英美文化学习心得
英美国家文化学习心得
XXX学院学号：XXX 姓名：XXX 我是一名来自物电学院的非英语专业的学生，之所以选修英美文化这门课，就是本着更好地学好外语的想法的。从初中到高中，一直以来，我就认为语言是文化的一部分，要想学好一门语言，最好先学习和了解与这门语言相关的文化背景，因为它能够体现出各地风俗的差异及社会历史的发展。
美国语言学家Edard Sapir 说：“语言不能脱离文化而存在，文化反映的是社会所想所做，而语言表达了社会的想法。”脱离了文化的语言是空洞而又无意义的，脱离了语言的文化是没有传承性的，因此，语言与文化是不可或缺的。从这个意义来说，学习一个国家的文化和学习这个国家的语言同等重要。
在外语学习中，缺乏必要的背景知识使会对篇章中某些词语特有的文化内涵体会不出来，这样，即使知道每个词的词典意义也是不可能正确理解篇章的内容。例如，“…a couple who happened to have been the First Family of the nation…” 这段话的字面含义是：一对有幸成为美国第一个家庭的夫妇。The first family means the Presi dent’s family in the US.但是，“the first family”的真正含义是美国总统之家，而不是美国历史上第一个家庭。如果对美国惯用语有所了解，那么就不难理解这个句子的真正含义。另外，中西方文化存在着巨大的差异, 例如：中国人喜欢关心他人的工作收入、家庭生活、社会交往等情况。而西方人则因为崇尚个人主义, 将自己的收入、家庭、婚姻、年龄等情况视为隐私，而不愿他人了解此类信息。同时，西方人比较自我，经常以自我为中心。深入了解这些中西方文化差异，学生能够更好的理解文章内容，弄懂作者的意图，进而提高阅读能力。因此，掌握好文化知识有助于促进语言的学习。
例如：一张试卷，在做听力题时，判断一个人的听力, 实际上是对一个人的英语水平、知识面、分析及联想能力的综合检验, 即使材料中有些生词, 也能根据上下文猜测出它们的意思。但是遇到一些我们不熟悉的材料或与英美文化背景知识有关的材料时, 听起来就感到难得多。尽管有的材料比较简单, 也听懂了字面意思, 但由于缺乏文化背景知识而不能理解其中的真正含义。例如: 这是美国人常讲的两个笑话:（1）A: Where are you from? B:I’ll ask her. ( Alaska) A: Why do you askher? （2) A: Where are you f rom? B: How are you. ( Hawaii) 。这两个笑话中, 在A 看来B 是答非所问, 但如果A 了解美国的地理概况, 知道美国有两个远离大陆的洲: 阿拉斯加( Alaska) 和夏威夷( Hawaii) , 那么就不会闹出把Alaska 听成I’ll ask her. 把Hawaii 听成“ How are you？”的笑话了。同样，在做翻译题时，即使是一些简单的词语，也不可不顾具体的语言习惯、语言环境和语言习俗，而随意处理。拿dog 一词为例。Dog 是个十分简单的词,但由于中英文化的差异, 弄不好就会出现错误。“狗”一词在中国人看来总是贬义的, 如我们常用“癞皮狗”、“丧家犬”、“走狗”、“狗头军师”等等来描绘我们所厌恶的人。但在英美国家, 人们对狗的看法和我们截然不同, dog在英语中,特别是在谚语中往往含有褒情善意。如果我们把dog 一词一律译成汉语的“狗”字或把汉语的“狗”字按字面意思译成英语的dog,就可能会曲解原意,闹出笑话。例如:（1）Every dog has his day;(2)You ,indeed,a lucky dog;(3)Last night my father came dog tired.如果初学者不了解中西方文化的差异，往往会想当然地把它们分别译为:（1）每条狗都有自己的节日;（2）你真是一条幸运的狗;（3）昨晚我爸爸回到家中像狗样累。而正确的翻译是（1）人人皆有得意时;（2）你这是个幸运儿;（3)昨晚我父亲回到家中非常累。
其实，在英语课外活动中，也渗透了英美文化。如，看英美电影，听英美歌曲等。从Ghost 《人鬼情未了》的真挚爱情中留下了我感动的泪水，从Top Gun《壮志凌云》的青春豪情中
让我激动不已，从Schindler’s List《辛德勒名单》的生命尊严中感受到了人生真谛……而影片中丰富优美的语言不仅让我更全面的了解英美国家的政治﹑经济﹑社会﹑文化，而且增长了见识，开阔了视野，有助于全方位地提高听力﹑口语﹑阅读能力，扩大词汇量，提高词汇的运用能力。听学英美歌曲也是渗透英美文化的途径之一，许多经典之作,都反映了不同时代的政治、经济、文化、社会人文背景。
“语言是文化的载体，文化是语言的航母。”文化包括大到文学、艺术、音乐、建筑、哲学、历史、科技等领域,小到诸如民族传统、风俗习惯等人们日常生活的方方面面; 而语言则是人类先天的说话能力通过后天的社会语言环境触发而习得的一套知识系统。语言是最好的承载文化信息、反映社会文化生活的工具。语言和文化互相依存、并行发展。没有文化就没有语言;没有语言,文化也无从谈起。每一种语言都与一种特定的文化相对应。英语自然也不例外。事实上,我们所讲的大部分文章都是从英美原文摘取下来的,其作者在写作时假定读者与他们本人属于同种文化背景的。
学习语言不是一个孤立的学习过程。任何一种语言都是在一定言语使用区域中的人在一定的语境下通过口语或书面语形式相互交际而使用的。因此在英语教学中,我们不仅要讲授语言知识,训练语言运用能力, 而且还要加强有关的文化背景知识的传授和渗透。若不这样做,学生就会在语言交际中受挫。比如,有的学生去外教住所不提前预约,这不符合英美人交流的习惯。在英美,走亲访友、学生找老师、病人找医生、出差找旅店、甚至理发、裁衣服等等都要预约,在取得对方同意后才去, 而不做不速之客。再如, 对英美人来说,干涉他人的私事会被视作没有知识、缺乏教养。一般来讲,在与英美人的普通交往中应尽量避免我们所习惯的唠家常,如不宜问人家的年龄、身高、体重、工资、家庭、婚姻状况等,因为这些都被看成是个人隐私。此外,有些学生常爱给外教提一些意见,例如一个学生说过:“You’d better put on more clothes and don’t go out too much, for it is going to be very cold in Shanghai these days.”这显然是中国人的一种关心方式,但却会使老外反感,他会认为“应该做……”、“最好做……”和“不要做……”这样的祈使语气有教训人的味道,何况穿多穿少和外出多少次属于私事,用不着别人操心。
同时,英语中还有许多固定的表达方式是不能随意改变的。如:“How do you do? ”回答也是“How do you do? ”买了东西问价钱时可以说“How much, please? ”不说:“How much do you change me?”吃完饭付钱时说：“Waiter, bill please.”不说：“Excuse me, sir.We’ve finished eating. How much is it please?”打电话问对方是谁,要说“Who is speaking, please?”, “Who is it please?”不说“Who are you?”( 你是谁?),“Where are you?”( 你在哪儿? ) ,“What’s your surname?”(你贵姓? )英语中委婉语很多,以至于有时很难听出对方真实心情因而回答时应特别注意。如问“How do you like the film?”对方回答“I think its very interesting.”这往往表示对方不怎么喜欢而不是字面意思很有趣又如“What do you thin k of my new coat?”对方回答“I think the pocket is very nice. ”表示对方不太喜欢。英美人一般不当面说不好,所以尽量只说好的否则就说不知道或不了解。如“Do you like our teacher?”可以回答“Well, I don’t k now him very wel l.”有时出于礼貌遇到不熟悉的人时可以不言真情,例如A问B“How are you?”尽管B患了重感冒但还是回答“Fine, thank you.”一般不说“Not very well. I’m afraid.”之类的话。
语言是文化的一部分,是文化的载体，而文化要靠语言传播和继承。学习外语的过程其实也就是学习这门语言文化的过程。只有了解了语言文化，对语言的认识才能更加准确，对语言的运用也会更加灵活。在大学外语学习过程中，教师应当让学生了解到文化知识的重要性及必要性，并结合多样的教学方法将语言与文化知识结合起来，使得我们的学生今后能够更加自如地、准确地运用这门国际语言。
最后，我想和老师说声“Thank you!”。虽然这门课已经结束，但您教我的一些做人的道理将会使我终生受益。
英美文化考题翻译
UK Unit 1 The COUNTRY 1. Read the following statements carefully and then decide whether they are true or false. Put a “T” if you think the statement is true and an “F” if it is not. United Kingdom and Northern Island is located in northern Europe. ( F )英国和北爱尔兰坐落在北欧。 （注：北爱尔兰是英国的一部分，而英国位于西欧，即Western Europe，是一个岛国） 2.The United Kingdom consists of four political divisions ------ England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. ( F ) 英国包含四个政治分区，分别是英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士和爱尔兰。 （注：爱尔兰是西欧的一个国家，此处应为“北爱尔兰”即Norther Island，这才是英国的一个地区。） 3.England is one of the two large islands in the British Isles. ( F ) 英格兰是不列颠群岛上的两个大岛屿之一。 （注：不列颠群岛包括大不列颠岛、爱尔兰岛、马恩岛及附近的5 500多个小岛； 英国全称为大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，有大不列颠岛上的英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士和爱尔兰岛上的北爱尔兰组成。大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛才是不列颠群岛上的两个大岛屿，英格兰是大不列颠岛上的岛屿之一。） 4.The British Isles are made up of three large islands and hundreds of small ones. ( F )不列颠群岛由三个大岛屿和许多小岛屿组成。 （注：由两个大岛屿和其他小岛组成，大岛屿为大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛） 5.Wales lies on the east coast of the island of Great Britain. ( F ) 威尔士坐落在大不列颠岛的东海岸。
英美文化概况试题5
山东经济学院2010--2011学年第 1学期期末试题 英美文化概况（110126）试卷（5） 注意事项：所有的答案都必须写在答题纸上，答在试卷上一律无效 Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 1. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. 2. The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects. 3. In Britain, Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. 4. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreign policy. 5. The origin of Bowling lies in the victory celebration ceremony by the ancient warriors. 6. Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be a candidate for public office. 7. The Clinton Administration made national security, economic prosperity and promotion of democracy the three pillars of the American foreign policy. 8.It takes at least fours years to get a bachelor’s degree from an institution of higher learning in the US. 9. In Britain, Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. 10. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges, and all such court appointments are subject to confirmation by the House of Representatives. 11.The main duty of the Congress is to make laws, including those which levy taxes that pay for the work of the federal government. 12.Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called “Gaelic” 13. When George W. Bush became President, his foreign policy has two prominent elements: isolationism and faith in military strength. 14. Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials. 15. There are about 60 members of the Commonwealth. 16. The state of Pennsylvania used to be inhabited by the Quakers. - 1 - （共页）
初中英语英美文化中英美文化常识素材【word版】.doc
About American 1.What is the full name of America? The United States of America 2 How many states are there in the United States? Fifty states 3 What is the capital of the USA Washington D.C. 4 Where is the Stature of Liberty? In New York 5 Where does the American president live ? In the white house About Britain 1 What does UK stand for ? The United Kingdom 2 What us the full name of the UK? The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 3What are the four parts of the UK? England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. 4In which continent is the UK situated? In Europe. 5 By which channel is the UK separated The English Channel About China 1.How many ethnic groups are there in China? 56 2.In which continent is China located In Asia 3. what are the four great inventions in ancient China? Paper-making, printing, gunpowder, and the compass 4. What is the largest island in China? Taiwan Island 5. When was the people’s Republic of China founded?
英美文化口语考试话题
Chapter One: Understanding the Culture of the United States 1. Who established the dominant American culture? Immigrants, most immigrants were from northern Europe, and the majority were from England. Their values and traditions became the dominant, traditional culture of the United States. Chapter Two: Traditional American Values and Beliefs 2. What are the six traditional American values and beliefs? Individual freedom and self-reliance，equality of opportunity and competition，material wealth and hard work。 Chapter Three: The American Religious Heritage 3. What is the most important heritage of Protestantism in the United States? Self-improvement（p54）。Material success，hard work。Self-discipline。Volunteerism and humanitarianism（人道主义） Chapter Three: The American Religious Heritage 4. What is the “Protestant work ethic” according to our textbook? The belief in hard work and self-discipline in pursuit of material gain and other goals is often referred to as …the Protestant work ethic?.(p55 13) Chapter Four: The Frontier Heritage 5. What does "frontier" refer to in American history? American macho heroes. Inventiveness and the can-do spirit. Chapter Four: The Frontier Heritage 6. What are the two new values derived from the American frontier? Inventiveness and the can-do spirit. (p77) Chapter Four: The Frontier Heritage 7. Why did the sale of guns rise after 9/11? How Americans reacted to 911 reveals another legacy of the frontier: Americans? willingness to take the law into their own hands to protect themselves and their families. This tendency usually appears when Americans believe the police cannot adequately protect them.
大学英语学习心得体会
在大学，英语学习是必然的，虽然英语成绩不是太理想，但是从几年的学习过程中也领会了一些怎样应用策略的方法，如何学习才能更家对英语有兴趣。高中是打好英语基础的关键时期，也为大学的进一步提高打下了良好的基础，不论是为高考还是为以后的英语学习，高中英语知识都是不可忽略的。从高考的要求来看，高中英语主要撑握基础知识及需做些中度题。语音知识需多看多记多练，没什么捷径，最多是些单词记忆法，及提高自己学习效率的有效时间安排。在语法上，要结合知识点多做专项题。在阅读理解上，除每天保证两到三篇的练习外，要增加自己的课外阅读量，目的是培养英语语感；书面表达以一些范文为例进行持续练习。听力最好每天坚持听20-30分钟，另外练习口语也是提高听力的最好办法。最终学好英语一定要多下功夫。 应做到“四勤”与“四多”，具体说来，有以下几点： 一、“四勤” 1.勤背诵 积极记忆高中课本中出现的生词及词组，理解其用法，并适当运用一些正、反义词对比，相似词对比等方式加强记忆。这一步虽然枯燥乏味，但少了它，学习英语就像折了翅膀的鹰，空有雄心却寸步难行。 2.勤朗读 这是学好英语的法宝之一。朗读的内容一般说来只限于课本，并不以背 诵为目的，而着重将注意力集中于自己的正确发音、连续语气等等。通过朗读可以熟悉单词及其用法，体会英语的语气、语境，增强语感。每天只需半小时左右，但须持之以恒。 3.勤练习 虽然“题海”战术不足取，但适当做一些练习，尤其是针对自己不足之处的练习是必不可少的，比如完形填空这种难度较大、考查综合能力的题型，平时就应多做一些。每次做完后，认认真真地重新对照答案细细抠一遍，体会这些正确选项究竟合理在什么地方，出题者的意图又是在考查哪些知识点等等。只有在不断的练习、体会中，英语水平及应试能力才会不断提高。 4.勤总结 相对于其它学科来说，英语的知识点相当零碎，一定要在平时的收集、整理、总结上下功夫。平时听老师提到或是在参考书上看到的一些零碎的小知识都要及时记录下来，以备以后复习时用。 二、“四多” 1.多看 近年来英语试题的难度逐渐增大，试题的触角涉及到日常生活的各个领域，因此，从高一开始就应尽可能地扩大阅读面，广泛阅读，以求开阔视野，并在潜移默化中提高自己的英文水平。 2.多听 近年的中、高考已逐步加入听力试题。其实，多听并不仅仅是为了应试，更重要的一点就是在听的过程中可以逐步增强语感。培养敏锐的语感将有助于增强辨析力和判断力，是英语学习过程中十分重要的一环。 3.多说 多说可以增强口语能力，加深记忆，使学过的知识清晰地映在脑海里，不容易被忘记。 4.多练 通过做大量的习题，可以增强实践经验，不至于临阵发慌，手足无措。而且，熟能生巧，做题也能做出规律，做出语感来。 当然，学习一门语言本身也有其自身的规律，所谓“四勤”、“四多”也只不过是一种加
英美文化在英语教学中的应用
英美文化在英语教学中的应用 摘要：随着全球化趋势的加剧，越来越要求我们克服文化差异，顺利实现跨文 化交际，新的《英语课程标准》和近几年的高考试题也明显体现了这方面的要求。如何在日常的高中英语教学中渗透文化教学已成为每位高中英语教师必须解决的 课题。本文结合高中英语教学实际，对此进行了有益的探讨，具有较强的可操作性。 关键词：文化交流；英语教学；文化意识 在英语教学中渗透文化教育是基础教育阶段英语课程的重要任务之一。基础教育阶段， 英语课程使用的教材是学生学习和教师教学的重要内容和手段。这套教材将中国文化与英美 文化交织在一起，因此，在教学中要充分发掘教材，渗透文化教育，使语言技能的教学和文 化意识的培养同步进行，使学生在学习英语的过程中了解英语国家的文化，发展跨文化交际 的意识和能力。 一、高中英语教学中渗透文化教学的必要性 众所周知，21世纪是全球化的时代，精神和物质产品的加速流通，将世界各个民族纳入 到一个共同的“地球村”中，国际间的政治、经济和文化交往越来越频繁，已经成为各民族生 活中不可或缺的部分。然而，国际交往的顺利实现，除了要求我们具备基本的听、说、读、 写这些外语技能，还要求我们必须要对渗透在外语中的外国文化有较深入的了解。文化差异 是跨文化交际的障碍，克服文化差异造成的交际障碍已经成为整个世界共同面临的问题。作 为当前英语课程改革实践中的一线教师，要想让今天的受教育者在将来能够顺利完成其交际 活动，就必须增强文化思维的观念，将语言教学和文化渗透有机结合起来，否则就必然造成 日后交际上的重大失误。 在高中英语教学中导入文化背景知识、培养学生的跨文化交际能力、培养学生文化意识、增强对文化差异的敏感性和鉴赏能力，已成为现代英语教学的重要目的之一。教育部颁布的《英语课程标准》已把“提高对中外文化异同的敏感性和鉴别能力，进而提高跨文化交际能力”列入高中英语课程的内容和目标之中。《英语课程标准》指出，文化主要指英语国家的历史、地理、风土人情、传统习俗、生活方式、文学艺术、行为规范和价值观念等。所以教师要在 课内外着重上述文化内容的渗透。《英语课程标准》也列出了在高中英语学习阶段要达到的七、八级目标，其中七级为必须达到的目标。以下是七级目标描述：1.理解英语中的常用成 语和俗语极其文化内涵；2.理解英语交际中的常用典故和传说；3.了解英语国家主要的文学家、艺术家、科学家、政治家的成就、贡献等。4.初步了解主要英语国家的政治和经济等方 面的情况；5.了解英语国家中主要大众传播媒体的情况；6.了解主要英语国家人们与中国人 生活方式的异同；7.了解英语国家人们在行为举止和待人接物等方面与中国人的异同；8.了 解英语国家的主要宗教传统；9.通过学习英语了解世界文化，培养世界意识；10.通过中外文 化对比加深对中国文化的理解。 与此相适应，近年的高考英语试题更是在文化背景知识和语言运用实践性方面有了明显 的延伸和拓展。试题内容更贴近生活，反映着当前社会包括国际社会的各种新问题和新内容。同时，在语言运用方面提出了更高的要求，在获取信息方面要求阅读原汁原味的英文，这里 就既有语言是否地道、标准的问题，也有关于文化氛围和背景的问题。高考命题的走势说明 了一个简单的事实，即学习英语不可能仅仅学习语言，它必须与学习文化同步进行。 二、英美文化对高中教学的作用 学习英语不能不注意中国和西方的差异文化，否则会引起不必要的误会。在英语教学中，可以常常发现毫元恶意的语言会使对方惊讶或愤怒，简单的一句话会使一方捧腹大笑，而另 一方则全然不知其幽默所在。如果了解了这些不同的英美文化背景，就不会产生这些误会了。 英美文化除了对口语教学及交际至关重要外，对英语教学中的其他内容，如听力、阅读 及翻译写作也有影响。在英语听力教学中，常常发现学生在听力训练上花费的工夫不少，但 成果却不如人意。其中一个重要原因就是对英美文化了解太少。如与英美文化有关的材料， 即使内容简单，有时也只是听明白了字面意思不能了解真正的内涵。 英美文化在英语阅斗中也起着重要的作用。如果不了解英美文化背景，在英语学习中同
英美文化概况简答论述整理
英美文化概况简答论述 简答： 1.The Functions of Parliament ① First and foremost, it passes laws. ②provides the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation. ③scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day. ④There are no legal restraints upon Parliament. However, it does not assert its supremacy, but bears the common law in mind and acts according to precedent. Strictly speaking, the Parliament today consists of the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. 2.George Washington George Washington was one of the founding fathers of the American Republic. He was the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army in the War of Independence against the British colonial rule and the first President of the United States. 3.The Open University The Open University ―founded in the 1960’s for people who might not get the opportunity for higher educarion for economic and social reasons.It’s open to everybody and doesn’t demand the same formal educational qualifications as the other universities. Universities courses are following through TV, correspondence,videos and a net work of study centers. Ath the end of their studies at the Open University, successful students are awarded a university degree. Universities in the UK. 4.The strategy of Preemption In an address delivered to the West Point graduates, President Bush, for the first time, put forward the strategy of preemption（先发制人）, which is formalized in the National Security Strategy issued in Sept. 2002. By preemption, the US means that when it determines that a country which is repressive and hostile to the US has acquired or produced weapons of mass destruction（大规模杀伤性武器）or has the potential to possess such weapons, the US should use force to remove this threat to US security and should not wait till the danger becomes imminent or until the Us is attacked. This is known as Bush Doctrine. 5. Comprehensive schools Comprehensive schools are the most popular secondary schools in Britain today. Such schools admit children without reference to their academic abilities and provide a general education. Pupils can study everything from academic subjects like literature to more practical subjects like cooking. 6. The Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791. The Bill of Rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on.
英美文化概论整理
英国： 1、The official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 2、The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain(the larger one)and Ireland,and hundreds of small ones. 3、（UK）capital:London 4、There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England,Scotland,and Wales.England is the largest,most populous and richest. 5、The British Empire（大英帝国）:one fourth of the world’s people and one fourth of the world’s land area.The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in1931.The Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. 6、The United Kingdom is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.The English Channel lies between Britain and France. 7、The highest mountain in Britain is Ben Nevis（本尼维斯山）,1,343m in Scotland.The longest river is the Severn River（塞文河）（338km）;the second largest and most important river is the Thames River（336km）. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh（内伊湖）in Northern Ireland. 8、The English are Anglo-Saxons（盎格鲁撒克逊人）,but the Scots,
英语口语学习心得体会
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《英美文化概况》
《英美文化概况》(13) 中国石油大学（北京）2013--2014学年第一学期 《英美文化概况》期末考试试卷A（闭卷考试） 班级：________ 姓名： _______ 学号： ______ Part I Tell whether each of the following statements is true or false. （20 分） 1._________ The best-k nown En glish lege nd, King Arthur, derives from the Anglo- Saxons ' time. 2._________ English drama flourished during Elizabeth I era. 3._________ After World War II, the British economy became the 2nd largest power in the world. 4._________ America was named after the great discoverer Amerigo Vespucci.
5._________ Britain is situated in Western Europe. 6._________ The Lake District is closely related with English literature in the 19 th century. 7._________ The Iongest river in North America is the Missouri River. 8._________ Com mon laws are laws which have bee n established through common practice in the courts. 9.________ The "Bill of Rights" was added to the Constitution in 1791. 10.________ Most heavily populated districts have more senators than the small states. 11._______ The United States has two major political parties: the Democratic Party and the Conservative Party. 12.________ Tolerance and respect for others are central to the way of life in the U.K. 13.________ The Protestant Church and the Catholic Church are two major groups in Christianity. 14.________ The second largest religious group in the U.K. is Buddhism. 15. _______ The University of Oxford is the second oldest university in the English-speaking world. 16. _______ Easter Day is to celebrate Christ 's resurrection from the dead.
英语专业英美文化概况之新西兰NEW ZEALAND
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研究生课程——英美文化(重点)
●Introduction to the United Kingdom 1、全称The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2、组成England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland 3、The Union Flag：The Union Jack，is a combination (union) of the flags of St George, St Andrew and St Patrick. 4、Bordered by four seas： to the south by the English Channel to the east by the North Sea to the west by the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean 5、The Prime Meridian本初子午线、Greenwich 6、England---London、Scotland---Edinburgh、Wales---Cardiff、Northern Ireland---Belfast ●Education 1、The purpose of education： to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of society to socialize children 2、divided into six terms: 9-10、10-12、1-2、2- 3、4-5、6-7 3、The main school holidays are: ＊Christmas- 2 weeks ＊Easter - 2 weeks ＊Summer - 6 weeks There are also one-week holidays: ＊end of October ＊mid February ＊end of May 4、state schools: private schools:public schools=independent schools 5、age 16: GCSE exams (General Certificate of Secondary Education)中学毕业证书 ①quit school and find a job ②prepare to sit exams for university entrance :A-levels (General Certificate of Education-Advanced)高级水平测试结业证书 ③concentrate on vocational training:GNVQs (General National V ocational Qualifications)国家专业资格证书 6、O-level(Ordinary-level) 7、Oxford and Cambridge--Oxbridge (the oldest) 8、In Scotland:St. Andrew (1411) Glasgow (1450) Aberdeen (1494) Edinburgh (1538) 9、Bachelor(学士) 10、departments:chief (professor),Professors, Readers/Senior Lecturers, Lecturers ●British Media 1、TV、radio、Newspaper 2、Quality paper、Tabloids 3、The Observer 《观察家报》the world's oldest national newspaper 4、The Times 《泰晤士报》the UK's oldest daily newspaper 5、The Guardian《卫报》 a national daily newspaper which is radical 激进的in politics and interested in society and social problems. quite soft on crime and quite feminist and shows great