2019高考英语 语法突破四大篇 第三部分 专题4 数词讲义

专题4 数词

框架结构图

基数词的构成及作用

1.常用基数词表

ⅠⅡⅢ

one eleven thirty

two twelve forty

three thirteen fifty

four fourteen sixty

five fifteen seventy

six sixteen eighty

seven seventeen ninety

eight eighteen hundred

nine nineteen thousand

ten twenty million/billi

on

2.基数词构成歌诀

1至12逐个记，13至19 teen结尾。

20至90整十位，ty结尾是后缀。

要是表示“几十几”，连字符十位连个位。若要表示“几百几”，hundred之后and立。若要用于复合形容词，连字符相连不加-s。

注意：(1)hundred，thousand，million，billion等词前有基数词或several时，须用单数；与of连用时，用复数，但其前面不能再加数词。如：

six hundred people hundreds of people

(2)dozen前有具体数词修饰时，用单数，of可省略；当dozen后面接these，those，them，us等词时，须先接of，再接这些词，但dozen仍不加-s；dozens of中的of不可省。score 用法和dozen相当，但of一般不省略。

several dozen pencils dozens of students

three dozen of these eggs two dozen of them

two score of eggs scores of books

3.基数词的位置

常位于another，all之后，such，more之前，可置于last，next，other之前或之后。another two days all the ten books

one more apple two such pens

his last two days/his two last days

4.基数词的句法功能

(1)主语

Three will be enough.

(2)宾语

The city has a population of three million.

(3)表语

The population of this city is nearly two million.

(4)同位语

They two went to the cinema.

(5)定语

The river is about eight miles long.

序数词的构成及作用

1.常用序数词表

ⅠⅡⅢ

first eleventh thirtieth

second twelfth fortieth

third thirteenth fiftieth

fourth fourteenth sixtieth

fifth fifteenth seventieth

sixth sixteenth eightieth seventh seventeenth ninetieth eighth eighteenth hundredth ninth nineteenth thousandth

tenth twentieth millionth/billio

nth

注意：21以上的多位数词，只将末位数变为序数词，前面的其他位数仍用基数词。如：21st→twenty-first；22nd→twenty-second；33rd→thirty-third；100th→one hundredth 2.序数词的句法功能

(1)定语

the first day of the week

my first visit to Beijing

(2)表语

You are the first to leave.

(3)主语

The second was even worse.

(4)同位语

Tom，the first，is here.

(5)宾语

Do you prefer the first or the second?

注意：①序数词前一般要加定冠词the或形容词性物主代词。

This is the first one.

This is her second visit to Japan.

②序数词前有时可用不定冠词a，此时不强调顺序。“a＋序数词”相当于another，表示“又一个，再一个”。

You’d better try a third time.

数词的应用

1.用于构成分数、百分数、小数

one third

two thirds/two-thirds

two-fifths of the students

thirty percent of the water

six point four

注意：表示几分之几(或百分之几)的人或物时，须在分数(或百分数)和人或物之间加of。若充当主语，谓语动词的数应与of后面的名词的数保持一致。如：

Seventy percent of her income was spent on clothes.

2.倍数表达法

(1)A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B

The bag is twice as big as that one.

(2)A＋谓语＋倍数＋as many/much＋名词＋as＋B

I have twice as many books as he (does).

(3)A＋谓语＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B

This classroom is three times bigger than ours.

(4)A＋谓语＋倍数＋the size(width/length/height/depth等)＋of＋B

Your piece of bread is three times the size of mine.

注意：表达倍数时，常用half表示“一半”，用double或twice表示“两倍”，用基数词＋times表示三或三倍以上。

3.日期的表达

(1)某年：in＋数字

in 2018

(2)某月：in＋月份

in May

(3)某年某月：in＋月＋年

in May 2018

(4)某年某月某日：on＋月＋日/on＋日＋月，＋年

on May 1(st)/1(st) May,2018

4.时刻的表达

twenty-one past/after eight或eight twenty-one

four to/of nine或eight fifty-six

half past eight或eight thirty

a quarter to/of ten或nine forty-five

5.年代的表达

the early 1920s/1920’s

the early twenties

the mid-eighties

6.其他特殊表达

(1)表示“每一段时间”或“每隔……”

every three days/every fourth day

every other day

every few days

(2)表示年龄

in one’s teens

in one’s twenties

at the age of 17

He is twenty years old.

He is a man of twenty.

He is a twenty-year-old man.

(3)用于习语中

one at a time one by one ten out of ten

1.数词的拼写错误

fourty(误)→forty(正)

ninty(误)→ninety(正)

nineth(误)→ninth(正)

twentith(误)→twentieth(正)

twentieth-first(误)→twenty-first(正)

three fifth(误)→three fifths(正)

the 2th of February(误)→the 2nd of February(正)

One Thousand One Nights(误)→One Thousand and One Nights(正)

2.特殊表达中的错误

every other days(误)→every other day(正)

in his tens(误)→in his teens(正)

several dozens of them(误)→several dozen of them(正)

more two days(误)→two more days/another two days(正)

You’d better try the third time.(误)→You’d better try a third time.(正)

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1.Actually，this latest children’s version，belonging to a program titled Xiao Xigu (literally，young artists)，is in honor of the thirtieth(thirty) anniversary of the

1987 work ，praised as the most classic.(2018·安徽皖北协作区高三联考) 解析 “the＋序数词”表示特指“第几个”，故填thirtieth 。

2.I am still thankful to my uncle for teaching me to ride a bike on my ninth(nine) birthday.

(2017·东北师范大学附中模拟)

解析 句意为：我依旧感谢叔叔在我九岁生日(第九个生日)时教我学会骑自行车。 3.He missed the gold in the high jump ，but will get a second chance in the long jump.

(2012·大纲全国Ⅱ)

解析 在序数词前用a ，则表示“再次，还有”之意。

Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)

1.I am more than happy to know you got a

the

first prize in the speech contest.

(2018·湖南张家界三模)

解析 the first prize 为固定用法，意为“第一名，一等奖”，而且英语中表示顺序的序数词前一般用the 来表示顺序。所以句中的a first prize 中的a 要改为the 。

2.During the sixth

six days ，a series of English activities were organized.(2018·云

南师大附中模拟)

解析 during 后接时间段，此处表示六天，故用基数词。如果表达在第六天，则说on the sixth day 。

3.In the summer holiday following my eighteen

eighteenth

birthday ，I took driving

lessons.(2017·全国Ⅰ)

解析 表达多少岁生日用序数词，因此eighteen 应该改为eighteenth 。 4.I still remember how hard ∧

the/my first day was.(2017·全国Ⅰ)

解析 句意为：我仍然记得第一天有多艰难。表示第几天，序数词前要加定冠词the 或者用限定词进行修饰。

5.It’s a big city with a population of about 7 millions

million .(2017·河南毕业班高考适

应性练习)

解析 million 前有基数词7，须用单数。

6.I want to have a pen friend ，hopefully a girl in the

her early twenties ，and with

interests similar to mine.(2017·河南六市联考)

解析 表示不确定的年龄，用in one’s ＋逢十的基数词的复数形式。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1.There is(be) one desk and three chairs in the room.

2.—What’s the date today? —It’s the fourth(four) of July.

3.There are buses to the station every twentieth(twenty) minute.

4.She was the first woman to win(win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games.

5.In order to find a better job ，he decided to study a second foreign language. Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)

1.Two hundred dollars are

is not large for us ，and it’s easy for us to gain in two

days.

2.Every year ，million

millions

of people die from illness caused by smoking.

3.I have already got two letters from Susan this year ，and this is a

the third one.

4.We are told that Professor Chen lives on the twenty-two

twenty-second floor of this building.

5.Two-fifths of the machine

machines on display are new items.

Ⅲ.数词填空(数词专练)

There are 1.four seasons in a year ：spring ，summer ，autumn and winter.A year can also be divided into 2.twelve months.Each month is divided into 3.three periods ：the first ，the middle and the last ten-day period.Mother’s Day falls on the 4.second Sunday of May while Father’s Day on the 5.third Sunday of June every year.The 6.twelfth month of the year is December.There are 7.fifty-two complete weeks plus an extra day ，or 8.two in a year because there are 9.three hundred and sixty-five days in a common year but 10.three hundred and sixty-six days in a leap year.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

(一)

1.We can relax ourselves(we) while reading her blog.

2.That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help.In short，he’s reliable.

3.A successful learner is an independent one，who has both a determined will and amazing patience.

4.They are heading for Florida for their(they) honeymoon and plan to frame the treasured picture as soon as they get back.

5.The dictionary is what I want，but I don’t have enough money with me.

6.She did not hesitate for long；although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while，she knew that this was a present which was bound to please him(he).

7.In the end，the young men found that working hard is truly a treasure in itself.

8.The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.

9.This region is home to many species of wild flowers.

10.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on the top floor.

11.At the bad news，the woman put her hands over her eyes and cried out.

12.If you keep on writing，you will have a brighter future，likely to become a J.K.Rowling.

13.I hate it when someone makes a mess of my learning materials on my desk.

14.A woman，sitting next to the boy，discovered he was on a school trip and was told to meet his teacher at the bus stop.

15.We used to mistake that heavy objects fell faster than light ones.

(二)

16.The problem should be handled very carefully to balance the needs of people with those of nature.

17.He said it was not nice to eat meat with one’s fingers because they were not always clean.

18.The driver was at a loss when word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding.

19.He knew very well the hare ran a hundred times faster than he himself(him) did.

20.Johnny Carson began his career in television in his twenties(twenty).

21.Whether it’s your birthday or a friend or family member’s，decorating your home can be as enjoyable as the party itself(it).

22.Fresh air ，sunlight and enough physical exercise are needed for a healthy body. 23.So if you have not prepared enough ，having some indoor amusements is also a good choice ，which may be much cheaper and easier to carry out.

24.“Never mind，” I said.“At least you’ll know when your train’s late，mine(I) will be ，too.”

25.My father is stout and strong, with a severe look on his face and keen expressive eyes.

Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)

(一)

1.An accident happening in

on a rainy Sunday afternoon changed my attitude.

2.I think it ∧

a good habit that in our spare time we read more books of great use. 3.Yesterday ，one of my favorite stamps was lost ，which made me really upset.I looked for it everywhere and asked everybody in the room ，but still I couldn’t find them it .

4.To improve my grades ，I paid more attention for

to the teachers’ talking in class.

5.Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in a

an

ordinary school. 6.It is possible that some of we

us

may have a brother or sister.

7.Classes taught in English provide students for

with a better language environment.

8.For the sake of our safety and the others’ safety，we should obey the traffic rules.

9.As I was waiting ∧

for my order to come ，I noticed an old man in a wheelchair roll himself over to a table.

10.I’ve been very busy recently，for I’ve been preparing fo r ∧

the coming exam ，which is vital for me and my future life.

11.I’ve always been dreaming of having an opportunity to travel in English -speaking countries like your yours

to practise and improve my English.

12.Up to now ，he has become ∧

a member of our family and everyone has enjoyed his

company.

13.After class ，I learned from the teacher that my deskmate would have dropped out of school if she hadn’t been helped with

by

others.

14.If I have such a pen friend ，I think we can share our travelling experiences with each other ，taking care of pets ，or whatever we have something in common. 15.There was once a

an

elderly woman in a nursing home.

(二)

16.In ∧

the middle of the term ，I became one of the best players in my school. 17.I take great pride of

in this experience because it not only helps me realize that

I can achieve my potential through hard work ，but makes me know the proverb “Practice makes perfect”.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8511490383.html,st Sunday I saw a

the worst storm in years.It came suddenly and went on for over

three hours.

19.We all love those things so much that we travel thousand

thousands of miles to be around

people who love the things that we love the way that we love them.

20.I put a little oil ，salt and sugar on the steak and mixed it

them together.

21.First ，be aware of your advantages and accept you

yourself

.

22.A large number of students attended to the contest and showed their wonderful performances.

23.On the stage ，though facing great pressure ，the speakers bravely overcame it and challenged them themselves

to achieve great success.

24.Through such ∧

an activity ，we know a lot more about our students.

25.Also moving up on the list this year is spinach(菠菜)，which jumps from the eight

eighth

to the second most polluted product.

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2018·吉林长春四模)

No matter where you are，humans are constantly measuring and checking time.Some of us are good at it—planning and doing things ahead of time,1. others are always trying to beat the clock and do things at the eleventh hour.

Tardiness(拖拉) can be serious.If you 2. (be) one minute late for work，would you resign? It may sound extreme，but that is exactly 3. occurred in the UK upper chamber of parliament，the House of Lords，in January 2018.International development minister Lord Bates arrived one minute late，and，as a result，was unable to answer a 4. (schedule) question.Instead of trying 5. (make) up for lost time，as many might do，he resigned on 6. spot.He apologized for his discourtesy(无礼) and stated that he was ashamed.His resignation，though,7. (reject) by the UK prime minister.

So，how late is too late？Many cultures take punctuality very seriously.In contrast，others seem to view tardiness 8. just the normal way of things.What is considered acceptable is based on culture.That is，if you don’t mind waiting，it might be best to attend your 9. (appoint) in good time.And if the worst comes to the worst，remember the old English proverb，“10.(well) late than never.”

语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了不同文化中人们对迟到的不同看法。

1.答案while

解析考查连词。该空的前后两句话之间是对比关系，所以这里应该填连词while。

2.答案were

解析考查虚拟语气。本句是if引导的条件状语从句，即非真实条件句。此处是对现在情况的虚拟，所以这里be动词为were。

3.答案what

解析考查连接代词。本句是表语从句，从句中缺少主语，这里的主语指代的是事情，所以用what。

4.答案scheduled

解析考查形容词。在冠词a和名词question之间应该用形容词，所以把schedule变成形容词形式scheduled(预定的)。

5.答案to make

解析 考查动词不定式。固定搭配try to do sth.(努力做某事)，所以这里填to make 。 6.答案 the

解析 考查定冠词。固定短语on the spot(在现场)。句意为：他并没有像许多人那样，试图弥补失去的时间，而是当场辞职。所以这里应该填冠词the 。 7.答案 was rejected

解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据本段时态和句意可知，主语resignation 和reject 为动宾关系，故用过去时的被动形式。句意为：尽管他的辞呈被英国首相拒绝了。故用was rejected 。 8.答案 as

解析 考查介词。固定搭配view...as...把……看作……。句意为：相比之下，其他人似乎认为迟到是正常的事情。所以这里填as 。 9.答案 appointment(s)

解析 考查名词。形容词性物主代词后面应该跟名词。句意为：如果你不介意等的话，最好在合适的时间去参加你的约会。所以这里填appointment(s)。 10.答案 Better

解析 考查比较级。英语谚语“Better late than never”(迟做总比不做好)。所以这里应该填Better 。 Ⅳ.短文改错

(2018·广东深圳一调)

I woke up lately yesterday because my alarm clock didn’t ring.Wit h no time for the breakfast ，I rushed out of my house.I had intended to catch the 7：30 subway ，and I didn’t make it.Have little time left，I take a taxi instead.I arrived at the school only find ，with great sadness mixed with some relief ，that the school where should have been full of students was empty.It was Saturday.However ，our ill luck showed no sign of coming at an end.When I returned home ，I found myself lock out.I had forgotten to bring the key.Just my luck! 答案

I woke up lately

late yesterday be cause my alarm clock didn’t ring.With no time for

the breakfast ，I rushed out of my house.I had intended to catch the 7：30 subway ，and but I didn’t make it.Have Having little time left ，I take took a taxi instead.I arrived at the school only ∧

to find ，with great sadness mixed with some relief ，that the school

where

that/which

should have been full of students was empty.It was Saturday.However ，

our my ill luck showed no sign of coming at to an end.When I returned home ，I found myself lock

locked out.I had forgotten to bring the key.Just my luck!

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[剖析]include为及物动词，后面应用动名词形式作宾语。故填introducing。 全国Ⅱ]Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __63__ [典例3][2016· (be) often acceptable. [剖析]分析句子结构可知，动名词短语Leaving the less...until tomorrow作主语，故63处应为谓语动词且应用单数形式。故填is。 (二)词性转换类 词性转换多以派生词变化为主，如：形容词与副词间的相互转化形容词与名 词间的相互转化；形容词与动词间的相互转化；动词与名词间的相互转化等。其 解题步骤为： 全国Ⅰ]The title will be __63__(official)given to me at a ceremony [典例1][2016· in London. [剖析]考查副词。修饰动词应用副词形式。应填officially。 全国Ⅱ]Then，handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a [典例2][2016· real sense of __62__ (achieve)． [剖析]考查名词。介词of后应用名词作宾语。故填achievement。 特别提醒：1.括号中所给词为形容词或副词时，也有可能是考查其比较等级。 [典例1]The__68__(hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.He controls you! [剖析]分析句子结构以及根据句意可知，此处为“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构，表示“越……，就越……”，故答案为harder。 2．括号中所给词为名词时，有可能不是考查词性转换，而是考查单复数。 [典例2]．..for most of us the __69__(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river. [剖析]由定冠词the可知，此处应填名词，由谓语动词are和require可知此处 应用复数形式changes。 3．有个别空可能是词义转换题，词性不一定要变，主要是考查与词根意义相 反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-，im-等，在词根

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2019高考英语语法填空冲刺---有答案

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2014-2019年高考英语语法填空真题及答案

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(完整版)2019届高考英语语法专题突破：专题1名词

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(完整版)2019高考英语语法填空2带答案

There was a state ____61____ (call) Zhou in the Chinese history. One day, the king of Zhou asked his officials for advice on ____62____ (deal) with the prisoners of war. An official said, “If you love someone, you ____63____ (suppose) to love even the crows on the roof of his house. The prisoners of war are enemies fighting against us. In my opinion, we ____64____ (k’ill)d better them all. ” But the king didn ’t agree with him. “I think we should treat the p r i s_o_n_e_r6o5f_w_a_r_ (different) by differing them into those who are guilty and those who are not. They guilty ones will be sentenced ____66____death in order to avoid future disasters. ” Then another one said, “Your m I a t j h e i s n t k y,a l the prisoners should be set free and sent back home to work in the fields and support themselves by their own labor. ____67____, you should keep strictly the rules for reward and ____68____ (punish). The people are sure to believe in you ____69____ you govern our country be morals and laws. ” The king thought the offici al ’s proposal was quite reasonable so be accepted and followed it. As ____70____ result, the domestic situation soon settled down and gradually the country became stronger. 【答案】 61. called 62. dealing 63. are supposed 64. kill 65. differently 66. to 67. Besides/ Moreover 68. punishment 69. if 70. a Youth seems to be fading away in my We, only leaving me some unforgettable ___61___ (memory). Things that we believed would last forever had ___62___ (actual) gone in a second before we realized it. Those who we used to deeply love have now become strangers. Our once pure and beautiful dream is gradually fading away with time passing by. This is youth,___63___ is indeed an endless cycle from familiarity to strangeness and from strangeness to familiarity. Human is such a strange animal that we mostly ignore something __64___ we lose it. We __65___ (gain) a lot of things, but also we have lost a lot. We are in great effort in changing our fate and bringing more happiness to people around us. However, we soon realize it is difficult ___66___ (achieve) any of them. It is a lifelong promise. Many things would change with time and no one can guarantee eternity (永恒). So, silence becomes the best __67___ (solve) to all difficulties and hardships. The flying youth has deposited ( 沉积) too many things in our heart. Life should ___68___