英文回复信样式规范ResponseLetter
Dear Editors and Reviewers,
Thank you for your letter and comments on our manuscript titled “Temporal variability in soil moisture after thinning in semi-arid Picea crassifolia plantations in northwestern China”(FORECO_2017_459). These comments helped us improve our manuscript, and provided important guidance for future research.
We have addressed the editor’s and the reviewers’comments to the best of our abilities, and revised text to meet the Forest Ecology and Management style requirements. We hope this meets your requirements for a publication.
We marked the revised portions in red and highlighted them yellow in the manuscript. The main comments and our specific responses are detailed below:
Editor:
Please explain how the results in this paper are significantly different from those in Zhu, X., He, Z.B., Du, J., Yang, J.J., Chen, L.F., 2015. Effects of thinning on the soil moisture of the Picea crassifolia plantation in Qilian Mountains. Forest Research. 28, 55–60.)
Response:We apologize for our earlier lack of clarity about the differences between our study and those in “Zhu, X., He, Z.B., Du, J., Yang, J.J., Chen, L.F., 2015. Effects of thinning on the soil moisture of the Picea crassifolia plantation in Qilian Mountains. Forest Research. 28, 55–60”(named “previous article”below). Specifically, we found three main differences in the temporal variability and hydrological responses of soil moisture between our study and the “previous article”.
First, the scope of data analysis and use were different:The “previous article”just applied the one growing season data (from June 28th to October 25th2013) from the natural forest and the plantations with no thinning and thinned in 20% intensity. In addition, the “previous article”also has not considered the effect of 40% thinning on the soil moisture of the Picea crassifolia plantation. However, in the present study, we applied four years data (from June 27th 2012 to October 30th 2015 in HD and NF; from January 1th 2014 to October 29th 2015 in MD and LD) from the natural forest and the plantations with no thinning, thinned in 20%, and thinned in 40% intensity to analysis the temporal variability and hydrological responses of soil moisture in semi-arid Picea crassifolia plantations in northwestern China.
Second, the content of the research was different: The “previous article”only considered the spatial and temporal dynamic changes of soil moisture, but did not involve the inter-annual, and seasonal dynamic
changes of the soil moisture. In the present study, however, not only did we considered the effects of thinning on the spatial and temporal dynamic changes,the inter-annual changes, and seasonal dynamic changes of the soil moisture; but we also considered the changes in soil hydrological response after thinning.Our goals were to understand the changes in soil hydrological response and soil moisture dynamics, and to determine whether thinning management can effectively improve the state of soil moisture in the subalpine Picea crassifolia plantations in the Qilian Mountains.
Third, the research purpose and the result were also different: The mainly purpose of the “previous article”was to preliminary explore the thinning on the plantation forest soil moisture, and they found that the intermediate thinning can significantly increase soil moisture content at the depth of 60 cm. However, they didn’t point out that which or what the thinning intensity or plantation density can be benefit to sustainability of planted forests in these water-limited regions. In this study, not only we did confirmed that the intermediate thinning can significantly increase soil moisture content at the deep soil layer, but we also found that high planting density was the main cause of severe soil moisture deficits in the long-term, and it could be mitigated by 20 - 40% thinning (~3139 trees ha-1).In addition, by investigating the effect of thinning on the soil hydrological response, we found that soil
hydrological response may be temporarily modified by thinning according to changes in canopy structure, precipitation properties, and antecedent soil moisture conditions. Soil moisture in natural forest rapidly infiltrated into deep soil, which greatly improved the efficiency of precipitation use. Thinning significantly increased the capacity for soil infiltration, and moderate thinning intensity may be conducive to deep soil-water recharge. Further, according to the global circulation prediction models and trend analysis results and weather patterns, deep VSWC may increase if precipitation patterns shift to produce larger but less frequent rainfall events during the growing season, and this change will benefit growth of the vegetation planted at higher density in this semi-arid region.
Reviewer 1
I found the topic very interesting. The scientific (experimental) set-up is valid and the data is presented clearly, and analyzed in detail. My detailed comments are all in the attached pdf-file.
Response: Thank you for your encouraging remarks and valuable comments. We corrected our text according to your comments submitted in the attached pdf-file. Our responses to your comments are
as follows:
Comments in attached pdf-file
1. Keywords: maybe re-consider “Rainfall”
Response:We fully agree that it is necessary to re-consider “Rainfall”in the Keywords section. In addition, the statement of “Rainfall”was corrected as “Soil hydrological response”(L31).
2. Ln. 37: Expand, i.e. why are these specific regions water-limited.
Response: We apologize for our earlier lack of clarity. To increase clarity, we have re-written this sentence accordingly, and we have corrected “Grassland afforestation is critical in efforts to prevent wide-spread land degradation in arid and semi-arid regions of China (Chen et al., 2008a; Yang et al., 2014). However, sustainability of planted forests is severely limited by soil moisture conditions. Soil moisture is fundamental to sustainability in water-limited ecosystems (Newman et al., 2006; Yang et al., 2014).”as “Grassland afforestation is critical in efforts to prevent wide-spread land degradation in arid and semi-arid regions of China (Chen et al., 2008a; Yang et al., 2014), where rainfall is the main source of
soil moisture, and where many vegetation restoration projects were implemented (Li, 2004). However, soil moisture is the most crucial factor to sustainability of planted forests in these water-limited ecosystems (Newman et al., 2006; Yang et al., 2014). (L35-40)”.
3. Ln. 47: What is meant by “statistical moments of soil moisture, such as mean and variance”?
Response: It is meant that changes to canopy structure due to large-scale clearings or intermediate disturbance events may lead to changes in the mean and the variance of the soil moisture. We amended our text to clarify, and now it reads: “Changes to forest canopy structure due to large-scale harvesting may lead to changes in soil properties, residual tree growth, and the mean and the variance of the soil moisture (Chen et al., 1993; Olchev et al., 2009; He et al., 2013; Kaarakka et al., 2014).”(L48-51).
4. Ln. 60: add “ecosystems”(instead of cosystem)
Response:The statement of “cosystem”was corrected as “ecosystems”(L62).
5. Ln. 68: change “determining”to “affecting”
Response:The statement of “determining”was corrected as “affecting”(L71).
6. Ln. 71: Expand this sentence a bit. Growing season –where? At the studied region/area?
Response: To increase clarity, we have re-written this sentence accordingly (L71-75). And our studied region/area is also experiencing this precipitation patterns, with larger but less frequent rainfall events during the growing season, and more frequent extreme hydrological events.
7. Ln. 74–80: Heisler-White, He et al. and Sun et al. →showed where, in what type of ecosystem, how does it relate to the studied one, i.e. elaborate more on how these studies relate to the current one.
Response:That was an excellent suggestion, and we have made revisions according to your comments (L78-80, L83, L85-86).The study of Heisler-White et al. (2008) provides a background knowledge of the supply of the precipitation on soil profile. The studies of He et al. (2012)
and Sun et al. (2015) investigated the soil moisture dynamics of typical ecosystems (forestland, shrubland, grassland, and meadows) in response to precipitation, which can provide a reference for our research.
提供背景知识，了解降水对土壤的补给情况；He et al. and Sun et al.的研究研究了祁连山天然植被（林地、草地和灌丛）的土壤水分情况，是本文章研究的基础。
The response of soil moisture to rainfall event size in subalpine grassland and meadows in a semi-arid mountain range: A case study in northwestern China’s Qilian Mountains
Sun, F., Lü, Y., Wang, J., Hu, J., Fu, B., 2015. Soil moisture dynamics of typical ecosystems in response to precipitation: A monitoring-based analysis of hydrological service in the Qilian Mountains. Catena 129, 63-75.
8. Ln. 98: ponderosa →Ponderosa
Response:The statement of “ponderosa”was corrected as “Ponderosa”(L97).
9. Ln. 118–121: what is meant by “Tianbao”. Re-phrase this sentence, not sure what is meant by “returning the grain areas..”Refers to shift from
agriculture to forestry?
Response: Thank you for your valuable suggestions. We amended our text to clarify, and now it reads: “In recent decades, with the implementation of projects National Forest Conservation Program, “Grain for Green”program, and others and others, the area of planted vegetation in the Qilian Mountains has increased significantly (Li, 2004), and many semi-arid grasslands were converted to Picea crassifolia plantation forests (He et al., 2012).”(L128-132).
10. Ln. 124: Remove “growth efficiency”
Response: The “growth efficiency”was removed (L134).
11. Ln. 125: What is “weak stability”in this context –soil moisture or something else?
Response:We were happy to clarify the idea of a “weak stability of the ecosystem”, which meant that the stability of the whole ecological system will show a decreasing trend with vegetation succession. To increase the validity of this point, we included literature sources that related to the stability of the ecosystem (Yue and Ma, 1991; Sankaran and
McNaughton, 1999; Jiang et al., 2002), and the bases on which stability was evaluated: (1) suitability for local environmental conditions, (2) the resistance to and the ability to recover from an external disturbance, (3) the ability of self-renewal and normal development, and (4) having a relatively stable population structure.
12. Ln. 126: Replace: “enhancement”→“Improving the stability of the system”
Response: The statement of “Enhancement of the stability in this system”was corrected as “Improving the stability of the system”(L136).
13. Ln. 163: What is meant by “limited number of Larix”–maybe add a stem density estimate?
Response:Thank you for your valuable suggestions. We added a stem density to clarify, and now it reads: “The vast, recently afforested areas had a high stand density around 4500 trees ha-1, and contained a limited number of Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr trees (around 210 trees ha-1).”(L172-174).
14. Ln. 165: Remove “management”
Response: The “management”was removed (L175).
15. Ln. 166–167: last sentence of the paragraph needs re-phrasing →The thinning aimed to remove poor-growing trees as well those lacking vigor. What is meant by “fish-scale pit”, if this a regional term, define it. Does density in this context refer to stand density (i.e. to the density of the trees in a given area, in the pit)?
Response:That was an excellent suggestion, and we have made revisions according to your comments (L167-177). The “fish-scale pit”in this study is a regional term and meant that “the pit of the plant trees”. In addition, the density in this context refer to stand density of the trees in a given area.
16. Ln. 169: Rephrase. Maybe something like: “In early August 2013, a survey was carried out in the P. crassifolia plantation and in the nearby/adjacent natural P. crassifolia stand, which at the time of sampling were 31 and 41 years, respectively. Selected stands had similar site conditions.”
Response:That was an excellent suggestion, and we have made revisions
according to your comments (L182-185).
17. Ln. 176–177: Remove “except for the gathering of wild mushrooms between July and August”
Response:The “except for the gathering of wild mushrooms between July and August”was removed (L190).
18. Ln. 198: Change to “a soil pit with the dimensions of”
Response:The statement of “a soil pit with a dimensions of”was corrected as “a soil pit with the dimensions of”(L210).
19. Ln. 199: Change 5 →“five”
Response:the statements of “5”was corrected as “five”(L212).
20. Ln. 204–205: What is meant by “the accepted range of soil temperature change”?( -40 to +60 C) temperature change in the soil or where? If in the soil, why such extreme numbers?
Response: 这个只是仪器的测定范围，研究区土壤温度在什么什么范围（各个
图层的都加加上），所以用该仪器可以保证所测区域温度准确。
21. Ln. 206: Remove “nearly-original”
Response:The “nearly-original”was removed (L?).
22. Ln. 212: Why was this data (2014–2015) not available? Maybe add an explanation.
Response:The 80-cm data from the NF stand were not available for the 2014 and 2015 growing season due to the volumetric water content and temperature ECH2O sensor at this layer was damaged. And we added an explanation at the line of L225-227.
23. Ln. 214: Equation →equations
Response:The statement of “equation”was corrected as “equations”(L229).
24. Ln. 192: Add “Total nitrogen (Ntot)”use that for total nitrogen rather than “TN”(Ln. 268)
Response: The statement of “total nitrogen”was corrected as “Total nitrogen (N tot)”, and we use “N tot”rather than “TN”in the following parts (L205).
25. Ln. 268: Rephrase so that the reader understands that the SOC and Ntot varied with thinning intensity –maybe → ..”soil depths tended to decrease with increased thinning intensity, while soil bulk density tended to increase.”
Response:Thank you for your valuable suggestions. We amended our text to clarify, and now it reads: “Generally, SOC and N tot in all sampled soil depths tended to decrease with increased thinning intensity, while soil bulk density tended to increase”(MS, L283-284).
26. Ln. 273–274: Rephrase so that there will be less repetition.
Response:We have re-written this part according to the Reviewer’s suggestion (L270-281).这句感觉没有重复。
27. Ln. 287: Considered rephrasing “improving the utilization efficiency of precipitation”. Efficiency of the soil, stand?
Response:thus improving the utilization efficiency of precipitation for soil.
28. Ln. 334–336: Here, the data is well presented, sums the results for the reader (for VSWC)
Response:除了10 cm外，NF在其他各个图层土壤水分最高。Soil moisture content changed drastically after thinning, with a significant decrease near-surface (10 cm), and a significant increase in sub-surface (60 and 80 cm) soil.
29. Ln. 339: Change the other “HD”to “LD”and remove “LD”from the end of the sentence.
Response:We agree, and we have re-written this part according to the Reviewer’s suggestion (L320-322).
30. Ln. 391: One percentage seems to be missing?
Response:查一下文献，加上具体的百分比。Moreover, successive rainfall events enable a faster wetting of canopies, a 391 higher degree of
saturation of canopy water storage, and longer periods of 392 throughfall (Crokford and Richardson, 2000; Lozano-Parra et al., 2015).
31. (Ln. 393: Maybe rephrase →Evaporation is limited by energy availability)
Response: According to your suggestions, the statements of “Further, in wet conditions, evaporation from wet surfaces is lower due to limited energy availability”was corrected as “Further, in wet conditions, evaporation is limited by energy availability”(L?-?).
32. Ln. 397: Rephrase: “soil”→“soils”, “has”→“have”
Response:The statement of “soil”was corrected as “soils”, and the statement of “has”was corrected as “have”(L?-?).
33. Ln. 421–425: Repetition here →summarize.
Response:That was an excellent suggestion, and we have made revisions according to your comments (MS, L11).
We agree, and we have re-written this part according to the Reviewer’s suggestion (L320-322).
We have re-written this part according to the Reviewer’s suggestion (L270-281).
34. Ln. 478: “was”→“is”
Response:The statement of “was”was corrected as “is”(L?-?).
35. Discussion-section, although well-written, needs a bit of “compressing”. There are repetitive sentences that can easily be removed. Furthermore, all the numbers (for example canopy interception ln. 377–378) should be reported in the results-section.
Response:That was an excellent suggestion, and we have made revisions according to your comments (MS, L11). In addition, all the numbers (for example canopy interception ln. 377–378) have been reported in the results-section.
Reviewer 2
General comments:
In manuscript entitled “Temporal variability in soil moisture after thinning in semi-arid Picea crassifolia plantations in northwestern China”,
the authors analyzed long-term effects of three thinning intensities in Picea crassifolia plantations on soil hydrological responses and soil moisture dynamics at different soil depths, and compared them to those of a natural Picea crassifolia forest, which is a subject that is of relevance for “Forest Ecology and Management”. This study is valuable and interesting to provide a better understanding of the eco-hydrological consequences of the forest stand thinning in semi-arid grasslands afforestation forest, and I think that this manuscript could be accepted for publication after a moderate revision.
Response: Thank you for the helpful comments, which allowed us to improve our manuscript. We made the revisions accordingly. The main corrections and the responses to your comments follow:
Specific suggestions:
1. Generally, the manuscript is well written and structured, but the manuscript needs careful editing with attention to the use of the term, i.e., P. crassifolia -> Picea crassifolia.
Response: We agree, and we have corrected “P. crassifolia”as “Picea crassifolia”in all parts of this MS (MS, L81-82).
2. L42, the statements of “canopy structures”should be corrected as “canopy structure”.
Response: The statement of “canopy structures”was corrected as “canopy structure”(L44).
3. L63, “many”should be deleted.
Response:“many”was deleted (L65).
4. L113-114, a section in the introduction on the silvics of and soil characteristics preferred by Picea crassifolia would have helped the reader not familiar with the species.
Response:That was an excellent suggestion, and we have added information on silvics and the preferred soil characteristics of Picea crassifolia (L119-122, L619-622).
5. L116-118, I find the reason for spruce decline entirely as a result of exploitation. From 1949 to 1999, the temperature did rise to severely affect the spruce but over cutting and converting to other uses did
increase. We too often provide fodder for climate change deniers by over claiming the impact of climate change. Climate change will impact future spruce stands especially those in the transitional areas.
Response:We agree that, in transitional areas, climate change will also have an important impact on these spruce stands. After careful checking of historical materials, we found that the reduction of the Qinghai spruce forest area was the result of a combination of climate change and human activities. We have re-written this part to clarify this point (L125-126).
6. L120, the statements of “planted”should be corrected as “man-made”.
Response: The statement of “planted”was corrected as “man-made”(L128).
7. L121, the “semi-arid grasslands”represents original vegetation or consequence of deforestation and global warming?
Response:Thank you for this observation. In our study area, the semi-arid grasslands are the original vegetation.
英语投诉信范文.doc
英语投诉信范文 Directions: You found something wrong with the telephone bill you have received from the local post office. You made a call to inquire about this; however the person who answered the call was very rude. Write a letter of complaint to the manager of the post office, explaining the situation and giving your suggestions for improvement. Your letter should be no less than 100 words. You do not need to write the address. Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter, use Donna instead. 英文投诉信模板 Dear ______, ①I am ______（自我介绍）. ②I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about. ③The reason for my dissatisfaction is ______（总体介绍）. ④In the first place, ______（抱怨的第一个方面）. ⑤In addition, ______（抱怨的第二个方面）. ⑥Under these circumstances, I find it ______（感觉）to______（抱怨的方面给你带来的后果）. ⑦I appreciate it very much if you could ______（提出建议和请求）, preferably ______（进一步的要求）, and I would like to have this matter settled by ______（设定解决事情最后期限）. ⑧Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 范文 Dear Sir I am writing to let you know the deplorable attitude of one of your staff member. I received my telephone bill for the previous month from you and thought there were some errors in calculation: I had been overcharged for two overseas calls. However, when I called your Complaints Department, the girl who answered my phone was very rude. For one thing she interrupted me continually, for another she even said that the fault was my own. Needless to say, such a way of dealing with customers is unacceptable. I would like to suggest that the girl in question should be disciplined, and instructed on the proper way to deal with clients. And I hope she can make formal apology to me. An early response will be appreciated. Sincerely yours,
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三一文库（https://www.sodocs.net/doc/7f4355293.html,）/条据书信/信函范例 英文回复函范文 dear sir, we are very glad to receive your fax inquiry. since it is the first time we contact, we would be highly appreciated if you could provide us your bank name and address. we realize the types of ic you need, but we do not know the specification you require for that ic such as the voltage current. could you please tell us the purpose of this ic? the fax you send us is not very clear for the wording part. therefore, please fax it again (no need for graph ).we wish we could provide the best services to you . sincerely yours. 参考译文： 您好：
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投诉信回信(complain letter)英文
View：This page can be viewed as a slideshow: Introduction:Letters of complaint usually include the following stages: Background Problem - cause and effect Solution Warning (optional) Closing Background This section describes the situation; e.g. I am writing to inform you that the goods we ordered from your company have not been supplied correctly.I attended your exhibition Sound Systems 2011 at the Fortune Hotel (22-25 January) and found it informative and interesting. Unfortunately, my enjoyment of the event was spoiled by a number of organisational problems.I am a shareholder of Sunshine Bank and I am very concerned regarding recent newspaper reports on the financial situation of the bank. Your company is listed as the auditor in the latest annual report of the bank, so I am writing to you to ask for an explanation of the following issues.I am writing to inform you of my dissatisfaction with the food and drinks at the 'European Restaurant' on 18 January this year. Problem 1.Cause: On 28 March 2011 we placed an order with your firm for 12,000 ultra super long-life batteries. The consignment arrived yesterday but contained only 1,200 batteries. Firstly , I had difficulty in registering to attend the event. You set up an on-line registration facility, but I found the facility totally unworkable .You sent us an invoice for $10,532, but did not deduct our usual 10% discount .We have found 16 spelling errors and 2 mis-labelled diagrams in the sample book. 2.Effect: This error put our firm in a difficult position, as we had to make some emergency purchases to fulfil our commitments to all our customers. This caused us considerable inconvenience.Even after spending several wasted hours trying to register in this way, the computer would not accept my application.I am therefore returning the invoice to you for correction.This large number of errors is unacceptable to our customers, and we are therefore unable to sell these books. Solution I am writing to ask you to please make up the shortfall immediately and to ensure that such errors do not happen again.Could I please ask you to look into these matters.Please send us a corrected invoice for $9,479I enclose a copy of the book with the errors highlighted. Please re-print the book and send it to us by next Friday. Warning (optional) Otherwise, we may have to look elsewhere for our supplies.I'm afraid that if these conditions are not met, we may be forced to take legal action.If the outstanding fees are not paid by Wednesday, 13 April 2011, you will incur a 10% late payment fee. Closing:look forward to receiving your explanation of these matters.I look forward to receiving your payment.I look forward to hearing from you shortly. Politeness；he tone of complaint letters should not be aggressive or insulting, as this would annoy the reader and not encourage them to solve the problem. In addition, questions such as 'Why can't you get this right?' should not be included. Content The content should contain enough details so that the receiver does not have to write back requesting more. Legal action is not normally threatened in the first letter of complaint, unless the situation is very serious. Adjustment letter Acknowledging receipt of a complaint letter ；hank you for your letter of … regarding / concerning / in connection with … I refer to your letter of … about / relating to … Apology for the error or fault；We must apologise for …；We sincerely apologise for … ；Please accept our apologies for … ；I would like to apologise for the error made by our company in (verb+ing)； Accepting the Complaint We agree that the usual high standards of our products / services were not met in this instance. ； A short explanation of the fault ；Introductory phrase；As a result of our investigation, we found that... (Not: After our investigation...) Causes :The error was caused by … / was due to … ；Apparently, the problem was the result of … / resulted from … ；The cause of / reason for the mistake was …
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外贸英语函电书写格式要求 各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢 篇一：外贸英语函电写作技巧 外贸英语函电写作技巧 英文信函的信头也称信端，其内容包括发件公司的名称、标志、通信地址、电话号码、传真号、电子邮箱等。书写信头的目的是为了方便收件人了解信函来自何处，并为回复提供联系方式。 很多公司都会印制带信头的信纸。一般来说，人们喜欢将简单的信头放在信纸上端居中，将复杂的信头放在信纸的右侧或上下两端。在使用这种信纸打印信函时，一定要注意为信头留出足够的空间。 对于私人商务信函，如求职信等，信头通常写在信纸的右上方。 如果信函的长度超过两页，那么从第2页开始就不再需要信头了，只需写
上页码、收件人姓名及日期。 英文地址的书写和中文地址的书写有很大区别，应遵循从小到大的原则。特别值得注意的是，地址中的标点符号需正确使用。当前的习惯做法是，行末一般不加标点符号，但行中间该加标点的地方，还是不应省略。门牌号码与街道名称之间不加标点，但是在城市与国家名称之间必须用逗号分开。 英文商务信函中称呼的书写有讲究 在英文信函书写中称呼是对收信人的尊称语。一般位于信内地址下方空一行；有Attention时也一样，位于Attention 下面空一行。称呼后面一般用逗号（英式），也可以用冒号（美式）。 如果信是写给公司的，并没有直接的联系人，称呼应为：“Dear Sirs,”（英式）或“Gentlemen:”（美式）。在不能确定收信人性别的情况下，还可以使用To Whom It May Concern或Dear Madam or Sir。不过这两种称呼应尽量避免使用，因为人们觉得它们不能显示足够的友
(完整版)外贸英文邮件范文(免费版)
外贸业务全套英文邮件 第一步 1. 向顾客推销商品 Dear Sir: May 1, 2001 Inquiries regarding our new product, the Deer Mountain Bike, have been coming in from all parts of the world. Reports from users confirm what we knew before it was put on the market - that it is the best mountain bike available. Enclosed is our brochure. Yours faithfully 2. 提出询价 Dear Sir: Jun.1, 2001 We received your promotional letter and brochure today. We believe that your would do well here in the U.S.A. Kindly send us further details of your prices and terms of sale. We ask you to make every effort to quote at competitive prices in order to secure our business. We look forward to hearing from you soon.. Truly 3. 迅速提供报价 Dear Sir: June 4, 2001 Thank you for your inquiry of June the 1st concerning the Deer Mountain Bike. It gives us great pleasure to send along the technical information on the model together with the catalog and price list. After studying the prices and terms of trade, you will understand why we are working to capacity to meet the demand. We look forward to the opportunity of being of service of you. 交易的契机 4. 如何讨价还价 Dear Sir: June 8, 2001 We have received your price lists and have studied it carefully. However, the price level in your quotation is too high for this market, If you are prepared to grant us a discount of 10% for a quantity of 200, we would agree to your offer. You should note that some price cut will justify itself by an increase in business. We hope to hear from you
英语投诉信模板和范文
英文投诉信模板以及范文 一、英文投诉信模板 Dear ______, ①I am ____（自我介绍）. ②I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about____. ③The reas on for my dissatisfaction is __（总体介绍）. ④In the first place, ___（抱怨的第一个方面）. ⑤In addition, ___（抱怨的第二个方面）. ⑥Under these circumstances, I find it ______（感觉）to______（抱怨的方面给你带来的后果）. ⑦I appreciate it very much if you could ______（提出建议和请求）,
preferably ______（进一步的要求）, and I would like to have this matter settled by ______（设定解决事情最后期限）. ⑧Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Ming ^
二、英文投诉信范文 (Letters of Complaint) 【例一】 ; Dear Sir: With reference to our order No. W 98, the 120 computer sets supplies to the above order were delivered the day before yesterday, but
英语电子邮件的格式怎样写.doc
英语电子邮件的格式怎样写 英语电子邮件的格式 英文电子邮件的基本要素是主题、称谓、正文、结尾用语及署名。 电子邮件最重要的部分是主题，假设我们都是很忙的人，在打开邮箱阅读邮件时，第一眼看到的就是邮件的主题。所以，主题应当做到言简意赅并突出邮件重要性。英文邮件的主题需要注意不超过35个字母，将位于句首的单词和专有名词首字母大写。比如：Some questions about C++.在比较正式的格式中，需要把每个单词的首字母大写(介词、冠词除外)。 称谓如果是第一次给对方写信，那么称谓最好用Dear+全名，这样会让人感觉比较正式。如果对方以非正式口吻来信，我们也可以类似非正式地回复。比如：Hello/Hi Lillian 。在实际通信中可能遇到不知道对方姓名，可以用Dear+对方头衔，如Dear President ，或者Dear+Sir/Madam 形式。英国人习惯在称呼后加，，美国人习惯在称谓后加：，有时也可以不加任何标点，是具体情况而定。 在书写正文时，把最重要的事情写在正文最前面或者邮件内容较长时写在第一段。为了让收件人阅读邮件比较舒服，我们需要注意邮件正文结构的美感，邮件段落最好控制在两三段之内。如果一封电子邮件涉及多个信息点，我们可以采用分条目的方法，如符号、小标题、编号来使得邮件想要表达的内容层次清晰。邮件内容应注意单词的拼写、大小写、标点、语法等。所谓以小见大。 结尾语在正文之后添加。注意一般结尾语中只有第一个单词首字母大写而剩余单词都小写，此处与称呼不同。 一般电子邮件： Sincerely,
Sincerely yours, 私人电子邮件： Regards, Best wishes, Best regards, With best wishes, Wish best regards, Yours, Cheers, As ever, With love, Affectionately, ...... 在正文最后需要署名，可以写全名，也可以只写名字。需要辨明性别时可以在姓名后面注明(Mr./Ms.)。对于咱们中国人，为了区分姓和名，可以把我们的姓的字母全部大写，例如XIONG Lillian.如果写信人代表的是一个组织或部门，应在名字下一行写上自己的职位、所属部门。 邮件中常用词汇： 附件attachment I am attaching the report.我把报告放在了附件中 转发forwarded I ve forwarded your e-mail to Alice.我已经将你的邮件转发给Alice 保持联系stay /keep in touch
英语的写信格式开头结尾常用语句
英语写信格式开头结尾常用语句. 英语写信格式开头结尾常用语句.英文书信不论是商业信、社交信或朋友间的通信，依据习惯，大体都有六部分组成。即： 信头(heading) 信内地址(inside address) 称呼(salutation) 正文(body) 结尾语(complimentary close) 签名(signature) 1.信头(heading) 英语书信的信头包括发信人的地址和发信的具体日期两部分。信头放在信纸的右上角，一般分行写出。要先写发信人地址，再写发信的日期。写发信地址时依据从小到大的原则，即：先写门牌号码、街道名或路名，再写区(县)及所在市名称，然后是省或州、郡名称，最后再写上国家的名称。日期的顺序是先写月份再写哪一日然后是年份。需写邮政编码，邮政编码写在城市名称后边，用逗号隔开。 信头不能越过信纸中间而写到信纸的左上面。另外需要注意的是，通常在写地址时，第一行写门牌号和街名，第二行写地区名，第三行是日期。一般信头每行末不用标点符号，但
每行中间应用的标点不可少，城区名和邮政编码之间，日月和年份之间要用逗号隔开。 信头一般不要写得太高，信头的上面要留些空白。 信头的书写格式有两种：并列式和斜列式。所谓并列式是指信头各行开头上下排列整齐。而所谓斜列式是下一行开头较上一行的开头向右移一至两个字母的位置。如： 并列式： 6P Park Ave. New York; NY 11215, U.S.A. December 1， 1999 斜列式： 6P Park AVe. New york, NY 11215, U.S.A December 1， 1993 2.信内地址(inside address) 信内地址包括收信人的姓名称呼和地址两部分。社交的私人信件信内地址是省略的。信内地址的位置位于信头的左下方，它的开始行低于信头的结尾行，位于信纸中央的左边。信内地址先写收信人的头衔和姓名，再写地址，地址排列次序同信头一样。信内地址的书写格式也有两种：并列式和斜列式。一般来讲，信头和信内地址所用的格式总是保持一致的。标点符号的使用也与信头一样。
投诉信回复范文
投诉信回复范文 投诉信回复范文 ｘｘ小区业主： 市政府网站转来题目为ｘｘ县ｘｘ小区业主的投诉信的群众信件办理意见表已收悉，经调查，现就有关咨询题答复如下： 一、20ｘｘ年城西有限责任公司以出让的形式取得该宗土地使用权（岚国用20ｘｘ出字35号），土地性质是综合用地。按照《中华人民共和国土地治理法》的规定综合用地使用年限是五十年，因此ｘｘ小区土地使用权也只能是50年。 二、20ｘｘ年6月，县住建局组织有关部门对ｘｘ小区二期工程的规划设计方案进行了评审会，与会人员对绿化、停车位、通风采光、消防安全、防洪通道等方面提出了修改意见。由于现场建设用地紧张和县城规划建设的实际情况，请你们予以理解。 三、小区商品房的质量咨询题 1、ｘｘ小区共有5幢住宅楼，结构形式均为砖混底框结构，图纸设计、图纸审查及开工建设均在20ｘｘ年4月往常完成。依照《安康市建设局关于进一步加强城镇建筑抗震防灾工作的通知》（安建发[20ｘｘ]15号）文件要求：从20ｘｘ年12月1日起，所有新建建筑都要禁止使用预制混凝土楼板。ｘｘ小区1-5号楼的开工建设时刻均在20ｘｘ年12月1日之前，不在文件规定的时刻之后，施工单位按照设计图纸施工、小卧房为预制混凝土板，客厅、厨房、卫生间及阳台为现浇混凝土楼板。 2、业主反映房屋墙体及楼板出现裂缝的情况，已通知由ｘｘ小区的物业公司配合开发单位、施工单位对小区住房可能存在的咨询题进行检查核实，并按有关规定和责任督促尽快予以妥善解决。 四、ｘｘ小区因规划核实和房屋竣工验收未完成，办证所需要提交的初始登记资料不全，故暂不能办理《房屋所有权证》。现已督催开发商要抓紧办理相关手续。 五、关于物业的咨询题，现由开发商组建设立的物业服务机构，经查确实存在服务不到位的咨询题，我局已督查进行整改。如小区业主对该物业公司服务不中意，能够自行组织召开业主大会，成立业主委员会，自行选择物业公司进行物业治理。关于物业收费标准，应由物价部门治理，住建局无权进行审批。 六、小区修建封闭围墙属于开发商的配套建设部分，业主或物业公司可督促开发商尽快完善，维护其利益。关于监控设施、密码安全门和可视电话设施的安装，物业公司可对上述设施做好预算，在小区内予以公示，然后召开业主大会表决。假如表决通过，能够申请住宅维修资金支付该笔费用。 七、业主与开发商之间应平等和气的以事实为依据协商解决有关咨询题，若开发商及物业服务损害了你们的利益，请宽阔业主应依法维护其合法权益。 ｘｘ县住房和城乡建设局 ｘｘ县国土资源局 公司职员投诉信回复范文 生产简先生、叶先生、行政谢先生、生产车间职员谭ｘｘ： 关于职员谭ｘｘ心声的回复： 1、公司一直以来是欢迎并鼓舞各职员以实名制方式提出自己的意见和建议，不管其意见和建议是对与错，假如是对的，我们作为主管的要去改进，错的要给职员耐心解释清楚，关心解决职员提出的困难，行政要组织并定期的召开职员代表沟通会，让职员畅所欲言反映心声并及时解决存在的咨询题，建立一个职员、主管、公司沟通机制，三厂要在职员打卡处设立总经理投诉信箱，给宽阔职员向公司反映咨询题或心声提供多一个反馈渠道。我建议给
建议英文商务邮件范文英语商务邮件写法
建议英文商务邮件范文英语商务邮件写法 Dear all，（顶格写） （空一行） We are going to have a meeting about the arragement of our pany's opening ceremony. The details are as below:（第一句话清晰明了的交代事件，不多说一句浪费任何人的时间。） (分段再空一行，还是顶格写） 1.时间 2.地点 3.主持及参加人员 （重要信息这样分点写可以大大节约你在工作中的同事们的时间，又交代得很清楚） Thanks and Best Regards（这样的祝语任何人通用）
姓名 部门 ___ （注：格式上没行都是顶格写，分段就空一行，内容应简洁明了，表达到位。） 如果你只是抄送给其中一个人的话,那你就写主要收件人的名字。如果是两个人的话,可以把两个人的名字都写上去.例如 dear XX and XX或者你可以直接写 dear all。 在一定程度上可以，但需要注意的是，抄送相对于直接发送本身，约束力会小很多。抄送会给对方产生“我”可以答复也可以不答的印象。 如果公司人想通过抄送来引起上司的重视，自己心里应该掂量一下抄送的事情本身是否足够敏感，能否引起重视。其实，直接发送邮件或者走到对方办公桌前进行面对面的交流，效果会更好。 抄送示例
抄送的意思就是收到的人可回（邮件）可不回（邮件），可看可不看的邮件，也就是说你的邮件可以发给多人，让多人同时收到你的邮件！ 例如： 你想发邮件给一位老师，抄送给一位同学 可以在收件人一栏填写老师的电子邮件地址 在抄送一栏填写同学的电子邮件地址 这样两人都能收到邮件了！ 参考资料： 二.给领导的邮件怎么写： 1.范例 Subject: Presentation skills course
英文信件写法
英文信件格式 zz from Internet. 英语信件的种类比较多，有一般信件，邀请信，推荐信等。但几乎所有信件的格式都大同小异。书写英语信件要注意下面几点： （一）英语书信结构、书写款式及要求： 1．书信结构 英语书信结构一般有以下几个部分组成： 1）信封（envelope）。英语的信封和中文的一样，有三部分组成，即发信人地址、收信人地址和邮票。只不过英语信封的格式除了邮票所贴的位置（信封的右上角）和中文的一样外，英语信封上要写的发信人和收信人的地址和中文的大不一样。发信人的地址应写在信封的左上角，收信人的地址应写在信封偏中右偏下处，如下： 2）信头(heading)，即写发信人的地址和日期（右上角）。 3）信内姓名地址(inside address)，即写收信人的姓名和地址（左上角）。4）称呼(salutation)，即写对收信人的尊称（一般用Dear Mr. … ,; Dear Madam Helen,; De ar Miss…,; Dear John,; Dear Professor Smith,等）。称呼直接写在收信人地址的正下方，中间空一至二行。称呼后面的标点一般只能用逗号。以上信头、信内姓名和地址三部分的结构如下：
注：如果是相当熟悉和随便的朋友之间，因为彼此都知道对方的地址，故信头和信内的地址常常省略。 5）正文(body)，即信件内的主要内容。正文第一句句子一般和称呼之间空一至二行。 6）信尾客套语(complimentary close)，即写信人在信的右（或左）下角，写上表示自己对收 信人一种礼貌客气的谦称。一般有Sincerely,; Sincerely yours,; Yours sincerely,; Friendly yours,; Truly yours,; Yours truly,; Cordially yours,; Yours cordially,等。 7）信尾签名(signature)，即亲笔签上写信人自己的姓名。如果是用打字机或电脑写的信，在写信人签名的上方，同样应该打上写信人的姓名。 除以上七个部分外，有时一些英语书信还包括：（1）附件(Enclosure)，以Enc. 表示，如“附有。。。。。。证明”应写为Enc…Certificate；（2）再启(Postscript)，以P.S. 表示；（3）抄送件(Carbon Copy to…)，以c.c. 表示，说明一式多份抄送其他有关人员。这些都是次要的补充部分。P.S. 主要在私人信件中使用，事务信件中应避免使用，以免造成写信人粗心大意的印象。Enc.和c.c. 大都用在商贸信函中。
英文投诉信范文.
英文投诉信 【写法指要】 投诉信（letters of complaint）通常是写给厂家、商店、消费者协会、报界或厂家、商店的上级主管部门，揭发产品质量的低劣、服务态度的糟糕，抱怨不应出现的情况或问题等，以求得解决的信件。写投诉信要实事求是地把问题讲清楚，态度要冷静，做到有礼貌，不能恶言伤人。 这封信的作者用的是对比法，先写学校的地理位置和原先学校的优美环境，后写化工厂建起后对学校造成的污染，最后提请报界呼吁保护环境的问题。写得有理有据，令人信服。英文投诉信怎么写 投诉信结构公式 右上角：日期 左上角：称呼 正文： 第一段：表明自己的身份，说明写信目的，因何事投诉何人或机构。 第二段：具体阐述投诉的内容和投诉的理由。 第三段：提出解决建议并期望尽快解决，表示感谢。 右下角：署名 下面是一封日常投诉信的范例，请大家体会一下。 Dear Sir/Madam, Please send us a correction on part of our order WP-11. All the items we ordered arrived in excellent condition except for one model. It you refer to our original order (see the copy attached), you will note that we requested your fluorescent desk-lamps, Model 606. However, Model 608 reached us instead. For details, please see the inspection certificate issued by the Tianjin Commodity Inspection Bureau. Will you kindly take back those you sent out and substitute them with an equal quantity (120 items) of Model 606? We would appreciate your attention to this matter promptly. Yours faithfully 英文投诉信模板 Dear_______, I am ______ (自我介绍) .I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about_____. The reason for my dissatisfaction is _______(总体介绍). In the first place,_______(抱怨的第一个方面). In addition, ___________(抱怨的第二个方面). Under these circumstances, I find it ________ (感觉)_______(抱怨的方面给你带来的后果). I appreciate it very much if you could _______(提出建议和请求), preferably ______(进一步的要求),and I would like to have this matter settled by ____(设定解决事情最后期限). Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely Li Ming 英文投诉信格式
作文范文之英语考研小作文投诉信模拟题
作文范文之英语考研小作文投诉信模拟题
英语考研小作文投诉信模拟题 【篇一：考研英语投诉信模板】 一、信函写作：称呼、正文、落款 1、审题—-判断是个人书信事务公函 决定： 语域使用：正式：使用礼貌表达，不用缩略语(对公) 半正式：可以使用缩略和口语表达(对私) 非正式：(一般不考)——it depends 呼语：特定的写信对象：dear xx 不明确收信人：dear sir/madam, or to whom it may concern 2、正文 3、各种信函内容安排 2)投诉信 与投诉信比较：仍然以提建议为主，无需赞扬，直接表明写信目的—即提建议，最后无需感谢，只需表示期待改进。 a.基本结构 dear xx/to whom it may concern, 第一段：自我介绍，陈述事由，提出建议; 第二段：投诉细节(补救细节); 第三段：期待改进。 yours sincerely,
li ming b.投诉信框架 dear xx/to whom it may concern, i am xxx who…. i am writing to express my dissatisfaction/disappointment about…(投诉信). 具体事由. to improve the situation, it is advisable for you to take the following measures.to begin with,…细节一; moreover, …细节二。 we trust that you will now consider this matter seriously and make an effort to prevent the recurrence of this kind. yours sincerely, li ming 【篇二：考研英语小作文冲刺集训之投诉信】 考研英语小作文冲刺集训之投诉信 距离最后的考试只有近两个月的时间，最后的冲刺序幕正式拉开。英语复习到这个阶段，最重要的就是作文。要想在最后的考试成绩中脱颖而出，现阶段就必须要把精力放在分值占在30分的写作上。 考研英语中大作文的要求是内容切题、表达清楚、文字连贯、句式多变和语言规范。小作文考察点在信息点的覆盖、语言的准确性、文章组织的连贯性上。 其中小作文占10分，分为求职信、祝贺信、道歉信、询问信、推荐信、感谢信、邀请信、辞职信等等二十多种应用文。每个类别都有相对固定的语言模式，都有固定词语要求。投诉信是当人们对某机构的工作人员或其服务不满时，向有关机构的主管或监督人员所做出的书