高考英语第二轮复习教案-非谓语动词和独立主格结构

高考二轮复习英语教案

专题八非谓语动词和独立主格结构

【专题要点】非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下：1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语；2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语；3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词；

4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意义不同的动词或短语；

5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别；

6.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别；

7.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别；8.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语；9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式；10.独立主格结构在句中作状语；

11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。

【考纲要求】非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词三种形式。动词的非谓语形式是中学英语语法的重点和难点,也是每年高考热点中的热点, 考纲要求掌握：非谓语动词的时态和语态；他们在英语句子中的作用；非谓语动词的基本用法和含义，非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种句子成分，比如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等；掌握非谓语动词充当相同句子成分时的辨析；掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语义下的运用。对于独立主格结构考纲要求掌握独立主格结构的构成方式；在句子中的作用以及with复合结构。

【教法指引】非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词，是高中英语学习的难点，也是高考考查的重点。高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点，教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当，尤其是对以下要点的复习：

1.不定式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别；

2.非谓语动词的主动式与被动式；

3.非谓语动词完成式的用法；

4.非谓语动词用作伴随状语；

5.非谓语动词用作目的状语；

6.非谓语动词用作结果状语；

7.非谓语动词用作宾语补足语；

8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题；

9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题；10.“(be+)过去分词+介词”结构；11.动名词的复合结构和there be 结构的非谓语动词形式。

对于独立主格结构的复习，教师必须要讲清它的构成方式和在句子中的作用以及与with复合结构和分词之间的辨析的关系。

【知识网络】非谓语动词用法

非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、

表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。

1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别

(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。

Smoz.x.x.kld一词，其后宾语只跟不定式，不能跟动名词。例如：

I should liz.x.x.kch, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语。

John will do anything but worz.x.x.kt shutting the door behind him.

他出去后将门随手关上。

Not z.x.x.kt a word more spoken, he picked up the paper.

没再多说一个字，他拾起那张纸。（借此结构；表伴随）

6、The last guest to arrive, our party was started.

最后一位客人到了，我们的晚会开始了。（名词＋不定式；表时间）

五、独立主格结构与分词短语作状语的异同：

1、独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转化成状语从句。但是，独立主格结构转换成状语从句后，有自己的逻辑主语，与主句的主语不一致；而分词短语转化为状语从句后，从句的主语与主句的主语相同。例：

⑴If time permit, we’d better have a rest at this weekend. －→Time permitting，we’d better have a rest at this weekend.

如果时间允许，本周末我们最好休息一下。

⑵ When we see from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful. －→Seeing from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful. 从顶楼上看，花园更漂亮。

2、还应该注意，分词结构的逻辑主语不是总和主句的主语一致，而是主句的其他成分。语法上称作“依着原则”；有些分词结构在句子上找不到它的逻辑主语，语法上称作“悬垂分词”。例：

⑴ Looking for my watch in the room, it had taken me a long time. 在屋里找表，用了我很长时间。(依着原则)

⑵ When planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the root. (我们)种花时必须小心，不能碰坏花根。（悬垂分词）

六、独立主格结构与独立成分的异同：

1、有的分词短语可以独立存在，在句子中没有逻辑上的主语，实际上已经成了习惯短语。

这些短语有：generally speaking; frankly speaking; judging from; supposing等等。例：

⑴ Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand.总的来说，这个规则很容易懂。

⑵ Judging from what he said, she must be an honest girl. 根据他所说的，她一定很诚实。

2、有些固定短语是带to的不定式，表明说话人的立场和态度，在句中作独立成分。这些短语有：to be honest; to be sure; to tell you the truth; to cut a long story short; to be frank; to make the matter worse等等。例：

⑴ To tell you the truth, what I said at the meeting was not my opinion. 说实话，我在会上说的并不是我的意见。

⑵ To make the matter worse, he locked his keys in the car. 更糟糕的是，他把钥匙锁在车里了

七、非谓语动词独立主格结构

在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。

Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later.

有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。（such an able man和 to help you 之间存在着主谓关系）

= Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later. He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.

他在书桌旁坐好后，他母亲开始给他讲故事。（seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he，注意是“主格”）

= When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.

The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.

由于丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行去学校。（lost 的逻辑主语是the key，lost 也可以用完成式having been lost）

= Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.

A．不定式“独立主格结构”

在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。

1．动词不定式用主动的形式

在独立主格结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。

His mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner.

他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜。（= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.）

——will you go to the concert tonight 你今晚去听音乐会吗？

——sorry. So many exercise-books to check, I really can't afford any time.

对不起，有这多的作业要批，我真的抽不出时间。

（＝Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight ,I really can't afford any time.）

The four of us agreed on a division of labour , each to translate a quarter of the book.

我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。

（＝The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book.）

Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树，花和草后，我们新建的学校将看上去更美。(=If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.)

B．-ing形式“独立主格结构”

动词的-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。

Being ill, he went home.

由于生病,他回家了。（= As he was very ill, he went home.）

Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.

在课桌旁坐好后，他开始看杂志。（= When he had seated himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.）

1．表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”

Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.

每个人都准备好后，老师开始上课。（相当于一个时间状语从句When everyone was ready)

The chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated.

每个人坐好后，主席开始开会。（相当于一个时间状语从句after everyone was seated）2．表示原因的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”

The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 由那个男孩带路，我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。（相当于一个原因状语从句Because the boy led the way）

Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous. 许多眼睛看着他，他感到有点儿紧张。（相当于一个原因状语从句As many eyes were watching him）

必背：

含有being的独立主格结构。

It being National Day today，the streets are very crowded. 今天是国庆节,街上很拥挤。

= As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded.

There being no further business to discuss, we all went home. 没有别的事可讨论，我们都回家了。

= As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.

3．表示条件的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”

Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.

时间允许的话，我们下星期将进行一次野炊。（相当于一个条件状语从句If time permits) My health allowing, I will work far into the night.

我的健康许可的话，我愿工作到深夜。（相当于一个条件状语从句If my health allows）4．表示方式的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”

The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.

学生们快乐地在学校里走着，每个人胸前都带着一张卡。（相当于一个并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest）

The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky.

男孩躺在草地上，眼睛看着天空。（相当于一个并列分句and his eyes were looking at the sky）

C．-ed形式“独立主格结构”

与逻辑主语+动词的-ing形式一样，如果-ed形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话，就需要用-ed形式的独立主格结构。

The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.

该书是用简单英语写的，英语初学者也能看懂。

= As the book was written in simple English，English beginners were able to read it.

The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.

由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。

= As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder. He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.

他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。

= He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard. The task completed, he had two months' leave.

任务完成以后，他休了两个月的假。（=When the task had been completed, he had two months' leave.）

比较：

动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生，动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束，动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。

The manager looks worried，many things to settle. 经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。（事情还没有处理，而且是由经理本人来处理，用不定式to settle）

The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 许多事情已经处理好了，经理看上去很轻松。（事情已经处理好了，用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束）

The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV. 小孩一边做饭，一边看电视。（两个动作同时进行）

The food cooked, the boy went to bed. 饭做好了，小孩去睡了。（两个动作有先后，饭已做好，小孩才去睡觉的

八、 with、without 引导的独立主格结构

介词with/without +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构，上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。

A． with+名词代词+形容词

He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open.

他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。

= He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open.

He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.

他站在雨中，衣服湿透了。

= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.

注意：

在“with+名词代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中，也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed 形式。

With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy.

由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。

With his father well-known, the boy didn’t want to study.

父亲如此出名，儿子不想读书。

B． with+名词代词+副词

Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.

所有的灯都打开时，我们的学校看上去更美。

= Our school looks even more beautiful if when all the lights are on.

The boy was walking, with his father ahead.

父亲在前，小孩在后走着。

= The boy was walking and his father was ahead.

C． with+名词代词+介词短语

He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或

He stood at the door, computer in hand.

他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。

= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.

Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth. 或

Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth.

文森特坐在课桌前，嘴里衔着一支笔。

= Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth.

D． with+名词代词+动词的-ed形式

With his homework done, Peter went out to play.

作业做好了，彼得出去玩了。

= When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.

With the signal given, the train started.

信号发出了，火车开始起动了。

= After the signal was given, the train started.

I wouldn’t dare go home without the job finished.

工作还没完成，我不敢回家。

= I wouldn’t dare go home because the job was not finished.

E． with+名词代词+动词的-ing形式

The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.

有这么多的孩子坐在他周围，那男子感到很高兴。

= The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him. The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.

小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在哪里。

= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.

Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 他趁没人注意的时候，从窗口溜走了。

= When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window.

F． with+名词代词+动词不定式

The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.

有这么多的家庭作业要做，小男孩看上去很不开心。

= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.

The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.

有这么多的名胜可参观，小孩很激动。

The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.

提示：

在with/without 的复合结构中，多数情况下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.

她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。（without不能省略）

九、独立主格结构的句法功能

独立主格结构在句中除了能充当原因状语、时间状语、条件状语和伴随状语外，还能作定语。在形式上，“独立主格结构”可位于句首、句中或句尾，并通常用逗号与主句隔开。

A．作状语

独立主格结构作状语，其功能相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。

1．表示时间

Night coming on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel. 夜幕降临，我们在一家小旅馆住了下来。

（= When night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.）

All the guests seated, they began their dinner.

所有的客人就坐后，他们才开始吃饭。

（= When all the guests were seated, they began their dinner.）

With everything she needed bought, Grace took a taxi home.

所需要的都买好后，格雷斯打的回家了。

（After everything she needed was bought, Grace took a taxi home.）

2．表示原因

With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

有许多难题要解决，新当选的总统日子不好过。

（= As he has a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.）

There being no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.

由于在半夜没有交通工具了，他只好步行回家。

(= As there was no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.) 3．表示条件

Weather permitting, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.

如果天气允许的话，我们下星期将举行每年一次的运动会。

（= If weather permits，we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.）

All the work done, you can have a rest.

所有工作做好后，你可以休息。

（=As long as all the work is done, you can have a rest.）

Everything taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical. 如果从各方面考虑，你的计划似乎更实际些。

（= If everything is taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.）提示：

表示时间、原因、条件的独立主格结构一般放在句首，并且不能保留连词。

【误】When class being over, the students left their classroom.

【正】Class (being) over, the students left their classroom. 下课了，学生都离开了教室。

【误】The moon appearing and they continued their way.

【正】The moon appearing, they continued their way. 月亮出来了，他们继续赶路。4．表示伴随情况或补充说明

The strange man was walking down the street, with a stick in his hand.

那个奇怪的男人在街上走着,手里拿着根手杖。

（= The strange man was walking down the street, and he carried a stick in his hand.）The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.

杀人犯被带了进来，手被捆在背后。

（=The murderer was brought in, and his hands were tied behind his back.）

Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.

有两百人在事故中丧生，其中许多是儿童。

（Two hundred people died in the accident and many of them were children.）B．作定语

独立主格结构作定语，其功能相当于一个定语从句。

He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled. (with 的复合结构作定语,修饰the student)

他就是有许多问题要解决的那个人。

= He is the person who has a lot of questions to be settled.

You can use a large plastic bottle with its top cut off. (with 的复合结构作定语,修饰bottle)

你可以使用一个颈被砍掉的大塑料瓶。

= You can use a large plastic bottle whose top was cut off.

He was walking along the road without any street lights on its both sides.

他走在一条两边没有路灯的马路上。 (without的复合结构作定语,修饰the road )

= He was walking along the road that didn’t have any street lights on its both sides. 提示：

在这里我们讨论了很多用连词连接的两个句子改为独立主格结构的情况。需要提示的是，不是所有用连词的地方都可以改为独立主格结构。

If you stand on the top of the mountain，the park looks more beautiful.

如果你站在山顶上, 公园看上去更美。（不要改为独立主格结构）

If you check your test paper carefully, some mistakes can be avoided.

如果你仔细检查试卷的话，有些错误是可以避免的。（不要改为独立主格结构）

(完整版)非谓语动词和独立主格

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高中英语复习-非谓语动词与独立主格结构(含答案)

非谓语动词与独立主格结构 非谓语动词分为三类：不定式（infinitive）、动名词（gerund）和分词（participle）。其特点是： 1．不定式、动名词和分词可以做很多句子成分，但就是不能单独做谓语，这也是它们被称为"非谓语动词"的原因。 2．它们具有各种形态：一般式、主动态、被动态、进行态和完成态。 3．不定式和动名词可以做主语、宾语、表语、补语等。但不管起什么作用，它们都具有动词的功能，但无语法上的动词性质，这一点可以通过它们不受主语的人称和数的限制体现出来。 4．分词起形容词和副词作用，可做表语、定语、状语，但不能做主语和宾语。它也不受主语人称和数的限制。 一．不定式 1.完成式 不定式的一般形式所表示的动作, 通常与主要谓语表示的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生, 或是在它之后发生. 假如不定式所表示的动作, 在谓语所表示的动作(状态)之前发生, 就要用不定式的完成式. I am glad to have seen your mother (= I am glad I have seen your mother). (比较: I am glad to see you.) He is said to have written a new book about workers. He pretended not to have seen me.

2.进行式 如果主要谓语表示的动作(状态)发生时, 不定式表示的动作正在进行, 这时要用不定式的进行式. You are not supposed to be working. You haven’t quite recovered yet. We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here. He pretended to be listening attentively. 3.完成进行式 在谓语所表示的时间之前一直进行的动作, 就要用不定式的完成进行式. The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years. We are happy to have been working with you. 4.被动式 当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时, 不定式一般要用被动形式. It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here. She hated to be flattered. He wanted the letter to be typed at once. 【例】Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection ______ to the nation. A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left 结合选项来看，全句的意思：“78岁的丹尼斯爵士已经向众人宣布他的许多收藏品将留给国家"。收藏品是"被留给国家”，因此需要一个被动式做宾语，所以答案是D) is to be left。 （二）句法功能 1.不定式作主语 【例】It is not unusual for workers in that region _________. A) to be paid more than a month later B) to be paid later than more a month C) to pay later than a month more D) to pay later more than a month it 在句中作形式主语。而不定式to be paid more than a month是句子的逻辑主语。结合选项全句的意思是：“那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事”，答案是A)。

独立主格结构图表解析

独立主格结构 一、概念 “独立主格结构”就是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与主句之间不能通过并列连词连接，也不能由从句阴道词引导，通常用逗号与主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或者其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。 二、独立主格的特点

1.当独立主格结构中的being done表示“正在被做时”，being不可以被省略。 2.当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it, there时，being不可以省略。 三、独立主格结构的用法。 一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。

四、非谓语动词独立主格结构。 “名词或代词+非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上的主谓关系。 1.不定式构成的独立主格结构 不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行为或状态，在句中常 作原因状语，有时做条件状语。 Lots of homework to do, I have to stay home all day. 由于很多作业要做，我只好待在家里。 So many children to look after, the mother has to quit her job. 如此多的孩子要照顾，这个妈妈不得不辞掉她的工作。 2.动词+ing形式的独立主格结构 动词-ing形式的句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语，否则就 是不正确的。动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就应在 动词的-ing形式前加上逻辑主语，构成动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构，逻辑主语与动词间为主谓关系，是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作 时逻辑主语发出的动作。 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，每个人就像在干两个人的活。 The governor considering the matter, more strikers gathered across his path. 总督思考这个问题时，更多的罢工工人聚集到他要通过的路上。 The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. 在向导的带领下，我们轻松地走出了森林。 3.过去分词形式的独立主格 过去分词形式的独立主格结构是由“逻辑主语+过去分词”构成。逻辑主 语与动词之间为动宾关系，它是分词的动作承受者，这一结构在句中作 时间状语，原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语等。 This done, we went home.做完这个，我们就回家了。 All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. 积蓄用完后，我们都开始找工作。 More time and money given, we can finish the work in advance. 如果给予更多的时间和金钱，我们能提前完成这个工作。 五、其他形式的独立主格结构

高中英语非谓语动词用法详解及练习(含答案详解)

非谓语动词 非谓语动词（一）——动词不定式 动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能表示动作和状态，所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此也有表示主、被动的形式，同时也有自己的宾语和状语，一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语，分词短语，动名词短语)。动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语用，所以叫做非谓语动词。 （一）动词不定式：动词不定式由―to+ 动词原形‖构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。 2、动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如： （1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other. （2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的谓语动词为is，动词不定式to set up… 为表语，主语为plan，但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的）。 （3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? （4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street. （5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way. （6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. （7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语：Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too + 形容词或副词+ 动词不定式，表示―足能…‖的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now. 3、复合结构不定式：由for + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for