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CQI-9热处理评审资料翻译

CQI-9热处理评审资料翻译
CQI-9热处理评审资料翻译

PCB专业术语中英文翻译【VIP专享】

PCB 专业术语中英文翻译 很多PCB 的书上使用的是英文,但是大多数的人又看不懂英文, 这时候怎么办呢,我们需要翻译,但是如果每看到一个不会的词 儿就去翻译,那么就太耗费时间了,所以我们捷多邦总结了一些 常用的专业术语的中英文对照,希望能对大家有用。 1.印制电路:printed circuit 2.印制线路:printed wiring 3.印制板:printed board 4.印制板电路:printed circuit board (pcb) 5.印制线路板:printed wiring board(pwb) 6.印制元件:printed component 7.印制接点:printed contact 8.印制板装配:printed board assembly 9.板:board 1 10.表面层合电路板:surface laminar circuit (slc) 11.埋入凸块连印制板:b2it printed board 12.多层膜基板:multi-layered film substrate(mfs) 13.层间全内导通多层印制板:alivh multilayer printed board 14.载芯片板:chip on board (cob) 15.埋电阻板:buried resistance board 16.母板:mother board 17.单面印制板:single-sided printed board(ssb) 、管路敷设技术通过管线不仅可以解决吊顶层配置不规范高中资料试卷问题,而且可保障各类管路习题到位。在管路敷设过程中,要加强看护关于管路高中资料试卷连接管口处理高中资料试卷弯扁度固定盒位置保护层防腐跨接地线弯曲半径标等,要求技术交底。管线敷设技术中包含线槽、管架等多项方式,为解决高中语文电气课件中管壁薄、接口不严等问题,合理利用管线敷设技术。线缆敷设原则:在分线盒处,当不同电压回路交叉时,应采用金属隔板进行隔开处理;同一线槽内强电回路须同时切断习题电源,线缆敷设完毕,要进行检查和检测处理。、电气课件中调试对全部高中资料试卷电气设备,在安装过程中以及安装结束后进行 高中资料试卷调整试验;通电检查所有设备高中资料试卷相互作用与相互关系,根据生产工艺高中资料试卷要求,对电气设备进行空载与带负荷下高中资料试卷调控试验;对设备进行调整使其在正常工况下与过度工作下都可以正常工作;对于继电保护进行整核对定值,审核与校对图纸,编写复杂设备与装置高中资料试卷调试方案,编写重要设备高中资料试卷试验方案以及系统启动方案;对整套启动过程中高中资料试卷电气设备进行调试工作并且进行过关运行高中资料试卷技术指导。对于调试过程中高中资料试卷技术问题,作为调试人员,需要在事前掌握图纸资料、设备制造厂家出具高中资料试卷试验报告与相关技术资料,并且了解现场设备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况 ,然后根据规范与规程规定,制定设备调试高中资料试、电气设备调试高中资料试卷技术电力保护装置调试技术,电力保护高中资料试卷配置技术是指机组在进行继电保护高中资料试卷总体配置时,需要在最大限度内来确保机组高中资料试卷安全,并且尽可能地缩小故障高中资料试卷破坏范围,或者对某些异常高中资料试卷工况进行自动处理,尤其要避免错误高中资料试卷保护装置动作,并且拒绝动作,来避免不必要高中资料试卷突然停机。因此,电力高中资料试卷保护装置调试技术,要求电力保护装置做到准确灵活。对于差动保护装置高中资料试卷调试技术是指发电机一变压器组在发生内部故障时,需要进行外部电源高中资料试卷切除从而采用高中资料试卷主要保护装置。

机械毕业设计英文外文翻译50材料的热处理

外文资料 HEAT TREATMENT OF METALS The understanding of heat treatment is embrace by the broader study of metallurgy .Metallurgy is the physics, chemistry , and engineering related to metals from ore extraction to the final product . Heat treatment is the operation do heating and cooling a metal in its solid state to change its physical properties. According to the procedure used, steel can be hardened to resist cutting action and abrasion , or it can be softened to permit machining .With the proper heat treatment internal ductile interior . The analysis of the steel must be known because small percentages of certain elements,notably carbon , greatly affect the physical properties . Alloy steels owe their properties to the presence of one or more elements other than carbon, namely nickel, chromium , manganese , molybdenum , tungsten ,silicon , vanadium , and copper . Because of their improved physical properties they are used commercially in many ways not possible with carbon steels. The following discussion applies principally to the heat treatment of ordinary commercial steel known as plain-carbon steels .With this proves the rate of cooling is the controlling factor, produces the opposite effect . A SIMPLIFIED IRON-CARBON DAGRAM If we focus only on the materials normally known as steels, a simplified diagram is often used . Those portions of the iron-carbon diagram near the delta region and those above 2% carbon content are of little importance to the engineer and are deleted. A simplified diagram, such as the one in Fig . 2.1 focuses on the eutectoid region and is quite useful in understanding the properties and processing of steel.

世界贸易和国际贸易【外文翻译】

外文翻译 原文 World Trade and International Trade Material Source:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/7717850216.html, Author: Ted Alax In today’s complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient. Nations have utilized different economic resources; people have developed different skills. This is the foundation of world trade and economic activity. As a result of this trade and activity, international finance and banking have evolved. For example, the United States is a major consumer of coffee, yet it does not have the climate to grow any or its own. Consequently, the United States must import coffee from countries (such as Brazil, Colombia and Guatemala) that grow coffee efficiently. On the other hand, the United States has large industrial plants capable of producing a variety of goods, such as chemicals and airplanes, which can be sold to nations that need them. If nations traded item for item, such as one automobile for 10,000 bags of coffee, foreign trade would be extremely cumbersome and restrictive. So instead of batter, which is trade of goods without an exchange of money, the United State receives money in payment for what it sells. It pays for Brazilian coffee with dollars, which Brazil can then use to buy wool from Australia, which in turn can buy textiles Great Britain, which can then buy tobacco from the United State. Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. The first, as mentioned above is that no nation has all of the commodities that it needs. Raw materials are scattered around the world. Large deposits of copper are mined in Peru and Zaire, diamonds are mined in South Africa and petroleum is recovered in the Middle East. Countries that do not have these resources within their own boundaries must buy from countries that export them. Foreign trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of a particular item to meet its needs. Although the United States is a major producer of sugar, it consumes more than it can produce internally and thus must import sugar.

流体力学中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)

14选择的材料取决于于高流动速度 降解或材料由于疲劳,腐蚀,磨损和气蚀故障糜烂一次又一次导致泵运营商成本高昂的问题。这可能通过仔细选择材料的性能以避免在大多数情况下发生。一两个原因便可能导致错误的材料选择:(1)泵输送的腐蚀性液体的性质没有清楚地指定(或未知),或(2),由于成本的原因(竞争压力),使用最便宜的材料。 泵部件的疲劳,磨损,空化攻击的严重性和侵蚀腐蚀与流速以指数方式增加,但应用程序各种材料的限制,不容易确定。它们依赖于流速度以及对介质的腐蚀性泵送和浓度夹带的固体颗粒,如果有的话。另外,交变应力诱导通过压力脉动和转子/定子相互作用力(RSI)真的不能进行量化。这就是为什么厚度的叶片,整流罩和叶片通常从经验和工程判断选择。 材料的本讨论集中在流之间的相互作用现象和物质的行为。为此,在某些背景信息腐蚀和经常使用的材料,被认为是必要的,但是一个综合指南材料的选择显然是超出了本文的范围。在这一章中方法开发出促进系统和一致方法选择材料和分析材料的问题领域。四个标准有关,用于选择材料暴露于高流动速度: 1.疲劳强度(通常在腐蚀环境),由于高的速度在泵本身与高压脉动,转子/定子的相互作用力和交变应力。 2.腐蚀诱导高的速度,特别是侵蚀腐蚀。 3.气蚀,由于已广泛在章讨论。 4.磨耗金属损失造成的流体夹带的固体颗粒。 磨损和汽蚀主要是机械磨损机制,它可以在次,被腐蚀的钢筋。与此相反,腐蚀是一种化学金属,泵送的介质,氧和化学试剂之间的反应。该反应始终存在- 即使它是几乎察觉。最后,该叶轮尖端速度可以通过液压力或振动和噪声的限制。 14.1叶轮和扩散的疲劳性骨折 可避免的叶轮叶片,整流罩或扩散器叶片的疲劳断裂施加领域的状态;它们很少观察到。在高负荷的泵,无视基本设计规则或生产应用不足的医疗服务时,这种类型的伤害仍然是有时会遇到。的主要原因在静脉或罩骨折包括: ?过小的距离(间隙B或比D3*= D3/ D2)叶轮叶片之间扩散器叶片(表10.2)。 ?不足寿衣厚度。 ?不足质量:叶片和护罩之间的圆角半径缺失或过于引起的小,铸造缺陷,脆性材料(韧性不足)热处理不足。 ?可能地,过度的压力脉动引起的泵或系统,第一章。10.3。 ?用液压或声叶轮的固有模式之间共振激发。也可能有之间的一个流体- 结构交互叶轮的侧板,并在叶轮侧壁间隙流动.. 转子/定子的互动和压力脉动章中讨论。10产生交替在叶轮叶片的压力和所述整流罩以及在扩散器叶片。这些应力的准确的分析几乎是不可能的(甚至虽然各组分能很好通过有限元程序进行分析),因为叶轮由不稳定压力分布的水力负荷不能定义。它不仅取决于流在叶轮,集电极和侧壁的差距,同时也对声学现象,并可能在脉动系统(也指章。10.3)。为了开发一致的实证过程评估装载叶轮和扩散器,用于选择叶片和护罩厚度或对所述的损伤的分析中,可以使用下一个均匀的负荷的简单梁的模型作为起点。因此,封闭的叶轮或扩散器的叶片是通过夹紧在两端的梁建模。开式叶轮或扩散器的描述由光束夹紧在一端,但游离在其他。根据表14.1和14.2的计算是基于以下assumptions1: 1.考虑叶片的最后部分中,在所述叶轮出口处的束夹在两者的宽度为X =5×e和跨度L = B2(E =标称叶片端厚度没有可能配置文件)。如果刀片是异形,平均叶片厚度青霉用于确

毕业设计外文翻译附原文

外文翻译 专业机械设计制造及其自动化学生姓名刘链柱 班级机制111 学号1110101102 指导教师葛友华

外文资料名称: Design and performance evaluation of vacuum cleaners using cyclone technology 外文资料出处:Korean J. Chem. Eng., 23(6), (用外文写) 925-930 (2006) 附件: 1.外文资料翻译译文 2.外文原文

应用旋风技术真空吸尘器的设计和性能介绍 吉尔泰金,洪城铱昌,宰瑾李, 刘链柱译 摘要:旋风型分离器技术用于真空吸尘器 - 轴向进流旋风和切向进气道流旋风有效地收集粉尘和降低压力降已被实验研究。优化设计等因素作为集尘效率,压降,并切成尺寸被粒度对应于分级收集的50%的效率进行了研究。颗粒切成大小降低入口面积,体直径,减小涡取景器直径的旋风。切向入口的双流量气旋具有良好的性能考虑的350毫米汞柱的低压降和为1.5μm的质量中位直径在1米3的流量的截止尺寸。一使用切向入口的双流量旋风吸尘器示出了势是一种有效的方法,用于收集在家庭中产生的粉尘。 摘要及关键词:吸尘器; 粉尘; 旋风分离器 引言 我们这个时代的很大一部分都花在了房子,工作场所,或其他建筑,因此,室内空间应该是既舒适情绪和卫生。但室内空气中含有超过室外空气因气密性的二次污染物,毒物,食品气味。这是通过使用产生在建筑中的新材料和设备。真空吸尘器为代表的家电去除有害物质从地板到地毯所用的商用真空吸尘器房子由纸过滤,预过滤器和排气过滤器通过洁净的空气排放到大气中。虽然真空吸尘器是方便在使用中,吸入压力下降说唱空转成比例地清洗的时间,以及纸过滤器也应定期更换,由于压力下降,气味和细菌通过纸过滤器内的残留粉尘。 图1示出了大气气溶胶的粒度分布通常是双峰形,在粗颗粒(>2.0微米)模式为主要的外部来源,如风吹尘,海盐喷雾,火山,从工厂直接排放和车辆废气排放,以及那些在细颗粒模式包括燃烧或光化学反应。表1显示模式,典型的大气航空的直径和质量浓度溶胶被许多研究者测量。精细模式在0.18?0.36 在5.7到25微米尺寸范围微米尺寸范围。质量浓度为2?205微克,可直接在大气气溶胶和 3.85至36.3μg/m3柴油气溶胶。

冲压模具技术外文翻译(含外文文献)

前言 在目前激烈的市场竞争中,产品投入市场的迟早往往是成败的关键。模具是高质量、高效率的产品生产工具,模具开发周期占整个产品开发周期的主要部分。因此客户对模具开发周期要求越来越短,不少客户把模具的交货期放在第一位置,然后才是质量和价格。因此,如何在保证质量、控制成本的前提下加工模具是值得认真考虑的问题。模具加工工艺是一项先进的制造工艺,已成为重要发展方向,在航空航天、汽车、机械等各行业得到越来越广泛的应用。模具加工技术,可以提高制造业的综合效益和竞争力。研究和建立模具工艺数据库,为生产企业提供迫切需要的高速切削加工数据,对推广高速切削加工技术具有非常重要的意义。本文的主要目标就是构建一个冲压模具工艺过程,将模具制造企业在实际生产中结合刀具、工件、机床与企业自身的实际情况积累得高速切削加工实例、工艺参数和经验等数据有选择地存储到高速切削数据库中,不但可以节省大量的人力、物力、财力,而且可以指导高速加工生产实践,达到提高加工效率,降低刀具费用,获得更高的经济效益。 1.冲压的概念、特点及应用 冲压是利用安装在冲压设备(主要是压力机)上的模具对材料施加压力,使其产生分离或塑性变形,从而获得所需零件(俗称冲压或冲压件)的一种压力加工方法。冲压通常是在常温下对材料进行冷变形加工,且主要采用板料来加工成所需零件,所以也叫冷冲压或板料冲压。冲压是材料压力加工或塑性加工的主要方法之一,隶属于材料成型工程术。 冲压所使用的模具称为冲压模具,简称冲模。冲模是将材料(金属或非金属)批量加工成所需冲件的专用工具。冲模在冲压中至关重要,没有符合要求的冲模,批量冲压生产就难以进行;没有先进的冲模,先进的冲压工艺就无法实现。冲压工艺与模具、冲压设备和冲压材料构成冲压加工的三要素,只有它们相互结合才能得出冲压件。 与机械加工及塑性加工的其它方法相比,冲压加工无论在技术方面还是经济方面都具有许多独特的优点,主要表现如下; (1) 冲压加工的生产效率高,且操作方便,易于实现机械化与自动化。这是

国际贸易英文文献

Strategic transformations in Danish and Swedish big business in an era of globalisation, 1973-2008 The Danish and Swedish context In the difficult inter-war period, a state-supported, protected home market orientation had helped stabilise both Denmark’s and Sweden’s economies, but after WorldWar II priorities changed. Gradually and in accordance with the international economic development, restrictions on foreign trade were removed, and Danish and Swedish industry was exposed to international competition. As a consequence, several home market oriented industries –such as the textile and the shoe industry –were more or less outperformed, while in Sweden the engineering industry soon became the dominant leader of Swedish industry, with companies such as V olvo, Ericsson, Electrolux, ASEA and SKF. In the Danish case, the SMEs continued to be dominant but in combination with expanding export oriented industrial manufacturers such as Lego, Danfoss, Carlsberg and the shipping conglomerates ok and A.P. moller-Marsk. In Sweden and Denmark stable economic growth continued into the 1970s, but due to the problems during the oil crises, the economies came into fundamental structural troubles for the first time since World War II. In the beginning this was counteracted by traditional Keynesian policy measures. However, because of large budget deficits, inflation and increasing wages, both the Danish economy from 1974 and the Swedish economy from 1976 encountered severe problems. Towards the late 1970s Denmark’s and Sweden’s economic policies were thus increasingly questioned. It was clear that Keynesian policy could not solve all economic problems. Expansive fiscal policies in terms of continued deficits on the state budget could not compensate for the loss of both national and international markets and step by step the Keynesian economic policy was abandoned. The increased budget deficit also made it difficult for the state to support employment and regional development. These kinds of heavy governmental activities were also hardly acceptable under the more market oriented policy that developed first in Great Britain and the USA, but in the 1980s also in Denmark and Sweden (Iversen & Andersen, 2008, pp. 313–315; Sjo¨ gren, 2008, pp. 46–54). These changes in political priorities were especially noticeable in the financial market. After being the most state regulated and coordinated sector of the economy since the 1950s, then between 1980 and 1985 the Danish and Swedish financial markets underwent an extensive deregulation resulting in increased competition. Lending from banks and other credit institutes was no longer regulated, and neither were interest rates. The bond market was also opened as the issuance of new bond loans was deregulated in Sweden in 1983. When the control of foreign capital flows was liberalised in the late 1980s the last extraordinary restriction was now gone. Together with the establishment of the new money market with options and derivates, this opened up to a much larger credit market and the possibility for companies to finance investments and increase business domestically as well as abroad (Larsson, 1998, pp. 205–207). Another important part of the regulatory changes in the early 1980s were new rules for the Copenhagen and Stockholm stock exchanges. Introduction on the stock exchange was made much

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