【十年高考】2005-2014年全国各地高考英语试题分类汇编：非谓语动词

【十年高考】2005-2014年全国各地试题分类汇编：非谓语动词

【05北京】It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. __________ the answers ready will be of great help.

A. To have had

B. Having had

C. Have

D. Having

【答案】

【解析】动名词“Having the answers ready”作主语。动词不定式也可以做主语, 但显然这儿不可用完成形式, 所以选A是错误的。

【05北京】When asked by the police, he said that he remembered ______ at the party, but not __________.

A. to arrive, leaving

B. to arrive, to leave

C. arriving, leaving

D. arriving, to leave

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查remember后的宾语用动名词和不定式用法的区别。在remember, forget, regret等动词后接不定式时表示将来的动作；后接动名词时, 表示已完成的动作。句意为：当警察向他询问时, 他说他记得已到了晚会现场但没有记住是否离开。【05北京】The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _____ vacation to China.

A. paying

B. paid

C. to be paid

D. being paid

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查过去分词短语作后置定语。由句意“这次比赛的奖品是3万美元和到中国的免费假期。”可看出, expense与pay之间的关系是修饰限定关系, 即pay 作expense的后置定语。两者之间是被动关系, 因此排除A答案；C项表示将来的被动；D项表示正在进行的被动, 故只能选B答案。

【05北京】I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise __________.

A. going on

B. goes on

C. went on

D. to go on

【答案】A

【解析】本题考查现在分词作宾语补足语。宾语与宾语补足语构成逻辑上的主谓关系, 即“that noise went on”。故本题选择A选项。

【05山东】Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, ______ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.

A. have reached

B. reaching

C. to reach

D. to be reaching

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查现在分词短语作结果状语。从句意来分析, 主句部分表示油价上涨了百分之三十二, 逗号后面的内容为油价上涨后的结果, “达到……记录”。此句也可换成：Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year and reached a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.

【05广东】He glanced over at her, ______ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.

A. noting

B. noted

C. to note

D. having noted

【答案】A

【解析】根据上下文这里只能是用ing的一般式作状语表示结果, noting 这一动作和句中谓语动词glanced的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生, 因此要用ing的一般式。完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。此句也可换成：He glanced over at her and noted that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.

【05广东】He hurried to the station only ______ that the train had left.

A. to find

B. finding

C. found

D. to have found

【答案】A

【解析】动词不定式前有only, never等副词时, 通常作结果状语, 常译作：“结果……”。

【05湖北】The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well ______.

A. to spend

B. spent

C. being spent

D. spending

【答案】B

【解析】由于money与spend之间为被动关系, 故用过去分词。

【05湖北】______from other continents for millions of years ,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.

A. Being separated

B. Having separated

C. Having been separated

D. To be separated

【答案】C

【解析】因为Australia与separate是被动关系, 且separate发生在谓语动词has之前, 所以用现在分词的完成被动式作原因状语。

【05湖南】_____ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

A. Dressed

B. To dress

C. Dressing

D. Having dressed

【答案】A

【解析】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意为：他穿着白色制服看上去与其说像大夫倒不如说像厨师。dress是及物动词, 其用法为dress sb./oneself（表动作）；be dressed in（表状态）。dress与句子的主语he之间是动宾关系, 故用过去分词作状语, 表被动。【05湖南】I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _____ in a year.

A. follows

B. followed

C. to follow

D. being followed

【答案】C

【解析】从题中in a year这一时间状语暗示将来, 可知A、B两项错误；the rest与follow 之间是主谓关系, 故D项错误。不定式表示将要发生的事情, 故C项正确。

【05江苏】---- Is Bob still performing?

---- I’m afraid not. He is said________ the stage already as he has become an official

A. to have left

B. to leave

C. to have been left

D. to be left

【答案】A

【解析】考查不定式的完成式。动词不定式的完成式表示过去发生的事或已经完成的动作或表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。I’m afraid not. 表明Bob现在不再演出, 已经离开了舞台。

【05江苏】________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police

A. Having lost

B. Lost

C. Being lost

D. Losing

【答案】B

【解析】过去分词Lost=Having been lost=Having been missing表示一种持续的状态。【05江西】________ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life.

A. Having given up hope of cure

B. With no hope for cure

C. There being hope for cure

D. In the hope of cure

【答案】B

【考点】此题考查with的复合结构作状语的用法。

【解析】逗号前的内容作状语, 该部分是由介词with构成的短语及现在分词短语suffering from the terrible disease构成的, 介词with有两个宾语, 分别是no hope for cure和no way to reduce her pain。句意是：这位病人由于没有治愈的希望和减轻其痛苦的方法, 她饱受疾病煎熬, 于是请求大夫结束她的生命。

【05江西】I think you’ll grow ________ him when you know him better.

A. liking

B. to be like

C. to like

D. to be liking

【答案】C

【解析】句意为：我认为当你对他比较了解后, 会慢慢喜欢他的。grow此处的意思是“逐渐, 慢慢”, to like是不定式作结果状语。B项中like为介词“像”；而grow liking 及grow to be liking均讲不通。

【05江西】The manager, _____ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.

A. who has made

B. having made

C. made

D. making

【答案】B

【解析】因为The manager与make是主动关系, 且make发生在谓语left之前, 所以用现在分词的完成式作状语, having made ... 相当于who had made...的意思。

【05全国II】While watching television, __________.

A. the doorbell rang

B. the doorbell rings

C. we heard the doorbell ring

D. we heard the doorbell rings

【答案】C

【解析】因为题干使用了watching, 可以推断该句主语为人, 排除A、B两项。又因为hear是感官动词, 其后要使用动词原形作宾语补足语, 所以D项不对。

【05全国II】_________, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.

A. General speaking

B. Speaking general

C. Generally speaking

D. Speaking generally 【答案】C

【解析】现在分词短语作为习语（一般说来）不需要遵守分词的附着规则：分词短语作状语其逻辑主语就是句子的主语, 否则就是“垂悬分词”。

【05全国Ⅲ】“You can’t catch me!”Janet shouted, __________ away.

A. run

B. running

C. to run

D. ran

【答案】B

【解析】running away在此作shouted的伴随状语, 由Janet发出这一动作, 故用现在分词形式。

【05全国I】The storm left , _____a lot of damage to this area .

A. caused

B. to have caused

C. to cause

D. having caused

【答案】D

【解析】having caused a lot of damage to thisarea在句中作结果状语, 因The storm与cause是主动关系, 排除选项A；不定式作状语, 前面通常不用逗号, 排除B和C；因暴风雨给这个地区“造成损失”是在“结束”之前, 所以用完成式。相当于After n had donea lot of damage to this area。

【05上海】He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______ the good opportunity.

A. to lose

B. losing

C. to be lost

D. being lost

【答案】B

【解析】risk doing sth.冒险做某事, 为常用搭配, 故排除A、C。此处无被动意义, 排除D, 故选B。

【05上海】______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.

A. Put

B. Putting

C. Having put

D. Being put

【答案】A

【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句子的主语是the hotline与“投入使用”存在着被动关系, 而且表示过去的事情, 所以排除D项。

【05上海】It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _______ a look at the sports stars.

A. had

B. having

C. to have

D. have

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查动词不定式的用法。由句意为：“……为了看一看体育明星”, 可知, 此处用动词不定式来表示目的, 故选C。

【05上海】More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ________ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.

A. taking

B. taken

C. having taken

D. having been taken

【答案】A

【解析】本题考查的是非谓语动词的用法。句中的主语people和take是逻辑上的主谓关系, 所以排除B, D两项, 再根据语境所提供的前后发生的关系, 应用一般时态。【05浙江】_________ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789.

A. To find out

B. Finding out

C. Find out

D. Having found out

【答案】A

【解析】作目的状语要用动词不定式。

【05重庆】Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together,

____fun.

A. had

B. have

C. to have

D. having

【答案】D

【解析】从句中的have fun和谓语动词were是在同一时间出现的状态, 因此空白处应该用现在分词的一般式, 故答案为D。

【05重庆】—What should I do with this passage?

—_____ the main idea of each paragraph.

A. Finding out

B. Found out

C. Find out

D. To find out

【答案】C

【考点】此处考查祈使句的用法

【解析】故用动词原形。其实，此题也可视为You should find out... 之省略。

【05天津】You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it_______ often enough.

A. explaining

B. to explain

C. explain

D. explained

【答案】D

【解析】have +宾语+ done的结构, explain和it构成被动关系。explained作宾语补足语。

【05天津】I don’t want _______like I’m speaking iii of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.

A. to sound

B. to be sounded

C. sounding

D. to have sounded 【答案】A

【解析】动词不定式作宾语, sound是连系动词不用被动式, 与谓语动词更没有时间的先后, 这里不能用它的完成式。

【05安徽】I really can’t understand ______ her like that.

A. you treat

B. you to treat

C. why treat

D. you treating

【答案】D

【解析】答案是you treating, 加主语或者why to treat 不定式, 因为动名词短语做宾语, 而其中的逻辑主语you 也可以换成your。意思是“我真的不明白你那样对她...”【05辽宁】All these gifts must be mailed immediately _______ in time for Christmas. A. in order to have received B. in order to receive

C. so as to be received

D. so as to be receiving

【答案】C

【解析】不定式so as to/ in order to表目的。礼物当然是在圣诞前夕被及时收到。【05福建】When_______ help, one often says“Thank you. ”or “It’s kind of you. ”A．offering B．to offer C．to be offered D．offered

【答案】D

【解析】从句主语和主句一致, 而且和offer之间是动宾关系, 故可以省略从句的主语和be动词is,选D。

【06北京】There have been several new events to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

A.add

B.to add

C.adding

D.added

【答案】D

【解析】add为及物动词, 常用于add sth.to sth.结构中, 本题中应为add several new events to the program。因此add与new events之间为动宾关系, 故用过去分词作后置定语。

【06北京】I can’t stand ______ with Jane in the same office.She just refuses _____ talking while she works.

A.working;stopping

B.to work;stopping

C.working;to stop

D.to work;to stop

【答案】C

【解析】stand doing sth.容忍做某事；refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事。句意为：我不能容忍跟珍妮在一个办公室工作, 她工作时总是喋喋不休。

【06江苏】Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ______the same thing.

A. saying

B. said

C. to say

D. having said

【答案】A

【解析】此题考查非谓语动词。由“he”与“say”的逻辑关系判断, 应为主动关系, 故B项可排除；此处表示一个经常的习惯性动作, 故C项不定式表具体的未做的事情在此不合适；D项完成式也不符合句意；只有A项为最佳答案, 在句中作方式状语。

【06江苏】--- There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.

--- My goodness! I can’t imagine _________ that old.

A. to be

B. to have been

C. being

D. having been

【答案】C

【解析】imagine想像, 设想, 后可跟名词、代词、动名词, that, wh-从句作宾语, 或用于imagine+宾语+to be结构。由此知A、B两项不符合其用法；由句中时态判断, 此处应用一般式而非完成式。

【06安徽】My cousin came to see me from the country, ______me a full basket of fresh fruits.

A. brought

B. bringing

C. to bring

D. had brought

【答案】B

【解析】bringing与句子主语my cousin在逻辑上存在主谓关系, 在此句中用现在分词作伴随状语。

【06安徽】Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _____ .

A. blamed

B. blaming

C. to blame

D. to be blamed

【答案】C

【解析】to blame作the one的定语。关于blame一词, 常用主动形式。如：It is Tom that is to blame.

【06湖南】The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _____ the desert.

A. covering

B. covered

C. cover

D. to cover

【答案】A

【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作定语。因blanket与cover之间是主谓关系, 因此应用现在分词作定语。

【06湖南】If you think that treating a woman well means always ______ her permission for things, think again.

A. gets

B. got

C. to get

D. getting

【答案】D

【解析】mean有两个用法, 一是表示“打算”, 此时后接动词要用不定式, 不用动名词, 如：What do you mean to do with it? 你打算怎样处理它? 二是表示“意味着”、“需要”等, 此时后接动词要用动名词, 不用不定式, 如：This illness will mean going to hospital. 得了这种病就意味着要住院。比较：If we mean to catch the early bus, that means getting up before five. 要想赶早班车, 我们就得在五点钟以前起床。

【06湖南】As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting _____.

A. to use

B. to be used

C. to have used

D. to be using 【答案】B

【解析】本题考查不定式的时态与语态。因use与the raw materials之间是动宾关系, 因此此处用不定式的被动语态。B项符合题意。

【06天津】Don’t respond to any e-mails ______ personal information, no matter how official they look.

A. searching

B. asking

C. requesting

D. questioning 【答案】C

【考点】考查动词辨析。

【解析】ask for sth.和request sth.都可表示“要求某事物”, 而question sth.为“对某事物提出质疑”, search a place表“搜某处”。

【06天津】A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left .

A.unsatisfied

B.unsatisfying

C.to be unsatisfying

D.being unsatisfied

【答案】A

【解析】本题的选项处含有“leave+宾语+宾补”结构, 分词和不定式都可作该结构的补语；但据题意此处应为“使某人感到不满意的”, 故应用过去分词形式的形容词unsatisfied作补语。

【06辽宁】I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _____ Chinese in the school, most _____were from Germany.

A.study; of whom

B.study; of them

C.studying; of them

D.studying; of whom

【答案】D

【考点】考查非谓语动词作定语和定语从句。

【解析】在这所学校学习中文的外国学生, foreign students与study是主谓关系, 第二空是非限制性定语从句, 关系代词用whom。

【06四川】The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games ______ in Beijing in 2008.

A.hold

B.holding

C.held

D.to be held

【答案】D

【解析】由于2008年奥运会还现在(指2006年)还没有举行, 故要用不定式; 又因为奥运会与hold之间为被动关系, 故用不定式的被动式。

【06四川】_____with so much trouble,we failed to complete the task on time.

A.Faced

B.Face

C.Facing

D.To face

【答案】A

【解析】face with常用被动语态：使面对（问题、不愉快局面等）, 使面临。如：You are faced with a choice.你面临抉择。

【06福建】_______for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.

A. Blaming

B. Blamed

C. To blame

D. To be blamed

【答案】B

【解析】blame为及物动词, 后面必须跟宾语, blame与Alice是动宾（被动）关系, 这里过去分词作状语表被动、完成。

【06陕西】It is difficult to imagine his _______ the decision without any consideration. A. to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted

【答案】C

【解析】imagine后接动名词。

【06陕西】Faced with a bill for $10,000, _______.

A. an extra job has been given to John

B. the boss has given John an extra job

C. an extra job has been taken

D. John has taken an extra job

【答案】A

【解析】根据“分词作状语其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致”的原则, 只有A才是对的。【06陕西】He hurried to the booking office only _____ that all the tickets has been sold out.

A. to be told

B. to tell

C. told

D. telling

【答案】A

【解析】only后接不定式表示出人意料的结果, 又如：I arrived at the shop only to find I’d left all my money at home. 我到商店却发现钱全放在家里。

【06浙江】When ______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.

A. compared

B. being compared

C. comparing

D. having compared

【答案】C

【解析】由于句子主语we与动词compare之间为主动关系, 所以用现在分词的主动式。其中分词短语when comparing different cultures相当于时间状语从句when we compare different cultures。

【06湖北】AIDS is said ______ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.

A. that it is

B. to be

C. that it has been

D. to have been 【答案】D

【解析】。“某人(某物)+is said+不定式”是一个很有用的句式, 其意为“据说”, 又如：The company is said to be in trouble. 据说这家公司遇到了困难。再根据句中的over the past few years可知, 不定式要用完成式。

【06湖北】Don’t sit there ________ nothing. Come and help me with this table.

A. do

B. to do

C. doing

D. and doing

【答案】C

【解析】doing nothing表示的动作是伴随sit同时发生的, 因此选C。

【06山东】Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ____ since the flood hit the area last Friday.

A. have been missing

B. have got lost

C. be missing

D. get lost

【答案】A

【解析】此题考查不定式的时态和语态, 同时考查了现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别。从“since the flood hit the area last Friday”可知强调“对现在造成的结果和影响”, 先排除C和D选项。现在完成进行时强调动作仍在持续进行；而现在完成时则侧重已经完成。故从“Police are now searching for a woman…”不难看出正确答案是A.

【06山东】Five people won the “China’s Green Figure”award, a title ______ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.

A.being given

B.is given

C.given

D.was given

【答案】C

【解析】由句式结构可知a title是the “China’s Green Figure”award的同位语, 所以a title to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection是一个词组而不是一个句子, give与title又构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 所以空白处用过去分词given, 它相当于which was given。

【06江西】After he became conscious, he remembered ____ and _____ on the head with a rod.

A.to attack;hit

B.to be attacked;to be hit

C.attacking;be hit

D.having been attacked;hit

【答案】D

【考点】考查动词的具体用法。

【解析】remember to do sth.记着要做某事（此事未做）；remember doing sth.记着做了某事（事已完成）。因为he与attack和hit之间是动宾关系, 应用被动语态。

【06江西】It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness _______.

A.to make

B.to be made

C.making

D.being made

【答案】B

【解析】考查结构It takes/took (sb.) +一段时间+to do sth.（某人花费时间做某事）。题中connection与make之间为动宾关系, 所以用动词不定式的被动语态。

【06广东】_______ this cake, you’ll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour.

A. Having made

B. Make

C. To make

D. Making

【答案】C

【解析】由于是表示目的, 故要用不定式, 句意为：为了要做这块蛋糕, 你需要2只鸡蛋、175克糖和175克面粉。

【06广东】No matter how frequently ________ , the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.

A. performed

B. performing

C. to be performed

D. being performed

【答案】A

【解析】过去分词短语performed在此相当于they are performed。No matter how frequently they are performed的意思是“无论它们(指贝多芬的作品)被演奏多少次”。【07全国I】—It’s a long time since I saw my sister.

—__________ her this weekend?

A. Why not visit

B. why not to visit

C. Why not visiting

D. Why don’t visit

【答案】A

【解析】Why not…意为“为什么不……呢?”用于提出建议。Why not后面必须接动词原形, 即Why not do….

【07全国I】—The last one __________________ pays the meal.

—Agreed!

A. arrived

B. arrives

C. to arrive

D. arriving

【答案】C

【解析】“the last/next/first...”后常接不定式作定语。

【07全国I】I smell something __________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?

A. burning

B. burnt

C. being burnt

D. to be burnt

【答案】A

【解析】smell something burning闻到有东西在烧焦了, 由下句可知此处表示动作正在进行。

【07全国II】At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom.

A. opened and closed

B. to be opened and closed

C. being opened and closed

D. to open and close

【答案】C

【考点】本题考查非谓语动词作定语。

【解析】过去分词作定语表完成、被动；不定式作定语表将来；现在分词作定语表示正在进行。本题题意：开始上课时, 在教室外面就能听到开关课桌的声音。由句意可知表示开关课桌的动作正在进行, 因此用现在分词作定语。

【07上海】After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ______ him. A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call

【答案】A

【解析】非谓语动词作宾补, 和前面的his mother’s voice（宾语）, 存在逻辑主谓关系, 不定式表示将来的动作；现在分词表示正在进行的动作, 主动含义；过去分词表示被动和完成的动作。由句意“孩子听到妈妈叫他……”, 可知表示主动含义, 故选A。

【07上海】There is nothing more I can try ____ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade

【答案】D

【解析】try to persuade...尽力去说服……。I can try you to stay为定语从句, 省略了作try的宾语的关系代词that。

【07上海】The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.

A. to be completed

B. having been completed

C. completed

D. being completed 【答案】C

【解析】completed in the 1880’s为过去分词短语作定语修饰the Town Hall, 二者之间为被动关系；D项表示动作正在发生, 不合题意；B项不能作限制性的定语。

【07山东】The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _______ at the end of last March.

A. has been launched

B. having been launched

C. being launched

D. to be launched 【答案】B

【解析】句意为“……, 最近的是在去年三月发射的。”从句子结构上看, 此句既无并列连词, 又无从句引导词, 为简单句, the most recent ________at the end of last March不是句子, 而是独立结构作状语, 排除谓语动词形式, 即A项, the most recent 与launch为被动关系, 且launch在谓语动词之前, 故答案为B项。

【07山东】Please remain _________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.

A. to seal

B. to be seated

C. seating

D. seated

【答案】D

【解析】句意为“保持坐着, 直到飞机完全停下来。”remain后可用现在分词或过去分词, 表示状态, 取决与句子的逻辑主语和动词的关系。本题中逻辑主语you与seat 为被动关系, 故用过去分词, 答案为D项。此题的正确解答还依赖于seat的用法seat sb., 其被动形式为sb. is seated, 可见sb.与seat为被动关系。

【07安徽】John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________, he gladly accepted it.

A. finished

B. finishing

C. having finished

D. was finished

【答案】A

【解析】“with+宾语+宾补”结构中, 宾补表示完成用过去分词。

【07安徽】—Robert is indeed a wise man.

—Oh, yes. How often I have regretted ______ his advice!

A. to take

B. taking

C. not to take

D. not taking

【答案】D

【解析】regret (not)doing/having done sth表示“后悔（没）做了某事”；regret to do sth表示“遗憾去做某事”。结合句意, “我时常后悔没有听他的话。”故选D项。【07北京】—Excuse me sir,where is Room 301?

—Just a minute.I’ll have Bob ____you to your room.

A.show

B.shows

C. to show

D. showing

【答案】A

【解析】have sb do sth意为“命令或安排某人做某事”, 使役动词make, let, have接宾语补足语省略不定式to。根据提供的情景可判断出让Bob带你到房间去。have sb doing sth表示“使某人一直处于某种状态中”。

【07北京】He is a student at Oxford University, ______ for a degree in computer science.

A. studied

B. studying

C. to have studied

D. to be studying

【答案】B

【解析】句意为“他是个牛津大学的学生, 正在攻读计算机科学的学位。”此句为简单句, __________ for a degree in computer science为状语, 主语He与study为主动关系, 应选择现在分词, 答案为B项。注意, C项和D项不符合句意。

【07福建】Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English __ in a short period.

A.improved

B.improving

C.to improve

D.improve

【答案】A

【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。have在此处为使役动词, “使, 让”, 后可接do, doing 或done作宾补, 宾语her written English与improve之间为动宾关系, 故应用过去分词作宾补。

【07福建】—Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.

—Sorry. With so much work _______ my mind, I almost break down.

A.filled

B.filling

C.to fill

D.being filled

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。with复合结构中, 宾补可以是adj., adv., prep.phrase, doing, done或to do, 此处so much work与fill之间为主谓关系, 并且强调此时状态, 故用现在分词短语作宾补。

【07湖南】As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _________, and asked myself what I was going to do.

A. moved B moving C. to move D. being moved

【答案】B

【解析】句意为“……, 我站了一会儿, 没有动, 自问要做什么。”此句有As引导的从句, 故为复合句。主句部分为并列句结构, 有and连接两个分句, 在前一个分句中, stood为谓语动词, 故move应为非谓语动词作状语, 主语I与move为主动关系, 故用move的现在分词形式, 答案为B项。

【07湖南】“Things _______ never come again!”I couldn’t help talking to myself. A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost

【答案】A

【解析】句意为：错过的事情不会再重来。lost为过去分词转化来的形容词, 作things 的定语, 相当于一个定语从句that are lost。

【07江苏】—Can I smoke here?

—Sorry. We don’t allow ______ here.

A. people smoking

B. people smoke

C. to smoke

D. smoking

【答案】D

【解析】动词allow后接动词作宾语时, 习惯上只能是动名词, 不能是不定式; 但若其后接有sb, 则sb, 则后要接不定式, 不接动名词。也就是说它的两个常用句型是：allow doing sth和allow sb to do sth。

【07江苏】My parents have always made me ______ about myself, even when I was twelve.

A. feeling well

B. feeling good

C. feel well

D. feel good

【答案】D

【解析】根据情况, 使役动词make后可接动词原形(不带to的不定式)或过去分词作宾语补足语, 但不能接现在分词, 故可排除选项A和B; 在剩下的C和D中, 要选D不选C, 是因为feel作为连系动词, 其后要接形容词作表语, 不接副词。

【07江苏】He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______ in his lectures.

A. interested

B. interesting

C. interest

D. to interest

【答案】A

【解析】过去分词interested在此已转化为形容词, interested in意为“对……感趣”。【07江西】When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there for a space flight.

A.training

B.being trained

C.to have trained

D.to be trained

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。作目的状语时用不定式, 而不用分词, 首先排除A、B 两项；另外he承受train这一动作, 应用被动语态, 排除C项, 故D项正确。

【07陕西】_____ that she didn’t do a good job, I don’t think I am abler than her.

A.To have said

B.Having said

C. To say

D.Saying

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。由句子结构分析, 此处应为现在分词短语作状语, 排除A、C两项；并且say动作发生在从句动作didn’t do之前, 故应用having done。【07四川】Peter received a letter just now _______ his grandma would come to see him soon.

A. said

B. says

C. saying

D. to say

【答案】C

【解析】根据句子结构, 此处应用非谓语动词作定语。现在分词表示动作正在进行或经常发生, 此处的saying相当于which said;不定式作定语表示将来, 不合题意。

【07四川】The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ________ every day.

A. watered

B. watering

C. water

D. to water

【答案】A

【解析】unless, if, when, though等引导状语从句时, 如果主从句的主语一致, 又含有be动词时, 常把主语和be动词省略。此处应为unless they are watered。因此A项正确。

【07天津】The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance,

________ in the natural light during the day.

A. to let

B. letting

C. let

D. having let

【答案】B

【解析】句意为：在入口处玻璃门已取代了木头门, 在白天能让自然光进来。空白处在句中作状语, let与句子的主语之间是主谓关系, 且动作是同时发生的, 故用现在分词形式。

【07浙江】The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ______. A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard

【答案】A

【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。struggle to do sth.努力做某事。又因I与hear之间存在被动关系, 故应用不定式的被动语态。

【07浙江】______ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.

A. Driven

B. Being driven

C. To drive

D. Having driven

【答案】A

【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意为：受对于蔬菜的更大量需求的驱使, 农民们建了更多的暖棚。空格处为句子的状语, 其逻辑主语为farmers, 与drive之间存在被动关系, 故用被动形式。

【07重庆】The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day.

A. finishing

B. finished

C. had finished

D. were finished

【答案】B

【解析】根据句子结构判断, 此处为独立主格结构, 且功课是被完成, 因此用过去分词形式。

【07重庆】Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) _____ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.

A.is said to be buying

B.is said to have bought

C.had said to buy

D.has said to have bought

【答案】B

【解析】sb./sth.is said to do sth.据说某人/某物做某事。因为买鸟这一动作发生在说之前, 因此此处应用不定式的完成时态。

【07辽宁】The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ______ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.

A. breaking

B. having broken

C. to have broken

D. break

【答案】C

【解析】sb./Sth.is reported to do sth.为常用的表达方式, to do不能用doing形式, “打破世界记录”是已经发生的事情, 故用不定式的完成式。

【07辽宁】You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ______ home in the snowstorm.

A. walked

B. walk

C. to walk

D. walking

【答案】D

【解析】注意句型：have difficulty （in）doing sth 由于句子中in可以省略, 所以该题目虽然将宾语前置, 后面用了一个定语从句, 但是结构不变, 在某方面依然是in doing sth只是in被省略。补全：You can't imagine what difficulty which we had （in）walking home in the snowstorm.

【07上海春】All the staff in our company are considering ______ to the city centre for the fashion show.

A. to go

B. going

C. to have gone

D. having gone

【答案】B

【解析】consider to do, 考虑做什么事。

【07上海春】_____ the safety of gas, the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly.

A. To ensure

B. Ensuring

C. Having ensured.

D. To have ensured

【答案】A

【解析】To do置于句首常作目的状语。

【07上海春】She wants her paintings ____ in the gallery, but we don t think they would be very popular.

A. display

B. to display

C. displaying

D. displayed

【答案】D

【解析】

【08全国Ⅰ】I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good ____.

A.to be breathed

B.to breathe

C.breathing

D.being breathed

【答案】B

【解析】在“主语+be+adj.+to do”结构中, 动词不定式用主动形式表被动意义。【08北京】—Did the book give the information you needed?

—Yes.But ______ it, I had to read the entire book.

A.to find

B.find

C.to be finding

D.finding

【答案】A

【解析】答语句意为：是的, 但是为了找到它, 我不得不阅读了整本书。表示目的要用动词不定式形式。由于不表示正在进行, 故不用进行时态。

【08北京】I feel greatly honored into their society.

A.to welcome

B.welcoming

C.to be welcomed

D.welcomed

【答案】C

【解析】welcome与“I”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系, 故welcome须用被动语态形式。该句语意相当于I feel it a great honor to be welcomed into their society.。

【08北京】It is worth considering what makes “convenience”foods so popular, and better ones of your own.

A.introduces

B.to introduce

C.introducing

D.introduced

【答案】C

【解析】本题句意为：值得考虑一下什么使得“方便”食品这么受人欢迎, 并且介绍一下你自己比较喜欢的那些“食品”。and连接consider与introduce, 故introduce 也要用v.ing形式作为worth的宾语使用。

【08北京】_____ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed.

A.Seeing

B.To see

C.See

D.Seen

【答案】A

【解析】see这一动作由句子的主语“I”发出, 故空格处须用现在分词。

【08天津】their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.

A.To throw

B.Thrown

C.Throwing

D.Being thrown

【答案】C

【解析】throw与句子主语the fans之间为主谓关系, 故用现在分词作状语。A项表示动作还未发生；B、D两项表示被动, 均不符合句意。

【08江西】I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention ____ when we talked on the phone.

A.to promote

B.having been promoted

C.having promoted

D.to be promoted

【答案】B

【解析】句意为：我听说他们提拔了汤姆, 但我们在电话中交谈时汤姆并未提及被提拔之事。mention后跟名词或动名词作宾语, 此处要用动名词的完成被动式表示, “被提拔”的动作在mention前发生。

【08江西】We finished the run in less than half the time ______.

A.allowing

B.to allow

C.allowed

D.allows

【答案】C

【解析】句意为：我们用了不到被允许的时间的一半就跑完了。time后缺少定语, “时间”与“允许”之间是被动关系, 因此用过去分词形式。

【08湖南】The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.

A.being blown down

B.blown down

C.blowing down

D.to blow down 【答案】B

【解析】句意为：在暴风雨中被吹倒的树已经被从道路上移走了。“树木”的后面缺少定语, 因为blow down与trees之间是动宾关系, 且是已经完成的动作, 故用过去分词短语blown down。

【08湖南】____ the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/7f13662764.html,pleting https://www.sodocs.net/doc/7f13662764.html,plete https://www.sodocs.net/doc/7f13662764.html,pleted D.To complete

【答案】D

【解析】句意为：为了按计划完成工程, 我们不得不每天多工作两个小时。此处用动词不定式作状语, 表示目的。

【08湖南】Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried ____ alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home.

A.living

B.to live

C.to be living

D.having lived

【答案】A

【解析】句意为：苏姗不想依赖父母。她试着一个人生活, 但不喜欢这样, 又搬回家去了。try doing sth.试着做某事；try to do sth.尽力去做某事。

【08陕西】_____ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.

A.Having shown

B.To be shown

C.Having been shown

D.To show

【答案】C

【解析】show与take之间有明显的时间先后关系, 且句子的主语与show构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 故该空格处用现在完成时的被动形式。

【08四川】We had an anxious couple of weeks ____ for the results of the experiment. A.wait B.to be waiting C.waited D.waiting

【答案】D

【解析】句意为：我们度过了焦急的几周, 等待着实验结果。本题用现在分词waiting 作伴随状语。

【08重庆】______ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.

A. Fail

B. Failed

C. To fail

D. Having failed

【答案】D

【解析】考查非谓语动词作状语, 与主语构成主谓关系。

【08浙江】_____ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.

A.Not realized

B.Not to realize

C.Not realizing

D.Not to have realized

【答案】C

【解析】realize与句子的主语构成主谓关系, 故排除A项；B项和D项都指将来的动作, 故选C。

【08浙江】It is one of the funniest things ____ on the Internet so far this year.

A.finding

B.being found

C.to find

D.found

【答案】D

【解析】found此处为过去分词作后置定语, 用来修饰things, 与things构成被动关系。句意为：这是今年到目前为止在因特网上发现的最滑稽的事情之一。

【08福建】____ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.

A.Waiting

B.To wait

C.Having waited

D.To have waited

【答案】C

【解析】逗号前的部分是时间状语, 不定式一般不作时间状语, 首先排除B、D两项；wait的动作在realize之前, 故用分词的完成式。

【08福建】—Can those _____ at the back of the classroom hear me?

—No problem.

A.seat

B.sit

C.seated

D.sat

【答案】C

【解析】at the back of the classroom为分词短语作定语。sit为不及物动词, 可用sitting...作定语；seat为及物动词, 常与反身代词连用或用be seated形式。这里seat 与those构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 故用其过去分词作定语。

【08辽宁】He was busy writing a story, only ____ once in a while to smoke a cigarette. A.to stop B.stopping C.to have stopped D.having stopped

【答案】B

【解析】句意为：他在忙着写一个故事, 只是偶尔停下来抽支烟。此处应为现在分词短语作伴随状语, 表示与write伴随的动作。A项通常作目的状语和结果状语。

【08辽宁】Please remain ______; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.

A. seating

B. seated

C. to seat

D. to be seated

【答案】B

【解析】句意为：请在座位上坐着；很快就会宣布获奖者。seat是及物动词, remain/be seated保持坐着的状态, 坐着。

【08江苏】To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ____ as much as we can.

A.speak

B.speaking

C.spoken

D.to speak

【答案】C

【解析】此处考查hear+宾语+do/doing/done结构。因为English是“被说”, 故用spoken作宾补, 表示被动。

【08山东】Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made _____ in the restaurant.

A.working

B.work

C.to work

D.worked

【答案】A

【解析】working in the restaurant为现在分词短语在句中作状语。

【08安徽】___ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.

A. To walk.

B. Walking

C. Walked

D. Having walked

【答案】B

【解析】选项B. Walking在这里是现在分词短语用状语, 表示时间, 相当于While he was walking in the fields on a March afternoon。选项A.To walk不定式放在句首一般作目的状语；选项C. Walked表示被动, 此处句子主语he与动词walk之间是主动关系；选项D. Having walked是现在分词的完成式作状语, 表示的动作发生在主句的谓语动词（feel the warmth of spring）之前, 显然不合题意。非谓语动词的用法是高考的必考考点, 准确掌握不定式, 现在分词和过去分词作状语的不同含义是答好本题的关键。【08上海】My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle _____ to balance it.

A. having tried

B. trying

C. to try

D. tried

【答案】B

【解析】意思是：我妹妹骑车经验不丰富她被发现正在做着车上努力去平衡！

我相信既然妹妹被看到了这一幕, 一定是被发现正在平衡咯那么选择正在平衡, 可

以和情景对应, 不能使将要努力平衡, 也不可能是平衡完了, trying做主语补足语

【08上海】If there is a lot of work ___, I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished. A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing

【答案】A

【解析】A work 和do 存在动宾关系主语I和do存在主谓关系, 此时可以用to do 做后置定语, 但是事实上这是个被动。

【08上海】Something as simple as ___ some cold water may clear your mind and relive pressure.

A. to drink

B. drinking

C. to be drinking

D. drunk

【答案】B

【解析】本句谓语动词是clear和relive. 意思是: 某某可以清醒头脑和减轻压力. Something 正是主语！就是这个某某, as simple as 插入进去的是干扰, 意思是: Something和xxxx一样简单. 那么到底是什么呢？管他是什么反正是个事物, 也就是少一个事物, 这个事物是可以清醒头脑和减轻压力的.表示具体的一个事物, 当然是

动名词咯

【08上海】Ideally ______ for Broadway theatre and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests.

A. locating

B. being located

C. having been located

D. located

【答案】D

【解析】表示某个地方位于哪里用located

【08上海春】As a new driver, I have to practise ________ the car in my small garage again and again.

A. parking

B. to park

C. parked

D. park

【答案】A

【解析】句意：作为一个新司机, 我不得不一次又一次地在我的小车库中练习停车。practise doing意为“练习做某事”, 答案为A项。

【09全国1】Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ______?

A. taking

B. take

C. taken

D. to take

【答案】C

【解析】既然我们已讨论了我们的问题, 大家对作出的决定是否满意？根据句意, 决定是经过讨论后作出的, 因此用take的过去分词作decisions的后置定语。答案C。【09全国1】The children all turned _____ the famous actress as she entered the classroom.

A. looked at

B. to look at

C. to looking at

D. look at

【答案】B

【解析】当那女明星走进教室时, 所有的孩子都转向她。用不定式表目的。答案B。【09辽宁】When we visited my old family home, memory came ______ back.

A. flooding

B. to flood

C. flood

D. flooded

【答案】A

【解析】当我们参观我的旧居时, 回忆如潮水般涌入我的脑海。memory与flood是主动关系, 作伴随或方式状语。用现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作。答案A。

【09辽宁】______, you need to give all you have and try your best.

A. Being a winner

B. To be a winner

C. Be a winner

D. Having been a winner 【答案】B

【解析】为了成为一名赢家, 你需要全力付出并且尽你所能。用不定式表目的。

【09安徽】The play _____ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.

A. produced

B. being produced

C. to be produced

D. having been produced

【答案】C

【考点】非谓语动词和时态

【解析】那部下个月开拍的戏剧主要目的是反映本土文化。根据时间状语（next month）判断, 该剧下个月才开始拍摄, A、D均表示完成, B表示正在进行都可以排除。答案C。【09北京】For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _____ on his own farm.

A. grown

B. being grown

C. to be grown

D. to grow

【答案】A

【考点】考察非谓语动词

【解析】早餐他只喝在自己农庄种植出来的新鲜水果的果汁。水果成熟了才会拿来做果汁, 因此用过去分词作后置定语, 表示已经完成及被动的意思。答案A。

【09北京】All of them try to use the power of the workstation _____ information in a more effective way.

A. presenting

B. presented

C. being presented

D. to present

【答案】D

【解析】他们都想争取用工作站的能量以一种更有效的方式来展示信息。用不定式表示目的。答案D。

【09北京】_____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.

A. Being bitten

B. Bitten

C. Having bitten

D. To be bitten

【答案】A

【解析】由于被咬过两次, 除非我们把狗拴起来, 否则那邮递员不愿意送信给我们。the postman与bite是被动关系, 排除C；A表示正在被咬, D表示目的“为了被咬”, 都可以排除。答案B。

【09福建】_____ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.

A. Reminding

B. Reminded

C. To remind

D. Having reminded

【答案】B

【解析】非谓语动词做状语, 逻辑主语是句子的主语the manager, 非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系, 且其表示的动作在谓语动词set out之前已经发生, 非谓语动词用过去分词, 选B。

【09福建】In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, ____ the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.

A. marking

B. marked

C. having marked

D. being marked

【答案】A

【解析】非谓语动词做状语, 其后有宾语, 故与逻辑主语是主动关系, 且表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行, 用现在分词, 选A。

【09湖南】When he _______ the door, he found his keys were nowhere.

A. would open

B. opened

C. had opened

D. was to open

【答案】D

【解析】动词不定时的用法。句意为：当他要打开门的时候,他发现他的钥匙不见了。动词不定时表示将要发生的动作。

【09湖南】At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, _____ in a small apartment near Boston and ______ what to do about his future.

A. living; wondering

B. lived; wondering

C. lived; wondered

D. living; wondered

【答案】A

【考点】考查分词的用法。

【解析】句意为：29岁的大卫,是一个工人,住在一间小公寓在波士顿附近,不知怎么办关于他的未来。现在分词作定语修饰a worker, and 为并列连词, 连接相同的成份。【09湖南】Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it

_____.

A. reusing

B. reused

C. reuses

D. to be reused

【答案】D

【考点】考查动词不定时的用法。

【解析】句意为：现在人们有时把他们的废物分开, 以便很容易被重复利用。重新再利用是指将来发生的动作, 而且是被动的。故选D。

【09湖南】Please do me a favor —______ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.

A. to invite

B. inviting

C. invite

D. invited

【答案】B

【解析】句意：请帮我个忙——邀请我的朋友Smith先生今晚7:30到青年剧院。invite 结构和favor构成同位语, 故用动名词结构, 答案为B项。

【09湖南】Every evening after dinner, if not _____ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.

A. being tired

B. tiring

C. tired

D. to be tired

【答案】C

【解析】每天晚饭后, 如果不是因为工作太累, 我都会花点时间遛狗。if not

from work是条件状语从句的省略形式, 完整句子是：If I’m not tired from work, 由此判断该填tired。答案C。

【09江西】______ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.

A. Giving

B. Having given

C. To give

D. Given

【答案】D

【考点】考查非谓语动词

【解析】如果把句子补充完整就不难看出：If they are given the right kind of training , 可知主语they 即these teenager soccer players与give 之间是被动的关系, 所以用过去分词。根据主、从句主语一致可省略从句主语的原则, 连词if 也可省, 所以得出given the right kind of training , these teenager soccer players……

【09江西】The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.

A. forced

B. forcing

C. to be forced

D. having forced

【答案】B

【考点】考查非谓语动词的用法。

【解析】现在分词短语作后置定语, 修饰new laws ,相当于which forces ……...

【09海南】The children all turned _____ the famous actress as she entered the classroom.

A. looked at

B. to look at

C. to looking at

D. look at

【答案】B

【解析】句意为：当那位著名的女演员走进了教室, 所有的孩子都转过头去看她。turn to 表示“转向, 求助”的意思。

【09海南】Now that we’ve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions ______?

A. taking

B. take

C. taken

D. to take

【答案】C

【考点】考查with +宾语+宾语补足语的用法。

【解析】句意为：现在,我们已经讨论了问题,是人们最满意的决定？take 与the decisions之间存在的关系是动宾关系, 故用过去分词表示被动

【09山东】We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday.

A. to be held

B. held

C. being held

D. holding

【答案】A

【考点】考查非谓语动词的用法

【解析】我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举行的一个聚会。party与hold是被动关系；再根据时间状语（next Friday）判断, 用不定式表示还没发生。答案A。

【09陕西】I still remember ______ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.

A. to take

B. to be taken

C. taking

D. being taken

【答案】D

【解析】此处非谓语动词做remember的宾语, 而remember后用非谓语动词做宾语时, 可以用v-ing形式, v-ing表示的动作已经完成, 也可用动词不定式, 表示的动作还

2010-2019十年高考真题分类汇编英语专题09非谓语动词

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2019年高考物理试题分类汇编（热学部分） 全国卷 I 33． [物理—选修 3–3]（ 15 分） （1）（ 5 分）某容器中的空气被光滑活塞封住，容器和活塞绝热性能良好，空气可视 为理想气体。初始时容器中空气的温度与外界相同，压强大于外界。现使活塞缓慢移动，直 至容器中的空气压强与外界相同。此时，容器中空气的温度__________ （填“高于”“低于”或“等于”）外界温度，容器中空气的密度__________ （填“大于”“小于”或“等于”）外界空气 的密度。 （2）（ 10分）热等静压设备广泛用于材料加工中。该设备工作时，先在室温下把惰性 气体用压缩机压入到一个预抽真空的炉腔中，然后炉腔升温，利用高温高气压环境对放入炉腔 中的材料加工处理，改善其性能。一台热等静压设备的炉腔中某次放入固体材料后剩余的 容积为 m3，炉腔抽真空后，在室温下用压缩机将10瓶氩气压入到炉腔中。已知每瓶氩气的 容积为×10-2 m3，使用前瓶中气体压强为×107Pa，使用后瓶中剩余气体压强为×106Pa；室温温度为 27 ℃。氩气可视为理想气体。 （i）求压入氩气后炉腔中气体在室温下的压强； （i i ）将压入氩气后的炉腔加热到 1 227 ℃，求此时炉腔中气体的压强。 全国卷 II 33． [ 物理—选修 3-3] （ 15 分） （1）（ 5分）如 p-V 图所示， 1、2、 3三个点代表某容器中一定量理想气体的三个不同 状态，对应的温度分别是 T1、T2、 T3。用 N1、N2、N3分别表示这三个状态下气体分子在单位 时间内撞击容器壁上单位面积的次数，则N1______N2， T1______T3， N2 ______N3。（填“大于”“小于”或“等于”）

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