研究生英语阅读教程(基础级 第二版)lesson 12

READING SELECTION A

Does Economic Growth (development) Improve Human Morale?

By David G. Myers

注黄字体为课后生词

[1] During the mid-1980s my family and I spent a sabbatical year in the historic town of St. Andrews, https://www.sodocs.net/doc/7412473175.html,paring life there with life in America, we were impressed by a seeming disconnection between national wealth and well-being (happiness). To most Americans, Scottish life would have seemed Spartan. Incomes were about half that(income)in the U. S. Among families in the Kingdom of Fife surrounding(around)St. Andrews, 44 percent did not own a car, and we never met a family that owned two. Central heating in this place not far south of Iceland was, at that time, still a luxury.

[2] In hundreds of conversations during our year there and during three half-summer stays since (since then), we repeatedly noticed that, despite(=in spite of)their simpler living, the Scots appeared no less joyful(happy)than Americans. We heard complaints about Margaret Thatcher, but never about being underpaid or unable to afford(pay for)wants (necessities). With less money there was no less satisfaction with living, no less warmth of spirit, no less pleasure (happiness)in one another's company.Are rich American is happier? [accompany sb. to somewhere]

[3] Within any country, such as our own, are rich people happier? In poor countries, such as Bangladesh and India, being relatively well off(rich)does make for(cause/ bring about)somewhat (a little)greater well being (happiness). Psychologically as well as(=and)materially, it is much better to be high caste than low caste. We humans need food, rest, warmth, and social contact.

[4] But in affluent(rich)countries, where nearly everyone can afford life's necessities, increasing affluence matters (vi.) surprisingly little. In the USA, Canada, and Europe, the correlation between income and happiness is, as University of Michigan researcher Ronald Ingle-hart noted in 1980s 16-nation study, "surprisingly weak[indeed,virtually (actually) negligible". Happiness is lower among the very poor. But once(they are)comfortable, more money provides diminishing returns. The second piece of pie, or the second $ 50, 000, never tastes as good as the first.So (As) far as happiness is concerned, it hardly matters (vi.) whether one drives a BMW or, like so many of the Scots, walks or rides a bus.

[5] Even very rich people--the Forbes' 100 wealthiest (richest) Americans surveyed by University of Illinois psychologist Ed Diener-- are only slightly happier than average (the ordinary people). With net (<->gross) worth all exceeding (surpassing) $ 100 million, providing ample (enough) money to buy things they don't need and hardly care about, 4 in 5 of the 49 people responding to the survey agreed that "Money can increase OR decrease happiness, depending on how it is used." And some(people)were indeed unhappy. One fabulously(extremely)wealthy man said he could never remember being happy. One woman reported that money could not undo (correct)misery caused by her children's problems.Does economic growth improve human morale? (net weight<->gross weight)

[6] We have scrutinized(examined)the American dream of achieved wealth and well-being (happiness)by comparing rich and unrich countries, and rich and unrich people. That(analysis) leaves the final question: Over time (in the long run), does happiness rise(increase)with affluence (wealth)?

[7] Typically(Absolutely)not.Lottery winners appear(seem)to gain(get)but(only)a temporary jolt of joy(happiness)from(because of)their winnings. Looking back, they feel delighted(happy)to have won. Yet the euphoria doesn't last (vi.). In fact, previously enjoyed activities such as reading may become less pleasurable (pleasant). Compared to the high(high spirit) of winning a million dollars, ordinary pleasures(become)pale.

[8] On a smaller scale, a jump in our income can boost(promote/ increase)our morale, for a while (a short time). "But in the long run," notes Inglehart, "neither an ice cream cone nor a new car nor becoming rich and famous produces（bring about）the same feelings of delight that it initially did. Happiness is not the result of being rich, but a temporary consequence(result)of having recently become richer." Ed Diener's research confirms that those whose incomes have increased over a 10-year period are not happier than those whose income has not increased. Wealth, it therefore seems, is like health: Although its utter(complete)absence can breed(produce/ lead to) misery, having it does not guarantee happiness. Happiness is less a matter of getting what we want than of wanting (enjoy)what we have.

Are we happier today?

[9] We can also ask whether, over time, our collective(total/ comprehensive)happiness has floated upward(increase)with the rising economic tide. Are we happier today than in 1940, when two out of five homes(families)lacked a shower or bathtub, heat often meant feeding a furnace wood or coal, and 35 percent of homes had no toilet? Or consider 1957, when economist John Galbraith was about to describe the United States as The Affluent Society. Americans' per person income, expressed in today's dollars, was less than $ 8,000. Today it is more than$ 16, 000,thanks to increased real wages into the 1970s, increased nonwage income, and the doubling of married women's employment. Compared to 1957, we are therefore "the doubly affluent society"—with double what money buys including twice as many cars per person, not to mention microwave ovens, big screen color TVs, home computers, and $ 200 billion a year spent in restaurants and bars-- two and a half times our 1960 inflation-adjusted restaurant spending per person. From 1960 to 1990, the percentage of us with

·dishwashers zoomed from 7 to 45 percent, (zoom in=enlarge<->zoom out)

·clothes dryers rose from 20 to 69 percent,

·air conditioners soared from 15 to 70 percent.

Not best of times(for)the human spirit (morale)

[10] So, believing that a little more money would make us a little happier, and having seen our affluence ratchet upward little by little over nearly four decades, are we now happier?

[11] We are not (happy at all). Since 1957, the number telling the University of Chicago's National Opinion Research Center that they are "very happy" has declined from 35 to 30 percent. Twice as rich, and a little less happy. In fact, between 1956 and 1988, the percentage of Americans saying they were "pretty(very)well satisfied with your present financial situation"dropped from 42 to 30 percent. [live/ lead a happy/ miserable life]

[12] We are also more often downright(completely)miserable. Among Americans born since World War II, depression has increased dramatically–tenfold (ten times), reports University of Pennsylvania clinical researcher Martin Seligman. Today's 25-year-olds are much more likely (possible)to recall a time in their life when they were despondent (depressed) and despairing than

are their 75-year-old grandparents, despite the grandparents having had many more years to suffer all kinds of disorder, from broken legs to the anguish of depression. Researchers debate the actual extent (degree) of rising depression... but no matter how we define depression, the findings (discoveries)persist. Today's youth and young adults have grown up with much more affluence, slightly less overall happiness, and much greater risk of depression, not to mention tripled teen suicide and all the other social pathologies we have considered (discussed). Never has a culture (nation)experienced such physical comfort combined with such psychological misery. Never have we felt so free, or had our prisons so overstuffed. Never have we been so sophisticated(complicated) about pleasure, or so likely to suffer broken relationships.

[13] These are the best of times materially, "a time of elephantine(great)vanity and greed" observes Garrison Keillor, but they are not the best times for the human spirit. William Bennett, no critic of free market economies, is among those who recognize (find) the futility (uselessness) of economics without ethics and money without a mission (goal/ purpose): "If we have full employment and greater economic growth-- if we have cities of gold and alabaster-- but our children have not learned how to walk in goodness, justice, and mercy, then the American experiment, not matter how gilded (beautiful), will have failed." (1, 208 words)

II. Vocabulary

A. Choose the best word from the tour choices to complete each of the following sentences.

注每个题目后面出现的相同标号的题目是备考查单词在课文里出现的原句

1. In 1977, I took my first ever _____ year and spent a couple of months at the Australian National University in Canberra.

A. underpaid

B. sabbatical

C. prosperous

D. affluent

（1）During the mid-1980s my family and I spent a sabbatical year in the historic town of St. Andrews, Scotland.

2. He has had _____ opportunity to exercise leadership, which he almost invariably directs along positive channels, and has improved in the various skills.

A. ample

B. utter (complete/ thorough)

C. messy

D. greedy

（2）With net (<->gross) worth all exceeding (surpassing) $ 100 million, providing ample (enough) money to buy things they don't need and hardly care about,

3. Presumably(perhaps)they are paid their _____ salaries to spot(look for)errors such as these.

A. despairing

B. fabulous (unbelievable)

C. depressing

D. sympathetic

（3）One fabulously(extremely)wealthy man said he could never remember being happy.

4. It still depends on flow-patterns, even when the air is so thin as to be almost _____.

A. diminishing

B. tripled

C. negligible

D. perceivable (=comprehensive)（4）"surprisingly weak[indeed,virtually (actually)negligible".

5. This would carry with it a responsibility on their part to help devise (design) the tests, or at least to _____ their content.

A. boost (increase/ promote)

B. bread

C. guarantee

D. scrutinize (examine)

（5）We have scrutinized(examined)the American dream of achieved wealth and well-being (happiness)by comparing rich and unrich countries, and rich and unrich people.

6. But he was already affected(influenced)by a(n) _____ which induced courage and recklessness.

A. euphoria

B. mission (task)

C.(idea->)ideology

D. bewilderment (confusion)

（6）Yet the euphoria doesn't last (vi.). In fact, previously enjoyed activities such as reading may become less pleasurable (pleasant).

7. Not only was there physical weakness but also intense loneliness and sometimes mental

_____due to(because of)lack of occupation (job) in the "workhouse"(workshop/ factory/ company)and the chronic sick wards.

A. morale

B. enthusiasm

C. starvation(=hanger)

D. anguish(extreme pain)（7）from broken legs to the anguish of depression. Researchers debate the actual extent (degree) of rising depression...

8. Worst of all is the sense (feeling) of utter(thorough)_____ because it is far too late to change anything.

A. luxury

B. possession

C. futility

D. dominance

（8）but they are not the best times for the human spirit. William Bennett, no critic of free market economies, is among those who recognize (find) the futility (uselessness) of economics without ethics and money without a mission (goal/ purpose)

9. The (mode<->) mood was (desperate->) despairing, _____and war-weary pathetic (poor/pitiful) rather than rebellious.

A. deficient

B. destructive

C. despondent (depressed)

D. declining (fall)

（9）Today's 25-year-olds are much more likely(possible)to recall a time in their life when they were despondent (depressed) and despairing than are their 75-year-old grandparents,

10. She was born friendly and intelligent with none of the _____so often associated with beautiful women.

A. vanity

B. caste

C. lottery

D. eternity (eternal: adj.)

（10）These are the best of times materially, "a time of elephantine(great)vanity and greed" observes Garrison Keillor,

B. Choose the best word or expression from the list given for each blank. Use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.

well off necessity diminish undo persist

well-being underpay downright zoom delight

注每个题目后面出现的相同标号的题目是备考查单词在课文里出现的原句

1. This suggests that Sterling's strength, unwelcome though it seemed, may actually have been conductive (helpful) to Britain's economic well-being (health/ development).

（1）Comparing life there with life in America, we were impressed by a seeming disconnection

between national wealth and well-being (happiness).

We have scrutinized(examined)the American dream of achieved wealth and well-being (happiness)by comparing rich and unrich countries, and rich and unrich people.

2. The coal miners complain that they are ridiculously underpaid, especially as the work is so dangerous.

（2）We heard complaints about Margaret Thatcher, but never about being underpaid or unable to afford(pay for)wants (necessities).

3. We have seen the value of our house diminish substantially(considerably)over the last six months.

（3）But once(they are)comfortable, more money provides diminishing returns.

4. It's very difficult toundo(correct)the damage that's caused by inadequate(improper) parenting(parental education)in a child's early years.

（4）One woman reported that money could not undo(correct)misery caused by her children's problems.

5. The company's benefits zoomed(increase)from nil(zero/ naught)in 1981 to about $ 16 million last year. (zoom in=enlarge; zoom out)

（5）dishwashers zoomed from 7 to 45 percent, (zoom in=enlarge<->zoom out)

6. But she was an orphan, and the uncle and aunt with whom she lived were not at all well off (rich).

(6)Within any country, such as our own, are rich people happier? In poor countries, such as Bangladesh and India, being relatively well off(rich)does make for(cause/ bring about)somewhat

(a little)greater well being (happiness).

7. For some women at this stage, cooking can become an absorbing (attractive) hobby rather than the necessity of life it was when there were others to feed--a social pleasure or simply (only) a personal indulgence (favor/ preference).

(7)But in affluent(rich)countries, where nearly everyone can afford life's necessities, increasing affluence matters (vi.) surprisingly little.

8. Those words uttered(spoken)by some political leaders would sound banal(cliché)and from one or two others downright phony (adj. n. false).

(8)We are also more often downright(completely)miserable. Among Americans born since World War II, depression has increased dramatically–tenfold (ten times), reports University of Pennsylvania clinical researcher Martin Seligman.

9. Call your doctor for advice if symptoms persist for more than a few days.

(9)but no matter how we define depression, the findings(discoveries)persist.

10. Yet there is much of scenic and historic interest here to delight(make sb. happy/ happiness) the leisurely visitor. (scene->scenery->scenic)

(10)Looking back, they feel delighted(happy)to have won. Yet the euphoria doesn't last (vi.).

"But in the long run," notes Inglehart, "neither an ice cream cone nor a new car nor becoming rich and famous produces（bring about）the same feelings of delight that it initially did.

第＋二课A经济增长能促进人类道德进步吗？

戴维· G·迈尔斯

[1] 20世纪80年代中期，我和家人在苏格兰的历史名城圣安德鲁斯度过了一年学术体假年。比较美国与圣安德鲁斯两地的生活，印象最深刻的是国家财富与个人生活安康之间并无明显联系。对绝大多数美国人而言，苏格兰人的生活可称得上清贫。他们的收入大约仅为美国人的一半。在圣安德鲁斯附近的法夫地区，44％的家庭没有私家车，我们也从未遇见过哪个家庭拥有两辆私家车。那个时候，这个离冰岛南部不远的地方，中央供暖系统仍是一种奢侈品。

[2]那一年以及此后三年在圣安德鲁斯度过的每年半个夏季，我们与当地人进行了上百次的交谈，我们一次又一次注意到，尽管苏格兰人的生活简朴，但他们的快乐感一点儿也不比美国人少。我们也曾听到人们对玛格丽特·撒切尔夫人的抱怨，但却从未听到有人抱怨工资太低或买不起想买的东西。虽然钱比美国人挣得少些，但对生活的满足、对人的热情、朋友相聚的愉悦却一点儿也不比美国人少。

有钱的美国人就更快乐吗？

[3］在任何一个国家，如我们自己的国家美国，有钱人就更快乐吗？在穷国，如孟加拉国和印度，只要相对有钱，无论是心理上还是物质上，就意味着比别人要富裕得多。社会等级高比社会等级低的要好得多。我们人类需要食物、休息、温暖和社会亲情。

[4］但在富裕国家，儿乎人人能支付生活必需品，再提高一点儿富裕，没有什么意义，这一点令人吃惊。在美国、加拿大、欧洲，正如密执安大学研究员罗纳德·英格哈特20世纪80年代对16个国家的研究后指出的那样，收入与幸福之间的相关系数“小得让人吃惊（实际上，儿乎可以忽略不计）”。非常贫穷的人，他们的幸福感较低。但是，一旦达到小康水平，更多的钱所带来的回报呈下降趋势。第二块馅饼吃起来决没有第一块香，第二笔5万美金所带来的快乐也绝没有第一笔5万美金所带来的快乐多。无论你是驾驶宝马车，还是像许多苏格兰人一样步行或乘公交车，就幸福感而言没有两样。

[5］甚至是富豪―像伊利诺伊大学心理学家埃德·迪纳所调查的、在《福布斯》杂志上公布的美国最富有的100人―他们的幸福感比平常人也只多一点点。他调查了49位净资产超过10亿美元，有大量的钱可以购买他们并不需要、也不在乎的东西的富豪，4 / 5的人这样答复：“金钱能增加也能减少幸福，这取决于怎么花。”有些富豪甚至一点儿也不快乐。一位巨富说他从不记得曾经有过幸福。一位女富豪说金钱不能解决孩子问题所造成的苦恼。

经济增长能促进人类道德进步吗？

[6］通过富国和穷国、富人和穷人之间的对比，我们仔细了解了美国梦，即获得财富、过上富裕的生活。现在还剩最后一个问题：随着时间的流逝，幸福感与财富相伴相随吗？

[7]否。彩票中奖者只能从奖品中获得短暂的快乐。回头看，赢得彩票，他们的确感到高兴。但这种快乐不会持续长久。事实上，以前曾经令人愉快的活动，如读书，变得不那么令人愉快。与赢得百万美元的兴奋相比，平常的快乐黯然失色。[8］就小范围而言，收入的剧增能在短期内提升我们的道德标准。“但不是长远的，”英格哈特解释道，“一支冰激凌、一辆新车、成名赢利等，都不能与起初的快乐感相提并论……幸福并非源自有钱，而是刚刚有钱时短暂的感受。”埃德·迪纳的研究证实，那些奋斗了10年、收入逐渐增加的人并不比那些收入没有增加的人更幸福。如此看来，财富好比健康：虽然赤贫会导致悲惨，但有钱并不能保证幸福。与其说幸福是获得我们想要的东西，还不如说是想得到我们已经拥有的东西。

今天我们更幸福吗？

[9］我们还可以时不时地问自己，我们的总体幸福感是否随着经济增长的势头而水涨船高。今天的我们比20世纪40年代的人们更幸福吗？那时，5个家庭中有2个没有淋浴或盆浴的设施，取暖则需往壁炉里添加木柴或煤炭，35％的家庭甚至没有卫生间。1957年，经济学家约翰·加尔布雷斯曾打算把美国列入富国的行列。当时美国的人均收入用现在的美元价值来换算还不到8 000元，而今天则超过了人均16 000美元，这要归功于70年代真实工资的提高，非工资收入的增加，还有己婚妇女就业率的翻倍增长。与1957年相比，我们的社会应该是“相当富裕的社会”―有翻番的钱购买包括比原来多一倍的私家车，更甭提微波炉、宽屏彩电、家用电脑以及每年在餐馆、酒吧消费掉的2 000亿美元比1960年金融危机调整后每人在餐馆中的消费增长了2 . 5倍。从1960年到1990年，我们人均拥有的财富为：

洗碗机的拥有率从7％猛增到45 % ;

衣服烘干机的拥有率从20％增长到69 % ;

空调的拥有率从巧％猛增到70％。

人们的心情却并非最佳时期

[10]如此看来，认为多点钱就会使我们多点快乐，近40年来我们的财富像齿轮般旋转着向上增长，我们现在是否就更快乐呢？

[11］事实并非如此。据芝加哥大学全国民意调查中心统计，自1957年以来，自司匆称“非常幸福”的人的数量在逐渐下滑，从35％下滑至30％。财富翻了番，但幸福感却在下降。事实上，1956年至1988年间，说“对目前的经济状况相当满意”的美国人的比例从42％跌至30％。

[12]同时我们更多地感到彻底的沮丧。据宾夕法尼亚大学研究所的马丁·塞利格曼报道，第二次世界大战后出生的美国人中，患抑郁症的人数急剧上升―上升了10倍。今天25岁左右的年轻人比75岁左右的老年人更多地回想起生活中曾经有过的沮丧、绝望的日子，尽管老年人在更多的日子里经历了各种各样的痛苦，从腿部骨折到经济萧条所带来的极大痛苦等。研究者在争论越来越多的忧伤的实际定义……但无论我们如何定义忧伤，发现的结果依然是：在更富裕的环境中长大的青少年，总体幸福感有所下降，而患忧郁症的可能性却大为上升，更甭提青少年自杀己多了三倍，还有其他我们需考虑的社会病态。从未有哪种文化有过如此舒适的物质生活与如此悲苦的精神生活交织在一起的经历。我们从未感到像现在这样自由，然而我们的监狱也从未像现在这样人满为患。我们对快乐的理解也从未像现在这样精深，然而我们却更有可能承受破碎的家庭所带来的痛苦。

[13]这是历史上物质最丰富的时代，“是一个充满了名利和贪欲的时代”，加里森·凯勒说，但却不是人们心情愉悦的最佳时期。威廉·贝内特虽不是自由市场经济的批评家，却是认识到没有道德准则的

经济是无效的经济、没有光荣使命的金钱是无价值的金钱的人。他说：“即使我们全员就业，经济增长更快，即使我们的城市是金雕玉砌的，假如我们的孩子没有学会善良、正义、怜悯，那么，无论我们的社会如何镶金镀银，也会最终在世界民族之林中消亡的。

工程硕士 研究生英语基础教程课后习题 Unit1-15 汉译英全部 精校版

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Keys Unit One 1. In the Frozen Waters of Qomolangma, I Learned the Value of Humility Comprehension Exercise Decide on the best choice to answer or complete each of the following. 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B Put the following into Chinese 1．我在想，如果出现意外，那么我那冻僵的身体需要多长时间才能沉到公里深的海底呢我紧接着意识到，对于一个仅着一条泳裤、试图游完这象征性的1公里人来说，下水前还能有什么比这更糟的念头吗我的内心深处在颤抖，感到非常恐惧。 2. 我在珠穆朗玛峰上学到了两个基本的经验教训，第一，过去有用的东西并不意味着今天一定有用。第二，不同的挑战需要不同的心态去应对。现在，无论我做什么事情，都要先问问自己我需要何种心态来成功地完成任务。 3. 我们已经以某种方式生存了如此之久，我们已经以某种方式消费了如此之久，我们已经以某种方式在地球上居住了如此之久，但这并不意味着，我们过去所做的决定今天依然正确。 4. 我在世界屋脊上的游泳改变了我，在一定程度上，我希望它证明一切皆有可能。只要我们谨慎合作，我们就有可能进行谦逊的对话，并超越对话，付诸行动。 2. Taking Lessons from What Went Wrong Comprehension Exercises Decide on the best choice to answer or complete each of the following. 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 2. Put the following into Chinese 他们说，灾难会带来惨痛的教训，因为在技术上取得成功的原因往往是随机的、不可见的，而造成某个失败的原因通常是可以被找到、被证明和被修复的，从而达到改进的目的。 技术分析人员认为，一种建设性的冲动---以及它对深海钻探可能产生的结果，是通过分析失败的原因获得革新，革新使油井变得更安全，尽管降低对石油依赖也能带来很多好处。 几组调查人员认真研究了这座桥梁坍塌的原因，吊桥设计人员从中汲取了一些教训，其中最主要的是：要保证桥面公路的重量和围梁的强度，使之足以避免因强风引起的危险摇晃。但是工程师们似乎一致认为，调查中的发现最终将改进深海石油钻探技术---至少到下一次意想不到的悲剧发生之前，或到下一次促使技术变得更加安全的教训之前。 Dad Comprehension Exercises 1. Decide on the best choice to answer or complete each of the following. 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. A 2. Put the following into Chinese 1. 他当时33岁，我4岁，他有力的大手一把握住我细小的双臂，轻而易举地把我扛上肩头，使我能居高临下地看到我想看到的一切。 2. 但是，对于一个生活在二战后的小男孩来说，父亲就像一个具有神秘力量和威力的神，超乎凡人之上，无所不能，无所不知， 3. 每天晚上他下班回来以后，我们都会练习握手。戴着克利夫兰印第安球队的旧帽子的我，蹒跚地跑向身材高大的父亲，一遍又一遍地认真同他握手，直到能够握得很紧。 4. 第二年，我的狗被车轧死，我感到悲痛难忍。这时，父亲来到我身边，用他有力的双臂

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Unit1 从能力到责任 当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西：追求安全保障，追逐物质财富的积累。年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为，但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段，他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在，寻找生活的意义。一如芸芸众生的我们，他们也陷入了两难的境地。一方面，他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义，而另一方面，他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑，陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。 最终而言，大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。尼布尔曾经写道：“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任，他才能够认识到自身的潜力。一个人如果一味地以自我为中心，他将会失去自我。”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省，使学生超越以自我为中心的观念，以诚相待，服务社会。在这一个竞争激烈＼残酷的社会，人们期望大学生能报以正直、文明，，甚至富有同情心的人格品质去与人竞争，这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力，如今是否仍然适合? 毫无疑问，大学生应该履行公民的义务。美国的教育必须立刻采取行动，使教育理所当然地承担起弥合公共政策与公众的理解程度之间的极具危险性且在日益加深的沟壑这一职责。那些要求人们积极思考政府的议程并提供富于创意的意见的信息似乎越来越让我们感到事不关己。所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。设想，怎么可能让一些非专业人士去讨论必然带来相应后果的政府决策的问题，而他们甚至连语言的使用都存在困难? 核能的使用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。 类似的一头雾水的感觉，公众曾经尝试过。当他们试图弄懂有关“星球大战”的辩论的问题时，那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语，曾让公众一筹莫展。像地方的区域规划，学校种族隔离制的废除，排水系统的问题，公共交通的治理，以及申请获得正在相互竞争的有线电视公司的许可证等这些曾经看起来只是一些地方性事务的事情，现在也需要专家采解决。这些专家的辩论充满着技术术语，常常使问题变得让人迷惑不解而不会使问题云开雾散，清晰明了。公共生活的复杂性，要求更多＼而非更少的信息资料；需要更积极＼而非越来越消极的公众的参与。 对于那些关心“民治政府”的人，公众理解程度的每况愈下是无法接受的。当今世界，人类生存问题吉凶未卜，无知是不可取的。那些目光短浅的专家们制定措施时一手遮天，这也是不可容忍的。作为公民，我们只有找到更好的教育方法，只有提出更棘手的问题，并得到满意的答案，才能在关键的决策时刻承担风险，运用我们所学的知识做出重大决定，否则，我们只能基于盲目地相信一个或几个所谓的专家做出决策。 我们的民主社会需要一批受过良好教育关心他人的年轻人群策群力，本着共同的信念，团结在一起，相互学习，参与到社会民主的建设之中。 民主的社会需要关心民主社会的公众，需要他们成为善于发问的民主参与者，成为知道怎样提出恰如其份的问题的人，知道公共政策的决策形成过程，并能够对那些影响深远的问题做出敏锐的，有见地的判断。诚然，没有哪个社会机构能独立培养我们所需的领导人才，但我们深信，如果“民治政府’’要有生命力的话，大学相对子其他机构来说，更有责任去培养我们国家所急需的具有宏畴伟略的领导人。 为了完成这个迫切的使命，年轻人的目光不能仅仅停留在国内，还必须放眼世界。现在的学生不但要对本国的人民与文化了如指掌，而且也应该熟知本国以外的文明。人类的势力范围已涉及到太空，一切变得都很明了，我们都是同一个星球的守护者。在过去的半个世纪中，我们的地球变得越来越拥挤，相互依赖性越来越强，同时也更加变化莫测。如果学生只一味自以为是，不能更好地理解自己在芸芸众生中的地位，那么他们对生活的社会所应承担的责任的能力将慢慢被消磨殆尽，及至危险的境地。 世界或许还没有变成一个小村庄。但可以肯定的是，我们的邻里意识必须加以扩展。当旱灾席卷撒哈拉沙漠，当印度支那战争带来难民潮时，我们的同情心，我们富于分析的智慧都不再受缚于地图上的政治分界线。我们开始知道，饥荒和人权已如同武器＼条约一样，对人类团结起着决定性的影响。最令人担心的是，蘑菇云已在人类意识里投下了不祥的阴影。这些业已存在的事实及其带来的后果都必须让每个学生了解。