《明史·杨最传》阅读训练及答案译文

杨最，字殿之，射洪人。正德十二年进士。授主事。督逋山西，悯其民贫，不俟奏报辄

返。尚书李鐩劾之，有诏复往。最乃与巡按御史牛天麟极陈岁灾民困状，请缓其征。从之。

历郎中，治水淮、扬。值世宗即位，上言：“宝应汜光湖西南高，东北下。而东北堤岸不逾三尺，雨霪风厉，辄冲决，阴阻运舟，良田悉遭其害。宜如往年白圭修筑高邮康济湖，专敕大臣加修内河，培旧堤为外障，可百年无患，是为上策。其次于缘河树杙数重，稍障风波，而增旧堤，毋使庳薄，亦足支数年。若但窒隙补阙，苟冀无事，一遇霪潦，荡为巨浸，是为无策。”部议

．．用其中策焉。出为宁波知府。请罢浙东贡币，诏悉以银充，民以为便。

世宗好神仙。给事中顾存仁等皆以直谏得罪。会方士

．．段朝用者以所炼白金器百余因郭勋以进云以盛饮食供斋醮即神仙可致也帝立召与语，大悦。朝用言：“帝深居无与外人接，则

黄金可成，不死药可得。”帝益悦，谕廷臣令太子监国

．．，“朕少假一二年，亲政如初。”举朝愕不敢言。最抗疏谏曰：“陛下春秋方壮，乃圣谕及此，不过得一方士，欲服食求神仙耳。神仙乃山栖澡练者所为，岂有高居黄屋紫闼，靡衣玉食，而能白日翀举者？臣虽至愚，不敢奉诏。”帝大怒，立下诏狱，重杖之，杖未毕而死。

最既死，监国议亦罢。明年，勋以罪瘐死。朝用诈伪觉，亦伏诛。隆庆元年，赠．最右副都御史，谥忠节。

（选自《明史》列传第九十七，有删改）

10.下列对文中画波浪线部分的断句，正确的一项是（3分）

A．会方士段朝用者/以所炼白金器百余/因郭勋以进/云以盛饮食供斋醮/即神仙可致也B．会方士段朝用者/以所炼白金器百余因郭勋以进/云以盛饮食/供斋醮/即神仙可致也C．会方士段朝用者/以所炼白金器百余因郭勋以进云/以盛饮食供斋醮/即神仙可致也D．会方士段朝用者/以所炼白金器百余因郭勋以进/云以盛饮食供斋醮/即神仙/可致也

11.下列对文中加点词语的相关内容的解说，不正确的一项是（3分）

A．“部议”，旧时指中央各部内的决定。在文中指的是户部部内的决定。

B．“方士”，即方术之士，古代称从事求仙、炼丹等活动的人，在周朝被赐予同名官职。后来泛指从事医、卜、星、相类职业的人。

C．“监国”，通常是指皇帝外出时，由一重要人物（例如太子）留守宫廷处理国事。也指君主未能亲政，由他人代理朝政。

D．赠，文中指赐给死者官爵。帝王或大臣死后，依其生前事迹赐予其相应的称号，为“赠谥”。

12．下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析，不正确的一项是（3分）

A．杨最体恤百姓。他到山西催缴租税，看到百姓的贫困状况，于心不忍，没有向皇上请示就返回了。他请求皇上改变浙东百姓交纳财物的方式，以适应百姓的需要。

B．杨最颇有见识。他曾负责治理淮水、扬子江的水患，提出了三条治理宝应汜光湖的对策，最后中策被采纳。

C．杨最忠君直谏。明世宗喜好神仙之术，许多大臣都因直言进谏而获罪，但杨最仍不顾自身安危提出反对意见，最后遭受杖刑重罚致死。

D．杨最终得昭雪。在他死后，太子监国没有实行，郭勋畏罪自杀，而蛊惑皇上的奸臣方士也得到了惩罚。隆庆元年，杨最受到了朝廷的追封。

13.把文中划线的句子翻译成现代汉语。（10分）

（1）若但窒隙补阙，苟冀无事，一遇霪潦，荡为巨浸，是为无策。（5分）

（2）陛下春秋方壮，乃圣谕及此，不过得一方士，欲服食求神仙耳。（5分）

【参考答案】

10.选B。

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