高一必修3--Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries知识点及其练习

高中英语外研社Book 3 Module 2 ----Developing and Developed Countries 一．阅读能力水平训练

live longer.

Many people like to watch others play games. They buy tickets or turn on their TVs to watch the games. Often they get very excited when "their" player or team wins.

Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere go in for(参加) them. Football, for example, has spread(展开)around the world. Swimming is popular in all countries near the sea or in those with many rivers. What fun it is to jump into a pool or lake, whether in China, Egypt or Italy! And think of people in cold countries. Think how many love to skate or ski (滑雪) in Japan, Norway or Canada.

Some sports or games go back thousands of years, like running or jumping. Chinese wushu, for example, has a very long history. But basketball and volleyball are rather new. Neither one is a hundred years old yet. People are inventing new sports or games all the time. Water-skiing is one of the newest in the family of sports.

People from different countries may not be able to understand each other, but after a game together they often become good friends. Sports help to train a person’s character. One learns to fight hard but fight fair, to win without pride and to lose with grace.

▼

1. Why do people all over the world enjoy sports?

A. Because they are healthy.

B. Because they are happy.

C. Because they want to live longer.

D. All the above.

2. Why do some people get excited when they watch a game? Because________.

A. their favourite team wins

B. they win the game

C. they get the good news

D. they can’t help themselves

3. Which of the sports has a long history?

A. Water-skiing.

B. Basketball.

C. Volleyball.

D. Long jump.

4. Why do people from different countries often become friends after a game together?

Because___________ .

A. they train their character in the game

B. they understand each other

C. they are friendly to each other

D. they help each other

neighborhood in California to which they returned. So Sam had been there before, but only for a short time when he was young.

Several months after the Greens left Colorado, after they were comfortably settled back in California, they heard a scratch at the door. They couldn’t imagine who might be there. It never occurred to them that it might be Sam, because they were sure he was happily set up with his new family back in Colorado. When they opened the door, the Greens saw a dirty, tired dog with very hurting feet. The animal looked a little bit like Sam, but no one could believe that Sam could have walked 840 miles on his own. The tired dog spent the night under the family car. The next day, when he was more rested, he performed some of his old tricks. The Greens knew they had their own dog back.

▼

【1】The story suggests that _______ .

A．dog owners have trouble renting B．many people treat their pets badly C．keeping a dog is easy D．dogs are too much trouble

【2】Which is the right order of the following events according to the passage?

a. Sam walked to California.

b. The Greens moved to Colorado.

c. The Greens left Sam.

d. The Greens returned to California.

e. Sam spent the night under the family car.

A．b, d, c, e, a B．b, c, d, a, e C．a, c, b, e, d D．c, e, d, a, b

【3】The underlined word “destination” in the first paragraph means _________.

A．the cost of living B．the country of one’s birth

C．the damage to oneself D．the place to which one is going

【4】The Greens knew the dog was Sam ________.

A．because of his hurting feet B．from the color and the markings

C．by the way he walked D．after he did some tricks

Module 2Developing and Developed Countries课文重点知识讲解

II语言点学习

1. In the year 2000, 147 world leaders agree d to work together to reduce poverty by 2015…

1）agree (sb) to do 同意，赞同（某人）做某事

他们两均同意早起．__________________________________

2) agree with ①同意（某人的观点，看法等）．agree with sb/ one’s opinion ,view, idea , decisio n

②与．．．．相符，一致, (气候，食物等）适合某人

Do you agree with what he said/his opinion/his idea?_______________________

What he said does not agree with the facts. ______________________________

3) agree to 同意（某人的想法，建议．计划等），常接plan , proposal, suggestion…

I don’t think that my father will agree to my plan. ___________________________

4) agree on (doing) sth. 表示“（双方或多方）在谋事或某方面取得一致意见”

We all agreed to build a bridge over the river, but couldn’t agree on where to build it.

____________________________________________________

2. From this agreement came the Human Development Report.

此句为全部倒装，即将句子中的谓语全部提到主语之前。英语中除了“全部倒装”之外，还有“部分倒装”．所谓“部分倒装”，就是将谓语的一部分提到主语之前，或在主语之前加助动词，常见的情况有：

１）以带有否定意义而且修饰全句的词开头的句子，要用“部分倒装”语序（倒装的方法跟变一般疑问句的方法相似）．这类常见词有never, hardly, seldom, not until, rarely, no sooner...than, hardly....when, scarcely...when

倒装：Never shall I do this again. 正常：I shall never do this again.

倒装：No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

２）so 修饰形容词或副词时，only修饰副词或状语放在句首是用“部分倒装”．如

倒装: So badly was he injured in the accident that he was sent to the hospital for treatment.

正常: He was injured so badly in the accident that he was sent to the hospital for treatment.

倒装: Only in this way can you master English.

正常: You can master English only in this way.

3. The index measure s a country’s achievement in three ways… income.

◆measure

1) [n.] ①方法，措施, 常用复数形式

政府答应采取措施援助失业。___________________________________________

②量，数量，大小；量度单位；量具，量器

An hour is a measure of time. ________________________________________

2) [v.]度量（大小，长短，数额，程度等），测量

Did you measure this distance? _______________________________________________

The tailor measures me for a suit. _____________________________________________

◆income [cn.] 收入，收益

辨析：income, pay, salary, wages

①income 可数名词，泛指一切收入，收益

②pay 多指雇主定期支付的工资

③salary 多指脑力劳动者按月支付的薪水

④wages 工人按小时、日或星期支付的工资

4. Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7.

while 并列连词，表示对比或对照，意为“然而，但是”．做这种用法讲时不可置于句首．

A feather falls slowly while a stone falls fast.__________________________________

while 的其他用法

Ａ________________While Mary was writing a letter, the children were playing outside.

Ｂ________________While most of us have met him ,we are not too familiar with him.

5. Make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11…

make sure 确保；务必；查明；其后可接of/about短语或宾语从句。

sb. be sure of/about 对…有把握sb. be sure to do sth.肯定会…

6. ….but that we need to make greater efforts…

◆①need [vt.] 需要，必要，后面可接名词、动名词或动词不定式作宾语

I need a dictionary, so I need to go to the bookstore. ___________________________

②need doing 表示被动的意义，相当于need to be done. 如：

How often does your hair need washing (need to be washed)?

③need可用作情态动词，通常用于疑问句和否定句中，后接动词原形。这时need没有人称和数的

变化，也没有时态的变化。

It’s only eight o’clock. Need you go so early?__________________

You needn’t tell him about it as I have told him. ___________________

◆make efforts ____________________

III课后作业

1.The agreement the two parties have ________ will make both favourable.

A. reached

B. arrived

C. got

D.taken

2.More natural resources should be made use of _______ the _______ need of energy.

A. meeting；increasing

B. to meet；increased

C. meeting；increased

D. to meet；increasing

3.―Where _______ little Tom be now?—I wonder what he _________.

A. can；is up to

B. must；is about

C. may；is doing

D. must；playing

4.He felt greatly ________ by the manager’s praise.

encouraged B. encouraging

C. to be encouraged

D. to be encouraging

5.We’ve got ________ jobs for school-leavers, but we haven’t built ________ houses for them yet.

A. plenty of；enough

B. plenty of；plenty of

C. a lot of； a plenty of

D. plenty of； a lot of

6._______ he would like to attend the party is not my business.

A. Whether

B. If

C. That

D. /

7.―Can you persuade your brother to go with us?―No, he will never do ________ he is asked to do.

A. whenever

B. whatever

C. no matter what

D. whichever

8.If you go to the Red Star Hotel, go straight along this street. It’s only 50 metres’ _______

A. away

B. distance

C. far

D. way

9.Several weeks had gone by _______ I realized the painting was missing.

A. as

B. before

C. since

D.when

10.Ｉdon’t mind picking up your things from the store . ________ the walk will do me good. [2004 全国]Ａ.Sooner or later B. Still C. In time D. Besides

11.________ you call me to say you’re not coming, I’ll see you at the theatre. *2004 全国]

A. Though

B. Whether

C. Until

D.Unless

12.I do every single bit of housework ________ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. [2004 全国]

A. since

B.while

C. when

D. as

13.Scientists say it may be five or six years _________ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.

A. since

B. after

C. before

D. when

14.It was _________ back home after the experiment. [2004 湖北]

A. not until midnight did he go

B. until midnight that he didn’t go

C. not until midnight that he went

D. until midnight when he didn’t go

15.You should try to get a good night’s sleep ________ much work you have to do. *2004 湖北]

A. however

B.no matter

C. although

D. whatever

16.Mr. Hall understands that ________ maths has always been easy for him, it is not easy for the students.

A. unless

B. since

C. although

D. when

17. We’re going to the bookstore in John’s car. You can come with us ________ you can meet us there later.

A. but

B.and

C. or

D. then

18.Good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’curiosity ________ he reac hes the end of the story.

A. when

B. unless

C. after

D.until

课时三语法

I课前练习

a. 用but，and 和however 填空：

1. I'd like to go with you，________，my hands are full.

2. I'm sorry，________ I won't be able to come tonight.

3. We must finish the job in time ________ hard it is.

4. They will supply food ________ drink on Saturday.

5. It looked like rain. ________，it is clear now.

6. Building has started ______ the project will be finished by 2000.

b. 用but, however, while, although 填空。

1. I can not speak Russian ______ my little daughter can.

2. I think there may, ______, be some other reasons we don’t know ab out.

3. My brother decided to go to that dangerous place, _____ I asked him not to.

4. The boy had said he wouldn’t do it again, ______ he broke his promise.

5. He didn’t turn on the light, _____ it was very dark in the room.

II课中练习

连词可分为并列连词和从属连词。

①并列连词：

A 表转折或对比but(但是，可是）while (而，却），yet(可是），however(然而，但是）

注意：but 不与although连用，但yet可以。He observes keenly, but says little.

B 表选择: or(或者，还是），otherwise(要不然）。如：Seize the chance, or you will regret it.

C 表联合：and, when(就在这时）等。如：We should keep the room clean and tidy.

D 表因果：for(因为），so(因此）等。如：It’s morning, for the birds are singing.

E 其他平行或对称结构：not ..but. , both … and …, either ..or…. , neither.... Nor…,not only … but also …, would rather … than …等。如：

Not only was everything in his classroom taken away, but also in his bedroom.

②从属连词

A 表时间：when(当。。时候），while(在…期间），since(自从…以来）,as soon as(一…就…）等。如：I will

get in touch you as soon as I arrived.

B 表原因：as(由于），because(因为），since(既然）等。如：

I know it’s true, because I read about it in the official report.

C 表地点：where，wherever如：Wherever you go, keep in touch with me.

D 表条件：if(如果），unless(除非），as long as(只要）。如：He will not come unless he is invited.

E 表目的：so that (为了），in order that (为了），in case (以防）。如：

He took a taxi to the station in order that he should not miss the train.

F 表结果：so(结果），so that(结果），如：It was very cold, so that the water in bowl froze.

G 表让步：though/although(虽然）。如：Although I live near the sea, I’m not a good swimmer.

H 表方式：as(正如），as if/though(好像）.如：They talked as if they had been friends for years.

I 表比较：as… as (像。。一样）, than(比）如：This river is ten times as long as that one.

[辨析] ①but, however

but既可连接两个句子又可连接句子中的两个并列成分，however却只能连接两个句子。

②while, although

由although 引导的让步状语从句，可译为“虽然”。常用于句首，且不与but连用。

由while 引导的状语从句，表示对比。可译为“然而”，常用于句中。

A. Translate the following sentences.

他个子矮而他兄弟个子高。____________________________________________

他很努力，然而还是失败了。____________________________________________

痛得厉害，可是他并不呻吟。_____________________________________________

B. Multiple choices

1._____ you call me to say you’re not coming, I’ll seeyou at the theatre.

A. Though

B. Whether

C. Until

D. Unless

2. I do every single bit of housework____ my husband Bob just does the dishes.

A. since

B. while

C. when

D. as

3. Pau l had to write a history paper,_____ he couldn’t find time to do it.

A. but

B. so

C. because

D. if

4. You should try to get a good night’s sleep____ much work you have to do.

A. however

B. no matter

C. although

D. whatever

III课后练习

语法专练[but,however,while,although,though]

1.—How can I wake up so early? —Set the alarm at 5 o’clock,________ you’ll make it.

A.but

B.or

C.and

D.so

2.It’s really very dangerous.One more step,________the baby will fall into the well.

A.or

B.so

C.and

D.but

3.Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert________it means standing in a queue all night.

A.so that

B.however

C.even though

D.as if

4.Most of the Europeans refuse to accept GM food________Americans regard it as the fruit from high tech.

A.when

B.as

C.while

D.the moment

5.The shop doesn’t open until 11 a. m.,________ it loses a lot of business.

A.for

B.or

C.but

D.so

[用but,however,while填空]

6.I feel a bit tired.________,I can hold on.我有点累了，但我能坚持下去。

7.________ I like the color of the hat,I do not like its shape.

虽然我喜欢这顶帽子的颜色，但我不喜欢它的形状。

8.It is hot in summer here,________it is not cold in winter.这里夏天热，但冬天不冷。

9.She looks very young,________she is already in her 30’s.

她看上去很年轻，可是她已三十多岁了。

10.I like tea ________ she likes coffee.我喜欢喝茶，而她喜欢喝咖啡。

课时四cultural corner and writing

1. …and they are both close to some of the most beautiful countryside in the region.

close可做形容词，也可做副词。此句中用做形容词。

1）用做形容词时，可作“近的，接近的，靠近的”解，通常用作表语，其后跟介词to.

The house is close to the church.____________________________________

2）用作副词, 表示位置的紧邻，接近；closely表示抽象意义的动作的仔细，关系的密切。

I stood _______to her watching the man________.

注意：有些形容词本身可以作副词，如果加－ly意义会发生变化，常见的有：

deep(深，迟）deeply(用于抽象意义）

free(免费地）freely(自由地，无拘束地）

hard( 努力地）hardly(几乎不）

high(高）highly(高度地；非常地（用于抽象）

late(晚，迟）lately(近来）

most(最，非常）mostly(主要地）

near(附近）nearly(几乎）

wide(广阔地；充分地）widely(广泛地）

2. But they share something else.

share [v.] 分享，均分，分担share sth. with/ among/ between sb. [n.] 一份，份额

His property was shared equally among his children. ____________________________

He did his share of the work.. ________________________________

3. There are visits and exchanges between schools, theatre groups and sports teams.

exchange [n./v.] _______________

我们交换了看法。__________________________________________________

【相关短语】in exchange for _____________ exchange A for B______________

exchange sth. with sb. __________________________

【辨析】exchange/ change change A B exchange A B

翻译下列词组：

1. 同意做某事______________

2. 确保______________

3. 在…的顶端______________

4. 在…的底部______________

5. 发展中国家______________

6. 发达国家______________

7. 努力______________ 8. 接近______________

9. 与…有联系______________ 10. 结果是______________

一．短文改错

The early morning fire damaged the historic Gallad House today. It destroyed the third floor of the building so fire fighters saved the first and the second floors. There were only a few elderly people live in the building at the time and they carried out to safety. The Gallad House was built in 1718 and was used for a hotel for over 150 years. George Washington stayed in here in 12. The Gallad family owned the building for the elderly. Several fire department were called to the scene. When Fire Chief Andrew Bond asked when the fire started, he answered that perhaps a burning cigarette caused it. Chief Bond had promised to further examine the cause.

二.书面表达

你是高一***同学，请根据佳一中2015年美化校园的规划，用英语给你在美国的笔友Johnson写一封

部分倒装与完全倒装

部分倒装和完全倒装有什么不同?

看看下面的讲解是否明白？

部分倒装只需要把助动词提前其他句子结果不变

全部倒装呢则是要把谓语提前句子其他位置不边

部分倒装所谓的助动词意思我举个小列子你就懂了

I went to home .这里谓语就是went相应的组动词就是did

部分倒装：Did I go to home. 完全倒装：Went I to home.

1. 完全倒装

1) 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前（是整个谓语动词，而非助动词）。

例如：In came the teacher and the class began. （老师走了进来，然后开始上课。）

2) there引出的完全倒装句：除了最常见的there be句型以外，there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等，一般都译成"有"的含义，构成完全倒装句。

例如：There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.（远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。）

3) 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句：以地点副词here, there和时间副词now, then 开头，后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等，而主语又是名词时，构成完全倒装句。

例：Under that tree sits a beautiful girl.（那棵树下坐着一位美丽的姑娘。）

例：_________ from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him.

A) Jumped down the burglar B) Down the burglar jumped

C) The burglar jumps down D) Down jumped the burglar

答案是D) Down jumped the burglar。因为地点状语Down位于句首应该用完全倒装，整个谓语动词应位于主语之前。C) The burglar jumps down虽然是自然语序，但时态错误，应该用和时间状语从句一致的过去时，而不是现在时。

注意：

1) 在here, there引出的倒装句中，当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句，但当主语是代词时，就要用部分倒装句。

例：Here comes the postman!（邮递员终于来了！注意实意谓语动词位于主语之前。）

Here we are.（我们到了。注意系动词位于主语代词之后。）

2) 注意正语序和倒装语序的语气、意义是区别：

例：Here is the picture I love.（这正是我所喜爱的画。）

The picture I love is here.（我所喜爱的画在这里。）

3) 当主语是代词，谓语是系动词，表语是说明性的词、词组和定语从句时，可以使用完全倒装句，起强调作用。

例：Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.（他真幸运，被一所名牌大学录取了。）

2. 部分倒装

1) 部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词等）放到主语前，或把句子的强调成分提前。例：_______ right now, she would get there on Sunday.

A) Would she leave B) if she leave

C) were she to leave D) If she had left

结合选项，全句的意思是：“如果她立刻就走，她就能在星期天到达那里”。答案是C。

2) 以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法：

例：Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.（小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。）

例：In no country ______ Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.

A) better than B) more than C) other than D) rather than

本题是个倒装句，答案是C) other than。no other than意思是“正是、就是”；而rather than的意思是“宁愿……而不……；而不是”。

3) 以否定副词开头并加状语的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, nor nearly, not only等以及only。

例：Only under special circumstances _________ to take make-up tests.

A) are freshmen permitted C) permitted are freshmen

B) freshmen are permitted D) are permitted freshmen

全句的意思是：“一年级学生只有在特殊的情况下才可以允许补考。”本陈述句以only开始，后面接状语，应当用部分倒装句。所以答案是A) are freshmen permitted。如用自然语序，本题所在的句子就应该改写为：Freshmen are permitted to take make-up tests only under special circumstances.这两句话的差别是，前者将only under special circumstances放到句首，表示对状语的强调。注意：在部分倒装句中，只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词to be可以置于主语之前，其它部分都要置于主语之后。

注意：

a) 如果含有从句时，只要求主句倒装：

例：Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.（只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。）

b) 如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分，不用倒装：

例：It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact.（直到他出国以后才了解到事实真相。）c) 如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all时，意义类似almost no/ not/ never（几乎不、从不），则无须倒装。

例：Hardly any people having been invited went there.（几乎没有什么受到邀请的人去那里了。）

4) 由no matter how, however和how引导的状语从句要求部分倒装，因为形容词或副词通常紧跟在这三个引导词后面，然后才是主语和谓语，形成形式上的部分倒装句：

例：I know nothing about this river, neither how long, how wide nor how deep it is.（我一点也不了解这条河，不知道它有多长，多宽或多深。）

由as引导的部分倒装句：

a) 当as作为比较意义时，即用于as + adj./ adv. + as结构中时，如果把第一个as省略掉，就形成部分倒装句。

例：Cautious as the rest of her family (was) , she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.（正如她家里人一样谨慎小心，她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题。）

She ran down the stairs, quick as a rabbit (ran).（她跑下楼去，跑得象兔子那么快！）

b) 当as引导让步状语时，和although, though一样，当用作“尽管”之义时，可以用于部分倒装句。

例：_______, there was no hope of her being able to sleep.

A) As she was exhausted B) If she was exhausted

C) Exhausted though she was D) Now that she was exhausted

答案是C) Exhausted though she was。从属连词as, though可以用于让步状语从句中。这种从句必须以形容词（或形容词化的分词）、名词或动词原形开头，主语必须位于从句之后。D) Now that she was exhausted 里的引导词Now that表示“既然”；B) If she was exhausted表示条件“如果”；A) As she was exhausted表示“由于”（因为使用的是正语序），都与后面句子的意思不通顺。

c) 表示原因时，为了强调起见，也可以倒装。

例：Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.（因为他太累了，我们决定不打扰他。）

d) 等于so时，意义是“也，也是”

例：She worked hard, so/ as did her husband. （她工作很努力，她的丈夫工作也很努力。）

3. 其它情况的倒装句

1) so, neither, nor除了构成上述倒装句以外，还可以取代上文出现的名词、形容词甚至整句话，构成完全倒装句或部分倒装句。但这两种倒装的意义不同。

a) 当so表示“也，相同，那样”时，通常表示对前一句肯定句的赞同、一致内容，要求使用完全倒装句：例：I asked him to complete the experiment before five, so he did (=and he did that).（我让他在5点以前完成实验，他做到了。）

b) so /such ……that句型可以构成部分倒装句，表示强调so /such和that之间的部分：

例：So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.（他的要价如此之高，令每个人都瞠目结舌。）To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out.（她的彩排进行得那么长，以致于两个演员都走出去了。）

c) neither和nor共有4种倒装形式，其含义分别为：

完全倒装时：表示"也不"，和上文a）用法正好相反，表示对前一句否定句的赞同或一致内容。

例：You don't know what to do now, neither/ nor do I .（你不知道现在该做什么，我也不知道。）

和其它否定副词连用，表示"也（不）"，也要求用完全倒装句：

例：The besieged enemy could not advance, nor / neither could they retreat.（被包围的敌人既不能进，也不能退。）

注意：若把这句话改成："The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat.（被包围的敌人既不能进，也不能退。）"就不必倒装。

例：She never laughed, ______ lose her temper.

A) or she ever did B) nor did she ever

C) or did she ever D) nor she ever did

本题的句子是一个并列句，全句意思是：“她从来不大声笑，也没有发过脾气”。当前面的分句含否定意义而且后面的分句也含否定的意思时，后面的反句通常用含否定意义的nor（或neither）连接。此外，nor （或neither）连接的分句应当用倒装句，及其谓语中的情态动词、连系动词或助动词应放主语之前。所以

B) nor did she ever是答案。本句相当于："…, and she never lost her temper, either"。

1) 用在肯定句里，构成一般否定倒装：

例：All that is true, nor must we forget it.（那全都是真的，我们可不能忘记。）

2) 部分倒装，有承上启下作用，表示同意和赞同：

例：A: I couldn't do anything for her.（我帮不了她。）

B: Nor you could, but you might have got somebody to help her.（你是不能帮她，但你本可以找人帮她的。）2) 在进行比较的句子里，如果主语不是代词时，可以倒装：

例：America consumes more energy than did our country.（美国消耗的能源比我们国家多。）

Her face is rather pale and even paler are her hands.（她的脸色苍白，她的手更白。）