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全国职称英语等级考试（理工类A级）章节题库

第1章词汇选项

◆名词

1.The merit of sales tax is that it decreases government reliance on income taxes.

A.balance

B.outcome

C.virtue

D.supply

【答案】C

【解析】句意：销售税的好处在于它减轻了政府对收入所得税的依赖。merit在句中的意思是“优点；好处”，与virtue(优点(道德、品行方面))的意思相近。balance平衡。outcome 成果；结果。supply供给，提供。

2.They had a far better yield than any other farm miles away around this year.

A.goods

B.soil

C.climate

D.harvest

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他们今年的产量比几英里内的任何一家农场都要好得多。yield产量，收益。harvest收获，产量。二者意思相近，可相互替换。goods商品，货物。climate气

候；风气。因此，本题的正确答案为D。

3.According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud,wisdom comes from the achievement of maturity.

A.fulfillment

B.acquirement

C.establishment

D.accomplishment

【答案】B

【解析】句意：精神分析学家弗洛伊德认为，智慧来自于成熟。achievement成就，达到。acquirement取得；成就。二者意思相近，可相互替换。fulfillment履行；实行。establishment确立，制定。accomplishment(顺利)完成。因此，本题的正确答案为B。

4.It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to rewards.

A.pay

B.prizes

C.awards

D.results

【答案】C

【解析】句意：人们普遍认为，婴儿学会做事情是因为某些行为会有奖励。rewards奖励。awards奖赏、奖励。二者意思相近，可相互替换。pay报酬。prize奖品。result结果。

因此，本题的正确答案为C。

5.Every new venture has the possibility of making or losing money.

A.event

B.project

C.adventure

D.expectation

【答案】B

【解析】句意：每一个新企业都有赚钱和赔钱的可能性。venture冒险事业，商业冒险。project项目，事业。多指有一定风险性的、创新的项目。二者意思相近，可相互替换。event事件。adventure冒险经历。expectation前程；预期。因此，本题的正确答案为B。

6.We volunteered to collect money to help the victims of the earthquake.

A.sufferer

B.folks

C.fellows

D.villagers

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我们自愿募集钱来帮助地震灾民。victims受害者。sufferer受害者。二者意思相近，可相互替换。folks家属。fellows伙伴，同事。villagers村民。因此，本题的正确答案为A。

7.In1860Andrew Johnson often risked his life by telling crowds of people that secession from the Union would be harmful.

A.theft

B.withdrawal

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/7b404499.html,cation

D.judgement

【答案】B

【解析】句意：1860年安德鲁·约翰逊经常冒着生命危险告诉人们脱离欧盟将是有害的。secession退出，脱离。withdrawal撤退，撤开。二者意思相近，可相互替换。theft盗窃。education教育。judgment判断。因此，本题的正确答案为B。

8.Recent studies have shown that the stature of male Americans has scarcely changed in the past two hundred years.

A.weight

B.height

C.life span

D.head size

【答案】B

【解析】句意：最近的研究表明，在过去的二百年内美国男性的身高几乎没有任何变化。stature身高，个子。与height同义。weight重量，体重。life span寿命。因此，本题的正确答案为B。

9.Numerous parallels exist between Ernest Hemingway’s life and the lives of his characters.

A.studies

B.problems

C.similarities

D.biases

【答案】C

【解析】句意：欧内斯特·海明威的生活和他书中的角色的生活之间存在许多相似之处。parallel类似，相同。与similarity同义。biases偏见，单数形式为bias。因此，本题的正确答案为C。

10.By1929,two years after the start of the“talkies”,motion picture theaters in the

United States were attracting100million patrons every week.

A.owners

B.actors

C.customers

D.critics

【答案】C

【解析】句意：到1929年，也就是“有声电影”出现的两年之后，美国电影院每周会吸引1亿多的顾客。patron赞助人。在本句话中实际上指的是“电影院的观众”，也就是“顾客”。因此，可用customers替换。owner所有者。actor演员。critic评论家。

故本题的正确答案为C。

11.The anhinga is a black water bird that frequents the perimeters of the everglades.

A.waters

B.swamps

C.forests

D.edges

【答案】D

【解析】句意：美洲蛇鸟是一个经常出现在大沼泽地周围的黑色水鸟。perimeter周围；

边界。edge边缘。二者意思相近，可相互替换。waters海域。swamp沼泽，湿地。forest 森林。因此，本题的正确答案为D。

12.Although research has shown that asparagus does contain many important

nutrients,it is not,as it was once regarded,a panacea.

A.an anomaly

B.a delicacy

C.a life-form

D.a cure-all

【答案】D

【解析】句意：虽然研究表明芦笋中的确包含许多重要的营养素，但它并不是人们通常认为的灵丹妙药。panacea灵丹妙药。与cure-all同义。因此，本题的正确答案为D。

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