其类型可分为时域性能指标,频域性能指标,综合性能指标。 8、用频率法研究控制系统时,采用的图示法分为极坐标图示法和对数坐标_图示法。 9、系统稳定的充要条件是:系统的全部特征根都具有负实部。 10、对广义系统,按反馈情况可分为开环系统、闭环系统。

选择题(20分) 1、拉氏变换将时间函数变换成 ( D ) A .正弦函数 B .单位阶跃函数 C .单位脉冲函数 D .复变函数 2、微分环节的频率特性相位移θ(ω)= ( A ) A. 90° B. -90° C. 0° D. -180° 3、设系统的传递函数为G(s)=25 525 2 ++s s ,则系统的阻尼比为 ( C ) A.25 B. 5 C. 2 1 D. 1 4、正弦函数sin t ω的拉氏变换是 ( B ) A. ω+s 1 B.2 2s ω+ω C.22s s ω+ D. 2 2s 1ω + 5、比例环节的频率特性相位移θ(ω)= ( C ) A.90° B.-90° C.0° D.-180° 6、一阶系统的阶跃响应, ( D ) A.当时间常数T 较大时有振荡 B.当时间常数T 较小时有振荡 C.有振荡 D.无振荡 7、系统特征方程式的所有根均在根平面的左半部分是系统稳定的 ( C ) A.充分条件 B.必要条件 C.充分必要条件 D.以上都不是 8、时域分析法研究自动控制系统时最常用的典型输入信号是 ( D ) A .脉冲函数 B .斜坡函数 C .抛物线函数 D .阶跃函数 9、令线性定常系统传递函数的分母多项式为零,则可得到系统的 ( B ) A .代数方程 B .特征方程 C .差分方程 D .状态方程 10、线性定常系统的传递函数,是在零初始条件下 ( D ) A .系统输出信号与输入信号之比 B .系统输入信号与输出信号之比 C .系统输入信号的拉氏变换与输出信号的拉氏变换之比 D .系统输出信号的拉氏变换与输入信号的拉氏变换之比

自考 英语语法复习题

自学考试 英语语法复习题 单项选择题 Choose the best answer from the choices given. 1. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _______ when he _____ at the party. A. left; had arrived B. left; arrived C. had left; had arrived D. had left; arrived 2. By the time he was twelve, Edison_____ to make a living by himself. A. wouldn?t begin B. has begun C. had begun D. was begun 3. He ____ his leg when he ______ in a football match against another school. A. broke; played B. was breaking; was playing C. broke; was playing D. was breaking; played 4. The students ____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _____ in the office. A. had written; left B. were writing; has left C. had written; had left D. were writing; had left 5. Hello, I ____ you ____ in London. How long have you been here? A. don?t know; were B. hadn?t known; are C. haven?t known; were D. didn?t know; are 6. She can?t help ___ of her son. A. thinking B. to think C. to be thought D. have thought 7. The room was empty ___ a few chairs. A. except B. except for C. besides D. besides for 8. Four plus three ___ seven. A. equals B. equaled C. equaling D. equal 9. I?d rather that he ___ it blue. A. painted B. paint C. paints D. painting 10. The Browns ___ moving away on Saturday. A. is B. are C. will be D. has been 11. She said that it ___ snow. A. may B. can C. should D. might 12. Amy and her cousin just bought two new ___ coats. A. winters B. winter?s C. winters? D. winter 13. Today was ___ beautiful day that I couldn?t just keep myself indoors. A. a such B. such a C. a so D. so a 14. There is no decision ___ on your application. A. still B. so far C. yet D. thus far 15. I would appreciate ___ it a secret. A. that you keep B. you to keep C. your keeping D. that you will keep 16. Invite them only on those occasions ____ their late arrival will not cause you inconvenience. A. when B. that C. where D. which

《机械工程控制基础》实验报告

《机械工程控制基础》 实验报告 班级: 学号: 姓名:

一、实验目的: (1)掌握MATLAB 和SIUMLINK 在控制工程领域中的基本应用。 (2)了解一阶系统和二阶系统的对典型输入的响应波形和系统的频率特性。 二、实验设备及仪器: 计算机,MATLAB6软件一套; 三、实验内容: 1、以MATLAB 命令方式,绘制出下列传递函数的单位阶跃响应波形和BODE 和Nyuist 图。 (1)G1=1/s 单位阶跃响应波形图 BODE 图 Nyquist 图 (2)G2=1/(0.5s+1) 单位阶跃响应波形图 BODE 图

Nyquist图 (3)G3=s 因为传递函数中分母s的阶数高于分子s阶数,所以没有单位阶跃波形图。 BODE图Nyquist图 (4)G4=0.5 s + 1 因为传递函数中分母s的阶数高于分子s阶数,所以没有单位阶跃波形图。 BODE图Nyquist图

(5)G5=1/(s^2 + 1.4 s + 1) 单位阶跃响应波形图BODE图 Nyquist图 (6)g6=(0.5 s + 1)/(s^2 + 1.4 s + 1) 单位阶跃响应波形图BODE图 Nyquist图

2、利用SIMULINK对下图所示系统建立控制系统模型,并对输入为单位阶跃信号和正弦信号时进行系统输出仿真。 单位阶跃: 正弦信号: 3、利用MATLAB,求出下边传递函数的单位阶跃响应,完成下表并总结规律。 传递函数:G(s)=1/(τs+l) τ=0.1 τ=1

τ=5 τ=10 τ=50 规律总结:惯性环节的输入响应不能立即稳定,存在时间上的延迟,时间常数愈大惯性愈大,延迟时间愈长,时间常数表征该环节的惯性,同时上升时间与时间常数成正比。

机械工程控制基础考试题完整版(1)

控制基础 填空题(每空1分,共20分) 1. 线性控制系统最重要的特性是可以应用___叠加__原理,而非线性控制系统则不能。 2.反馈控制系统是根据输入量和__反馈量__的偏差进行调节的控制系统。 3.在单位斜坡输入信号作用下,0型系统的稳态误差e ss =__∞___。 4.当且仅当闭环控制系统特征方程的所有根的实部都是__负数__时,系统是稳定的。 5.方框图中环节的基本连接方式有串联连接、并联连接和__反馈 _连接。 6.线性定常系统的传递函数,是在_ 初始条件为零___时,系统输出信号的拉氏变换与输入信号的拉氏变换的比。 7.函数te -at 的拉氏变换为2)(1 a s +。 8.线性定常系统在正弦信号输入时,稳态输出与输入的相位移随频率而变化的函数关系称为__相频特性__。 9.积分环节的对数幅频特性曲线是一条直线,直线的斜率为__-20__dB /dec 。 10.二阶系统的阻尼比ξ为 _ 0_ 时,响应曲线为等幅振荡。 11.在单位斜坡输入信号作用下,Ⅱ型系统的稳态误差e ss =__0__。 12.0型系统对数幅频特性低频段渐近线的斜率为___0___dB/dec ,高度为20lgKp 。

13.单位斜坡函数t 的拉氏变换为 21 s 。 14. 根据系统输入量变化的规律,控制系统可分为__恒值__控制系统、 ___随动___ 控制系统和程序控制系统。 15. 对于一个自动控制系统的性能要求可以概括为三个方面:稳定性、 __快速性__和准确性。 16. 系统的传递函数完全由系统的结构和参数决定,与__输入量、扰 动量__的形式无关。 17. 决定二阶系统动态性能的两个重要参数是阻尼系数ξ和_无阻尼 自然振荡频率w n 。 18. 设系统的频率特性G(j ω)=R(ω)+jI(ω),则幅频特性|G(j ω)|=)()(22w I w R +。 19. 分析稳态误差时,将系统分为0型系统、I 型系统、II 型系统…, 这是按开环传递函数的__积分__环节数来分类的。 20. 线性系统稳定的充分必要条件是它的特征方程式的所有根均在复平面的___左___部分。 21.ω从0变化到+∞时,惯性环节的频率特性极坐标图在____第四 ____象限,形状为___半___圆。 22. 用频域法分析控制系统时,最常用的典型输入信号是_正弦函数_。 23.二阶衰减振荡系统的阻尼比ξ的范围为10<<ξ。 24.G(s)=1 +Ts K 的环节称为___惯性__环节。 25.系统输出量的实际值与_输出量的希望值__之间的偏差称为误差。 26.线性控制系统其输出量与输入量间的关系可以用___线性微分__

2014年全国自考英语语法试题

全国2014年4月自学考试英语语法试题 课程代码:00831 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。 选择题部分 注意事项: 1.答题前,考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2.每小题选出答案后,用2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分) Choose the best answer from the choices given and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. 1. How many ______ are there in the word “monotonous”? A. o B. oes C. o’s D. os 2. Do you think there’s any possibility of arriving at the gym by ______ bus and sti ll having the time to play ______ basketball together? A./; / B. a; the C. the; / D./; the 3. Today, Mary learned in ______ school how to behave well at ______ table. A. the; / B./; / C. the; the D./; the 4. Listen, Diana. I don’t care if you ______ the bus this morning. But you ______ late for too many times. You’re fired. A. have missed; came B. would miss; have come C. missed; have come D. are missing; came 5. It so happened that Mary’s car ______when Jack went to borrow it. A. repaired B. was being repaired C. was repaired D. had repaired 6. The president thought it essential that the university ______ general education as a foundation for students’ future development. A. stresses B. stress C. stressed D. would stress 7. ______ it not for water, this world would be a lifeless place. A. Were B. If C. Was D. Had 8. You ______ driven 70 miles an hour. Now tell me what we shall do with this speeding ticket? A. needn’t have B. couldn’t have C. mustn’t have D. shouldn’t have 9. He admitted ______ in love with the girl, but felt too shy to even meet her. A. to fall B. fell C. falling D. fallen 10. Did you see a middle-aged man with a scar on his face ______ the street just now? A. crossed B. cross C. crossing D. has crossed

机械工程控制基础实验报告

机械工程控制基础实验报告 班级:072104-22 姓名:李威 学号:20101003439

实验一 (一) 利用Matlab 进行时域分析: (1) 用Matlab 求系统时间响应: 设系统的传递函数为 G(s)= 50 )501(05.050 2 +++s s τ 求该系统在时间常数τ不同取值时的单位脉冲响应、单位阶跃响应。 令τ=0、τ=0.0125、τ=0.025,应用impulse 函数,可以得到系统单位脉冲响应; 应用step 函数,同样可以得到系统单位阶跃响应。文本中tao 即为τ,所用Matlab 文本及响应曲线如下: 00.2 0.40.60.8 -10 -50510 152025 t(sec) x (t ) 00.2 0.40.60.8 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 t(sec) x (t ) (1)单位脉冲响应曲线 (2)单位阶跃响应曲线 t=[0:0.01:0.8] % nG=[50]; tao=0;dG=[0.05 1+50*tao 50];G1=tf(nG ,dG); tao=0.0125;dG=[0.05 1+50*tao 50];G2=tf(nG ,dG); tao=0.025;dG=[0.05 1+50*tao 50];G3=tf(nG ,dG); % [y1,T]=impulse(G1,t);[y1a,T]=step(G1,t); [y2,T]=impulse(G2,t);[y2a,T]=step(G2,t); [y3,T]=impulse(G3,t);[y3a,T]=step(G3,t);

机械工程控制基础期末测试题

一、 填空题(每空1分,共20分) 1. 传递函数的定义是对于线性定常系统,在初始条件为零的条件下,系统输出量的拉氏变换与输入量的拉氏变换之比。 2. 瞬态响应是系统受到外加作用激励后,从初始状态到最终或稳定状态的响应过程。 3. 判别系统稳定性的出发点是系统特征程的根必须为负实根或负实部的复数根,即系统的特征根必须全部在复平面的左半平面是系统稳定的充要条件。 4. I 型系统G s K s s ()() = +2在单位阶跃输入下,稳态误差为 0 ,在单位加速度 输入下,稳态误差为 ∞ 。 5. 频率响应是系统对正弦输入稳态响应,频率特性包括幅频和相频两种特性。 6. 如果系统受扰动后偏离了原工作状态,扰动消失后,系统能自动恢复到原来的工作状态,这样的系统是(渐进)稳定的系统。 7. 传递函数的组成与输入、输出信号无关,仅仅决定于系统本身的结构和参数,并且只适于零初始条件下的线性定常系统。 8. 系统的稳态误差与输入信号的形式及系统的结构和参数或系统的开环传递函数有关。 9. 如果在系统中只有离散信号而没有连续信号,则称此系统为离散(数字)控制系统,其输入、输出关系常用差分程来描述。 10. 反馈控制系统开环对数幅频特性三频段的划分是以ωc (截止频率)附近的区段为中频段,该段着重反映系统阶跃响应的稳定性和快速性;而低频段主要表明系统的稳 1. 对控制系统的基本要求一般可以归纳为稳定性、快速性 和准确性。

2. 按系统有无反馈,通常可将控制系统分为 开环控制系统 和 闭环控制系统 。 3. 在控制工程基础课程中描述系统的数学模型有微分程 、传递函数等。 4. 稳态误差反映出稳态响应偏离系统希望值的程度,它用来衡量系统控制精度的程度。 5. 一阶系统 1 1 Ts +的单位阶跃响应的表达是/1t T e --。 6. 有系统的性能指标按照其类型分为时域性能指标和频域性能指标。 7. 频率响应是线性定常系统对正弦输入的稳态响应。 8. 稳态误差不仅取决于系统自身的结构参数,而且与输入信号的类型有关。 9. 脉冲信号可以用来反映系统的抗冲击能力。 10. 阶跃信号的拉氏变换是 1/s 。 二.如图2为电路。求输入电压i u 与输出电压0u 之间的微分程,并求出该电路的传递函数。(10分) 图2 解答:跟据电压定律得 R u 0 u i L C u 0 u i (a) (b) (c) 00220022 1 1()i i u dt u u RC d u du d u dt RC dt dt RCs G s +=+== ?

机械工程控制基础知识点整合

第一章绪论 1、控制论的中心思想、三要素和研究对象。 中心思想:通过信息的传递、加工处理和反馈来进行控制。 三要素:信息、反馈与控制。 研究对象:研究控制系统及其输入、输出三者之间的动态关系。 2、反馈、偏差及反馈控制原理。 反馈:系统的输出信号部分或全部地返回到输入端并共同作用于系统的过程称为反馈。 偏差:输出信号与反馈信号之差。 反馈控制原理:检测偏差,并纠正偏差的原理。 3、反馈控制系统的基本组成。 控制部分:给定环节、比较环节、放大运算环节、执行环节、反馈(测量)环节 被控对象 基本变量:被控制量、给定量(希望值)、控制量、扰动量(干扰) 4、控制系统的分类 1)按反馈的情况分类 a、开环控制系统:当系统的输出量对系统没有控制作用,即系统没有反馈回路时,该系 统称开环控制系统。 特点:结构简单,不存在稳定性问题,抗干扰性能差,控制精度低。 b、闭环控制系统:当系统的输出量对系统有控制作用时,即系统存在反馈回路时,该系 统称闭环控制系统。 特点:抗干扰性能强,控制精度高,存在稳定性问题,设计和构建较困难,成本高。 2)按输出的变化规律分类 自动调节系统 随动系统 程序控制系统 3)其他分类 线性控制系统连续控制系统 非线性控制系统离散控制系统 5、对控制系统的基本要求 1)系统的稳定性:首要条件 是指动态过程的振荡倾向和系统能够恢复平衡状态的能力。 2)系统响应的快速性 是指当系统输出量与给定的输出量之间产生偏差时,消除这种偏差的能力。 3)系统响应的准确性(静态精度) 是指在调整过程结束后输出量与给定的输入量之间的偏差大小。

第二章系统的数学模型 1、系统的数学模型:描述系统、输入、输出三者之间动态关系的数学表达式。 时域的数学模型:微分方程;时域描述输入、输出之间的关系。→单位脉冲响应函数复数域的数学模型:传递函数;复数域描述输入、输出之间的关系。 频域的数学模型:频率特性;频域描述输入、输出之间的关系。 2、线性系统与非线性系统 线性系统:可以用线性方程描述的系统。 重要特性是具有叠加原理。 3、系统微分方程的列写 4、非线性系统的线性化 5、传递函数的概念: 1)定义:初始状态为零时,输出的拉式变换与输入的拉氏变换之比。即 G(s) =Y(s)/X(s) 2)特点: (a)传递函数反映系统固有特性,与外界无关。 (b)传递函数的量纲取决于输入输出的性质,同性质的物理量无量纲;不同性质的物理量有量纲,为两者的比值。 (c)不同的物理系统可以有相似的传递函数,传递函数不反映系统的真实的物理结构。(d)传递函数的分母为系统的特征多项式,令分母等于零为系统的特征方程,其解为特征根。 (e)传递函数与单位脉冲响应函数互为拉氏变换与拉氏反变换的关系。

相关主题