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月英语六级真题试题册和答案

2018年6月英语六级试卷册

Directions: For this

上。Part I Writing (30 minutes)注意：此部分试卷在答题卡1part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due

Attention Should Be Given to the Study of Chinese. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:

1.近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象；

2.出现这种现象的原因和后果；

3.我认为…

Due Attention Should Be Given to the Study of Chinese

___________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Obama's success isn't all good news for black Americans

As Erin White watched the election results head towards victory for

Barack Obama, she felt a burden lifting from her shoulders. In that one second,

it was a validation for my whole race, she recalls.

I've always been an achiever, says White, who is studying for an MBA at VanderbiltUniversity in Nashville, Tennessee. But there had always been these things in the back of my mind questioning whether I really can be who I want. It was like a shadow, following me around saying you can only go so far. Now it's

like a barrier has been let down.

White's experience is what many psychologists had expected - that Obama

would prove to be a powerful role model for African Americans. Some hoped his

rise to prominence would have a big impact on white Americans, too, challenging those who still harbour racist sentiments. The traits that characterise him are very contradictory to the racial stereotypes that black people are aggressive

and uneducated, says Ashby Plant of FloridaStateUniversity. He's very

intelligent and eloquent.

Sting in the tail Ashby Plant is one of a number of psychologists who

seized on Obama's candidacy to test hypotheses about the power of role models. Their work is already starting to reveal how the Obama effect is changing

people's views and behaviour. Perhaps surprisingly, it is not all good news:

there is a sting in the tail of the Obama effect. But first the good news. Barack Obama really is a positive role model for African Americans, and he was making an impact even before he got to the White House. Indeed, the Obama effect can be surprisingly immediate and powerful, as Ray Friedman of

VanderbiltUniversity and his colleagues discovered. They tested four

separate groups at four key stages of Obama's presidential campaign. Each group consisted of around 120 adults of similar age and education, and the test assessed their language skills. At two of these stages, when Obama's success was

less than certain, the tests showed a clear difference between the scores of the white and black participants—an average of 12.1 out of 20, compared to 8.8, for example. When the Obama fever was at its height, however, the black participants performed much better. Those who had watched Obama's acceptance speech as the Democrats' presidential candidate performed just as well, on average, as the white subjects.After his election victory, this was true of all the black participants.Dramatic shift What can explain this dramatic shift? At the

start of the test, the participants had to declare their race and were told

their results would be used to assess their strengths and weaknesses. This

should have primed the subjects with stereotype threat – an anxiety that

their results will confirm negative stereotypes, which has been shown to damage the performance of African Americans. Obama's successes seemed to act as a shield against this. We suspect they felt inspired and energised by his victory, so the stereotype threat wouldn't prove a distraction, says Friedman.

Lingering racism If the Obama effect is positive for African Americans,

how is it affecting their white compatriots (同胞)? Is the experience of having

a charismatic (有魅力的) black president modifying lingering racist attitudes? There is no easy way to measure racism directly。 instead psychologists assess what is known as implicit bias, using a computer-based test that measures how quickly people associate positive and negative words—畳档愠?汜癯履漠?敜楶屬—with photos of black or white faces. A similar test can also measure how quickly subjects associate stereotypical traits—such as athletic skills or mental

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ability—with a particular group. In a study that will appear in the

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Plant's team tested 229 students during the height of the Obama fever. They found that implicit bias has fallen

by as much as 90% compared with the level found in a similar study in 2006.

That's an unusually large drop, Plant says. While the team can't be sure

their results are due solely to Obama, they also showed that those with the lowest bias were likely to subconsciously associate black skin colour with political words such as government or president. This suggests that Obama

was strongly on their mind, says Plant.Drop in bias Brian Nosek of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, who runs a website that measures implicit bias using similar test, has also observed a small drop in bias in the 700,000 visitors to the site since January 2007, which might be explained by Obama's rise to popularity. However, his preliminary results suggest that change will be much slower coming than Plant's results suggest.Talking

honestly People now have the opportunity of expressing support for Obama

every day, says Daniel Effron at StanfordUniversity in California. Our

research arouses the concern that people may now be more likely to raise

negative views of African Americans. On the other hand, he says, it may just encourage people to talk more honestly about their feelings regarding race issues, which may not be such a bad thing. Another part of the study

suggests far more is at stake than the mere expression of views. The Obama

effect may have a negative side. Just one week after Obama was elected president, participants were less ready to support policies designed to address racial inequality than they had been two weeks before the election. Huge

obstacles It could, of course, also be that Obama's success helps people

to forget that a disproportionate number of black Americans still live in

poverty and face huge obstacles when trying to overcome these circumstances. Barack Obama's family is such a salient (出色的) image, we generalise it and

fail to see the larger picture—that there's injustice in every aspect of American life, says Cheryl Kaiser of the University of Washington in Seattle. Those trying to address issues of racial inequality need to constantly remind people of the inequalities that still exist to counteract the Obama's effect,

she says. Though Plant's findings were more positive, she too warns

against thinking that racism and racial inequalities are no longer a problem. The last thing I want is for people to think everything's solved. These findings do not only apply to Obama, or even just to race. They should hold for any role model in any country. There's no reason we wouldn't have seen the same effect on our views of women if Hillary Clinton or Sarah Palin had been

elected, says Effron. So the election of a female leader might have a downside

for other women.Beyond race We also don't yet know how long the Obama effect—both its good side and its bad—will last.Political sentiment is notoriously changeable: What if things begin to go wrong for Obama, and his popularity slumps? And what if Americans become so familiar with having Obama as their president that they stop considering his race altogether? Over time he might become his own entity, says Plant. This might seem like the

ultimate defeat for racism, but ignoring the race of certain select

individuals—a phenomenon that psychologists call subtyping—also has an

insidious (隐伏的) side. We think it happens to help people preserve their beliefs, so they can still hold on to the previous stereotypes. That could turn out to be the cruellest of all the twists to the Obama effect.

注意：此部分试卷请在答题卡1上作答。1. How did Erin White feel upon seeing Barack Obama's victory in the election? A) Excited. B)

Victorious. C) Anxious. D) Relieved.2. Before the election, Erin

White has been haunted by the question of whether _____. A) she could

obtain her MBA degree B) she could go as far as she wanted in life C)

she was overshadowed by her white peers D) she was really an achiever as a student3. What is the focus of Ashby Plant's study? A) Racist sentiments

in America. B) The power of role models. C) Personality traits of successful blacks. D) The dual character of African Americans.4. In their experiments, Ray Friedman and his colleagues found that ______. A) blacks

and whites behaved differently during the election B) whites' attitude

towards blacks has dramatically changed C) Obama's election has eliminated

the prejudice against blacks D) Obama's success impacted blacks'

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performance in language tests5. What do Brian Nosek's preliminary results

suggest? A) The change in bias against blacks is slow in coming. B)

Bias against blacks has experienced an unusual drop. C) Website visitor's opinions are far from being reliable. D) Obama's popularity may decline as

time passes by.6. A negative side of the Obama effect is that ______. A)

more people have started to criticise President Obama's racial policies B) relations between whites and African Americans may become tense again C)

people are now less ready to support policies addressing racial

inequality D) white people are likely to become more critical of African Americans7. Cheryl Kaiser holds that people should be constantly reminded that

______. A) Obama's success is sound proof of black's potential B)

Obama is but a rare example of black's excellence C) racial inequality

still persists in American society D) blacks still face obstacles in

political participation8. According to Effron, if Hillary Clinton or Sarah Palin had been elected, there would also have been a negative effect on ______.9. It

is possible that the Obama effect will be short-lived if there is a change in people's ______.10. The worst possible aspect of the Obama effect is that people could ignore his race altogether and continue to hold on to their old racial

______.

Directions: In this

A(35 minutes)Section Part III Listening Comprehension

section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was

said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four

choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the

centre.注意：此部分试卷请在答题卡2上作答。11. A) The man failed to keep his promise.

B) The woman has a poor memory.

C) The man borrowed the book from the library.

D) The woman does not need the book any more.

12. A) The woman is making too big a fuss about her condition.

B) Fatigue is a typical symptom of lack of exercise.

C) The woman should spend more time outdoors.

D) People tend to work longer hours with artificial lighting.

13. A) The printing on her T-shirt has faded.

B) It is not in fashion to have a logo on a T-shirt.

C) She regrets having bought one of the T-shirts.

D) It is not a good idea to buy the T-shirt.

14. A) He regrets having published the article.

B) Most readers do not share his viewpoints.

C) Not many people have read his article.

D) The woman is only trying to console him.

15. A) Leave Daisy alone for the time being.

B) Go see Daisy immediately.

C) Apologize to Daisy again by phone.

D) Buy Daisy a new notebook.

16. A) Batteries.

B) Garden tools.

C) Cameras.

D) Light bulbs.

17. A) The speakers will watch the game together.

B) The woman feels lucky to have got a ticket.

C) The man plays center on the basketball team.

D) The man can get the ticket at its original price.

18. A) The speakers will dress formally for the concert.

B) The man will return home before going to the concert.

C) It is the first time the speakers are attending a concert.

D) The woman is going to buy a new dress for the concert.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) He wants to sign a long-term contract. B) He is good at both language and literature. C) He prefers teaching to administrative work. D) He is

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undecided as to which job to go for.20.A) They hate exams. B) The all plan

to study in Cambridge. C) They are all adults. D) They are going to

work in companies.21. A) Difficult but rewarding. B) Varied and

interesting. C) Time-consuming and tiring. D) Demanding and

frustrating.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) Interviewing a moving star. B) Discussing teenage role

models. C) Hosting a television show. D) Reviewing a new

biography.23. A) He lost his mother. B) He was unhappy in

California. C) He missed his aunt. D) He had to attend school

there.24. A) He delivered public speeches. B) He got seriously into

acting. C) He hosted talk shows on TV. D) He played a role in East

of Eden.25. A) He made numerous popular movies. B) He has long been a legendary figure. C) He was best at acting in Hollywood tragedies. D)

He was the most successful actor of his time.Section B注意：此部分试卷请在答题卡2上作答。Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on

the conversation you have just heard.26. A) It carried passengers leaving an island. B) A terrorist forced it to land on Tenerife. C) It crashed

when it was circling to land. D) 18 of its passengers survived the

crash.27. A) He was kidnapped eight months ago. B) He failed in his negotiations with the Africans. C) He was assassinated in Central

Africa. D) He lost lots of money in his African business.28. A) The management and union representatives reached an agreement. B) The workers' pay was raised and their working hours were shortened. C) The trade union gave up its demand. D) The workers on strike were all fired.29. A)

Sunny. B) Rainy. C) Windy. D) Cloudy.Passage TwoQuestions 30

to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30 A) Some of them had once experienced an earthquake. B) Most of them lacked interest in the

subject. C) Very few of them knew much about geology. D) A couple of

them had listened to a similar speech before.31. A) By reflecting on

Americans' previous failures in predicting earthquakes. B) By noting where

the most severe earthquake in U. S. history occurred. C) By describing the destructive power of earthquakes. D) By explaining some essential

geological principles.32. A) Interrupt him whenever he detected a

mistake. B) Focus on the accuracy of the language he used. C) Stop

him when he had difficulty understanding. D) Write down any points where

he could improve.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you

have just heard.33. A) It was invented by a group of language experts in the year of 1887. B) It is a language that has its origin in ancient

Polish. C) It was created to promote economic globalization. D) It

is a tool of communication among speakers of different languages.34. A) It aims to make Esperanto a working language in the U. N. B) It has increased its popularity with the help of the media. C) It has encountered increasingly tougher challenges. D) It has supporters from many countries in the

world.35. A) It is used by a number of influential science journals. B)

It is widely taught at schools and in universities. C) It has aroused the interest of many young learners. D) It has had a greater impact than in

any other country.

Section C注意：此部分试卷请在答题卡2上作答。 George Herbert Mead said

that humans are talked into humanity. He meant that we gain personal identity as we communicate with others. In the earliest years of our lives, our parents tell us who we are. You're (36) ______. You're so strong. We first see ourselves through the eyes of others, so their messages form important (37) ______ of our self-concepts. Later we interact with teachers, friends, (38) ______ partners, and co-workers who communicate their views of us.Thus, how we see ourselves (39) ______ the views of us that others communicate. The (40) ______ connection between identity and communication is (41) ______ evident in children who are (42) ______ of human contact. Case studies of children who were isolated from others reveal that they lack a firm self-concept, and their mental and psychological development is severely (43) ______ by lack of

language. Communication with others not only affects our sense of identity

but also directly influences our physical and emotional well-being. Consistently, (44) ________________________________________________. People who lack close

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friends have greater levels of anxiety and depression than people who are close to others. (45) ________________________________________________. The conclusion was that social isolation is statistically as dangerous as high blood pressure, smoking and obesity. Many doctors and researchers believe that (46)

___________________________

_____________________________.

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

Section A

Question: My ninth-grade art teacher doesn't give any grade above 94% because, she says, There's always room for improvement. In previous years, I earned a 99% and a 100%. The 94 I received this term does not reflect the hard

work that I put into this course. Because of her improvement theory, I got a

lower grade than I deserve. Is her grading philosophy ethical (符合职业道德规范的)? Answer: Your teacher's grading system may be unwise, but it is not

unethical. A teacher deserves wide latitude in selecting the method of grading

that best promotes learning in her classroom。 that is, after all, the prime function of grades. It is she who has the training and experience to make this decision. Assuming that your teacher is neither biased nor corrupt and that her system conforms to school rules, you can't fault her ethics.

You can criticize her methodology. A 100 need not imply that there is no possibility of improvement, only that a student successfully completed the

course work. A ninth grader could get a well-earned 100 in English class but

still have a way to go before she writes as well as Jane Austen. What's more, grades are not only an educational device but are also part of a screening

system to help assign kids to their next class or program. By capping her grades

at 94 while most other teachers grade on a scale that tops out at 100, your

teacher could jeopardize a student's chance of getting a scholarship or getting

into a top college.

What it is wrong to condemn her for is overlooking your hard work. You

diligence is worthy of encouragement, but effort does not equal accomplishment.

If scholars suddenly discovered that Rembrandt had dashed off The Night Watch

in an afternoon, it would still be The Night Watch.

I could spend months sweating over my own paintings, but I'd produce

something you wouldn't want to hang in your living room. Or your garage.

One feature of a good grading system is that those measured by it

generally regard it as fair and reasonable—not the case here. Simmering (难以平息的) resentment is seldom an aid to education.And so your next step should be

to discuss your concerns with your teacher or the principal.

注意：此部分试卷请在答题卡2上作答。47. The ninth-grader thought that his art teacher should have given him ______.

48. According to the answer, a teacher should have the freedom to ______ to encourage learning.

49. We learn from the answer that a student who gets a 100 should still work

hard and keep ______.

50. The example of Rembrandt's painting suggests that a distinction should be

made between ______.

51. The ninth-grader is advised to go to his teacher or the principal to ______. Section BQuestions 51 to 56 are based on the following passage. Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to

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