201712月大学英语四级真题与答案解析第二套

2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套)

Part I

Writing

(30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have twooptions upon graduation: one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to agraduate school. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain thereasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180words.

Part Ⅲ

Reading Comprehension

(40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once.

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

The ocean is heating up. That's the conclusion of a new study that finds that Earth's oceans now26heat at twice the rate they did 18 years ago. Around half of ocean heat intake since 1865 hastaken place since 1997, researchers report online in Nature Climate Change.

Warming waters are known to27 to coral bleaching (珊瑚白化) and they take up more spacethan cooler waters, raising sea28While the top of the ocean is well studied, its depths are moredifficult to 29The researchers gathered 150 years of ocean temperature data in order to get abetter30 of heat absorption from surface to seabed. They gathered together temperature readingscollected by everything from a 19th century31 of British naval ships to modem automated oceanprobes. The extensive data sources,32 with computer simulations ( 计算机模拟), created atimeline of ocean temperature changes, including cooling from volcanic outbreaks and warming fromfossil fuel33

About 35 percent of the heat taken in by the oceans during the industrial era now resides at a34 of more than 700 meters, the researchers found. They say they're35whether the deep-seawarming canceled out warming at the sea's surface.

A. absorb

B. Combined

C. Contribute

D. depth

E. emissions

F. excursion

G. explore

H. floor

I. heights

J. indifferent

K. levels

L. mixed

M. picture

N. unsure

O. voyage

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

The Secret to Raising Smart Kids

A) I first began to investigate the basis of human motivation--and how people persevere aftersetbacks--as a psychology graduate student at Yale University in the 1960s. Animal experiments bypsychologists at the University of Pennsylvania had shown that after repeated failures, most animalsconclude that a situation is hopeless and beyond their control. After such an experience an animaloften remains passive even when it can effect change--a state they called learned helplessness.

B) People can learn to be helpless, too. Why do some students give up when they encounter difficulty,whereas others who are no more skilled continue to strive and learn? One answer, I soondiscovered, lay in people's beliefs about why they had failed.

C) In particular, attributing poor performance to a lack of ability depresses motivation more than doesthe belief that lack of effort is to blame. When I told a group of school children who displayedhelpless behavior that a lack of effort led to their mistakes in math, they learned to keep tryingwhen the problems got tough. Another group of helpless children who were simply rewarded fortheir success on easier problems did not improve their ability to solve hard math problems. Theseexperiments indicated that a focus on effort can help resolve helplessness and generate success.

D) Later, I developed a broader theory of what separates the two general classes of learners--helplessversus mastery-oriented. I realized these different types of students not only explain their failuresdifferently, but they also hold different "theories" of intelligence.The helpless ones believeintelligence is a fixed characteristic: you have only a certain amount, and that's that. I call this a"fixed mind-set (思维模式). "

Mistakes crack their self-confidence because they attribute errors toa lack of ability, which they feel powerless to change. They avoid challenges because challengesmake mistakes more likely. The mastery-oriented children, on the other hand, think intelligence isnot fixed and can be developed through education and hard work. Such children believe challengesare energizing rather than intimidating (令人生畏); they offer opportunities to learn. Studentswith such a growth mind-set were destined (注定) for greater academic success and were quitelikely to outperform their counterparts.

E) We validated these expectations in a study in which two other psychologists and I monitored 373students for two years during the transition to junior high school, when the work gets more difficultand the grading more strict, to determine how their mind-sets might affect their math grades. At thebeginning of seventh grade, we assessed the students' mind-sets by asking them to agree or disagreewith statements such as "Your intelligence is something very basic about you that you can't reallychange. " We then assessed their beliefs about other aspects of learning and looked to see whathappened to their grades.

F) As predicted, the students with a growth mind-set felt that learning was a more important goal thangetting good grades. In addition, they held hard work in high regard. They understood that evengeniuses have to work hard. Confronted by a setback such as a disappointing test grade, studentswith a growth mind-set said they would study harder or try a different strategy. The students whoheld a fixed mind-set, however, were concerned about looking smart with less regard for learning.They had negative views of effort, believing that having to work hard was a sign of low ability.They thought that a person with talent or intelligence did not need to work hard to do well.Attributing a bad grade to their own lack of ability, those with a fixed mind-set said that they wouldstudy less in the future, try never to take that subject again and consider cheating on future tests.

G) Such different outlooks had a dramatic impact on performance. At the start of junior high, the mathachievement test scores of the students with a growth mind-set were comparable to those ofstudents who displayed a fixed mind-set. But as the work became more difficult, the students witha growth mind-set showed greater persistence. As a result, their math grades overtook those of theother students by the end of the first semester--and the gap between the two groups continued towiden during the two years we followed them.

H) A fixed mind-set can also hinder communication and progress in the workplace and discourage orignore constructive criticism and advice. Research shows that managers who have a fixed mind-setare less likely to seek or welcome feedback from their employees than are managers with a growthmind-set.

I) How do we transmit a growth mind-set to our children? One way is by telling stories aboutachievements that result from hard work. For instance, talking about mathematical geniuses whowere more or less born that way puts students in a fixed mind-set, but descriptions of greatmathematicians who fell in love with math and developed amazing skills produce a growth mind-set.

J) In addition, parents and teachers can help children by providing explicit instruction regarding themind as a learning machine. I designed an eight-session workshop for 91 students whose mathgrades were declining in their first year of junior high.Forty-eight of the students receivedinstruction in study skills only, whereas the others attended a combination of study skills sessionsand classes in which they learned about the growth mind-set and how to apply it to schoolwork. Inthe growth mind-set classes, students read and discussed an article entitled "You Can Grow YourBrain. " They were taught that the brain is like a muscle that gets stronger with use and thatlearning prompts the brain to grow new connections. From such instruction, many students beganto see themselves as agents of their own brain development. Despite being unaware that there weretwo types of instruction, teachers reported significant motivational changes in 27% of the childrenin the growth mind-set workshop as compared with only 9% of students in the control group.

K) Research is converging (汇聚) on the conclusion that great accomplishment and even genius istypically the result of years of passion and dedication and not something that flows naturally from agift. 36. The author's experiment shows that students with a fixed mind-set believe having to work hard is an indication of low ability.

37. Focusing on effort is effective in helping children overcome frustration and achieve success.

38. We can cultivate a growth mind-set in children by telling success stories that emphasize hard work and love of learning.

39. Students' belief about the cause of their failure explains their attitude toward setbacks.

40. In the author's experiment, students with a growth mind-set showed greater perseverance in solving difficult math problems.

41. The author conducted an experiment to find out about the influence of students' mind-sets on math learning.

42. After failing again and again, most animals give up hope.

43. Informing students about the brain as a learning machine is a good strategy to enhance their motivation for learning.

44. People with a fixed mind-set believe that one's intelligence is unchangeable.

45. In the workplace, feedback may not be so welcome to managers with a fixed mind-set.

Section C

Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. AndD . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

"Sugar, alcohol and tobacco," economist Adam Smith once wrote," are commodities which arenowhere necessaries of life, which have become objects of almost universal consumption, and whichare, therefore, extremely popular subjects of taxation. "

Two and a haft centuries on, most countries impose some sort of tax on alcohol and tobacco. Withsurging obesity levels putting increasing strain on public health systems, governments around the worldhave begun to toy with the idea of taxing sugar as well.

Whether such taxes work is a matter of debate. A preliminary review of Mexico's taxation found afall in purchases of taxed drinks as well as a rise in sales of untaxed and healthier drinks. By contrast,a Danish tax on foods high in fats was abandoned a year after its introduction, amid claims thatconsumers were avoiding it by crossing the border to Germany to satisfy their desire for cheaper, fattierfare.

The food industry has, in general, been firmly opposed to such direct government action.Nonetheless, the renewed focus on waistlines means that industry groups are under pressure todemonstrate their products are healthy as well as tasty.

Over the past three decades, the industry has made some efforts to improve the quality of itsofferings. For example, some drink manufacturers have cut the amount of sugar in their beverages.

Many of the reductions over the past 30 years have been achieved either by reducing the amount ofsugar, salt or fat in a product, or by finding an alternative ingredient. More recently, however, somecompanies have been investing money in a more ambitious undertaking: learning how to adjust thefundamental make-up of the food they sell. For example, having salt on the outside, but none on theinside, reduces the salt content without changing the taste.

While reformulating recipes ( 配方) is one way to improve public health, it should be part of amulti-sided approach. The key is to remember that there is not just one solution. To deal with obesity,a mixture of approaches--including reformulation, taxation and adjusting portion sizes--will beneeded. There is no silver bullet.

46. What did Adam Smith say about sugar, alcohol and .tobacco?

A. They were profitable to manufacture.

B. They were in ever-increasing demand.

C. They were subject to taxation almost everywhere.

D. They were no longer considered necessities of life.

47. Why have many countries started to consider taxing sugar?

A. They are under growing pressure to balance their national budgets.

B. They find it ever harder to cope with sugar-induced health problems.

C. The practice of taxing alcohol and tobacco has proved both popular and profitable.

D. The sugar industry is overtaking alcohol and tobacco business in generating profits.

48. What do we learn about Danish taxation on fat-rich foods?

A. It did not work out as well as was expected.

B. It gave rise to a lot of problems on the border.

C. It could not succeed without German cooperation.

D. It met with firm opposition from the food industry.

49. What is the more recent effort by food companies to make foods and drinks both healthy and tasty?

A. Replacing sugar or salt with alternative ingredients.

B. Setting a limit on the amount of sugar or salt in their products.

C. Investing in research to find ways to adapt to consumers' needs.

D. Adjusting the physical composition of their products.

50. What does the author mean by saying, at the end of the passage, "There is no silver bullet" ( Line 4, Para.7)?

A. There is no single easy quick solution to the problem.

B. There is no hope of success without public cooperation.

C. There is no hurry in finding ways to solve the obesity problem.

D. There is no effective way to reduce people's sugar consumption.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

You may have heard some of the fashion industry horror stories: models eating tissues or cottonballs to hold off hunger, and models collapsing from hunger-induced heart attacks just seconds afterthey step off the runway.

Excessively skinny models have been a point of controversy for decades, and two researchers saya model's body mass should be a workplace health and safety issue. In an editorial released Monday inthe American Journal of Public Health, Katherine Record and Bryn Austin made their case forgovernment regulation of the fashion industry.

The average international runway model has a body mass index (BMI) under 16--low enough toindicate starvation by the World Health Organization's standard. And Record and Austin are worried notjust about the models themselves, but about the vast number of girls and women their images influence.

"Especially girls and teens," says Record. "Seventy percent of girls aged 10 to 18 report that theydefine perfect body image based on what they see in magazines. " That's especially worrying, she says,given that anorexia

(厌食症) results in more deaths than does any other mental illness, according tothe National Institute of Mental Health.

It's commonly known that certain diseases are linked with occupations like lung disease in coalminers. Professional fashion models are particularly vulnerable to eating disorders resulting fromoccupational demands to maintain extreme thinness.

Record's suggestion is to prohibit agents from hiring models with a BMI below 18.

In April, France passed a law setting lower limits for a model's weight. Agents and fashion houseswho hire models with a BMI under 18 could pay $ 82,000 in fines and spend up to 6 months in jail.Regulating the fashion industry in the United States won't be easy, Record says. But with the new rulesin France, U.S. support could make a difference. "A designer can't survive without participating inParis Fashion Week", she says, adding," Our argument is that the same would be true of New YorkFashion Week. "

51. What do Record and Austin say about fashion models' body mass?

A. It has caused needless controversy.

B. It is but a matter of personal taste.

C. It is the focus of the modeling business.

D. It affects models' health and safety.

52. What are Record and Austin advocating in the Monday editorial?

A. A change in the public's view of female beauty.

B. Government legislation about models' weight.

C. Elimination of forced weight loss by models.

D. Prohibition of models eating non-food stuff.

53. Why are Record and Austin especially worried about the low body mass index of models?

A. It contributes to many mental illnesses.

B. It defines the future of the fashion industry.

C. It has great influence on numerous girls and women.

D. It keeps many otherwise qualified women off the runway.

54. What do we learn about France's fashion industry?

A. It has difficulty hiring models.

B. It has now a new law to follow.

C. It allows girls under 18 on the runway.

D. It has overtaken that of the United States.

55. What does Record expect of New York Fashion Week?

A. It will create a completely new set of rules.

B. It will do better than Paris Fashion Week.

C. It will differ from Paris Fashion Week.

D. It will have models with a higher BMI.

Part Ⅳ

Translation

( 30 minutes )

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

在中国文化中，黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色，因为它具有独特的象征意义。在圭蝗(feudal)社会中，它象征统治者的权力和权威。那时，黄色是专为皇帝使用的颜色，皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色，皇袍总是黄色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的。在中国，黄色也是收获的象征。秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄。人们兴高采烈，庆祝丰收。

2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解

(第2套)

Part IWriting

范文点评

高分范文

Going to Graduate School Is a Better Choice

①If given two options after graduation, that is, totake a job in a company or to go to a graduate school, I'dprefer the latter.

② First and foremost, it is widely acknowledged thata higher level of education means better payments and moreopportunities in the future in China. ③ Therefore, I thinkanother two or three years' investment in graduate educationmust be worthwhile in the long run. ④ Secondly, I lovemy major and have a strong desire to further my study soas to deeply explore some academic issues in this field.⑤Finally, the job market for undergraduate students is toocompetitive for average students like me to find asatisfying job.⑥ Thus, it would be a better choice if Icould obtain

a master's degree.

⑦ Considering the three reasons listed above, I wouldchoose to go to

a graduate school after graduation to earn abetter future.

作文全文翻译

Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

News Report one

Part ⅢReading Comprehension

Section A

阅读全文翻译

选项归类

名词：

D.depth深度，深厚；

E.emissions排放；

F.excursion远足，短途旅游；

H.floor地板，楼层；

I.heights高度，高地；

K.levels水平面，水平；

M.picture局面，图画；

0.voyage航行，航程

动词：

A.absorb吸收，吸引……的注意；

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/82158791.html,bined使结合；

C.contribute是(造成某情况)的一个原因，贡献；

G.explore探索，探险；

K.levels使成水平，使平等；

L.mixed使混合，混淆；

M.picture想象，描述

形容词：

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/82158791.html,bined联合的；

J.indifferent漠不关心的；

L.mixed混合的，混淆的；

N.unsure不确定的，缺乏信心的

详解详析

26．A.absorb。查看解析

27．C.contribute。查看解析

28．K.levels。查看解析

29．G.explore。查看解析

30．M.picture。查看解析

31．O.voyage。查看解析

32．https://www.sodocs.net/doc/82158791.html,bined。查看解析

33．E.emissions。查看解析

34．D.depth。查看解析

35．N.unsure。查看解析

阅读全文翻译

详解详析

36. F。查看解析

37. Focusing on effort is effective in helping children overcome frustration and achieve success.

专注于努力在帮助孩子战胜挫折，获得成功方面是有效的=由题干中的Focusing on effort和achieve success定位到原文画线处

该段第一句提到，比起归因于缺乏努力，把糟糕的表现归因于缺乏能力对积极性的打击更大。因此应该让孩子专注于付出努力会帮助他们勇敢地面对挫折，获得成功。题干二中的overcome frustration对应原文中的resolve helplessness，achieve对应generate，故答案为C。

38. I。查看解析

39. B。查看解析

40. In the author's experiment, students with a growth mind-set showed greater perseverance in solving difficult math problems.

在作者的实验中，拥有成长思维模式的学生在解决数学难题时表现出更强大的毅力，

由题干中的greater perseverance和difficult定位到原文画线处。

该段开头提到这两种不同看法或者说两种思维模式会对学生的学业表现产生重大影响，但这种影响并不会在一开始显现出来。当课程的难度逐渐增大时，拥有成长思维模式的学生会表现出更强大的毅力。题干中的perseverance对应原文中的persistence，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为G。

41. E。查看解析

42. After failing again and again, most animals give up hope.

在一次又一次的失败之后，大多数动物都会放弃希望。

由题干中的failing again and again和give up hope定位到原文画线处。

定位句指出宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家们做的动物实验表明，大多数动物在遭遇多次失败之后，都会认为没有希望了，对于糟糕的情况它们束手无策，、题干中的failing again and again对应原文中的repeated failures：give up hope 对应原文中的hopeless，故答案为A。

43. J。查看解析

44. D。查看解析

45. H。查看解析

Section C

Passage One

阅读全文翻译

详解详析

46．C。

47．B。

48．A。由题干中Danish taxation on fat-rich foods定位至第三段第三句：By contrast, a Danish tax on foods high in fats was abandoned a year after its introduction, amid claims that consumers were avoiding it by crossing the border to Germany to satisfy their desire for cheaper．fattier fare．事实细节题。第三段讨论了糖、酒、烟税的有效性问题。墨西哥的酒税是有效的，但是丹麦征收的高脂肪食品税却在执行一年后就被废除了，因为消费者为避免纳税可以跨境去德国购买能满足其需求且更便宜、脂肪含量更高的食品。由此可知，

A.“没有像预期的那样有效”符合原文意思，故本题答案为A。

B.“带来了许多边境问题”、

C.“没有德国的合作不可能成功”在原文中均未提及，故均排除；

D.“遇到了食品业的坚决反对”虽然符合第四段第一句的表述，但是第三段中并没有明确指出丹麦的政策是否遇到了抵制，故排除。

49．D。查看解析。50．A。查看解析

Passage Two

全文翻译

你可能听说过时尚行业的一些恐怖故事：模特们吃下纸巾或棉花球来抵抗饥饿，她们走下T台后不久就因饥饿导致的心脏病而倒下。

(51)几十年以来过瘦的模特一直是争论的焦点，两位研究者称模特的体重应该成为职场健康的安全问题。(52)在星期一发行的《美国公共健康杂志》上，凯瑟琳·雷科德和布瑞恩·奥斯汀阐述了政府加强时尚行业管理的理由。

国际T台模特的体重指数(BMI)平均不到l6——按照世界卫生组织的标准足以表明饥饿。(53)雷科德和奥斯汀担忧的不仅仅是模特本身，还有受模特形象影响的大量盘性。

“尤其是女孩和青少年。”雷科德说，“70％的l0～18岁女孩认为，她们根据在

杂志上看到的来定义什么是完美体型。”雷科德说这尤其让人担心，因为根据国家精神健康研究院统计，厌食症导致的死亡人数比任何其他精神疾病都要多。众所周知，某些疾病与职业相关，例如煤矿工人易得肺病。由于职业需要保持极瘦的体型，专业模特尤其易患饮食失调。

雷科德的建议是禁止模特代理公司雇佣体重指数低于l8的模特。

(54)四月份，法国通过了一项法律，给模特的体重规定了更低的限制。模特代理公司和时尚企业如果雇用体重指数低于l8的模特，要缴纳82000美元的罚款，入狱最高达6个月。雷科德说监管美国的时尚业并不轻松。但是随着法国通过了新法律，在美国的支持会大有不同。(55)她补充道，“如果不参加巴黎时尚周，一个设计师都无法生存。我们认为．纽约时尚周也应如此。”

详解详析

51．D。查看解析52．B。查看解析53．C。查看解析54．B。查看解析55．D。查看解析

Part IV

Translation

参考译文

In Chinese culture, yellow is a color occupying a fairly prominent position, which is endowed with unique symbolic significance. In the feudal society, yellow stands for the ruler's power and authority. At that time,yellow was specially designed for the emperor, with the royal palace painted yellow and the imperial robealways being yellow while the ordinary people were never being permitted to wear yellow. In China, yellow is also the symbol of harvest. When crops are ripening in the fall, farmers celebrate the harvest in high spirits,with the fields taldng on a vast expanse of golden appearance.

年6月大学英语四级真题及参考答案

Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words. 【参考范文】 On June 14, Friday, a volunteer activity where many students took an active part in visiting the local Nursing House was organized by the Student Union and it turns out to be a big success. The activity was aimed at encouraging students to visit the elderly at the Nursing House and help elderly people deal with their troubles both physical and psychological. Many students volunteered to participate in this good deed and were engaged in helping the elderly here out by making their meals, washing their clothes and chatting with them. When asked about those volunteers’feelings about such an experience, all of them responded with a smile, saying “what a wonderful practice and I really appreciate this experience, for it makes me learn to care more for others in need.” All in all, the activity turns out to be a success not only for the visited elderly but for those students involved. 【参考范文译文】 6月14日，星期五，学生会组织了一个参观当地敬老院的志愿活动，许多学生都积极参与其中，该活动取得了巨大的成功。 此次志愿活动旨在拜访当地敬老院的老人们并对他们各个方面的困难提供帮助。许多学生主动加入到此次善举当中，帮老人们洗衣做饭、谈心解闷，竭尽所能提供帮助。问及参与此次活动的感想时，他们毫无例外地回道“真是太有意义了，很感谢这次经历，它让我懂得要去更加关爱那些有困难的人” 总而言之，此次活动取得了巨大成功，不仅仅对那些老人来说受益多多，对于参与的学生来说也是意义良多。 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section A The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has26 from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming into life. In a27to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced28 that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road. “Michigan’s29 in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to 30our leadership in transportation. We can’t let happen,” says Senator Mike Kowall, the

大学英语四级真题及答案第三套

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