theraven中英文赏析

哥特式文学首先盛行于18，19世纪的西方世界，旨在描述发生在充满神秘与恐怖氛围中的传奇经历。许多学者认为，“哥特元素大都运用于小说创作，而诗歌则由于受到情节、节奏与韵律的限制而缺少叙述哥特故事的基础条件” (Tzvetan 25-26)。但部分学者则坚信“哥特元素不仅存在于小说中，在诗歌当中亦可以分外活跃”（刘守兰：55）。作为美国哥特文学大师与先驱，埃德加·爱伦坡的短篇小说以及他的诗作都充满了哥特式的神奇色彩。但是大多数学者仅将研究聚焦于其短篇小说中的哥特研究，而忽视了该元素在其诗歌中也存在的现实。

一、爱伦坡所持的哥特式文学理论

爱伦坡对美好事物的凋零有着强烈的迷恋。追根究底，这还源于他儿时的丧亲之痛，与中年的丧妻之痛。而已逝女子的影子常在他脑海里盘旋，引领他在诗歌王国里翱翔。哥特式风格又恰如其分地被其用于诠释他心底深处的恐惧与压抑。

众多作家在描写恐怖情节时，常对外部环境进行大力渲染，而他则更注重对人内心世界的雕琢。他深信“诗歌的最好主题是死亡，尤其是美丽尤物的死亡，将毫无疑问是世界上最具诗意的主题（Poe：133-140）”。他用诗歌践行了自己的写作原则，并将一生都奉献给了这种哀伤的美丽。为更清晰地展现爱伦坡的哥特式写作风格，本文将以《乌鸦》为例并诠释其中所蕴含的死亡之美与哥特式元素。

二、意象塑造

1、人与物的塑造

《乌鸦》塑造了两个重要形象：年轻男子与乌鸦。悲伤的男子刚失去他最爱的女子，他企图沉浸于书以忘却伤痛，但一切都是徒劳，他越看书，越被寂寞与悲痛侵蚀；而象征死亡与不祥的乌鸦却在午夜，飞入这间男子曾常与故去情人蕾诺相会的小屋。此外，诗人还塑造了两个对诗的主旨起重要作用的意象。其一为黑色，“纯色调可使人产生快乐或抑郁之感”（朱立元：489-490）。诗中所连续采用的黑色背景，可使读者感到压抑，从而感受男子心底的恐惧与悲痛。

诗中反复出现的“永远不再”亦可看作一种特殊形象。除该词的原意外，它还具有象征意义。在乌鸦出场时，悲伤的男子问它叫什么名字，乌鸦的回答就是“永远不再”，但当主人翁向乌鸦询问是否有良药以消除他心中对蕾诺的思念时，当他想知道是否能与蕾诺在遥远的天堂再次相会时，以及最后要求乌鸦离开小屋时，乌鸦都是通过“永远不再”作答，也正是这个词，使得男子陷入永恒的悲痛深渊。

2、场景设置

读者可在开篇看到一幅夜半三更的凄厉画卷：

阴森的气氛，令人毛骨悚然的场景，神秘而忧郁的男子,不祥的乌鸦……在阴郁而寒冷的午夜，除寒风的呼啸声与男子翻动书页的声

音，周围的一切均可谓万籁俱寂，屋外的世界在夜的面纱笼罩之下，而屋内的狭小空间在昏暗的光线下显得忽明忽暗，突然一阵短暂的敲门声在他房门上叩响，但当他打开房门查看时，却不见敲门人，只有无情的黑夜与肆虐的狂风。然而，当他回到屋内，之前的敲门声却再次响起，乌鸦在这时飞入他的房间，并栖息于他房门之上。

但为何选择午夜作为故事发生的时间午夜意味着恐怖与神秘，各种幽灵与魔鬼总在此时出没。这种令人发怵的氛围，为乌鸦的出场奠定了基调。诗人将故事设置在一所幽僻而狭小的屋子里也是别有一番用心。首先，狭小而封闭的空间对构建孤僻而隔世的哥特式恐怖气氛有着绝对的帮辅作用。第二，小屋正是两位情侣的爱巢，这个屋子依旧如此，然而曾经的欢笑却随着女主人的香消玉殒而一去不返。男子守着物是人非的屋子，睹物思人，是何等的悲伤。如此设置场景会在读者心中引起共鸣，使读者对男子的同情之心油然而生。

《乌鸦》,作为一首以抑扬格八音部构建下完成的叙事体诗歌,读起来朗朗上口,具有极强的音感。全诗在爱伦坡极具个性的语言风格营造中,描绘出一个非现实环境下的超自然氛围。它讲述的是一个关于男主人翁痛失所爱的故事。一个会说人类语言的乌鸦,来到一个刚刚失去心上致爱的男子身边。男子正竭尽全力使自己走出这情感的阴霾,但乌鸦的到来却更加加重了男子的无限伤感。任凭男子一再地反复询问,乌鸦的回复冷酷而让人绝望:永不复焉。

〈乌鸦〉（英语：The Raven，又译〈渡鸦〉），是美国作家埃德加·爱伦·坡所著的一首叙事诗，于1845年1月首次出版。它的音调优美，措辞独具风格，诗句并有着超自然的氛围。它讲述了一只会说话的渡鸦对一名发狂的恋人的神秘拜访，描绘了这个男人缓慢陷入疯狂的过程。这名恋人，普遍被认为是一名学生[1][2]，因失去他的所爱丽诺尔而深感悲痛。渡鸦坐在帕拉斯胸像上，似乎在进一步煽动着他的忧伤，不断重复著话语：“永不复焉。”此诗作并使用了众多民间与古典的文献。

爱伦·坡自认此诗写得十分有逻辑与条理。他的目的是创作一首能皆在评论与大众两方引起共鸣的诗，同他在他1846年的后续评论《创作哲学》中所解释的。此诗说话渡鸦的部分的灵感来自于查尔斯·狄更斯的《巴纳比·拉奇：八零年代暴动的故事》[3]。爱伦·坡亦模仿了勃朗宁的诗作〈杰拉丁女士的求婚〉的复杂节奏与韵律。全诗并使用句中韵以及头韵法。

〈乌鸦〉于1845年1月29日进行首次印刷，由《纽约镜像晚报》发行。它的出版使得爱伦·坡终身受到欢迎，尽管这并没有为他带来巨大的财富。此诗不久后便再版、受谐仿及加上插图。尽管评论对其地位的见解并不一致，它仍是史上最著名的诗作之一。

"The Raven" is a narrative poem by American writer Edgar Allan Poe. First published in January 1845, the poem is often noted for its musicality, stylized language,

and supernatural atmosphere. It tells of a talking raven's mysterious visit to a distraught lover, tracing the man's slow descent into madness. The lover, often identified as being a student,[1][2]is lamenting the loss of his love, Lenore. Sitting on a bust of Pallas, the raven seems to further instigate his distress with its constant repetition of the word "Nevermore". The poem makes use of a number of folk and classical references.

Poe claimed to have written the poem very logically and methodically, intending to create a poem that would appeal to both critical and popular tastes, as he explained in his 1846 follow-up essay "The Philosophy of Composition". The poem was inspired in part by a talking raven in the novel Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of 'Eighty by Charles Dickens.[3]Poe borrows the complex rhythm and meter of Elizabeth Barrett's poem "Lady Geraldine's Courtship", and makes use of internal rhyme as well as alliteration throughout. "The Raven" was first attributed to Poe in print in the New York Evening Mirror on January 29, 1845. Its publication made Poe widely popular in his lifetime, although it did not bring him much financial success. Soon reprinted, parodied, and

illustrated, critical opinion is divided as to the poem's status, but it nevertheless remains one of the most famous poems ever written.[4

Synopsis

"The Raven" follows an unnamed narrator on a night in December who sits reading "forgotten lore"[6]as a method to forget the loss of his love, Lenore. A "rapping at [his] chamber door"[6]reveals nothing, but excites his soul to "burning".[7] A similar rapping, slightly louder, is heard at his window. When he goes to investigate, a raven steps into his chamber. Paying no attention to the man, the raven perches on a bust of Pallas.

Amused by the raven's comically serious disposition, the man demands that the bird tell him its name. The raven's only answer is "Nevermore".[7]The narrator is surprised that the raven can talk, though at this point it has said nothing further. The narrator remarks to himself that his "friend" the raven will soon fly out of his life, just as "other friends have flown before"[7]along with his previous hopes. As if answering, the raven responds again with "Nevermore".[7]The narrator reasons

that the bird learned the word "Nevermore" from some "unhappy master" and that it is the only word it knows.[7]

Even so, the narrator pulls his chair directly in front of the raven, determined to learn more about it. He thinks for a moment, not saying anything, but his mind wanders back to his lost Lenore. He thinks the air grows denser and feels the presence of angels. Confused by the association of the angels with the bird, the narrator becomes angry, calling the raven a "thing of evil" and a "prophet". As he yells at the raven it only responds, "Nevermore".[8]Finally, he asks the raven whether he will be reunited with Lenore in Heaven. When the raven responds with its typical "Nevermore", he shrieks and commands the raven to return to the "Plutonian shore",[8]though it never moves. Presumably at the time of the poem's recitation by the narrator, the raven "still is sitting"[8]on the bust of Pallas. The narrator's final admission is that his soul is trapped beneath the raven's shadow and shall be lifted "Nevermore".[8] Analysis

Poe wrote the poem as a narrative, without intentionally creating an allegory or falling into didacticism.[2]The main theme of the poem is one of undying devotion.[9]The

narrator experiences a perverse conflict between desire to forget and desire to remember. He seems to get some pleasure from focusing on loss.[10]The narrator assumes that the word "Nevermore" is the raven's "only stock and store", and, yet, he continues to ask it questions, knowing what the answer will be. His questions, then, are purposely self-deprecating and further incite his feelings of loss.[11]Poe leaves it unclear if the raven actually knows what it is saying or if it really intends to cause a reaction in the poem's narrator.[12]The narrator begins as weak and weary, becomes regretful and grief-stricken, before passing into a frenzy and, finally, madness.[13]Christopher F. S. Maligec suggests the poem is a type of elegiac paraclausithyron, an ancient Greek and Roman poetic form consisting of the lament of an excluded, locked-out lover at the sealed door of his beloved.[14]

Allusions

The raven perches on a bust of Pallas Athena, a symbol of wisdom meant to imply the narrator is a scholar. Illustration by édouard Manet for Stéphane Mallarmé's translation, Le Corbeau(1875).

Poe says that the narrator is a young scholar.[15]Though this is not explicitly stated in the poem, it is mentioned in "The Philosophy of Composition". It is also suggested by the narrator reading books of "lore" as well as by the bust of Pallas Athena, goddess of wisdom.[1]

He is reading "many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore".[6]Similar to the studies suggested in Poe's short story "Ligeia", this lore may be about the occult or black magic. This is also emphasized in the author's choice to set the poem in December, a month which is traditionally associated with the forces of darkness. The use of the raven –the "devil bird" –also suggests this.[16]This devil image is emphasized by the narrator's belief that the raven is "from the Night's Plutonian shore", or a messenger from the afterlife, referring to Pluto, the Roman god of the underworld[10](also known as Hades in Greek mythology).

Poe chose a raven as the central symbol in the story because he wanted a "non-reasoning" creature capable of speech. He decided on a raven, which he considered "equally capable of speech" as a parrot, because it matched the intended tone of

the poem.[17]Poe said the raven is meant to symbolize "Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance".[18]He was also inspired by Grip, the raven in Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of 'Eighty by Charles Dickens.[19]One scene in particular bears a resemblance to "The Raven": at the end of the fifth chapter of Dickens's novel, Grip makes a noise and someone says, "What was that – him tapping at the door" The response is, "'Tis someone knocking softly at the shutter."[20]Dickens's raven could speak many words and had many comic turns, including the popping of a champagne cork, but Poe emphasized the bird's more dramatic qualities. Poe had written a review of Barnaby Rudge for Graham's Magazine saying, among other things, that the raven should have served a more symbolic, prophetic purpose.[20]The similarity did not go unnoticed: James Russell Lowell in his A Fable for Critics wrote the verse, "Here comes Poe with his raven, like Barnaby Rudge/ Three-fifths of him genius and two-fifths sheer fudge."[21]

Poe may also have been drawing upon various references to ravens in mythology and folklore. In Norse mythology, Odin possessed two ravens named Huginn and Muninn, representing thought and memory.[22]According to Hebrew folklore, Noah sends a white raven to check

conditions while on the ark.[17]It learns that the floodwaters are beginning to dissipate, but it does not immediately return with the news. It is punished by being turned black and being forced to feed on carrion forever.[22]In Ovid's Metamorphoses, a raven also begins as white before Apollo punishes it by turning it black for delivering a message of a lover's unfaithfulness. The raven's role as a messenger in Poe's poem may draw from those stories.[22]

Poe also mentions the Balm of Gilead, a reference to the Book of Jeremiah(8:22) in the Bible: "Is there no balm in Gilead; is there no physician there why then is not the health of the daughter of my people recovered"[23]In that context, the Balm of Gilead is a resin used for medicinal purposes (suggesting, perhaps, that the narrator needs to be healed after the loss of Lenore). He also refers to "Aidenn", another word for the Garden of Eden, though Poe uses it to ask if Lenore has been accepted into Heaven. At another point, the narrator imagines that Seraphim(a type of angel) have entered the room. The narrator thinks they are trying to take his memories of Lenore away from him using nepenthe, a drug mentioned in Homer's Odyssey to induce forgetfulness.

Poetic structure

The poem is made up of 18 stanzas of six lines each. Generally, the meter is trochaic octameter– eight trochaic feet per line, each foot having one stressed syllable followed by one unstressed syllable.[3]The first line, for example (with /representing stressed syllables and x representing unstressed):

Edgar Allan Poe, however, claimed the poem was a combination of octameter acatalectic, heptameter catalectic,

and tetrameter catalectic.[15]The rhyme scheme is ABCBBB, or AA,B,CC,CB,B,B when accounting for internal rhyme. In every stanza, the 'B' lines rhyme with the word 'nevermore' and are catalectic, placing extra emphasis on the final syllable. The poem also makes heavy use of alliteration("Doubting,

dreaming dreams ...").[24]20th century American poet Daniel Hoffman suggested that the poem's structure and meter is so formulaic that it is artificial, though its mesmeric quality overrides that.[25]

Poe based the structure of "The Raven" on the complicated rhyme and rhythm of Elizabeth Barrett's poem "Lady Geraldine's Courtship".[15]Poe had reviewed Barrett's work in the January 1845 issue of the Broadway Journal[26]and said that "her poetic inspiration is the highest –we can conceive of nothing more august. Her sense of Art is pure in itself."[27]As is typical with Poe, his review also criticizes her lack of originality and what he considers the repetitive nature of some of her poetry.[28]About "Lady Geraldine's Courtship", he said, "I have never read a poem combining so much of the fiercest passion with so much of the most delicate imagination."[27]

英汉翻译评析(附参考译文)

英汉翻译讲解（1） I.英汉之间的差别： “对于中国学生最有用的帮助是让他认识英语和汉语的差别。”------吕叔湘 国内学者的共识是：汉语是综合性的，描写性的，而英语是分析性的，逻辑性的。在语言学上最重要的区别在于形合和意合的对比（contrast between hypotaxis and parataxis），英语重形合（形式上的融合），汉语重意合（意思或意境的融合）。在句法方面，有学者形象地把英汉比喻为以下几种： 1．雄孔雀/雄狮-----即英语习惯于把最着重的事物放在句首先说出来，开门见山，一语破的，然后再把各种标志一条条补述，一步步交代，慢条斯理，从容不迫，形成一条头短尾长地线性链，象头小尾大地雄孔雀。而汉语则相反，其线性序列的展开好比画龙点睛，先把外围的环境与衬托一一交代周到，最后点出话语的信息中心，水到渠成，给人以豁然开朗之感，形成雄狮型头大尾小地局式。 例如：I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your Government it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly. 译文：由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快地重新实现访问。这使我感到特别高兴。 又如：The assertion that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural development was now scarcely （不足地，不充分地；一定不，绝不）contested （斗争；比赛）. 译文：如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位，不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展，要享受其基本权利，即使不是不可能，也是不容易的。这一论断几乎是无可置辩的了。 2．葡萄/竹竿-----即把英语句子比作“葡萄型”结构，葡萄主干很短，其上附结着丰硕的果实。而汉语句子则较短，一个短句接一个短句地往下叙述，逐步展开，内容像竹竿一样一节一节展开，常称为“竹竿型”结构。 She was beautiful, with long dark hair and brilliant green eyes.她长得很美，一头乌黑亮丽的长发，一双晶莹明亮的绿色眼睛。 She has smooth akin as pale and iridescent as the moon shining over a snow-covered landscape.她光滑的肌肤白里透红，宛如皎洁的月光洒在茫茫血地上。 3．多枝共干----英语句子中还有两个或几个动词共受一个状语修饰，共有一个主语或宾语，或者两个或几个状语共同修饰一个动词，两个或几个主语或宾语共一个动词，这就好比几根树枝长在同一根树干上，我们称为“多枝共干”式结构。 4．也有学者认为英语是一种弥漫着“男子气”的语言。逻辑性、组织性和理性是以英语为母语的民族的思维支撑点，从而就形成了英语的“阳刚之美”。而汉语自有汉语之美。汉语不注重对客观现实作符合逻辑的形式的描摹，不执着于形式结构的规范，中国人的思维支撑点似乎更具有抽象，深邃和疏放的取向，由此繁衍生出的是显赫的暗示和幽远的意境从而形成汉语的“阴柔之美”。汉语的魅力在于她的流散和疏放，系于她超凡的暗示力和意境性。所以汉语的形式机制很弱，主谓宾没有形式标定，主谓间关系松散，宾语无定格，无定位，主语的超句承接功能很强。 如果说汉语是一种“人治”语言，那么，英语则是一种“理性”语言。汉语能化逻辑为内在，英语则必须将逻辑外化，化作种种行合的标记，化作启转承合的纽带。英语语法规范森严，理性十足；英语形式逻辑缜密，滴水不漏。 5．汉语是一种意境语言，一种艺术语言。寥寥数词，就能出意境，出氛围，出画面。

经典英语美文欣赏80篇(适用于成人)

经典英语美文欣赏80篇（适用于成人） 英语美文欣赏80篇 01-The Love of Beauty 英语美文欣赏80篇 02-The Happy Door 英语美文欣赏80篇 03-Born to Win 英语美文欣赏80篇 04-Work and Pleasure 英语美文欣赏80篇 05-Mirror,Mirror-What do I See 英语美文欣赏80篇 06-On Motes and Beams 英语美文欣赏80篇 07-An October Sunrise 英语美文欣赏80篇 08-To be or not to be 英语美文欣赏80篇 09-Gettysburg address 英语美文欣赏80篇10-First Inaugural Address

英语美文欣赏80篇11-American black bears 英语美文欣赏80篇 12-Coal-fired power plants 英语美文欣赏80篇 13-Statistics 英语美文欣赏80篇 14-Obtaining Fresh water from icebergs 英语美文欣赏80篇 15-The source of Energy 英语美文欣赏80篇 16-Vision 英语美文欣赏80篇 17-Folk Cultures 英语美文欣赏80篇 18-Bacteria 英语美文欣赏80篇 19-Sleep 英语美文欣赏80篇 20-Cells and Temperature 英语美文欣赏80篇21-Youth 英语美文欣赏80篇 22-Three Days to See 英语美文欣赏80篇 23-Companionship of Books 英语美文欣赏80篇24-If I Rest,I Rust 英语美文欣赏80篇 25-Ambition 英语美文欣赏80篇 26-What I have Lived for 英语美文欣赏80篇 27-When Love Beckons You 英语美文欣赏80篇 28-The Road to Success

英汉翻译复习资料

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Weeks with sees our attractiveness level as akin to that of a discarded dishcloth, and the most physical we could see ourselves being with the guy who actually likes us is a game of ping pong over an especially long table. All of which means that someone usually ends up getting rejected. I'm sure I'm not alone when I say I have struggled with the scenario where I am not interested in a man romantically, but I want to keep him as a friend because he is funny and I enjoy his company, or he has shown himself to be that rare specimen known as "a nice, genuine person, " or he simply doesn't mention his therapist in every other sentence. Rather than string him along and give him hope, I feel compelled to somehow communicate to him sooner rather than later that we'll just be staying friends, nothing more. Otherwise, I think I am being unfair to him. Why should he waste his romantic stamina on me when there are loads of other single women out there who might fall instantly in love with him? The thing is, it can sometimes be tricky to reject a man and keep him as a friend. If the operation is not executed carefully, you may end up creating a "menemy." It requires a certain amount of skill to be able to turn down a man's sexual advances or romantic gestures and then get him to agree to meet you for blueberry pancakes the following weekend and chat about the latest Woody Allen film. Some men aren't satisfied with just that. I'm not clear why. What's so bad about friendship? Everyone needs buddies. But I've seen men react poorly or simply fall off the face of the earth. I get it -- their feelings are hurt. None of us likes getting rejected. But in my experience, some men find it especially soul-crushing. I am only bringing all of this up because I recently had to go through this scenario again. I had spent some time cultivating a friendship with a man who, in my defense, I thought was gay. So I didn't see the harm in him buying me the occasional falafel, or accepting an invitation to see a film with him. Isn't that what friends are for? But a mutual friend shed light on his sexual orientation (straight) and suggested that his intentions -- and attentions -- weren't platonic. He had never "made the moves" but now it was all crystal clear -- that explains the way he had looked at me that time the tahini sauce dribbled down my chin! Since he had clearly been too timid to express his feelings, I thought I would be clever this time and subtly mention the dates I had been going on, focusing on the one guy I was kind of keen on, so that he would know that I was "unavailable" for heavy petting and those sorts of activities, but that I was available for things like roller skating, falafel-eating and shooting the breeze. Doesn't that sound nice? That way, he would known not to try to lean in for a kiss, and I wouldn't have to pull the Stevie Wonder dance and dodge him went he went for it. It was like pre-rejection, yet I was sparing his feelings because he didn't even have to put himself out there! I really thought I was being brilliant. It backfired, of course. Said man ended up sending me an email rant accusing me of being insensitive by talking about other men when he had "feelings for me." As if I am psychic, by the way, just because I am a woman! How was I supposed to know that? I think in his mind we were dating. In my mind, he was my new gay BFF. In the end, I got mad at him for getting mad at me, and now the friendship has ended. And I have created yet another "menemy." Look, I have also tried the direct thing: "I really like you, but only as a friend, " but you can only do that when the guy has made his intentions clear, and in my experience, they either cope okay (though rarely do I feel much enthusiasm for friendship after that), or they really don't cope well. I also tried the thing where you make them think they are rejecting you, but it gets quite confusing and only works if the guy isn't very sharp, and why would I -- or you -- be hanging out with someone not that sharp in the first place? As we all remember, Billy Crystal's character says men and women can't be friends in When Harry Met Sally because the sex stuff gets in the way. I do have single, male, heterosexual friends with whom I have an easy, non-romantic rapport, but I honestly don't know if they would walk away if I was sprawled naked on a bed calling out to them. I may not be everybody's cup of tea, but sometimes, I wonder if they wonder. And they may wonder if I wonder. If so, I hope they'll keep it to

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E-mail文化传播网https://www.sodocs.net/doc/831127694.html,

一、《境由心造》 一个人的处境是苦是乐常是主观的。 有人安于某种生活，有人不能。因此能安于自已目前处境的不妨就如此生活下去，不能的只好努力另找出路。你无法断言哪里才是成功的，也无法肯定当自已到达了某一点之后，会不会快乐。有些人永远不会感到满足，他的快乐只建立在不断地追求与争取的过程之中，因此，他的目标不断地向远处推移。这种人的快乐可能少，但成就可能大。

苦乐全凭自已判断，这和客观环境并不一定有直接关系，正如一个不爱珠宝的女人，即使臵身在极其重视虚荣的环境，也无伤她的自尊。拥有万卷书的穷书生，并不想去和百万富翁交换钻石或股票。满足于田园生活的人也并不艳羡任何学者的荣誉头衔，或高官厚禄。 你的爱好就是你的方向，你的兴趣就是你的资本，你的性情就是你的命运。各人有各人理想的乐园，有自已所乐于安享的花花世界。

. 二、《大和小》 一位朋友谈到他亲戚的姑婆，一生从来没有穿过合脚的鞋子，常穿着巨大的鞋子走来走去。儿子晚辈如果问她，她就会说：“大小鞋都是一样的价钱，为什么不买大的？” 每次我转述这个故事，总有一些人笑得岔了气。

其实，在生活里我们会看到很多这样的"姑婆"。没有什么思想的作家，偏偏写着厚重苦涩的作品；没有什么内容的画家，偏偏画着超级巨画；经常不在家的商人，却有非常巨大的家园。 许多人不断地追求巨大，其实只是被内在贪欲推动着，就好像买了特大号的鞋子，忘了自己的脚一样。 不管买什么鞋子，合脚最重要，不论追求什么，总要适可而止。

三、《抉择》 人的一生常处于抉择之中，如：念哪一间大学？选哪一种职业？娶哪一种女子？……等等伤脑筋的事情。一个人抉择力的有无，可以显示其人格成熟与否。 倒是哪些胸无主见的人，不受抉择之苦。因为逢到需要决定的时候，他总是求询别人说：“嘿，你看怎么做？”

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