英语学术论文写作 张艺未
华北科技学院
《英语学术论文写作》课程论文
设计（论文）题目：Theory of the little boy in the role of“The Old Man and the Sea”
姓名:张艺未学号:201310044425专业班级:安全B134院部:安全工程学院
任课教师:葛东峰
2016年4月25日
Table of Contents Abstract (2)
1.Introduction (3)
2.The roles of the boy in The Old man and the Sea (3)
2.1Helping show the old man’s pressure (3)
2.2Offering a method to perform the old man’grace (4)
2.3The little boy is the best complement to the old man‘s character (5)
3.The roles in moving and inspiring readers (5)
3.1The little boy’s emotion (5)
3.2The little boy’s sympathy in the static stage (5)
4.Conclusion (6)
Works Cited (6)
Theory of the little boy in the role
of“The Old Man and the Sea”
Abstract:The Old Man and the Sea tells the frustrated experience that the old fisherman fishes in the course.The theme is deep,and it is a song of praise of heroism.“But man is not made for defeat.A man can be destroyed but not defeated”has been the classic saying and the old man also has been the most typical and the most representative of the Hemingway’s“tough guy”.When Hemingway talked about the successful factors later,the little boy was mentioned in the same breath with the old man.
This paper starts with the details and it is divided into two main parts to discuss the indispensable roles of the little boy in the novel.It is him who helps to perform the theme of“grace under pressure”:during40 days,the old man with the little boy went to fish but without taking a fish,when his situation was getting worse step by step,the little boy’s leaving was the heavy pressure that achieved the extreme stern for certain.However,it was so“heavy pressure”that his manner was graceful when the old man faced afterwards defeat and his optimistic,generous life attitude was worthy tasting by people carefully;it is him who plays the role of leading,inspiring to the readers,and increasing the appeal of the work,enriching the content of the work:although the little boy appears only at the beginning and the ending in the novel,there is nothing in his inner state but the old man,so his attitude and emotions towards the old man affects the readers’emotions for the old man quietly and gradually.And it is unavoidable that his inner feeling leads and impacts the readers’emotions.
Key words:roles;the little boy;the old man;grace under pressure;The Old Man and the Sea.
摘要
《老人与海》讲述了老渔夫捕鱼过程中的坎坷经历，主题深刻，是一部英雄主义的赞歌。“一个人不是生来就要被打败的，你可以消灭他，但就是打不败他。”已经成为至理名言，老人也成为海明威式“硬汉子”的最典型、最完美的代表。当海明威谈到小说成功的因素时，曾颇为自得地将小男孩与老人相提并论。
本文拟从有关细节入手，分析讨论小男孩在《老人与海》中所起的微妙且不可或缺的作用：是他帮助表现了“重压下的优雅风度”这一主题：在老人84天没有捕到鱼，处境一步步恶化的厄运中，小男孩的离去无疑让老人的“重压”达到了极度严峻的地步，然而正是由于如此的“重压”，老人后来面对
失败时的态度才可谓“优雅”，所表现的大度、乐观的人生态度才值得人们仔细地品味；是他对读者发挥着一定的牵引、打动和启发作用，从而增强了作品的感染力，丰富了作品的内涵：孩子虽然只出现在小说的首尾两处，但是孩子的内心世界里别无他物，只有老人，他对老人的态度和感情潜移默化地左右着读者对老人的感受，他的内心情感无可避免地要牵动影响着读者的情绪。
关键词：作用；小男孩；老人；重压下的优雅风度；《老人与海》
1.Introduction
Before1952,Hemingway has met the cold shoulder and attack in the sector which lasts for nearly a decade.To rescue the declining reputation,he publishes a new work,that is,The Old Man and the Sea.He believes firmly that it is the best work he can write in his lifetime. William Faulkner considers it as the most excellent work in this generation.Because of this work Hemingway wins the Pulitzer in1952and the Nobel Prize for literature in1954which push his writing career to the peak.
The Old Man and the Sea is so important to Hemingway and the American literature that there are lots of comments about it.But the research on the little boy,Mandolin,is minimal.It seems that his role is irrelevant and unimportant to the novel.In fact,the appearance of the little boy is the emergence of a coincidence according to his role in the work.
Hemingway published a piece of communication entitled On the Blue Water in the Esquire in April,1936.The Old Man and the Sea is written on the basic of the material.In the middle of the novel,we can always feel the existence of the boy,because the old man thinks of the little boy for more than ten times during the three intense and arduous days.Moreover, when Hemingway talked about the factors of the novel’s success later,the little boy is mentioned in the same breath with the old man that he is lucky to have a good old man and a little boy,and some writers have forgotten these things recent.This shows Hemingway lays his artistic creativity and ingenuity on the little boy.So the little boy’s role in this novel is worthy being considered by critics and readers.
2.The roles of the boy in The Old man and the Sea
2.1Helping show the old man’s pressure
One of the brightest spots in The Old Man and the Sea is the perfect expression of Hemingway’s quality of grace under pressure,which is composed of two factors:pressure and grace.And pressure is the premise:only under the background of pressure will the hero have the elegant manners in the real significance.These two factors are mostly shown by the little boy.To show pressure,Hemingway describes the background of the story in four levels by picturing the details when the little boy leaves the old man.In this way,he stresses the heavy pressure at the very beginning of the novel,which lays a necessary premise and an atmosphere for the so-called grace.To show the grace,Hemingway describes several details when the old man gets together with the little boy under the pressure at the beginning and the end of the novel,drawing the image and targets in describing the image of the old man.
First is the heavy pressure.The first sentence of this novel accounts the difficulties that the old man faced:the old man has been futile for84days.This is of course,sympathetic to people,but it is not enough to arouse people’s sympathy only by a number and the pressure it stated is also ambiguous.What’s more,the manners later discussed is difficult to move the readers and the novel’s depth will be affected while it is difficult to make a clear sense through a few words and the old man’s alone appearing in the novel.So Hemingway gives a considerable description of the little boy in order to set off a gradual deterioration situation of the old man.In this increasing pressure,the old man’s failure is particular tragic,and the manner of the old man to the failure is elegant.
Hemingway’s story has once been accused that the scenes are too narrow.But not all the literary works must pursue a grand scene.Here Hemingway put a lonely old man into a confined environment in order to match the hero’s real situation.What’s more,although the scene is limited,it can also show the author’s originality if he may arrange the content well in this limited scene.It is thus method that makes the beginning of the novel more wonderful. Here Hemingway uses a unique scent way to sympathy to his hero.We can fell his sympathy for the people with deserves sympathy.This is Hemingway’s style.
2.2Offering a method to perform the old man’s grace
Pressure has been stated,but how the old man’s grace is performed vividly in the novel, it is not exact to say that the grace is only lies in the brave and tenacity in his fight with fish. Grace is not a simple or notional thing but always reflected in people’s inner and external behaviors especially in facing with difficulties,while the boy in this novel offers an important way to represent the old man’s grace.
Although,the old man lives under a heavy pressure,he always has a natural and unaffected attitude.The child has learnt fishing skills following the old man when he was5 years old.And now the old man is at low ebb in his life and is trapped by bad luck,but the child leaves him and gets a great success in another boat.If this happens on others,even they do not hate the child,there will be an unbalance in their heart.But the old man shows his broad mind and understanding.He says to the boy:“I know you leave me not because you do not believe me.”When the little boy leaves him at his parents’order and catches another boat, the old man says:“I know,it is quite normal.”Having no result after three days hard working but when he is told that the boy has a harvest every day in these days,however,he does not feel any unpleasant at all.Instead,he feels happy for him and remarks“very good”immediately.In addition,although the old man is isolate and unlucky,he is not in a spirit of sensitive to the concern of others.By contrary,he accepts the boy’s care calmly.He does not take it for granted that students ought to care teachers,but views the child as his peer and partner.The little boy also worries about if the old man has become over-sensitive in such an embarrassed situation.Therefore,he asks tentatively whether the old man is willing to drink a cup of beer with him or not.And the old man agreed:“why not?”“Between fishermen”While they are drinking,many fishermen laugh at the old man,but he does not become angry.After drinking,the old man says to the boy:“you bought me a beer.”“You are already a man.”These details show that the old man is reasonable,amiable and kind-hearted as well as has a natural and healthy life attitude.His understanding for life has reached a simple and natural
realm.This is the grace.
Secondly,the old man has another minute side in his character.Actually,the old man is the model of Hemingway’s“tough guy”,but it does not mean that he is a stubborn fool or dumb cow.Let us see how he wakes the child up in the morning.“He took told of one foot gently and held it until the boy woke and turned and looked at him”[12],but his warmth does not affect his image of“tough guy”at all.On the contrary,the background of standing great pressure in spirit just makes the old man’s grace keeping in the balance of hard and soft.The old man has a confident and optimistic life attitude in the novel.
2.3The little boy is the best complement to the old man’s character
As for Hemingway’s“tough guy”,some critics pointed out that as the heroic manner is too conspicuous,which determined their actions is quite obvious and sometimes it caused the figures thinking abstract and isolated.However,in The Old Man and the Sea,the image of the old man is entire because the author arranges a little boy purposely and describes him in a great deal of details.Thus,the grace of the old man becomes more realistic and vivid,which of course should be attributed to the existence of the little boy.
3.The roles in moving and inspiring readers
In this novel,the second important role of the boy is that he leads and inspires the readers.Hemingway’s direct describing of the little boy does not only reveal the boy’s simple and complex emotion towards the old man,but also portray the boy’s personality in order to enhance the effective of the work and rich the content of the work.
3.1The little boy’s emotion
In The Old Man and the Sea,in a certain extent,especially at the beginning and the end of the novel,the boy is much close to the readers than the old man.So the boy’s feeling is inevitable to lead and impact the readers`emotion.There is nothing in the boy’s inner state but the old man.His attitude and emotions towards the old man affects the readers`emotion for the old man quietly and gradually.So Carlos Baker once said that the boy has a role to make people pay more sympathy to the old man.Because at the beginning and the end of the novel,we see the old man in the boy’s eyes which fills with respect and sympathy.But in fact, the boy’s respect and sympathy towards the old man is not static in his inner state ode mind. His emotion goes along a deeper and deeper trajectory which is from sympathy to heartache; and such kind of feeling becomes stronger and stronger,at last rising to the peak and bursting out,“he started to cry”[16].The fluctuations of the boy’s inner world affect the readers’emotion unknowingly.The emotional changes of the boy can be divided into3stages.
3.2The little boy’s sympathy in the static stage
The boy’s sympathy for the old man is very simple and plain:“the old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him”[17].The boy remains concerned about the old man
after getting lucky in another boat.He can not feel happy even when he gets achieves quite good grades because of the old man’s hardship,which reflects the boy’s sincere emotion for the old man.It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty.He wants to return to the old man.After the old man’s several rejections,he still wants to help the old man to do something.It is uncomfortable that the boy’s deep and simple emotion has branded deeply in the mind of the readers by the first impression.
4.Conclusion
From the above discussion,we can see that the little boy is essential to the novel in two aspects:in helping to show the old man’s so-called“grace under pressure”and to move and inspire the readers.It is not exaggerated to say that the work could not be the work we see now without the child.The image of the child is clear and discernible in readers’mind,the more description of the boy,the stronger feeling we feel of the old man.The boy is just like the snow at the top of the mountain.The mountain becomes deeper and more valiant because of the existence of the snow.The old man is like the mountain,it is unnecessary for him to talk too much,because the readers can feel him when they read the little boy.
Works Cited
1.Burhans Jr..S.Clinton.“The Old Man and the Sea:Hemingway’s Tragic Vision of Man,”in Ernest Hemingway:Critiques of Four Major Novels,ed.Carlos.Baker.Charles Scribner’s Sons,New York,1962,p.155.
2.Carlos.Baker.Hemingway:The Writer as Artist,Princeton University Press,Princeton, 1972,p.309
3.Ernest Hemingway.“The Old Man and the Sea,Carlos.Scribner’s sons”,New York,World Publishing Corporation,Beijing,1989
4.Kenneth Graham.“commentary”in York Notes:The Old Man and the Sea.Beijing:World Publishing Corporation,Beijing,1991
5.K Singer.“Hemingway:Life and Death of A Giant”.Holloway House Publishing company[M],1963
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《英语学术论文写作》课程标准 课程名称：英语学术论文写作 课程类别：专业必修课 教学学时：32（理论） 课程学分：2 先行课程：基础英语，英语写作等 适用专业：英语专业 参考教材：1、《英语专业学术论文写作手册》，外语教育与研究出版社，2006年2月（主编：周开鑫） 2、《英语学术论文写作实用教程》，苏州大学出版社，2012年10月（主编：陈新仁） 3、《实用英语学术论文写作》，对外经贸大学出版社，2014年9月（主编：刘宇红） 4、《英语学术论文写作教程》，西南交通大学出版社，2014年12月（主编：李向武） 一、课程性质 《英语学术论文写作》是英语专业课程中的一门必修课。该课程着眼于培养学生发现问题，分析问题和解决问题的能力，通过指导学生选题可以培养学生的发现问题能力；通过指导学生搜集、整理资料可以培养学生分析问题的能力；通过撰写，修改论文可以培养学生解决问题的能力。本课程按照学术论文写作一般顺序：选题，搜集、整理资料，撰写大纲，撰写论文，修改论文，答辩等环节，系统讲授学术论文写作的基本方法和规范。学生通过对该课程的系统学习，不仅可以掌握学术论文写作的基本技巧和方法，而且可以为毕业论文的写作做好准备，为将来从事科研工作打好基础。 二、课程目标 开设该课程的目标是为了系统地对高校外语专业学生进行科学研究方面基本知识的传授和基本技能的训练，以提高高校外语专业学生的科研素质，锻炼他们运用所学专业知识观察、分析、解决实际问题的能力，以及撰写学术论文、表达学术见解、推进学科发展等其他能力，并为即将开始的毕业论文写作做好充分的知识准备。 三、教学内容及学时分配 课程内容包括论文的选题，资料搜集，毕业论文提纲的拟定，毕业论文的撰写、修改与答辩等。 该课程安排在第六学期，每周2个学时，总学时为32学时。教学具体安排如下：
英语学术论文写作实践作业
英语学术论文写作实践作业 作者 系（院）外国语学院 专业英语 年级2xxx级 学号 写作意向 旅游的快速发展以及随着中国融入全球化经济，中国与世界各国的交流不断增多，例如，加入WTO、2008年北京成功举办奥运会及上海世博会等，这些显示了中国在国际舞台上扮演越来越重要的角色。近些年来，越来越多的国家希望了解中国，许多外国朋友纷至沓来。特别是中国旅游风景名胜区，每年接待的外国游客越来越多。为了方便外国友人，我国旅游景区就必须提供英语景点导游词。旅游景点导游词主要指的是旅游景区公开和面对旅游者的告示、指示、提示、警示、标示等文字及图形信息，涉及到食、宿、行、游、娱、购等日常生活的方方面面。在旅游景区内，游客最为集中，与旅游宣传册、地图、宣传单等相比，景点导游词更加引人注目集中，更加直截了当地发挥其信息指示功能。由于旅游景点导游词需要及时满足的是社会公众和旅游者的直接社会、行为和心理需求，也反映了生活在这个社会群体的整体文化素质、道德修养和精神面貌，是一个国家对外交流水平和人文环境的具体体现。因此其翻译质量将会响到游客的旅游线路、兴致、感受及印象，进而间接影响我国旅游业的发展。因此，对旅游景点导游词的特点、翻译策略进行探讨具有一定的现实意义。 资料的初步整理 对于英语景点导游词，许多中外学者都做出自己的研究，提出自己的观点。以下是中外学术界的众多研究和观点。 蔡媛媛（2007）《英语景点导游词的语言特点》一文中指出，英语景点导游词具有相应的功能特点。（1）指示性。指示性景点导游词主要是提供给公众一些信息服务，没有任何限制或强制在内，同时也不强制要求公众采取任何行动，其功能只是指示服务内容。因此，指示性景点导游词也被称为指导性或引导性景点导游词。这也是景点导游词最基本、最主要的功能。例如：One Way （单行线）、Tickets （售票处）、Department Store （百货商场）。（2）提示性。提示性景点导游词提示性景点导游词提醒公众注意某些事情，同时提示性景点导游词也并不针对特殊或个别人群。这类景点导游词应用非常广泛，通过提示性景点导游词可以了解什么该做什么不该做，但是这种提示性景点导游词并不具有强制性，公众可根据实际情况来选择执行或不执行。例如：Caution！Radiation（当心射线）、Watch Your Hand（当心夹手）、Don’t Touch（请勿手扶）。（3）限制性。限制性景点导游词对有关公众提出限制或约束的要求，希望有关公众为了大众的利益遵守一定的规则。多数情况下限制性景点导游词语气较为直接，一目了然，但不会让人感到强硬、粗暴或无理。例如：Athletes Only （运动员专用通道）、Large Vehicles Keep Right （大型车靠右）。（4）强制性。强制性景点导游词对有关公众有较大约束力，要求有关公众必须或不得采取任何行动或严格遵守规则。这类景点导游词的语言直接、强制，没有任何商量的余地。例如：No Parking （禁止停车）。 上面是学者对景点导游词特点的研究，对于翻译，颜莉（2008）《英语景点导游词的文体特点及汉英翻译》一文中说到，在进行景点导游词的汉英翻译前，应先了解英语景点导游词的文体特点，这样才能更加准确地将汉语景点导游词译为地道的英语表达方式。代博君（2010）在《景点导游词的语言特征及翻译策略》一文中指出，景点导游词的翻译应属于实用翻译，也称语用翻译。法国翻译理论家Jean Delisle 将语用翻译界定为：运用语用学知识对语用文
研究生英语学术论文写作基础杨炳钧参考答案 (1)
《研究生英语学术论文写作基础》教师参考 作者：杨炳钧 复旦大学出版社，2009年 第一部分学术论文基本构件及其写法 课前准备 【提示】该环节可以让学生充分表达自己的看法，对错可以先不判定，本章学完之后再回过头加以分析。 1) The Methods of Improve your Oral English in Native Chinese-speaking School 【解答】首先，这个标题有语法错误和大小写错误，应当修改为The Methods of Improving Your Oral English in Native Chinese-speaking School；其次，其中的代词your用得不合适，因为它是一种对话口吻，一般不适宜于学术论文；另外，标题中一般尽可能不用功能词，即介词、冠词、连词等。如果要改进这个标题，可以表达为Methods of Improving College Students’ Oral English in China等。 2) The study of Chinese Teaching in Thailand Overseas School 【解答】该标题修饰关系不清，大小写有误，study等多余。可以改进为Teaching Chinese in Schools in Thailand等。 3) A New Opportunity to the moral development of rural left-behind children
【解答】该标题大小写有误；new的用法值得考虑，因为除非已经有所谓的opportunity，否则就没有什么new；修饰关系也有问题，尤其是to用得不对。可以改进为Opportunity for the Moral Development of Left-behind Children in Rural Regions等。 4) The H2O2-biosensor based on PVP and Nano-Au 【解答】这个标题相对较好，但大小写还有问题，冠词多余，限定不够明确。可以修改为Developing H2O2-biosensor Based on PVP and Nano-Au等。 5) The identification of PCV2 Gene 【解答】该标题主要毛病是冠词多余，限定不够。如果是研究如何辨别，那么可以修改为How to identify PCV2 Gene?或Identifying PCV2 Gene等。 6) advantages and challenges of electroplating on Magnesium alloys 【解答】这个标题的问题是大小写不规范。应当修改为Advantages and Challenges of Electroplating on Magnesium Alloys等。 7) The impact of threatening information on pain recover time 【解答】按照英式大小写，该标题大小写是规范的，但recover的修饰关系不明确；另外，冠词the可以省略。修改为Impact of threatening information on pain recovery time或Impact of Threatening Information on Pain Recovery Time等。 8) The Issues of Copyright in Cyber-space 【解答】这个标题相对较好，没太大问题。可以把the省略。 9) Research on student’s achievement assessment in mathematics.
学术论文写作英语总结
学术论文写作课程总结 科研的进步在于科研工作之间交流，讨论，阅读。在第一节课，老师就告诉我们，面对全球众多的科研工作者来说，本领域学者之间的交流多以文字的形式进行。英语作为世界各国人们交流的一种流通语言，让那些非英语为母语和以英语为母语国家的科研人员不会对我们投稿的英语学术论文所要表达的内容产生歧义，才能达到学术交流与进步的目的。 在本次的英语学术论文写作课程学习中，我们组经历了第一次的细致分工，到以后的分工与合作相结合的进步。由于我的研究方向为InSAR监测矿区，在本次论文写作中主要负责我们‘空天地一体化矿区环境灾害监测’中D-InSAR监测矿区部分的实验以及数据分析的工作。同时，在小组汇报的过程中共同进行了第一部分Introduction 部分的汇报，完成了Authors and Keywords部分PPT的制作与汇报工作。从选择汇报PPT模板、搜集资料、总结资料，再到最后制作修改完成终稿，最后是台下的汇报演练，每个步骤的实践经历都给了我弥足珍贵的经验。 回首这学期本门课程的学习，我发现自己在慢慢地积累中有了很多的收获。首先，作为一个学制只有2年的工程硕士，在本学期已经完成了自己学位论文的开题工作，在下一个学期就要着手于自己学位论文的撰写工作。无论是发表期刊论文，还是撰写自己的学位论文，插入、添加参考文献都曾经是写作的一大难题。本次课程老师给我们介绍了几款文献管理器（Noteexpress，Endnote）。通过对文献管理器软件的学习与使用，让我熟悉了文献管理器，在本学期的其他专业课程中的论文写作中已经可以熟练使用，极大的方便了论文写作。其次，语料库的检索分析，制定自己论文写作方向，都对我的论文写作有着十分重要的作用。 接着就是自己关于学术论文写作方面的收获。从第一节课开始，老师给我们写学术论文的正确态度，给初入学术写作的我论文写作方面奠定了很好的基础。原来对英语论文的态度就是从中文的论文通过翻译软件直接进行翻译。在本次课程中，我们在老师的带领下，通过小组合作的形式，对introduction，methodology,results,conclusion等几个论文的主体部分，以及title，authors,abstract，keywords进行了细致的学习，理解了每个部分在论文中所起到的作用，以及写作这些部分的英文论文的时候所需要注意的时态语法主语人称等方面的问题。也让我明白，英语学术论文的写作，不应该是简单的中译英，而更重要的是自己的学术内容与思想能够清晰而又高效的传达出来，进而实现学术交流与提高的作用。
英文学术报告怎么写
英文学术报告怎么写？ 学术报告尤其是英文学术报告的写作对于中国学生来说是一个薄弱环节，反之，国外的教育对此则相当重视。去国外学习，各种课程都可能要求你写报告，特别是商业、科学或技术类学科。依据内容及导师要求的不同，报告的形式可能有所差别，但是写作的过程却是相似的。美联英语学习网向您介绍英文学术报告怎么写？ 学术报告（academic report or paper）的写作包括阅读，思考，针对一个学术课题进行案例分析及写作，总体来说就是为了让你的读者以新的眼光来看待该课题。大学的学术报告与你之前所做过的其他类型的报告（如高中时期为完成老师布置的作业而写的报告）的不同之处在于，它既陈述了研究事实，又提出了你自己的推论。 写作过程指导： 1. 研究及总结（Research and Summarize） 研究所选的课题，找出针对课题的“who（谁），what（什么），when（何时），why（为什么）及how（如何）”的答案。总结收集到的信息，清楚自己所掌握的，评估自己所不知道的，以便专注于进一步的研究方向。列出一个参考书目来引用并避免抄袭。 阅读原始文献及补充信息并考虑关于课题的历史或流行观点。思考每篇文章的要点同时注意它们的共性。缩小你的课题范围这样你就可以准备写一篇充满智慧的报告了。 2．定义结构（Define the Structure） 定义报告的结构并将你的论点串联成一个连贯的推理。依据报告的主题制定一个大纲。以这种方式组织你的观点可以帮助你看到各个观点之间的关系。
大纲中的所标题结构要统一。例如如果你的第一个标题以一个行为动词（action verb）开头，那么所有其他标题都应该以行为动词开头。副标题（Sub-heading）应该包含支撑大标题的细节。重组你的大纲直到它能清晰的反映一个思想逻辑流程。 3. 写正文（Write your paper） 学术报告通常包含五个部分:标题页，引言（包含论文主题），背景信息，关于论点及结论的细节，陈述支持或反对某个特点观点的争论。 用辅助段落来讲述一个故事，提供一个观察的视角，描述一个过程，定义意义，对思想进行分类，比较和对比观点，类推或解释为什么这种现象会发生。提供证据，陈述假设并适当添加个人观点使论文连贯、清晰易懂。确保每段都有足够的结束语及过渡句。在学术报告中尽量减少使用个人代词如“我”。 4. 校对（Proofread） 打印并大声朗读报告来检查错误。保证报告没有语法及格式错误。 至此一篇英文学术报告就完成了，当然在做报告之前还要加强学术英语的学习，背诵一些相关专业的词汇和术语，并尽量多阅读一些英文的专业文献，做好基本功。
学术论文写作教学大纲
《学术论文写作》教学大纲 一、课程说明 1. 课程代码：1 2. 课程中文名称：学术论文写作 3. 课程英文名称：Academic Thesis Writing 4. 课程总学时数：16 5. 课程学分数：1 6. 授课对象：英语专业四年级学生 7. 本课程的性质、地位和作用 本课程是《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》中规定的必修课，也是我院针对英语专业四年级学生开设的一门专业选修课，在学科体系中居重要地位。本课程有利于培养学生进行科学研究的能力，并帮助、指导学生顺利完成毕业论文写作。毕业论文写作是大学英语专业教学计划中一个不可缺少的部分和实践环节，是考查学生综合能力、评估学业成绩的一个重要方式，是高校英语专业教学质量评估的重要内容。毕业论文写作的优劣决定学生毕业时可否被授予学士学位。本课程可以培养学生的科研创新意识、严谨工作态度，良好学术道德，锻炼学生的思维组织能力，训练学生的语言运用能力，激活学生的知识输出与输入。通过教学，使学生了解毕业论文的写作要求和撰写规范，知道，并掌握写作论文的方法。 二、教学基本要求 1. 本课程的目的、任务 本课程的教学目的在于培养学生撰写毕业论文的能力，要求学生对文献材料有一定的综合分析能力、并能用自己的语言表达个人观点和意见，同时还要求学生学会正确地引用他人的观点，避免有意或无意的抄袭现象。本课程的任务是使学生了解从选题、文献调研、资料分析、列提纲、起草、修改到编辑的写作基本方法和基本技能，了解毕业论文开题报告、文献综述、摘要、引言、正文、结语的写作方法及文献引用方法等，为学生毕业论文写作提供指导和帮助，对学生进行基本的科研能力训练，培养学生的创新意识及独立思维、科学探索的能力。
英语论文如何选题
英语论文如何选题 论文作为学科科研成果的主要形式, 既能反映出该项成果的价值和功效, 又能反映出作者的科研水平和能力, 是衡量作者学术水平高低的重要标志, 英语论文同样如此。而选题是撰写论文的第一步, 选择课题的恰当与否, 常常关系到整个研究的成功与否。在广大教研人员和教师的写作实践中, 常常会碰到一些论文由于选题的失当而无法继续的情况,可见选题的重要性。 一、选题的重要性 选题是论文所要重点论述的事项或解答的问题。是撰写论文的第一步, 也是关键的一步, 决定着论文的价值, 也关系着学术研究的成败。正确选题的重要性主要表现在以下几个方面: ( 一) 选题的方向正确与否直接影响到论文撰写能否顺利进行, 完成质量如何, 甚至对于我们今后所要钻研的学科领域的进一步发展也会有很大的影响。正确恰当的选题可以保证写作的顺利进行, 可避免南辕北辙的错误。 ( 二) 选题主要解决了论文写什么的问题, 正确的选题确定了论文的撰写目标和范围, 因此可以使我们在一定的范围内收集材料, 整理材料, 以避免无目的无范围的盲目阅读与研究, 可以避免时间和精力的浪费, 并能在有限的时间内高效率地完成高质量的论文。 ( 三) 选题直接影响论文的质量。选题不好、不恰当会浪费时间和精力, 影响撰写的速度, 还有可能会使论文的撰写走入死胡同, 无法继续进行下去, 最终只能草草了事, 写出的论文质量不可能高。甚至很有可能使教师无法顺利完成论文。反之, 恰当的选题则为写出高质量的论文打下良好的基础。 ( 四) 选题有利于提高研究能力。选题是研究工作实践的第一步, 选题需要积极思考, 需要具备一定的研究能力, 在开始选题到确定题目的过程中, 需要钻研专业知识, 慢慢学会收集、整理、查阅资料等研究工作的方法, 并要对已学的专业知识反复认真地思考, 然后从某一层面或某一角度深化对问题的认识。从而使从事学术研究的各种能力得到初步的锻炼提高。 由此可见, 正确选题至关重要, 它是论文成败的关键, 难怪有人说,选对了题等于完成了一半。
研究生英语学术论文写作考试大概图文稿
研究生英语学术论文写 作考试大概 集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
Ⅰ. Gone up → increased set up →established Put up with → tolerate looking into →investigating Figure out → determine put into practice → implement Come up with → developed make up →constitute Get rid of → eliminate keep up →maintain Gone down → decrease thinking →considering Ⅱ. Structure of Data Commentary Data commentaries usually has these elements in the following order. 1.location elements and/or summary statements 2.highlighting statements 3.discussions of implications,problems,exceptions,recommendations,or other interesting aspects of the data
可能涉及到排序题，有例如下： ①A computer virus is a program that is specifically and maliciously designed to attack a computer system,destroying data.②As business have become inceasingly dependent on computers,e-mail,and the Internet,concern over the potential destructiveness of such viruses has also grown.③Table X shows the most common sources of infection for U.S. businesses.④As can be seen, in a great majority of cases,the entry point of the virus infection can be detected,with e-mail attachments being responsible for nearly 9 out of 10 viruses.⑤This very high percentage is increasingly alarming,especially since with a certain amount of caution such infections are largely preventable.⑥In consequence,e-mail users should be wary of all attachments,even thoes from a trusted colleague or a known sender.⑦In addition,all computers used for e-mail need to have a current version of a good antivirus progarm whose virus definitions are updated regularly.⑧While it may be possible to lessen the likelihood of downloading an infected file,businesses are still vulnerable to computer virus problems because of human error and the threat of new,quickly spreading viruses that cannot be identified by antivvirus software.
2020智慧树知道网课《英语学术论文写作》课后章节测试满分答案
第一章测试 1 【判断题】(5分) Peopledoresearchinordertohaveabetterunderstandingofourworld. A. 对 B. 错 2 【判断题】(5分) Wedon’tneedtobecreativeinresearchasanyresearchisbasedonevidences. A. 错 B. 对 3 【判断题】(5分)
Goodresearchquestionsareimportantinresearch. A. 错 B. 对 4 【判断题】(5分) Literaturereviewisneededinsomeresearchpapers. A. 对 B. 错 5 【判断题】(5分) Agoodresearchpaperneedscarefulrevisingandproofreading. A. 错
B. 对 6 【判断题】(5分) Unintentionalplagiarismcanbeexcusedasitisnotcommitteddeliberately. A. 对 B. 错 7 【判断题】(5分) Academicfalsificationisonecommontypeofacademicdishonesty. A. 对 B. 错
8 【多选题】(5分) Whatroledoesaliteraturereviewplayinaresearchpaper? A. Itenhancesthecredibilityofyourpaper. B. Itprovestheexistenceofaresearchgap. C. Itsynthesizestheexistingstudiesinyourarea. D. Itprovidesevidencesforyourargument. 9 【单选题】(5分) WhichofthefollowingisNOTanessentialstepinaresearchpaperwriting? A. Choosingatopic
英文学术论文写作技巧(写作常用句型)
英文学术论文写作技巧（常用句型） 用英语写学术论文的目的主要有两个，一是参加国际学术会议，在会议上宣讲，促进学术交流；二是在国际学术刊物上发表，使国外同行了解自己的研究成果，同样也是出于学术交流的目的。不同的学科或领域、不同的刊物对论文的格式有不同的要求，但各个领域的研究论文在文体和语言特点上都有许多共性。了解了这些语言共性，便会起到触类旁通的作用。 对我国青年学者或学生来说，用英语写作的难点不是没有写作材料，不是不熟悉专业词汇，也不是没有打下良好的英语基础。用英语写论文难，是因为不太了解学术英语的语言特点。关于学术英语写作的语言技巧，我们已在第一部分作了较详细的介绍。此部分讨论学术论文写作的方法，包括学术论文写作中常用的句型结构，我们都在此作较详细介绍，以便读者模仿练习，将写作工作化难为易。 一般来说，一篇完整规范的学术论文由以下各部分构成： Title(标题) Abstract(摘要) Keywords(关键词) Table of contents(目录) Nomenclature(术语表) Introduction(引言) Method(方法) Results(结果) Discussion(讨论) Conclusion(结论) Acknowledgement(致谢) Reference(参考文献) Appendix(附录) 其中Title，Abstract，Introduction，Method，Result，Discussion，
Conclusion，Reference等八项内容是必不可少的(其他内容根据具体需要而定)。在这八项内容中，读者最多的是Title，Abstract和Introduction部分，读者会根据这些内容来决定是否阅读全文。也就是说，一篇研究论文赢得读者的多少，在很大程度上取决于Title，Abstract和Introduction写得好坏。因此这三项内容将各分章详细加以讲述。 学术论文的正文一般包括Method，Result，Discussion三个部分。这三部分主要描述研究课题的具体内容、方法，研究过程中所使用的设备、仪器、条件，并如实公布有关数据和研究结果等。Conclusion是对全文内容或有关研究课题进行的总体性讨论。它具有严密的科学性和客观性，反映一个研究课题的价值，同时提出以后的研究方向。 标题的写法 论文标题是全文内容的缩影。读者通过标题便能够预测论文的主要内容和作者的意图，从而决定是否阅读全文。因此，为了使文章赢得有关领域里众多的读者，论文的标题必须用最精炼的语言恰如其分地体现全文的主题和核心。本章主要探讨英语学术论文标题的语言特点及写法。 6.1 标题的长度 标题单词总数名词数介词数形容词等 1) Fire Resistant Steels for Construction: Design, Properties and Microchemistry 9 6 1 2 2) Damping Capacity of Shape Memory Alloy 6 5 1 0 3) Microelectronic Assembly and Packaging Technology: Barriers and Needs 8 5 0 3 14) Solid Oxide Fuel Cell: A Survey 6 4 0 2 5) Progress on Fuel Cell and Its Materials 7 4 1 2 6) Computer Simulation and Experimental Study on Cold Shut During Mold Filling 11 5 2 4 英语科技论文中，标题不宜过长，大多为8—12个单词左右。表6.1和表6.2 列出了一些学术论文的标题的字数及词性统计资料。 表6.1 学术论文标题中字数及词性统计(一) 标题单词总数名词数介词数形容词等
学术论文写作课程期末试题
班级：英语2班学号：2010103060 姓名：曹慧娟 Title: （10points) An Analysis of Jane Eyre’s Love Value Literature Review: (20points) Jane Eyre ranks as one of the greatest and most perennially popular works of English fiction. Xie xiulong thought that In his eyes.the love value of Jane is freedom,equality,dignity and true love.Although the poor but plucky heroine is outwardly of plain appearance, she possesses an indomitable spirit, a sharp wit and great courage. She is forced to battle against the exigencies of a cruel guardian, a harsh employer and a rigid social order.Besides,in the view of Jiang hua modern woman must be strengthen,brave and gentle owing to Jane Eyre .However,all of which circumscribe her life and position when she becomes governess to the daughter of the mysterious, sardonic and attractive Mr Rochester. there is great kindness and warmth in this epic love story, which is set against the magnificent backdrop of the Yorkshire moors.,the opinion of Zhao yuhua,Henan Jiaozuo University professor.Denglan thought that this novel has expressed a kind of religious love value,namely,penetration in the secular Christian ideas and ethical color with Christ. Different people from diverse backgrounds have different views about the love value of Jane Eyre,in my opinion,this novel has expressed the female consciousness ,rebellion,and the growth of woman.This incredible lady in her beloved story has carried on through the centuries to inspire all its readers. Abstract: (20points) Nineteenth Century England was characterized by unique moral, political, and social beliefs. In turn, such beliefs shaped how individuals viewed such things as marriage and class divisions. Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre can be seen as a snapshot in history, a social commentary which subtly reveals a distaste for traditional Victorian beliefs. .Jane Eyre is the main character in the novel named Jane by Charlotte Bronte.She is but a fictional character,and in our hearts she will stay.This incredible lady in her beloved story has carried on through the centuries to inspire all its readers.The novel follows the life of Jane Eyre from childhood through adolescence and adulthood. She is portrayed as a female heroine who oversteps the gender and class barriers of her time to pursue and secure her own happiness. Outline: (30points) Introduction: The thesis discusses the love value of Jane Eyre. Jane Eyre is Charlotte’s best literary production.In writing it, the author drew a great deal from her own life-experience. The novel show us a new woman on 19th century in England. The purpose of the thesis: This thesis aims at Jane Eyre’s sense of love. Under her rebellion and self-respect, she literally has got a fiery heart for her love.Jane Eyre is the main character in the novel named Jane by Charlotte Bronte.She is but a fictional character,and in our hearts she will stay.The thesis discusses from the character of female,the formation of this novel and the meaning of the value. Chapter 1 .Jane Eyre’s Love Value A. Her Rebellion and Love Value B. Her Attitude Towards Men C. Her Female Consciousness Chapter 2 The formation of Jane Eyre’s Love Value A. The Background of the Society