Samuel Butler勃特勒简介

Samuel Butler勃特勒简介

1835-1902 The Way of All Flesh如此人生;Erewhon埃瑞璜;Erewhon Revisited重游埃瑞璜Introduction

born , Dec. 4, 1835, Langar Rectory, Nottinghamshire, Eng.

died June 18, 1902, London

English novelist, essayist, and critic whose satire Erewhon (1872) foreshadowed the collapse of the Victorian illusion of eternal progress. The Way of All Flesh (1903), his autobiographical novel, is generally considered his masterpiece.

Butler was the son of the Reverend Thomas Butler and grandson of Samuel Butler, headmaster of Shrewsbury School and later bishop of Lichfield. After six years at Shrewsbury, the young Samuel went to St. John's College, Cambridge, and was graduated in 1858. His father wished him to be a clergyman, and young Butler actually went as far as to do a little “slumming” in a London parish by way of preparation for holy orders. But the whole current of his highly independent and heretical nature was carrying him away from everything his father stood for: home, church, and Christianity itself—or what Christianity had appeared to mean at Langar Rectory. Butler returned to Cambridge and continued his musical studies and drawing, but after an unpleasant altercation（争论;争吵） with his father he left Cambridge, the church, and home and emigrated to New Zealand, where (with funds advanced by his father) he set up a sheep run in the Canterbury settlement.

When Darwin's Origin of Species (1859) came into his hands soon after his arrival in New Zealand, it took him by storm; he became “one of Mr. Darwin's many enthusiastic admirers,” and a year or two later he told a friend that he had renounced Christianity altogether. Yet, as it proved, Christianity had by no means finished with him. For the next 25 years it was upon religion and evolution that Butler's attention was mainly fixed. At first he welcomed Darwinism because it enabled him to do without God (or rather, without his father's God). Later, having found a God of his own, he rejected Darwinism itself because it left God out. Thus, he antagonized both the church and the orthodox Darwinians and spent his life as a lonely outsider, or as Butler called himself after the biblical outcast, “an Ishmael（1. (圣经中的)以实玛利2. 被唾弃的人;社会公敌）.” To the New Zealand Press he contributed several articles on Darwinian topics, of which two—“Darwin Among the Machines” (1863) and “Lucubratio Ebria” (1865)—were later worked up in Erewhon. Both show him already grappling with the central problem of his later thought: the relationship between mechanism and life. In the former he tries out the consequences of regarding machines as living organisms competing with man in the struggle for existence. In the “Lucubratio” he takes the

opposite view that machines are extracorporeal（身体外面的） limbs and that the more of these a man can tack on to himself the more highly evolved an organism he will be.

Having doubled his capital in New Zealand, Butler returned to England (1864) and took the apartment in Clifford's Inn, London, which was to be his home for the rest of his life. In 1865 his Evidence for the Resurrection of Jesus Christ...Critically Examined appeared anonymously. For a few years he studied painting at Heatherley's art school and tried to convince himself that this was his vocation. Until 1876 he exhibited occasionally at the Royal Academy. One of his oil paintings, “Mr. Heatherley's Holiday” (1874), is in the Tate Gallery, London, and his “Family Prayers,” in which the ethos of Langar Rectory is satirically conveyed, is at St. John's College, Cambridge. Later he tried his hand at musical composition, publishing Gavottes, Minuets, Fugues and Other Short Pieces for the Piano (1885), and Narcissus, a comic cantata（康塔塔(意译为清唱套曲)(Cantata)是一种包括独唱、重唱、合唱的声乐套曲，一般包含一个以上的乐章，大都有管弦乐

伴奏，与中国的大合唱体裁特点十分相近，因而一度被误译为大合唱） in the style of Handel—whom he rated high above all other composers—in 1888; Ulysses: An Oratorio appeared in 1904. It was typical of Butler to use his native gifts and mother wit in such exploits, and even in literature, his rightful territory, much of his work is that of the shrewd amateur who sets out to sling pebbles at the Goliaths（[g?'la??θ]巨人;大亨;庞然大物） of

the establishment. “I have never,” he said, “written on any subject unless I believed that the authorities on it were hop elessly wrong”; hence his assault on the citadels of orthodox Darwinism and orthodox Christianity; hence, later, his attempt to prove that the Odyssey was written in Sicily by a woman (The Authoress of the Odyssey, 1897); and hence his new interpretation of Shakespeare's sonnets (Shakespeare's Sonnets Reconsidered, and in Part Rearranged, 1899).

Erewhon(1872) made whatever reputation as a writer Butler enjoyed in his lifetime; it was the only one of his many books on which he made any profit worth mentioning, and he only made ￡69 3s. 10d. on that. Yet Erewhon(“nowhere” rearranged) was received by many as the best thing of its kind since Gulliver's Travels—that is to say, as a satire on contemporary life and thought conveyed by the time-honoured convention of travel in an imaginary country. The opening chapters, based upon Butler's recollections of the upper Rangitoto（in Auckland火山岛貌似休眠火山需要乘大约30分钟的船才可以到达, 因为这座火山是在海里的, 是一座小孤岛, 中文名叫"孤城岛",岛上到处都是火山石和蕨类

植物） Mountains in New Zealand, are in an excellent narrative style; and a description of the hollow statues at the top of the pass, vibrating in the wind with unearthly chords, makes a highly effective transition to the strange land beyond. The landscape and people of Erewhon are idealized from northern Italy; its institutions are partly utopian and partly satiric inversions of our own world. Butler's two main themes, relig ion and evolution, appear respectively in “The Musical Banks” (churches) and in chapters called “Some Erewhonian Trials” and “The Book of the Machines.” The Erewhonians have long ago abolished machines as dangerous competitors in the struggle for existence, and by punishing disease as a crime they have produced a race of great physical beauty and strength.

The Fair Haven (1873) is an ironical defense of Christianity, which under the guise of orthodox zeal undermines its miraculous foundations. Butler was dogged all through life by the sense of having been bamboozled by those who should have been his betters; he had been taken in by his parents and their religion; he was taken in again by friends, who returned neither the money nor the friendship they accepted from Butler for years; life itself, and the world, sometimes seemed to him a hollow sham. Was Darwin himself, his saviour from the world of Langar Rectory, now to prove a fraud as well? This was the suspicion that dawned upon him while writing Life and Habit (1878) and envenomed the series of evolutionary books that followed: Evolution, Old and New (1879), Unconscious Memory (1880), and Luck or Cunning (1887). Darwin had not really explained evolution at all, Butler reasoned, because he had not accounted for the variations on which natural selection worked. Where Darwin saw only chance, Butler saw the effort on the part of creatures to respond to felt needs. He conceived creatures as acquiring necessary habits (and organs to perform them) and transmitting these to their offspring as unconscious memories. He thus restored teleology to a world from which purpose had been excluded by Darwin, but instead of attributing the purpose to God he placed it within the creatures themselves as the life force.

Many regard The Way of All Flesh, published in 1903, the year after Butler's death, as his masterpiece. It certainly contains much of the quintessence of Butlerism. This largely autobiographical novel tells, with ruthless wit, realism, and lack of sentiment, the story of Butler's escape from the suffocating moral atmosphere of his home circle. In it, the character Ernest Pontifex stands for Butler's early self and Overton for his mature self; Theobald and Christina are his parents; Towneley and Alethea represent “nice” people who “love God” in Butler's special sense of having “good health, good looks, good sense, experience, and a fair balance of cash in hand.” The book was influential at the beginning of the anti-Victorian reaction and helped turn the tide against excessive parental dominance and religious rigidity.

Basil Willey

Major Works

Topographical.（：[t?p?'gr?fikl]地志的;地形学的）

A First Year in Canterbury Settlement,1863 (ed. by R.A. Streatfield, with other early essays, 1914); Alps and Sanctuaries of Piedmont and the Canton Ticino,1882; Ex Voto: An Account of the Sacro Monte or New Jerusalem at Varallo-Sesia, 1888.

Satirical and theological.

The Evidence for the Resurrection of Jesus Christ, as Given by the Four Evangelists, Critically Examined,1865 (anon.); Erewhon; or, Over the Range,1872 (anon.); The Fair Haven, 1873; Erewhon Revisited, 1901; God the Known and God the Unknown, 1909.

Scientific. Life and Habit: An Essay After a Completer View of Evolution 1878; Evolution, Old and New, 1879; Unconscious Memory, 1880; Luck or Cunning as the Main Means of Organic Modification?, 1887.

Novel. The Way of All Flesh, 1903.

Miscellaneous.

A Lecture on the Humour of Homer, 1892; The Life and Letters of Dr. Samuel Butler,

2 vol., 1896; The Authoress of the Odyssey, 1897; The Iliad of Homer, Rendered into English Prose,1898; Shakespeare's Sonnets Reconsidered, and in Part Rearranged,1899; The Odyssey, Rendered into English Prose,1900; Essays on Life, Art and Science,1904; The Note-Books of Samuel Butler (ed. Henry Festing Jones), 1912.

Musical compositions. Gavottes, Minuets, Fugues and Other Short Pieces for the Piano,

1885 (in collaboration with Henry Festing Jones); Narcissus, 1888 (a comic cantata in the style of Handel); Ulysses: An Oratorio, 1904.

Additional Reading

The standard biography is Henry Festing Jones, Samuel Butler, Author of Erewhon (1835–1902): A Memoir, 2 vol. (1919, reprinted 1968). Other biographical studies are Malcolm Muggeridge, The Earnest Atheist: A Study of Samuel Butler (1936, reprinted 1971; also published as A Study of Samuel Butler, 1937), an attempt to debunk Butler's character and works; Philip Henderson, Samuel Butler, the Incarnate Bachelor (1953, reissued 1968), utilizing previously unpublished material; and Peter Raby, Samuel Butler (1991). Studies on different aspects of Butler as man and writer include P.N. Furbank, Samuel Butler, 1835–1902, 2nd ed. (1971); Elinor Shaffer, Erewhons of the Eye: Samuel Butler as Painter, Photographer, and Art Critic (1988), setting his interests in their context; and two brief introductions, Thomas L. Jeffers, Samuel Butler Revalued (1981); and Lee E. Holt, Samuel Butler, rev. ed. (1989). See also Hans-Peter Breuer and Roger Parsell (compilers and eds.), Samuel Butler: An Annotated Bibliography of Writings About Him (1990).

After Whistler:

the artist and his influence on American painting

This catalog accompanies an exhibition that opened in Atlanta's High Museum of Art and is now at the Detroit Institute of Arts through May 30. Part of a spate of books marking the centennial of the artist's death, it documents the broad influence this American expatriate painter and printmaker had on 38 later American artists. James A.M. Whistler (1834-1903) left the United States in 1855 and never returned, fashioning a successful and incendiary

（[?n's?nd?,?r?]放火的 2. 煽动的）career in Europe. Widely studied by younger American

artists in Europe after the Civil War, he became a mentor and inspiration to many of his compatriots. Although many of the artists whom Whistler influenced are familiar (e.g., John Singer Sargent, J.W. Alexander, William Merritt Chase), others among the three dozen artists represented in the exhibition (along with 14 paintings by Whistler) are less well known (and in some cases perhaps deservedly so). This book's team of curatorial（[,kjur?'tor??l] a.

1. 馆长的

2. 管理者的

3. 评议员的）and academic authors, among them former High Museum curator （馆长管理者评议员【律】监护人）Merrill, has produced an interesting and thoughtful group of essays. Although there is some overlap, this book is broader than Margaret MacDonald's recent Palaces in the Night: Whistler in Venice or Eric Denker's Whistler and His Circle in Venice. This work will appeal to both scholars and general readers interested in American art.-Jack Perry Brown, Art Inst. of Chicago Libs.

George Augustus Moore(24 February 1852 –21 January 1933) was an Irish novelist,

short-story writer, poet, art critic, memoirist and dramatist. Moore came from a Roman Catholic landed family who lived at Moore Hall in Carra, County Mayo.[1] He originally wanted to be a painter, and studied art in Paris during the 1870s. There, he befriended many of the leading French artists and writers of the day.

As a naturalistic writer, he was amongst the first English-language authors to absorb the lessons of the French realists, and was particularly influenced by the works of émile Zola.[2] His writings influenced James Joyce, according to the literary critic and biographer Richard Ellmann,[3] and, although Moore's work is sometimes seen as outside the mainstream of both Irish and British literature, he is as often regarded as the first great modern Irish novelist.

Esther Waters is a novel by George Moore first published in 1894

Set in England from the early 1870s onward, the novel is about a young, pious woman from a poor working class family who, while working as a kitchen maid, is seduced by another employee, becomes pregnant, is deserted by her lover, and against all odds decides to raise her child as a single mother. Esther Waters is one of a group of Victorian novels that depict the life of a "fallen woman".

Written in a Zola-like naturalistic style, the novel stands out among Moore's publications as the book whose immediate success, including Gladstone's approval of the novel in the Westminster Gazette[1], brought him financial security. Continuously revised by Moore (1899, 1917, 1920, 1931), it is often understood to be his best novel.

Esther Waters is dedicated to T. W. Rolleston.

Plot summary

Esther Waters is born to hard-working parents who are Plymouth Brethren in Barnstaple. Her father's premature death prompts her mother to move to London and marry again, but Esther's stepfather turns out to be a hard-drinking bully and wife-beater who forces Esther, a natural beauty, to leave school and go out to work instead, thus greatly reducing her chances of ever learning how to read and write, and Esther remains illiterate all her life.

Her first job ("situation") outside London is that of a kitchen maid with the Barfields, a nouveau riche family of horse breeders, horse racers and horse betters who live at Woodview near Shoreham. There she meets William Latch, a footman, and lets herself be seduced by him. Dreaming of a future with Latch, she is dismayed to find that he is having an affair with the Barfields' niece, who is staying at Woodview. After Latch and his lover have eloped together, Esther stays on at Woodview until she cannot hide her pregnancy any longer. Although she has found a kindred soul in Mrs Barfield, who is also a Plymouth Sister and abhors the betting on horses going on all around her,

Esther is dismissed ("I couldn't have kept you on, on account of the bad example to the younger servants") and reluctantly goes back to London.

With the little money she has saved, she can stay in a rented room out of her stepfather's sight. Her mother is pregnant with her eighth child and dies giving birth to it at the same time Esther is at Queen Charlotte's Hospital giving birth to a healthy boy she calls Jack. Still in confinement, she is visited by her oldest sister who asks her for money for her passage to Australia, where her whole family have decided to emigrate. Esther never hears of them again.

Learning that a young mother in her situation can make good money by becoming a wet nurse, Esther leaves her newborn son in the care of a baby farmer and nurses the weakly child of a wealthy woman ("Rich folk don't suckle their own") who, out of fear of infection, forbids Esther any contact with Jack. When, after two long weeks, she finally sees her son again, realizes that he is anything but prospering and even believes that his life might be in danger, she immediately takes him with her, terminates her employment without notice and then sees no other way than to "accept the shelter of the workhouse" for herself and Jack.

But Esther is lucky, and after only a few months can leave the workhouse again. She chances upon Mrs Lewis, a lonely widow living in East Dulwich who is both willing and able to raise her boy in her stead, while she herself goes into service again. However, she is not able to really settle down anywhere: either the work is so hard and the hours so long that, fearing for her health, she quits again; or she is dismissed when her employers find out about the existence of her illegitimate son, concluding that she is a "loose" woman who must not work in a respectable household. Later on, while hiding her son's existence, she is fired when the son of the house, in his youthful fervour, makes passes at her and eventually writes her a love letter she cannot read.

Another stroke of luck in her otherwise dreary life is her employment as general servant in West Kensington with Miss Rice, a novelist who is very sympathetic to her problems ("Esther could not but perceive the contrast between her own troublous life and the contented privacy of this slender little spinster's"). While working there, she makes the acquaintance of Fred Parsons, a Plymouth Brother and political agitator, who proposes to Esther at about the same time she bumps into William Latch again while on an errand for her mistress. Latch, who has amassed a small fortune betting on horses and as a bookmaker ("I am worth to-day close on three thousand pounds"), is the proprietor of a licensed public house in Soho and has separated from his adulterous wife, waiting for his marriage to be divorced. He immediately declares his unceasing love for Esther and urges her to live with him and work behind the bar of his pub. Esther realizes that she has arrived at a crossroads and that she must make up her mind between the sheltered, serene and religious life Parsons is offering her—which she is really longing for—and sharing the financially secure but turbulent existence of a successful small-time entrepreneur who, as she soon finds out, operates on both sides of the law. Eventually, for the sake of her son's future, she decides to go to Soho with Latch, and after his divorce has come through the couple get married.

A number of years of relative happiness follow. Jack, now in his teens, can be sent off to school, and Esther even has her own servant. But Latch is a gambler, and nothing can stop him from risking most of the money he has in the vague hope of gaining even more. Illegal betting is conducted in an upstairs private bar, but more and more also across the counter, until the police clamp down on his activities, his licence is revoked, and he has to pay a heavy fine. This coincides with Latch developing a chronic, sometimes bloody, cough, contracting pneumonia, and finally, in his mid-thirties, being diagnosed with tuberculosis("consumption"). However, rather than not touching what little money he still has for his wife and son's sake, the dying man puts everything on one horse, loses, and dies a few days later.

With Miss Rice also dead, Esther has no place to turn to and again takes on any menial work she can get hold of. Then she remembers Mrs Barfield, contacts her and, when asked to come to Woodview as her servant, gladly accepts while Jack, now old enough to earn his own living, stays behind in London. When she arrives there, Esther finds the once proud estate in a state of absolute disrepair, with Mrs Barfield the only inhabitant. Mistress and maid develop an increasingly intimate relationship with each other and, for the first time in their lives, can practise their religion unhindered. Looking back on her "life of trouble and strife," Esther, now about 40, says she has been able to fulfil her task—to see her boy "settled in life," and thus does not see any reason whatsoever to want to get married again. In the final scene of the novel, Jack, who has become a soldier, visits the two women at Woodview.

Henry Rider Haggard(1856―1925) 中文名：亨利·赖德·哈格德

《所罗门宝藏续集》Allan Quartermain 1887 Sequel to "King Solomon's Mines", this adventure story is about three men and their guide, who trek into remote Africa in search of a lost white race. Their perilous journey takes them to Zu-Vendis, a kingdom ruled by the beautiful twin sisters, Nyleptha and Sorais.

?《克莉奥帕特拉七世》Cleopatra 1889

?《她》She

?《艾伦和冰神》Allan and the Ice Gods

?《艾伦和圣花》Allan and the Holy Flower

?《艾伦的妻子》Allan’s Wife

?《所罗门宝藏的故事》Hunter Quatermain’s Story

?《幽灵王》The Ghost Kings

?《湖中宝藏》Treasure of the Lake

?《她和亚伦》She and Allan

?《远古的艾伦》The Ancient Allan

?《已完成》Finished

?《恶魔》Heu Heu

?《贝妮塔的非洲爱情故事》Benita, an African Romance

?《爱永恒》Love Eternal

?《所罗门王的宝藏》King Solomon’s Mines1885

?《暴风之子》Child of Storm

?《艾莎归来》Ayesha: The Return of She

King Solomon's Mines (1885)H. Rider Haggard 著

King Solomon's Mines tells of the search by Sir Henry Curtis, Captain John Good and the narrator, Allan Quatermain, for Sir Henry's younger brother George. He has been lost in the interior of Africa for two years in the quest for King Solomon's Mines,the legendary source of the biblical king's enormous riches. The three companions encounter fearful hardships, fierce warriors, mortal danger and the sinister and deadly witch Gagool.

In one of the finest adventure stories of its age, Quatermain, with touches of humour and great excitement, tells the tale of their struggle through unmapped Africa in pursuit of unimaginable

wealth.

Allan Quatermain is a hunter. Lions, elephants, antelope（羚羊）. Fearless, he is the best big-game hunter in South Africa. And he is about to embark on the most dangerous hunt of his career. His new employers, Sir Henry Curtis and Captain john Good, have a map--drawn by a dying Portuguese prospector. It reveals a route across the great desert, past a fearsome range of mountain, to the greatest treasure in all Africa--the lost diamond mines of King Solomon himself! Inspired by

true adventures, King Solomon's Mines is the unsurpassed classic of a journey into the unknown heart of the Dark Continent.

书摘

Henry Rider Haggard was born on june 22, l856, in Nor-folk, England. His parents had money enough to make fre-quent trips to Europe when he was young, and this must have contributed to his unquenchable thirst for travel.

When he was nineteen, his father, a lawyer and counry gentleman, got him a job working in south Africa as a secretary to the governor of Natal（Natal 1.纳塔尔natal 1.分娩的）,a British province.

Haggard spent the next several years in Africa at a point in history during which Great Britain, like several other European countries, was at its imperialistic peak, annexing（v. 附加,增添[(+to)] 2. 并吞,强占;合并3. 获得,得到 4. 把...作为附录）regions left and right. It was the time of the first Boer War(布尔战争(1899-1902年英国人与布尔人的战争)) and Britain's bloody war with the Zulus(南非的)祖鲁人, 主要分布在南非纳塔尔省). Haggard was right in the middle of

history-in-the-making.

In l877, he was appointed Master of the High Court at Pretoria, a new British territory. Tiring quickly of this position, though, in l879 he left his post to begin a life of ostrich farming-until the Dutch took over the region in l88l.

Haggard moved back to England with his new bride, Mariana Margiuon. After a false start as a

lawyer in l884, he decided to take up writing. His first two novels were not very successful, but on a dare (挑战)from his brother, he wrote a third. His brother bet him that he could not write a book as good or as popular as Treasure Island, Robert Louis Stevenson's best-selling adventure novel. Henry Rider won the bet, for in six weeks he wrote a novel that not only charmed the world but provided a new literary genre, the African adventure novel. Advertised as "the most amazing book ever written," it was called King Solomon's Mines.

亨利.赖格.哈格德（旧译哈葛德，1856―1925）生于英国诺福克郡，父亲是律师、乡绅。哈格德青少年时代受过私人教育，曾在伊鲁斯威奇中学读书，准备去英国外交部工作。19岁时到南非总督纳塔尔Natal

手下做事。在南非的经历为哈格德以后的写作提供了大量的素材。

回到英国后，哈格德曾试图当律师，但没有成功，于是他开始写作。1885年，他的探险故事《所罗门王的宝藏》问世，受到英国国内以及世界其它国家的读者的热烈欢迎，哈格德就此成名。接着他的《艾伦·夸特梅因》（1887）和《杰斯》（1887）也获成功。他的其它重要作品还包括《她》（1887）。《梅娃复仇记》（1888）。《克娄巴特拉》（1889）等。

1891年，哈格德的独生子去世了。孤寂与凄凉的心情并没有使哈格德停止写作。同时，他开始参加社会活动。1901年他考察了英国的农业状况，随后著《英格兰农村》（1902）。1912年他因社会公益活动而获英国骑士封号。

哈格德以他离奇的想象、丰富的阅历和对感觉准确的把握，进一步发展了由笛福、司格特以及费尼莫尔·库珀开创的探险故事这一文学形式。

哈格德擅长以历史事件为背景描写主人公惊险奇异的经历，使读者在熟悉的古老形式中体会到陌生、新鲜的感觉。哈格德认为对传奇故事而言关键是要有冒险味道，而故事是否有可能在生活中发生并不重要；此外，要充分发挥想象，巧妙运用偶然事件，有秩序地发展情节；要尽量造成大团圆结局。

STC89C52单片机详细介绍

STC89C52是一种带8K字节闪烁可编程可檫除只读存储器（FPEROM-Flash Programable and Erasable Read Only Memory ）的低电压，高性能COMOS8的微处理器，俗称单片机。该器件采用ATMEL 搞密度非易失存储器制造技术制造，与工业标准的MCS-51指令集和输出管脚相兼容。 单片机总控制电路如下图4—1： 图4—1单片机总控制电路 1.时钟电路 STC89C52内部有一个用于构成振荡器的高增益反相放大器，引

脚RXD和TXD分别是此放大器的输入端和输出端。时钟可以由内部方式产生或外部方式产生。内部方式的时钟电路如图4—2(a) 所示，在RXD和TXD引脚上外接定时元件，内部振荡器就产生自激振荡。定时元件通常采用石英晶体和电容组成的并联谐振回路。晶体振荡频率可以在1.2～12MHz之间选择，电容值在5～30pF之间选择，电容值的大小可对频率起微调的作用。 外部方式的时钟电路如图4—2（b）所示，RXD接地，TXD接外部振荡器。对外部振荡信号无特殊要求，只要求保证脉冲宽度，一般采用频率低于12MHz的方波信号。片内时钟发生器把振荡频率两分频，产生一个两相时钟P1和P2，供单片机使用。 示，RXD接地，TXD接外部振荡器。对外部振荡信号无特殊要求，只要求保证脉冲宽度，一般采用频率低于12MHz的方波信号。片内时钟发生器把振荡频率两分频，产生一个两相时钟P1和P2，供单片机使用。 RXD接地，TXD接外部振荡器。对外部振荡信号无特殊要求，只要求保证脉冲宽度，一般采用频率低于12MHz的方波信号。片内时钟发生器把振荡频率两分频，产生一个两相时钟P1和P2，供单片机使用。

STC89C52单片机用户手册

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STC89C52RC单片机手册范本

STC89C52单片机用户手册 [键入作者姓名] [选取日期]

STC89C52RC单片机介绍 STC89C52RC单片机是宏晶科技推出的新一代高速/低功耗/超强抗干扰的单片机，指令代码完全兼容传统8051单片机，12时钟/机器周期和6时钟/机器周期可以任意选择。 主要特性如下： 1.增强型8051单片机，6时钟/机器周期和12时钟/机器周期可以任 意选择，指令代码完全兼容传统8051. 2.工作电压：5.5V～ 3.3V（5V单片机）/3.8V～2.0V（3V单片机） 3.工作频率范围：0～40MHz，相当于普通8051的0～80MHz，实 际工作频率可达48MHz 4.用户应用程序空间为8K字节 5.片上集成512字节RAM 6.通用I/O口（32个），复位后为：P1/P2/P3/P4是准双向口/弱上 拉，P0口是漏极开路输出，作为总线扩展用时，不用加上拉电阻， 作为I/O口用时，需加上拉电阻。 7.ISP（在系统可编程）/IAP（在应用可编程），无需专用编程器，无 需专用仿真器，可通过串口（RxD/P3.0,TxD/P3.1）直接下载用 户程序，数秒即可完成一片 8.具有EEPROM功能 9.具有看门狗功能 10.共3个16位定时器/计数器。即定时器T0、T1、T2 11.外部中断4路，下降沿中断或低电平触发电路，Power Down模式

可由外部中断低电平触发中断方式唤醒 12.通用异步串行口（UART），还可用定时器软件实现多个UART 13.工作温度范围：-40～+85℃（工业级）/0～75℃（商业级） 14.PDIP封装 STC89C52RC单片机的工作模式 ●掉电模式：典型功耗<0.1μA,可由外部中断唤醒，中断返回后，继续执行原 程序 ●空闲模式：典型功耗2mA ●正常工作模式：典型功耗4Ma～7mA ●掉电模式可由外部中断唤醒，适用于水表、气表等电池供电系统及便携设备

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基于STC89C52单片机的多功能电子万年历

摘要 本文介绍了基于STC89C52单片机的多功能电子万年历的硬件结构和软硬件设计方法。本设计由数据显示模块、温度采集模块、时间处理模块和调整设置模块四个模块组成。系统以STC89C52单片机为控制器，以串行时钟日历芯片DS1302记录日历和时间，它可以对年、月、日、时、分、秒进行计时，还具有闰年补偿等多种功能。温度采集选用DS18B20芯片，万年历采用直观的数字显示，数据显示采用1602A液晶显示模块，可以在LCD上同时显示年、月、日、周日、时、分、秒，还具有时间校准等功能。此万年历具有读取方便、显示直观、功能多样、电路简洁、成本低廉等诸多优点，具有广阔的市场前景。 关键字：万年历温度计液晶显示

ABSTRACT This paper introduces the based on STC89C52 multi-function electronic calendar of the hardware structure and software and hardware design method. This design by data display module, temperature acquisition module, time processing module and set module four modules. With STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer system for the controller to serial clock calendar chip DS1302 record calendar and time, it can be to date and time, minutes and seconds for the time, also has a leap year compensation and other functions. Temperature gathering choose DS18B20 chip, calendar by using object digital display, data showed that the 1602 A liquid crystal display module, can be in the LCD shows at the same time year, month, day, Sunday, when, minutes and seconds, still have time calibration etc. Function. This calendar has read the convenient, direct display, functional diversity, simple circuit, low cost, and many other advantages, has a broad market prospect. Key words：Perpetual Calendar thermometer LCD display

STC89C52单片机详细介绍

SＴC８９C５2就是一种带8K字节闪烁可编程可檫除只读存储器（ＦPEROM－FlasｈＰrogrａmablｅaｎd EｒasablｅＲead Only Memoｒy )得低电压,高性能OＳ8得微处理器，俗称单片机。该器件采用ATMEL搞密度非易失存储器制造技术制造,与工业标准得MＣS-51指令集与输出管脚相兼容。 单片机总控制电路如下图4—1: 图4—1单片机总控制电路 １、时钟电路 STC8９C5２内部有一个用于构成振荡器得高增益反相放大器，引脚ＲXＤ与TXD分别就是此放大器得输入端与输出端。时钟可以由内部方式产生或外部方式产生。内部方式得时钟电路如图４-２(a) 所示,在RXD与TXD引脚上外接定时元件,内部振荡器就产生自激振荡。

定时元件通常采用石英晶体与电容组成得并联谐振回路。晶体振荡频率可以在1、2~12MHｚ之间选择，电容值在５~30pF之间选择，电容值得大小可对频率起微调得作用。 外部方式得时钟电路如图４-2(ｂ）所示,RXD接地，TＸD接外部振荡器。对外部振荡信号无特殊要求，只要求保证脉冲宽度,一般采用频率低于12MHz得方波信号.片内时钟发生器把振荡频率两分频,产生一个两相时钟P1与Ｐ2,供单片机使用。 示,ＲXＤ接地，TＸD接外部振荡器。对外部振荡信号无特殊要求，只要求保证脉冲宽度，一般采用频率低于12MHｚ得方波信号.片内时钟发生器把振荡频率两分频，产生一个两相时钟P1与P2,供单片机使用. RＸD接地，TXD接外部振荡器.对外部振荡信号无特殊要求，只要求保证脉冲宽度,一般采用频率低于１2ＭＨz得方波信号.片内时钟发生器把振荡频率两分频，产生一个两相时钟P１与Ｐ2，供单片机使用。

STC89C52RC单片机用户手册

创作编号： GB8878185555334563BT9125XW 创作者：凤呜大王* STC89C52RC单片机介绍 STC89C52RC单片机是宏晶科技推出的新一代高速/低功耗/超强抗干扰的单片机，指令代码完全兼容传统8051单片机，12时钟/机器周期和6时钟/机器周期可以任意选择。 主要特性如下： 1.增强型8051单片机，6时钟/机器周期和12时钟/机器周期可 以任意选择，指令代码完全兼容传统8051. 2.工作电压：5.5V～ 3.3V（5V单片机）/3.8V～2.0V（3V单片机） 3.工作频率范围：0～40MHz，相当于普通8051的0～80MHz，实 际工作频率可达48MHz 4.用户应用程序空间为8K字节 5.片上集成512字节RAM 6.通用I/O口（32个），复位后为：P1/P2/P3/P4是准双向口/弱 上拉，P0口是漏极开路输出，作为总线扩展用时，不用加上拉 电阻，作为I/O口用时，需加上拉电阻。 7.ISP（在系统可编程）/IAP（在应用可编程），无需专用编程器， 无需专用仿真器，可通过串口（RxD/P3.0,TxD/P3.1）直接下 载用户程序，数秒即可完成一片 8.具有EEPROM功能 9.具有看门狗功能 10.共3个16位定时器/计数器。即定时器T0、T1、T2 11.外部中断4路，下降沿中断或低电平触发电路，Power Down

模式可由外部中断低电平触发中断方式唤醒 12.通用异步串行口（UART），还可用定时器软件实现多个UART 13.工作温度范围：-40～+85℃（工业级）/0～75℃（商业级） 14.PDIP封装 STC89C52RC单片机的工作模式 ●掉电模式：典型功耗<0.1μA,可由外部中断唤醒，中断返回后，继续执 行原程序 ●空闲模式：典型功耗2mA ●正常工作模式：典型功耗4Ma～7mA ●掉电模式可由外部中断唤醒，适用于水表、气表等电池供电系统及便携 设备 STC89C52RC引脚图