语法填空专题复习——定语从句

语法填空&短文改错专题复习——定语从句(The Attribute Clause)

一、定语从句的基本概念

1.担任定语功能的句子就称为定语从句，定语从句子在句中的作用相当于形容词，一般放在名词（先行词）的后面。被定语从句修饰的名词、代词等就称为先行词，先行词一般位于定语从句之前。定语从句一般译为“......的.....”。

2.关系词：引导定语从句的词就被称为关系词

关系词特点：①引导定语从句；②代词先行词；③在定语从句中担任一个成分，如主语、宾语或状语等。

3.关系词的分类：

①关系代词：

指人：who (作主语、宾语) whom (作宾语) that (主语、宾语、表语）as(作主语、宾语、表语) 指物：which(作主语、宾语) that (作主语、宾语) as(作主语、宾语、表语)

指所属关系：whose (某人的，某物的)

②关系副词：where(地点状语) when (时间状语) why (原因状语)

where= on/ in/ at/to which when=on/ in / at / during which why= for which

二、定语从句在语法填空和短文改错的常考点

1. 关系代词和关系副词的正确使用。

2. 定语从句中谓语动词的主谓一致或时态、语态问题。

注：①从句中谓语动词的主谓一致、时态、语态上的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词为单数或不可数名词，从句谓动为单数形式，先行词为复数，从句谓动为复数形式。

②定语从句的时态不受主句的限制，视从句的具体情况来定。若定语从句的谓语表示的动作和主句谓语表示的动作同时发生，则要求使用同样的时态，若主句与定语从句的谓语表示的动作如果不是同时发生，时态则不要求一致。

如：The woman who /that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother.

(昨天在会议上发言的那位妇女是我妈妈。主句 The woman is my mother. 叙述客观事实用一般现在时。从句 who (that) spoke at the meeting yesterday 句中有 yesterday（昨天），表示过去的时间，所以从句用过去时。)

The girl who_______ is in red is my best friend.

如何判断一个句子是什么类型句子？

（1）英语句式可分为三类：简单句，并列句和复合句。

简单句：一个句子只包含一个主谓结构。

并列句：含有两个或两个以上独立分句，分句用并列连词连接，每个分句都有自己的主谓结构。复合句：是一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在，所以主句和从句之间往往有关系代词或连接代词连接。主句有自己的主谓结构，从句也有自己主谓结构。

练习：区分下列句子哪些是简单句、并列句或复合句。

She was the author who wrote this great book. ______________

She was an author. She wrote this great book. ______________

She was an author and she wrote this great book. _____________

（2）如何判断定语从句?

She was the person who wrote this great book.

主谓先行词关系词从谓定语从句

Step 1：判断从句类型

根据从句在主句中充当的成分来判断从句类型。

1.作定语，位于名词、代词之后修饰名词，或是在一个句子之后，有逗号隔开，则是定语从句；

2.作主语，位于谓语动词之前，则是主语从句；

3.作宾语，位于谓语动词,介词,形容词之后，则是宾语从句；

4.作表语，位于系动词之后，则是表语从句；

5.作同位语，位于名词之后说明其前面的名词的具体内容，则是同位语从句；

6.作状语，一般是独立成句，则是状语从句

Step 2：找准主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词

如：My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software.

The building which stands by the river is our school.

Step 3：分清主句及从句

主句有自己的主谓结构，从句也有主谓结构，从句须由一个关联词引导，起到联系从句和主句的作用。关联词之后的主谓结构与关联词构成从句。

练习：划出句子的主句、从句和找出关系词

In their class there are fifteen students who can speak English well.

Do you know the boy to whom my mother is talking?

I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could ask me question in Chinese.

三、定语从句的分类

用who代替，而且whom不能省略。

如：I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards.

②在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时，只能用whom，且不能够省略。

如：Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.

He is the man (whom/ that/who) I saw yesterday.

练习：把下面的两个句子写成一个含有定语从句的句子。

(1)He is the man. The man lives next door. _______________________________________________

(2)I happened to meet the professor____________ I got to know at a party in the shopping center yesterday.

（二）whose 的用法

whose= the+ n. + of which/ whom, 指代人或物，在从句中充当定语，表所属关系，意为“某人/某物的.....”

练习：把下面的两个句子写成一个含有定语从句的句子。

(1)I’d like a room. The window of the room faces the sea.

______________________________________________________________________________________________ (2) The girl is my best friend. Her mother is a teacher.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________ (3)This is the scientist___________achievements are well known.

（三）which 的用法

关系代词which，指代物，在从句中充当主语、表语和宾语，在限制性定语从句中可以省略，但若作介词的宾语，则不可以省略，在非限制性定语从句中也不能省略。

练习：把下面的两个句子写成一个含有定语从句的句子。

(1)The train is for Shanghai. The train has just left.

________________________________________________________________________________________________ (2)This is the house_____________Lu Xun used to live.

（四）that 的用法

关系代词that，指代人或物，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语，作宾语、表语的时候可以省略。that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。

练习：把下面的两个句子写成一个含有定语从句的句子。

(1)The chair is being repaired. You broke the chair yesterday.

________________________________________________________________________________________________

(2)Is he the man _____________ wants to see you?

(3)改错：He said that he had never seen her before，that was not true.

重点难点：

1.只能用关系代词that的情况

（1）当先行词是不定代词all, much, few, any, little, no, every, something, anything, everything, nothing, none等时，关系代词只能用that。

E.g. I did everything __________ could help her.

（2）当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用that。

E.g. This is the best film _________has been shown so far in the city.

The first thing __________ we should do now is to find a local guide.

（3）当先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只能用that。

E.g. I am going to talk about the countries an people_________I have visited.

He talked about the teachers and school____________he visited.

（4）当先行词有the only, the same, the very修饰时，关系代词只能用that。

E.g. These articles are the very ones_________ should be read.

Cheating is the only thing _________interested her most.

（5）当主句是以who, what 或which开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复用that。

E.g. Who is the person____________ is standing at the gate?

（6）当先行词在主句中作表语，关系代词也在从句中作表语时。

E.g. He is not the man__________he used to be.

（7）当先行词是基数词时，关系代词只能用that。

E.g. Now you can see the two that are still alive.

（8）在以there be…的句子中，先行词为物时。

E.g. There are two books on history that are for you.

2.只用which不能用that的情况

（1）which既可引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，但that不能引导非限制性定语从句。

（2）介词之后只能用which不能用that。

如：The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.

The pen with which you are writing is Mike’s.

（3）（9）当主句中主语被that修饰时。

E.g. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.

3.只能用who不能用that的情况

（1）先行词是one, ones, he 泛指某人，anyone，those 或被those修饰，指人时。

如：Those ________ learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed. One ________ fails to reach the Great Wall is not a hero.

=He ________ doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man.

Anyone_________breaks the law should be punished

（2）在非限制性定语从句中指人。

如：I met a friend of mine in the street, __________ had just come from America.

（3）定语从句中有插入语时, 且先行项为人时。如：Jackson is a man who I believe is honest.

（4）在以there be…的句子中，先行词为人时。

如：There is a student outside who wants to see you.

（5）当定语从句中又有定语从句,且先行词都为人时。

如：The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hard.

（6）当指人的先行词被一些指物的名词修饰时。

如：Do you know the woman in blue with a baby on her back who is working in the fields? （五）as的用法

1.引导限制性定语从句

当先行词前有so，such，the same，as修饰时，关系代词as 子在从句中充当主语、宾语和表语。如：These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected. (as 在从句中作宾语)

He is not the same man as he was. (as在从句中作表语)

We have found that such materials as are used in their factor. (as在从句中作主语)

2.引导非限制性定语从句

as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词是整个句子，as指代主句的内容。译为“正如，像，由...而知”如：As everybody knows, Shakespeare is a famous writer.

as 常用的习惯用语：as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样

as is well known= as is known to all 众所周知as is often the case 正如往常那样

as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的as has been said before 如上所述

as I remember 正如我所记得的那样

3.as 和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别

（1）as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句；而which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是整个主句，也可以是主句中的某一个词。

（2）as引导的从句位置比较灵活，可位于句首，句中或句尾，而which引导的从句只能位于句中。（3）as引导从句时常译为“正如….”，而which常译为“这..；那…”。

E.g. He did the experiment successfully，as had been expected.

正如期望的那样，他试验做得非常成功。

He failed in the experiment，which was unexpected.

他试验失败了，这是没有料到的。

（4）当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。

E.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.

四、关系副词的用法

1. when =on/ in / at/ during which, 指代时间，在句中作时间状语。

如：April the first is the day when people make fun of others.

= April the first is the day on which people make fun of others. (....on April the first) 注：当指代时间先行词，在从句中不作状语，而是作主语或宾语，此时不能用when引导，而是用which或that引导。

如：I still remember the day_____________we spent in the countryside.

I still remember the day ___________ I first came to Beijing.

2.where =on/ in / at/ to which, 指代地点(如：house, room, place, school, factory 等具体地点名词，或是模糊地点的名词condition, point, position, case, situation, activity等)，在句中作地点状语。

如：This is the village where I lived ten years ago.

= This is the village in which I lived ten years ago. (live in)

They have reached the point where they have to separate.

注：当指代地点的先行词，在从句中不作状语，而是作主语或宾语，此时不能用where引导，而是用which或that引导。

如：Keep the books in a place___________you can find them easily.

This is the house ____________we visited yesterday.

3.why=for which, 指代原因，在句中作原因状语。

E.g. This is the reason why she was absent from school.

注：当指代原因先行词,一般是reason，在从句中不作状语，而是作主语或宾语，此时不能用when 引导，而是用which或that引导。

如：This is the reason __________ he gave me.

I have come around to explain the reason __________ I refused his offer.

五、“介词+关系代词which/ whom”的用法

1. 前面能够搭配介词的关系代词只有which（先行词指物/事）或whom（先行词指人），且不能省略，其他的关系代词或关系副词前都不能有介词。

2. 关系代词钱介词如何确定？

（1）依据定语从句中动词所需要的某种固定搭配来确定。

如：Mary is the girl whom I borrowed a book from.

= Mary is the girl from whom I borrowed a book. ( borrow sth. from sb. /sp.)

I bought a great many books, which I spent all my money on.

I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money. (spend+时间/金钱+on sth.) （2）根据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定。

如：I’ll never forget the time when /during which I spent my childhood in the country. （3）根据所表达的意思来确定。如：The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.

六、定语从句中的注意事项

1. 关系代词只能是在从句中做宾语的时候才能省略，关系副词不能省略。

2. 当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，那么定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面，要与先行词保持一致。

如：I didn’t meet the guests who___________(be) here.

This is the building which__________( built) last year.

I , who_________(be) your teacher, will try my best to help you.

Water，which ________(be) a clear liquid(液体)，has many uses.

3. way做先行词引导的定语从句

如果先行词way在后面的定语从句中作宾语时，则用that、which或省略引导词。如果way在定语从句中作状语的话，则用in which，that 或省略引导词。

如：The way that/ which/不填he explained to us was quite simple.

this is the way that /in which/不填he studies English.

4. 定语从句和同位语从句的区别

①在整个句子中的作用不同，定语从句充当定语，用来修饰、限定先行词；同位语从句充当先行词（名词）的同位语，用来对前面的抽象名词进一步说明和解释。

②定语从句跟在名词、代词、或是整个句子之后；同位语从句一般是跟在idea, fact, news, hope, thought, doubt, truth, promise, order, possibility等抽象名词之后。

③引导词不同，同位语从句还可以用how, whether, what引导，而定语从句不能用；引导词在定语从句中充当一定的成分（如主、宾、表语或定语），而引导词在同位语从句中只起到连接主句和从句的作用，不充当任何成分。

④同位语从句也是跟在名词之后。所以，我们要知道定语从句与同位语从句之间的区别。我们讲过一个方法——将is放在被修饰词与从句之间，逆向翻译与顺向翻译意义不变，则多半是同位语从句，反之为定语从句。

如：The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.

The news (that/which）we heard on the radio was not true.

（区分以上两个句子哪个是定语从句哪个是同位语从句）

5. 定语从句和强调句的区别

由it引导的句型结构，常可构成强调句或定语从句，两者极易混淆。

强调句型：It is (was)+被强调部分( 主语/宾语/状语)+that/who+其它. 常译为“是，就是......”

区分定语从句和强调句的方法：

一般来说，如果将it is/was...与连接词that/who/when等去掉，句子仍然意义完整，就为强调句型。否则，就为定语从句，其关系词的选择，应根据先行词与从句的关系而定。

例句1. It's in the house that he lives.

去掉后是：( It's ) in the house (that) he lives.=He lives in the house.

句意完整，所以该句为强调句，翻译为他就是住在这栋房子里。

例句2. It's the house where/ in which he lives.

去掉后是：( It's ) the house ( where ) he lives.

He lives the house. 很明显这是错误的，所以该句为定语从句。

练习：分析这两个句子，哪一句是强调句，哪一句是定语从句。

It is the date when she went abroad. It is on the date that she went abroad.

语法填空：It is 3:00 o’clock___________ we have the meeting.

It was the boy ___________stole the money.

This is the village____________ I lived ten years ago.

强调句的其它结构：It is /was not until…… that……“直到….才….”

如：It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.

6. 定语从句中的虚拟语气

虚拟语气还可用在定于从句中，表示：“该是做….的时候了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is (high / about) time that 从句（从句谓语动词用一般过去时/ should + 动词原形）如：It is time that I___________(go) to pick up my daughter at school.

七、解题技巧

第一步：分析先行词

先行词分为人，物，人和物，时间，地点，原因，句子这几种情况。

人作为先行词：who(主宾表), whom（宾表）, whose（定，表所属关系）, that（主宾表）.

物作为先行词：that（主宾表）, which（主宾表）, whose（定，表所属关系）

时间作为先行词：作时间状语用when, 作主、宾语用that或which；

地点作为先行词：作地点状语用where, 作主、宾语用that或which；

原因(一般是reason)作为先行词：作原因状语用why, 作主、宾语用that或which；

人和物共同做先行词时：关系词只能用that （还有其他只能用that的特殊情况）

在非限制性定语从句中：(特点：有逗号把主句和从句隔开) 若先行词为主句中的某一成分，且指人，则用who或介词+whom；若先行词为主句中的某一成分，且指物，则用which或介词+which,若指代的是主句整个句子，则用which(这….)或as(正如…..)。

第二步：分析从句缺少什么成分

分析从句成分是解决定语从句试题的最为重要的一个步骤。分析从句成分时以动词为中心，动词前则为主语，动词后则为宾语，系动词之后则为表语。

用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。若从句谓语动词为及物动词或系动词，前面无主语或后面无宾语，则一定用关系代词；若从句谓语动词及物动词前后已经有主语和宾语，或是动词为不及物动词时，则一定用关系副词。

如：Do you know the girl _____________ is singing on the stage.

I’ll cherish the moment _________ I met Lisa.

This is the house ___________we visited yesterday.

I still remember the day__________ is his birthday.

This is the house ___________we lived two years ago.

第三步：考虑特殊情况

1、只用that的情况：①先行词既有人又有物；②先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing….；③先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；④先行词有only, very, any等词修饰。

2、只用which而不用that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；②代表整个主句的意思；③介词+ 关系代词。

短文改错专项练习

高考语法填空(定语从句专项练习)

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定语从句用法归纳完整版

定语从句用法归纳标准化管理处编码[BBX968T-XBB8968-NNJ668-MM9N]

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Section 8定语从句 两年高考真题演练 1．(2015·江苏高考)The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 2．(2015·湖南高考)It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages. 3．(2015·北京高考)Opposite is St.Paul's Church, ________ you can hear some lovely music. 4．(2015·浙江高考)Creating an atmosphere in ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. 5．(2015·重庆高考)He wrote many children's books, nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s. 6．(2015·陕西高考)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent. 7．(2015·四川高考)The books on the desk, ________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us. 8．(2015·天津高考)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work. 9．(2015·安徽高考)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends.

初中英语定语从句的用法归纳

初中英语定语从句用法归纳 定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导（1）。初中英语中的定语从句仅限于限制性定于从句，但对初中生来说，定语从句既是一个重点，也是一个难点。 一、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同。 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后，而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如： The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher. 先行词定语从句 昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。 二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系（2）。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如： I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. （主语） 先行词关系代词 我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。 The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(宾语)先行词关系代词 我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。 The woman is his mother whose name is Linda Brown. (定语)

(完整版)高考英语单句语法填空—定语从句专项练习

定语从句 考纲解读：定语从句是历年高考重要的语法考点之一,也是高中英语教学的重点与难点。在语法填空和短文改错中,所考查的往往不是特别难，难在学生判断不出是定语从句，在定语从句中考查的就是关系代词或者关系副词，学生们需要首先判断出是定语从句，然后再进行定语从句的一些分析。 高考热点： 1. 关系代词和关系副词的判断 2.介词加关系代词引导定语从句 3.定语从句和其它从句的区分 一）最新高考真题展示（2015） 1. （2015北京，24）Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, _________ you can hear some lovely music. 2. （2015江苏，21）The number of smokers, _______ is reported, has dropped by 17% in just one year. 3. （2015天津，15）The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ___________ his employees enjoy their work. 4. （2015安徽，28）Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends. 5. （2015福建，34）China Today attracts a worldwide readership, ______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 6. （2015湖南，29）It is a truly delightful place, _______ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its wending streets and pretty cottages. 7. （2015陕西，15）As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ______ he should be able to be independent. 8. （2015四川，3）The books on the desk, _______ covers are shiny, are prizes for us. 9. （2015浙江，19）Creating an atmosphere _______ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. 二）历年高考真题回顾（2011年至2014年）