最新年处理量00万吨卡宾达原油常压蒸馏塔设计本科
年处理量00万吨卡宾达原油常压蒸馏塔
设计本科
沈阳化工大学
本科毕业论文
题目：年处理量100万吨卡宾达原油常压蒸馏塔设计
毕业设计论文任务书
院(系):化学工程学院专业：化学工程与工艺班级：化工0707 姓名:刘宽
内容摘要
本次设计主要是针对年处理量100万吨卡宾达原油的常压设计。
原油常压蒸馏作为原油的一次加工工艺，在原油加工总流程中占有重要作用，在炼厂具有举足轻重的地位，其运行的好坏直接影响到后续的加工过程。其中重要的分离设备—常压塔的设计，是能否获得高收率、高质量油的关键。近年来常减压蒸馏技术和管理经验不断创新，装置节能消耗显著，产品质量提高。但与国外先进水平相比，仍存在较大的差距。
为了更好地提高原油的生产能力，本着投资少，能耗低，效益高的思想对卡宾达原油进行常压蒸馏设计。设计的基本方案是：初馏塔拔出重整料，常压塔采取三侧线，常压塔塔顶生产汽油，三个侧线分别生产煤油，轻柴油，重柴油。设计了一个初馏塔、一个常压塔、一段汽化蒸馏装置，此装置由一台管式加热炉、一个初馏塔，一个常压塔以及若干台换热器（完善的换热流程应达到要求：充分利用各种余热；换热器的换热强度较大；原油流动压力降较小）、冷凝冷却器、机泵等组成，在常压塔外侧为侧线产品设汽提塔。流程简单，投资和操作费用较少。原油在这样的蒸馏装置下，可以得到350-360℃以前的几个馏分，可以用作重整料、汽油、煤油、轻柴油、重柴油产品，也可分别作为重整化工（如轻油裂解）等装置的原料。蒸余的塔底重油可作钢铁或其它工业的燃料。在某些特定的情况下也可以作催化裂化或加氢裂化装置的原料。本次设计共用34块浮阀塔板，塔距0.8m，塔径2.6m，塔高28.22m。换热流程一共通过20次换热达到工艺要求，换热效率是88.31%。
关键词：原油；常压蒸馏；物料衡算；热量衡算；塔；换热
Abstract
This design mainly regards to which Cabinda crude oil are distilled by a process capacity of 1.0×106t/a in normal pressures.
As a part of crude oil processing technology , Atmospheric distillation of crude oil is very important in the whole processing schemes of crude oil and refineries and its operation status directly affects the continuing machine process .There are a kind of important separate equipment---- normal pressures columns ,which is the key to attain high efficient , high quality oil. In recent years , firstly the distillation technique of normal pressures and manage experience were innovated constantly ; secondly equipments’ effect of saving energy is remarkable ;thirdly product quality was improved .But compare to international advanced techniques ,there are a long distance.
In order to improve the product ability of crude oil, In the principle of shoestring, low—energy consumption , high-efficiency ,designing the normal pressures distillat ion of Cabinda crude oil .Design’s basic scheme : Prefractionator extracts naphtha. atmospheric column has three lateral line .Its tower top extracts gasoline and three lateral line respectively extract kerosene, light diesel fuel, heavy diesel fuel .Design a distillation device with a prefractionator，a atmospheric column with a piece of gasification. This device is consist of a tubular-furnace , a prefractionator , a atmospheric column ,several heat exchangers, cooling condenser and pumps. This procedure is simple; Investment and operation fee is short .According to this design device ,we can attain 350—360℃ previous some fraction .They can be used to be naphtha ,gasoline, kerosene ,light diesel fuel, heavy diesel fuel products and they can be used tobe reforming chemical engineering’s raw materials .Other tower bottle’ heavy oil can be as raw material of steel industries or other industries. At all under certain condition, they can be as
raw material of catalytic cracking and hydrogen cracking. This design adopts 34 block floating valve trays. Tower distance is 0.8m. Tower diameter is 2.6m.Tower level is 28.22 m.Heat exchangers process reach to the technics requirement by 20 time heat exchangers processes .The heat exchangers efficiency is 88.31%.
Key words: Crude oil; Atmospheric distillation; Material balance;
Heat balance; Tower; Heat exchange
目录
前言 (1)
第一章产品方案及工艺流程 (4)
1.1产品方案 (4)
1.2 工艺流程 (6)
第二章工艺计算及说明 (7)
2.1 设计数据 (7)
2.1.1已知数据 (7)
2.1.2原油的基础数据 (7)
2.2原油实沸点蒸馏曲线的绘制由表 (8)
2.3 常压塔工艺计算 (9)
2.3.1各产品的恩氏蒸馏数据和实沸点数据的换算 (9)
2.3.2产品的有关数据计算 (13)
2.3.3物料衡算 (15)
2.3.4确定塔板数和汽提蒸汽用量 (16)
2.3.5操作压力 (17)
2.3.6汽化段温度 (18)
2.3.7塔底温度 (23)
2.3.8塔顶及侧线温度的假设与回流热的分配 (23)
2.3.9侧线及塔顶温度的校核 (24)
2.4 全塔气、液相负荷分布 (28)
第三章塔的设计及水力学计算 (36)
3.1塔板的操作条件 (36)
3.2塔板间距初选 (37)