介词用法口诀大全
介词用法口诀大全
常用表示时间的介词
一、at, on, in
(A) at表示“在某一时刻，某一时点”。如：
I get up at 6:00 every day. 我每天6点起床。
注：at daybreak在黎明；at noon在中午；at night在夜间；at Christmas在圣诞节期间；at the age of five在五岁时。
(B) on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。如：
I heard a shot on (the morning of ) March 18. 三月十八日(早晨) 我听到一声枪响。
We don’t have classes on Sunday. 星期天我们不上课。
(C) in表示“在某世纪、年、季度、月、周”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。如：
in the 20th century在20世纪；in 1999在1999年；in winter在冬季；in September在九月；in the
morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上。
二、for, during, through
(A) for后接“一段时间”，表示某事持续多久，多与完成时连用。如：
She has been ill for several days. 她已经病了几天了。
(B) during表示“在……期间”。如：
I went to France for two weeks during the summer. 夏天我去了法国两个星期。
(C) through表示“一直……，自始至终”。如：
They worked hard through the winter. 整个冬天他们都在努力工作。
三、from, since
(A) from表示“时间的起点”，可译作“从……”，多用于“from…to/till…”中。如：
You can come anytime from Monday to Friday. 周一至周五你什么时间来都行。
(B) since表示“自从……以来（直到现在）”。如：
He has been away from home since 1973. 他自从1973年就离开了家乡。
We have known each other since ten years ago. 我们十年前就认识了。
注意：for和since都常与完成时连用，但for接时间段，since接时间点。如for two hours（持续）两小时；since last week从上周直到现在。
四、before, by, till, until
(A) before指“在……之前”，与after相对。如：
Please come before ten o’clock. 请10点以前来。
(B) by指“不迟于，到……时为止，在……以前”。如：
We will have learned 2000 English words by the end of this term. 到本学期结束前，我们将学了两千英语单词了。
注：by后接过去时间，常与过去完成时连用；by后接将来时间，常与将来完成时连用。
(C) till (until) “直到……为止”。如(from https://www.sodocs.net/doc/7112191199.html,)：
You must wait for him till tomorrow. 你必须一直等到他明天。
注：在肯定句中，till/until必须与延续动词连用；在否定句中，till/until常与非延续性动词连用。如I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock. 直到12点我才睡。
五、after, in, within
(A) after表示“在……之后”，是before的反义词。如：
He got a cancer and died after a year. 他患了癌症，一年后去世了。
The meeting will end after 3:00pm. 会议将在下午三点后结束。
(B) within“在……时间之内”。如：
I can finish it within an hour. 我不需一小时就可把它做完。
注：after与in都可表示“在……之后”，但after后可跟时间段，也可跟时间点；而in后必须跟时间段。after既可用于将来时，也可用于过去时，而in只能用于将来时。
I’ll arrive in an hour. 我一小时后到达。
介词at, in, on的区别
1.表示时间，注意以下用法：
(1) 表示时间的某一点、某一时刻或年龄等用at。如：
I get up at six in the morning. 我早上六点钟起床。
He got married at the age of 25. 他25 岁结婚。
(2) 泛指一般意义的上午、下午或晚上以及月或年等较长的时间，一般用in。如：
We watch TV in the evening. 我们晚上看电视。
He went to Japan in 1946. 他于1946 去了日本。
(3) 若表示星期几或某一特定的日期，则用on。如：
He left here on the fifth of May. 他于5 月5 日离开这儿。
2.表示地点、场所、位置等，注意以下用法：
(1) 表示某一点位置，用at。如：
We live at No 87 Beijing Road. 我们住在北京路87 号。
The hospital is at the end of the street. 医院在这条街的尽头。
与名词所有格连用表示地点，也用at。如：
at my sister’s 在我姐姐家at th e doctor’s 在医务室
(2) 表示空间或范围，用in。如：
但有时两者可换用。如：
The meeting was held at [in] the hotel. 会议在宾馆举行。
(3) at 与in 的另一个区别是：at 用于指较小的地方，而in 用于指较大的地方。如：
in Shanghai 在上海at the station 在车站
但是，大与小是相对的，有时随着说话者的着眼点不同，大地方也可能用at(比如把一个大地方看作一个点时)。如：Our plane refuelled at London. 我们的飞机在伦敦加油。
We stopped for an hour at Moscow on our way to Paris. 我们在去巴黎的途中在莫斯科停了1 个小时。
(4) 介词on 用于地点，主要指在某物的表面。如：
What’s on the table? 桌上有什么?
There’s a wallet lying on the ground. 地上有个钱包。
注：在少数搭配中，也用介词on。如：
He works on a farm. 他在农场工作。
3.在某些搭配中，三者的区别与英国英语和美国英语有关：
in the street (英) / on the street (美) 在街上
in the road (英) / on the road (美) 在路上
in the team (英) / on the team (美) 在这个队
at the weekend (英) / on the weekend (美) 在周末
at weekends (英) / on weekends (美) 在周末
4.有时三者的差别与搭配习惯和用法有关：
in bed / on the bed 在床上
in the tree (多指树外之物) / on the tree (多指树本身之物) 在树上
早、午、晚要用in，at 黎明、午夜、点与分。
年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、帽in。
将来时态in ... 以后，小处at 大处in。
有形with 无形by，语言、单位、材料in。
特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。
介词at 和to 表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。特定时日和“一……就”，on 后常接动名词。
年、月、日加早、午、晚，of 之前on 代in。
步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage 则用in。
at 山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。
工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。
海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to man。this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。
接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。
over、under 正上下，above、below 则不然，
若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。
beyond 超出、无、不能，against 靠着，对与反。besides，except 分内外，among 之内along 沿。
同类比较except，加for 异类记心间。
原状because of, owing to，due to 表语形容词。
Under 后接修、建中，of，from 物、化分。
Before，after 表一点, ago，later 表一段。
before 能接完成时，ago 过去极有限。
since 以来during 间，since 时态多变换。
与之相比beside，除了last but one。
快到、对、向towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。
but for 否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。
ing 型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。
之后、关于、在……方面，有关介词须记全。
in 内to 外表位置，山、水、国界to 在前。
如大体掌握如上介词用法口诀，就不易出错。当然，至于介词的详尽用法，同形词又是连词及副词等内容此章不讲。下面对该口诀分别举例帮助你理解消化。
早、午、晚要用in
例：in the morning 在早上
in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上
in the day 在白天
at 黎明、午、夜、点与分
例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候
at noon 在中午
at night 在夜间
at midnight 在午夜
以上短语都不用冠词
at six o'clock 在6点钟
at 7：30 (seven thirty) 在7点半
at half past eleven 在11点半
at nine fifteen 在9点15 分
at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10点30分也可以写成seven to five 5点差7分(半小时以上)
at a quarter to two 1点45分
at the weekend 在周末
年、月、年月、季节、周
即在“某年”，在“某月”，在“某年某月”(但在某年某月某日则用on)，在四季，在第几周等都要用in。例；in 1986 在1986 年
in 1927 在1927 年
in April 在四月
in March 在三月
in December, 1986 1986年12月
in July, l983 1983年7月
in spring 在春季in summer 在夏季
in autumn 在秋季in winter 在冬季
in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周
in the third week 在第三周
阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in，
即在阳光下，在灯下，在树阴下，穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。
例：Don't read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。
They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。
They are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他们坐在树阴下乘凉。
a prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯
He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我。
The poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society. 旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛．
the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿着白(黑、红、黄)色衣服的妇女
in uniform 穿着制服
in mourning 穿着丧服
in brown shoes 穿着棕色鞋
in his shirt sleeves 穿着衬衫
将来时态in …以后
例: They will come back in 10 days. 他们将10天以后回来。
I'll come round in a day or two. 我一两天就回来。
We'll be back in no time. 我们一会儿就回来。
Come and see me in two days' time. 两天后来看我。(从现在开始)
After …(从过去开始)
小处at 大处in
例：Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well. Don't worry.
李和我平安地到达黑山县，一切很好，勿念。
I live in a great city (big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village. 我住在大城市，我姐姐住在一个小城镇，而我的父母则住在农村。
I'm in Liaoning, at Anshan. 我住在辽宁省鞍山市．
有形with 无形by，语言、单位、材料in
例：The workers are paving a road with stone. 工人们正用石子铺路。(有形)
The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. 这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形)
“Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy”is a good opera. <<智取威虎山>>是—出好戏。(无形)
The product is separated by distillation into gasoline and gas oil. 这种产品是用蒸馏分离出汽油和粗柴油。(表示方式、手段、方法——无形)
I wrote a novel in Russian. 我用俄语写了一本小说。(同上)
The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system．
公里是米制中最长的长度单位。(表示度、量、衡单位的用in )
The length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre.
长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的。(同上)
This board was cast in bronze not in gold. 这个牌匾是铜铸的，不是金铸的。
特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用in
特征或状态：
例: The Democratic Party was then in power. 那时民主党执政。
They found the patient in a coma. 他们发现病人处于昏迷状态。
He has not been in good health for some years. 他几年来身体一直不好。
Many who came in despair went away in hope. 许多人带着绝望情绪而来，却满怀希望而去。
The house was in ruins. 这房屋成了废墟。
The poor girl was in tears. 这个贫苦女孩泪流满面。
Her clothes were in rags. 她的衣服穿破了。
His shoes were in holes. 他的鞋穿出窟窿了。
I only said it in fun. 我说这话只是开玩笑的。
She spoke in grief rather than in anger. 与其说她讲得很气愤，不如说她讲得很伤心。
还有一些短语也用in，如：
in jest 诙谐地，in joke 开玩笑地，in spite 恶意地，in fairness 公正地，in revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大，in sorrow 伤心地等。
His mind was in great confusion. 他脑子里很乱。
Today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb.
今天大家都兴高采烈，没有一个情绪低落的。
She and her classmates are in flower ages. 她和她的同学都正值妙龄。
方面：
例：We accepted the item in principle. 我们在原则上接受了这个条款。
They are never backward in giving their views. 他们从来不怕发表自己的意见。
The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain.
这个落后的地区在粮食方面已能自给。
A good teacher must be an example in study. 一个好的教师必须是学习的模范。
方式：
例：All the speeches were taken down in shorthand. 所有报告都用速记记录下来了。
The Party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism.
党一贯以爱国主义和国际主义精神教育我们。
如下成语惯用in
例：in all 总计in advance 事前in the meantime 与此同时in place 适当地
in hopes of(或in the hope of) 怀着……希望in connection with 和……有关
in contact with 和……联系in addition to 除……以外in case of 倘若，万一
in conflict with 和……冲突in force 有效的，大批in depth 彻底地
in regard to 关于in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近in retrospect 回顾，一想起
in behalf of 代表……利益in the least 一点，丝毫in alarm 惊慌、担心
in the opinion of 据……见解in the long run 从长远说来in one's opinion 在……看来
in word 口头上in a word 总之in vain 无益地, 白白地in case 如果，万一，以防
in detail 详细地in haste 急急忙忙地in conclusion 总之in spite of 尽管
in other words …换句话说in return 作为回报in the name of 以……名义
be confident in 对……有信心be interested in 对……感兴趣in doubt 怀疑
in love 恋爱中in debt 负债in fun (jest、joke) 玩笑地in hesitation 犹豫不决
in wonder 在惊奇中in public (secret) 公开他(秘密地) in a good humour 心情(情绪)好
“介词at、to 表方向，攻击、位置、善、恶、分”。
介词at 和to 都可以表示方向; 用at 表示方向时，侧重于攻击的目标，往往表示恶意；用to 表示方向时，突出运动的位置或动作的对象，侧重表示善意。试比较下列各句：
1. A．She came at me. 她向我扑过来。
B．She came to me. 她向我走过来。
2．A．Jake ran at John. 杰克向约翰扑过去。
B. He rushed to the woman with a sword. 他带着剑向那妇女跑过去。
4．A．He shouted at the old man. 他大声喝斥那老人。
B. He shouted to the old man. 他大声向那老人说。
5．A．I heard her muttering at Xiao Li. 我听见她在抱怨小李。
B．I heard her muttering to Xiao Li. 我听见她在同小李低声说话。
6．A. She talked at you just now. 她刚才还说你坏话呢。
B．She talked to you just now. 她刚才还同你谈话呢.
7．A．She threw a bone at the dog. 她用一块骨头砸狗。
B．She threw a bone to the dog. 她把一块骨头扔给狗吃。
8．A．He presented a pistol at me. 他用手枪对着我。
B．He presented a pistol to me. 他赠送我一支手枪。
日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早午晚; 以下皆用on。
例: on October the first 1949 1949年10月1日
on February the thirteenth l893 1893年2月13日
on May the first 5月1日
on the first 1号
on the sixteenth 16号
on the second of January 或on January the second 1月2日
on a summer evening 在夏天的一个夜晚
on Boxing Day 在节礼日(圣诞节次日)
on New Year's Day 在元旦
on my birthday 在我的生日
但in the Christmas holidays 在圣诞节假期; in the eighteenth century 在十八世纪; in ancient times 在古代; in earlier
on winter day 在冬天
on December 12th 1950 l950年12月12日
on Sunday 在星期天
on Monday 在星期一
on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨
on Saturday afternoon 星期六下午
on Friday evening 星期五晚上
但last night 昨夜；in the evening 在晚上; on time 准时，in time 及时，等则不同。
年月日，加早午晚，of 之前on 代in
例：on the morning of 18th 18日早晨
on the evening of 4th 4日晚上
On the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet and their head gave a farewell speech. 他们在临行前夕举行了一次告别宴会，他们的团长发表了告别讲话。
收音、农场，值日on
例：Did your supervisor like the story over (or on) the radio last night?
您的导师喜欢昨天从收音机里听到的故事吗?
I heard the news over (or on) the radio. 我从收音机里听到了这一条消息。
talk over the radio 由无线电播音
on TV 从电视里……
hear something on the wireless 在无线电里听到
My brother works on an Army reclamation farm. 我哥哥在一个军垦农场工作。
The students are working on a school farm. 学生们正在校办农场劳动。
This is a farmer's house on a farm. 这是农场的农舍。
关于、基础、靠、著论
例: This afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation.
今天下午我们要听关于国际形势的报告。
Professor Shen will give us a talk on traveling in America.
申教授将给我们做关于美国之行的报告。
You are wrong on all these issues. 在这些问题上你的看法都错了。
The belief is based on practical experience. 这种信念是以实际经验为基础的。
Theory must be based on practice. 理论必须以实践为基础。
The people in the south live on rice. 南方人主食大米。(靠)
The citizens live on their salaries. 城市人靠薪金生活。
You can't afford luxuries, on an income of 100 yuan a month．
靠月薪100 元的收入，你是买不起奢侈品的。
Her pet dogs were fed on the choicest food．她用精饲料喂养她心爱的狗。
He is just a scrounger, who lives on other people. 他正是一个小偷，专靠损害别人过日子。
Keep the kettle on the boil (=boiling). 让水壶的水一直开着。
The enemy are on the run (=running). 敌人在逃跑。
On 后接the 加上一个作名词的动词．其意义与现在分词所表达的相近。类似例子很多如：
on the march 在行军中，on the mend 在好转中，on the prowl 徘徊，on the move 活动中，on the scrounge 巧取豪夺(俚语)，on the go 活跃，忙碌，on the lookout 注意, 警戒，on the watch 监视着。on the hop 趁不备抓住某人等等。
on the People's Democratic Dictatorship <<实践论>>和<<矛盾论>>
on the People's Democratic Dictatorship <<论人民民主专政>>
“on Coalition Government”<<论联合政府>>
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付，相反、准
注：口诀中的“着”是指着火，“罢”指罢工，“偷”指偷偷地，“公”指出差、办公事；“假”指休假，“准”指准时。
The workers of the railway station were on strike. 铁路工人罢工了。
Grapes and big water melons from Sinkiang are on sale on a large sale.
新疆葡萄和西瓜大量上市了。
Do something on the sly (quiet). 秘密地(暗地里，偷偷地)做某事。
I've come here on business. 我是有公事来的。
They went to Bern on a mission. 他们到伯尔尼去执行一项使命。
They have been away on a long trip. 他们出去做一次长途旅行。
I'll go home on leave next month. 下月我将休假回家。
I went on business to Shanghai. I did not take leave. 我是公出去上海的，不是不告而别。
She came to see you on purpose. 她是专程来看你的。
He came here on purpose to discuss it with you. 他到这来是要与你讨论这件事的。
“This lunch is on me.”“这顿午饭我付钱。”
“No. let's go Dutch.”“不，还是各付各的。”
On the contrary, it was very easy to understand. 相反，这事儿很容易理解。
P1ease come on time. (on schedule). 请准时来。
注：in time 是“及时”的意思。
The train arrived on schedule. 火车准时到达。
特定时间和“一……就”，左右on 后动名词
例：Gases expand on heating and contract on cooling. 气体加热时膨胀，冷却时收缩。(特定时间)
On entering the room, he found his friends dancing in high spirits.
一进屋，他就发现他的朋友们在愉快地跳舞。
On reaching the city he called up Lao Yang. 一到城里他就给老杨打了一个电话。
I'll write to him on hearing from you. 我接到你的来信就给他写信。(一……就)
以及on the left, right 向左向右，on the stair 在台阶上等。
例：On foot 步行; on horse 骑马; on donkey 骑驴。
He rode on, blood flowing from his side. 他骑着马，鲜血从腰部流下来。
The soldier of the Eighth Route Army rode 100 li on a horse a day in order to catch up with his unit. 为赶上部队，那位八路军战士骑马日行百里。
Go on horse back! 骑马去！
You are having me on! 你和我开玩笑呢!
in cab 和in carriage 不能用on 或by cab 或carriage。
at 山脚、门口在当前，速、温、日落价核心
即在山脚下、在门口、在目前，速度、以……速率、温度、在日落时、在……核心要用at。
例：At the foot of the mountain, there are thirty of our comrades.
在山脚下，有我们30 个同志。
There is a beautiful lake at the foot of the hill. 山脚下有一个美丽的湖。
At the gate of the house there are many children playing glass ball.
门口有一大群孩子在玩玻璃球。
Who's standing there at the door? 谁站在门口?
I don't need the dictionary at present. 我现在还不需要这本词典。
He is at present in Washington. 他目前正在华盛顿。
The train runs at fifty kilometres an hour. 火车每小时行驶50 公里。
We built the plant at top speed and minimum cost.
我们以最低的投资，最高的速度修建了该工厂。
at home 在国内，在家里
at ten degrees centigrade 在摄氏10 度
at minus ten degrees centigrade 摄氏零下10 度
Water freezes at 0°centigrade. 水在摄氏零度结冰。
Water usually boils at 100°. 水通常在摄氏100 度沸腾。
at full speed 全速
at a good price 高价
at a low cost 低成本
at a great cost 花了很大代价
at that time 在当时
Evaporation takes place at all temperatures. 蒸发在任何温度下都能发生。
at 1000 RPM (revolution per minute) 每分钟1000 转
at a high speed 高速
The soldiers launched an attack upon the enemy at sunset.
战士们在日落时对敌人发起了攻击。
at daybreak 日出时
The force at the core leading our cause forward is the Chinese Communist Party.
领导我们事业的核心力量是中国共产党。
The atom has a nucleus at its core. 在原子的中心有一个原子核。
At the beginning of this term the teacher in charge of our class was very strict with us. 这学期开始，我们的班主任老师对我们要求非常严格。
以及At the first session of the First National People's congress of the People's Republic of China. 在中华人民共和国第一次全国人民代表大会第一次会议上.
常用的at 短语有:
at first 首先，开始时at least 至少at all events 无论如何at home 在家，无拘束
at one stroke 一下子at a loss 不知怎办at any rate 不管怎样at length 详细地
be at high tide 处于高潮期at our invitation 应我们的邀请at our request 应我们的请求
at the news 听到这消息at the risk of 冒……危险at a great expense 以巨大费用
at a stroke 一举at intervals of 每隔at liberty 有权，随意at the sight of 一见到
at the point of 接近，靠近at the thought of 一想到at the speed of 以……速度
at the cost (price) of 以……为代价at leisure 闲着、失业at the disposal of 任凭……使用
at stake 在危险中、在成败关头at bottom 实际上、本质上at short notice 一得到通知
at seeing us 看到我们at the happy tidings 听到喜讯at sixteen 在16岁时
at the present stage 在现阶段at the weekend 周末at all times 永远at 405 Victory Road 在胜利路405号
例：We write with ball pens. 我们用油笔写字。(工具)
但He write in blue ink. 他用蓝水笔写字(墨水用in 不用with)
Theory must go hand in hand with practice. 理论必须同实践相结合。(同)
He is talking with friends. 他正同朋友们谈话。(同)
I'd like to have a dinner with a friend. 我喜欢同朋友共同进餐。
We must co-operate closely with them. 我们必须同他们紧密合作。(同)
We, as human beings are going to leave, but friendship has taken roots among us and our hearts are linked with yours. 我们虽然就要走了，但是友谊却在我们之间扎了根，我们的心和你们的心是紧紧相连的。(和或同〕
A cadre must become one with the masses.干部必须和群众打成一片。
I'm with you. 我同意你。
An atom is so small that we can't see it with a microscope.
原子太小，即使用显微镜也看不见它。(工具)
In the past I had to part with my wife. 旧社会我不得不和妻子离别。(和)
The socialist revolution is deepening with each passing day.
社会主义革命日益深入。(随着)
They sail with the wind. 他们顺风航行。(随着)
With the change of the economic foundation, the superstructure has to be transformed too. 随着经济基础的改变，上层建筑也必须改变。(随着)
With the battle of Waterloo, Napoleon's rule in Europe was ended.
滑铁卢一战，拿破仑对欧洲的统治就完蛋了。
The modern electron tube. 随着电子管的发明而诞生了现代电子工业．
She is with child. = She is in a very interesting condition.
= in a family way, = She is pregnant (in pregnancy). 她怀孕了。(有)
但She is with a child．意为:“她领着一个孩子。”
China is a very large country with a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的大国。(具有)
China is a country with a population of ten billion people.
中国是一个有10 亿人口的国家。（具有）
Everything was going well with them. 他们一切都进行得很顺利。(就……)
It is a very intense flash with a lot of power packed into it.
由于聚集了大量的能，所以闪光非常强烈。（独立结构）
注；即分词独立主格结构用with。
With a new welding technique introduced, the use of stainless steel was no longer limited to making small things only. 由于新的焊接技术的引进，不锈钢的使用就不仅仅局限在微小的物件上了。(独立结构)
With all its beams advancing in step with each other the laser possessed very particular properties which no ordinary light ever has. 由于激光的光束同步，所以它具有普通光所没有的特殊性质。(独立结构)
Without the temperature or pressure changed matter can never change from one state into another. 没有温度或压力的变化，物质永远不能以一种状态变到另一种状态。(独立结构)
The evil landlord was trembling with fear. 那个万恶的地主吓得浑身发抖。(原因)
My wife's hands were rough with work. 我爱人因为老干活，手很租糙。(原因)．
With the help of my classmate's tape recorder I listen to the V oice of America and B.B.C every day. 借助于我同学的录音机，我每天收听美国之音和B.B.C。(原因)
With television, we can see all kinds of programmes on the screen sitting at home without going to the movies and theatres. 因为有了电视，我们坐在家里就能看到各种节目, 而不必去影院、戏院了。(原因)
就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分
这里的with 后边的宾语常译成主语。
例：How are the things with you? 你情况怎样？
What's wrong with your eyes? 你的眼睛怎么啦?
Something is wrong with my hands. 我手出点毛病。
Everything was going well with them. 他们一切都进行得很顺利。
Parents must be strict with their children. 父母对子女要严格。(对)
The doctor was very patient with his patients. 那位医生对患者非常耐心。(对)
I'm quite satisfied with your answer. 我对你的回答很满意。(对)
Many intellectuals with revolutionary tendencies went to the liberated areas.
He was sitting in a chair with his hands folded.
他两手交叉在胸前坐在椅子上。(状语)独立结构
They are highly mechanized farms, with machinery to do all the work.
它们是高度机械化的农场，所有工作都由机器进行。(状语)独立结构
上两句是with 引出的复合结构。
I will be with you again in half an hour. 过半个钟头我还会跟你们在一起的。
(with 的介词短语作表语。另注意in 将来时态in 以后)
Our sympathies were with the students persecuted by the gang of four during the cultural revolution. 我们是非常同情“文革”中被“四人帮”迫害的青年学生的。(with 的介词短语作表语)。
海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数人类known to man
例: by land (air, sea, water, bus) 陆路(航空，水陆，水路，乘公共汽车) by micro bus 坐小面包车(微型汽车) by mini bus 坐小面包车by train 坐火车by trolley bus 坐无轨电车by tram 坐有轨电车
by bike 骑自行车by motor car 骑摩托车by tube 坐地铁by airbus 坐大型客机(空中汽车〕
by jeep 坐吉普车by chance 偶然by accident 偶然，无意中
以及by virtue of 靠、由于
by leaps and bounds 大幅度地
by way of 经由
by the book 按常规
The list of discoveries by“accident”could fill a long book.
偶然的发现可以写一本很厚的书。(偶然)
The law of relativity was formulated by Einstein. 相对论是爱因斯坦创立的。(被动)
The book was written by Mr. Zhang. 这本书是张先生写的。(被动)
That in 1969 the first artificial satellite was launched to the space is known to man. 1969 年第一颗人造卫星上了天是众所周知的。
这里用to man 而不用by。即当单数又无冠词的man 和known 搭配时，表示人类不用by。
this，that，tomorrow，yesterday，next, last, one
last night 昨天夜里last Friday 上个星期五last month 上月last year 去年
yesterday afternoon 昨天下午tomorrow afternoon 明天下午tomorrow evening 明天晚上
next month 下个月next week 下周next year 明年next Saturday 下星期六
this morning 今天早晨this year 今年this Tuesday 本星期二this Autumn 今年秋天
that morning 那天早上that evening 那天晚上
无论前面介词in、on 还是at，通通可省略，不能说at last night, on last Friday, in last month, in this year 这些都是不对的，须去掉介词。
over, under 正上下，above, below 则不然
若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关
例：There is a picture over the window. 窗户上面有一幅画。(正上方)
The plane flew above the city. 飞机飞过城市上空。（高于城市并非正上方)
A lamp was hanging over the table. 一盏灯是在方桌上方。(正上方)
The moon was now above the trees in the east. 这时月亮已经在东边树林的上方。(非正上方)
Don't stand above the masses. 勿高踞于群众之上。(比喻一一非正上方)
The mountain is 700 feet above sea level. 这座山海拔700米。(非正上方)
There is a small building below the hill. 山下有座小楼房。(非正下方)
There is a submarine under the water. 水下有艘潜水艇。(正下方)
Water was found ten feet below the surface. 在地面下10英尺处找到了水。(非正下方)
The peasants are cooling themselves under the trees. 农民们正在树下乘凉。(正下方)
over under 正上下，低高below 与above
The temperature in the room is below (or under) 30℃.
室温是摄氏30度以下。(数量词两者皆可)
Do you have anything in the way of computers below (under) $10000?
你们有哪些价格低于10000美元的计算机?
（数量词两者皆可〕
beyond 超出、无、不能
Don't stay out beyond 10 o'clock. 不要在外呆到10点以后还不回家。
But the gratitude from the bottom of my heart to the students and my old colleagues, has gone beyond my control. 发自肺腑的对学生们和我的老同事们的感激之心使我毫不紧张，毫不拘束；
Your work is beyond all praise, so good that it can't be praised enough.
你的成绩是赞扬不尽的。
That is going beyond a joke, passes the limits of what is reasonable as a joke.
那样开玩笑太过火了。
They were touched beyond words. 他们被感动得无法形容。(无)
To do this was quite beyond all doubts. 办这事我无能为力。(超出)
This is inevitable and beyond all doubts. 这是必然的，毫无疑义的。(无)
另外, Beyond two cottages stood his house.
句子中的beyond 是“那边”的意思。
against 靠着，对与反
例: In front of the wardrobe there are two upholstered armchairs arranged against the south wall near the door. 立柜前面是两把沙发椅，靠着南城门附近。（靠着）
She leaned wearily against the railings. 她疲惫地靠着栏杆站着。(靠着)
A new president was elected by a majority of 274 votes against 110.
新总统以274票对110票的多数当选。(对……)
besides, except 分内外，among 之内along 沿
例：The design has many other advantages besides lower cost.
除费用低外，该设计还有许多其他优点。(优点包括在内)
He had no time to prepare his lecture, besides which he was unwell.
他没有时间准备讲稿，而且他的身体也不大舒适。
Every one of us, except her, went to see the exhibition. 除她外，我们都去参观了展览会。
He gets up early every day except Sunday. 除星期日外他每天早起。
Nobody was late except me. 除我以外，没人迟到。