徐州市2019届高三英语模拟 阅读分析

徐州市2019届高三英语模拟阅读分析

徐州卷的阅读体裁、题材、命题方式基本和2017年命题无二致，体现在：

A篇：医学

B篇：环保——零污染消费概念

C篇：科普——植物土壤的细菌新发现

D篇：文学——老年和心态的养成

应用文强调全篇信息的查找。由于近几年的信息已经脱离了纯粹的信息对应，而是基于信息的组合和概括，A篇应用文看似点很散，但是还是要求考生学会组合信息点。B篇较易，选材VOA，突出对细节的推理；C篇选材经济学人，基于对实验的目的、方法、结论的细节考查；D篇选材纽约时报。这篇文章稍不留意，就会理解成作者批驳锻炼和强调mind，实际上不是。文学文章重在叙事的寓意所在，一旦通了，一切都明了。

笔者这里无意去分析答案，而是说清楚如何分析文章结构。其它阅读分析请参考：

探索|手把手指导盐城期中考试阅读C篇如何光速解决

探索|我用奥卡姆剃刀原理秒杀各类阅读—以苏州期中考试D篇为例细评

B （较易）

一、从语篇的角度看：

Para 1: 介绍概念：Zero Wasters

Para 2: 解释概念的含义

Para 3-4: 举例说明

Para 5: 谈如何做（five “r’s”）

Para 6: 说明其他人的观点（关键词：important to cut down; contact the local sanitation department照应第一段）

二、从命题设问看

58. The underlined sentence “It’s about a simpler life based on being, not having” in Paragraph 3 most probably implies that ____________.

考查对Zero Wasters的理解：

59. What does the fifth paragraph talk about?

考查如何做

60. Which of the following statements about Amy Korst is true?

考查评价：C. She advocates using less plastics and garbage classification.

C（难）

一、分析语篇结构：

本篇文章完全模仿2017年江苏卷C篇的数据垄断，从文章结构到命题方式。那么此类文章结构的规律在哪里？

Para 1: 提出论点：plants benefit from such bacterial protection. 重点看suggest that…,这是说明研究结果。写作手法：comparison。

此类写法非常接近于2017年C篇大数据垄断，一上来先说石油垄断，然后话题一转到数据垄断，最后说明结论。本篇文章同样来自经济学人。

Para 2: 实验的目的——调查植物没有受到细菌毒害。有了论点，必然要用例子或实验来证明，而本段通过对比法先说植物细菌感染的危害，然后说其它一种土豆没有受到危害。然后就开始调查原因。

Para 3:实验的对象：对两种不同的土豆种类的土壤细菌的分析。（要注意实验的目的to test the idea到底指什么，其它的可以一带而过）Para 4: 实验的过程。尤其要注意这里的顺序：把两种土豆的土壤对换，而作为控制组的植物，拔起它们后重新种植原处。最后是把它们都暴露在R细菌里进行监视。

Para 5: 实验的结果：置换土壤后，疾病发展慢，植物成长得快。（more slowly, progress rapidly）

Para 6: 进一步解释结果：根本原因在于TRM1细菌。第一句为主题句，后面都是实验作为例子说明。

Para 7: 评价：compounds wait to be determined; constructive

二、分析问题的设计

61. The author mentions the bacteria inhabiting human beings to introduce ________.

考查写作手法，为什么用比较手法？

解决此题，一定要抓住论点：plants benefit from such bacterial protection，无论其它干扰项如何相似，也不要被迷惑。

62. What are the two resear chers’ findings based on?

考查研究的实验结果的来源。在2017年江苏B篇阅读理解里也有类似的问法，即：雏鸟发出类似鸟妈妈的声音的数据来源，答案是the similarity of data。而本题正好相反，二者的比较后的差异性的数据。

63. According to the study, why are some plants immune to infection?

考查实验的结果的原因

64. The two researchers’ work indicates that _____________.

考查评价。针对实验结果在未来的运用。

可见：基本上都是针对每段的主要信息点进行命题，

可能干扰项原理：

作为考生关心的是正确选项在哪里，而作为命题人关心的是干扰项如何设计。例如：未知代替已知（最后一题）；主次混淆（第一题）；基于常识和文章出现词汇的错误联想（如第62题）。

D（较难）

一、分析语篇结构：

文学类文章一般就围绕一个道理来说明，一旦明白了这个人生道理和感悟，一切迎刃而解。反之，会困惑不已。我就来说一下怎么解决它们。

文学类记叙文的阅读不能完全和说明文议论文一样找中心句，因为记叙文是通过动作和语言表达人物心理活动，读这样的文章需要把握人物的心理活动的变化在哪里，为什么有这种变化，作者如何解决这种变化带来的困扰。

而本文的道理就是：对于老年的到来，我不满足于体育锻炼，而是追求心理的平和（mental contentment）

如此挖掘：

Para 1: a competitive runner –》But, I wonder, should I have asked more of my mind?即：我跑步很牛，但是我是不是在心态思维上有更多的要求？

Para 2: 承接上文，说明我体育锻炼的原因，接着转折：My mind, on the other hand, seems less willing to give in to discipline.即：我越锻炼越爽，但是我的心理似乎不想受纪律的约束。（即：身体锻炼我可以有规律锻炼，但是心里思维上的锻炼没有毅力可言）

Para 3-4: 开始举例说明mind的重要性，例子证明段首句：how we respond to aging is a choice made in the mind, not in the gym.

第一个例子：对比手法，健康人心态差；体弱的人却能安然接受现实。第二个例子：我对一个住院的朋友表示同情，不料对方说他已经很幸运了。

Para 5: 我终于认识到：…it is contentment. Aging had to be more than what I saw in a mirror.

Para 6-9: 我开始去修养心灵，从小事做起。以餐馆里的事情为例说明自己如何成功做到不生气，不被外界干扰。

Para 10: 总结：提出希望，即：我今天的例子能伴随和指引我以后的老年岁月。

二、分析命题：

65. The author’s question in Paragraph 1 implies that _____________.

考查第一段的中心，引出主题

66. The author uses his friends as examples to __________.

考查围绕中心的例子的理解

67. What can we learn from the author’s friend mentioned in Paragraph 4?考查第二个例子的言外之意

68. After that recent lunch, the author realized that _________.

考查作者采取行动后的感悟

69. What’s the author’s attitude towards exercising in the end?

考查作者对锻炼的认识

70. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?

考查中心大意

由于本篇比较难，所以配上解析：

65. The author’s question in Paragraph 1 implies that _____________. 65. B。考查“理解文中的具体信息”。作者开篇就说自己一直用锻炼来迎接生命的终点线的要求，但随后一转：我是不是应该多问问我的心里世界？接下来作者开始描述如何努力锻炼来避免关于身体上的坏消息，但一直遗憾自己在思维锻炼上不能像身体锻炼那样有毅力。B项和最后的疑问是一致的。A项错在never，因为第三段作者是参加了不少思维训练活动，另外文章也没有说到作者是否相信必要性，只是说自己做不到持之以恒；C项错在后半段的提高思维技能，作者强调的是自己的思维训练没有持久性（discipline），而不是技能的高低；D 项错在result，因为文章没有提到结果。

66. The author uses his friends as examples to __________.

66. A。考查“根据文中事实和线索作出简单的判断和推理”。第一个例子说有些人身体健康但思维消极，第二个例子正好相反，这两个例子都是为了说明论点：aging is a choice made in the mind, not in the gym。A项说老年是人生一个比克避免的阶段，和论点是一致的。C项是脱离主旨的联想，文章虽然说到了积极和消极思维的人，但不是为了说明如何交友。B项和D项都是从例子的本身而言，而没有看到言外之意（think between the lines）。

67. What can we learn from the author’s friend mentioned in Paragraph 4?

67. B。考查“根据文中事实和线索作出简单的判断和推理”。从字面上看这个朋友说的是自己盲了总要比聋了好，但从前面such看，这段话

主要是承接上一段的第二个例子，即find comfort in their ability，类似于“既来之则安之”的平静心态，B项的意思说病来了，那就接受它，符合句意。

68. After that recent lunch, the author realized that _________.

68. D,= 考查“理解文中的具体信息”。此题比较简单，因为文章反复提到了distraction，且这一段的首句I’ve always found it extremely diffi cult to concentrate也是提示。

69. What’s the author’s attitude towards exercising in the end?

69. C。考查“理解作者的观点、意图和态度”。作者一开头说自己可能需要注意修心（mind），怀疑纯粹的锻炼的效果，接着说明修心的重要，最后说明自己如何去实践达到目标。倒数第三段末句：The discipline so familiar to me in the gym — this time applied to my mind —proved equally effective in the restaurant.说明了作者锻炼身体的毅力终于在修心上也是同样有效的。可见作者的观点从一开始的怀疑到最后的肯定。

70. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?

70. B。考查“理解语篇的主旨要义”。文章主要是围绕进入老年的正确姿势不仅仅是身体锻炼，还要修心养性，B项符合。

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