农学专业英语
Unit 1
basic parts of a plant a the root system, which is below the ground , and the shoot system above. 一植株最基本组成部分是地下根系统和地上茎系统
takes in, or absorbs, water and mineral from the soil through the root hairs, which are single cells near the tip of each root根毛是靠近根顶端的单细胞，它可以从土壤中吸收水分和矿物质
addition, plants such as clover and Lucerne, known as ‘legumes’have special bacteria which live on the roots. 另外，一些豆科作物，如三叶草和苜蓿，有特殊的寄生在根部的细菌
important function is to enable water and mineral to pass up from the roots to the leaves and flowers.另一种重要的功能是使水和矿物质从根运输到叶片和花上
main job is to make food for the plant by the process known as photosynthesis.它们的主要任务是光合作用为作物提供营养
from the soil and carbon dioxide from the air are converted into sugars and other carbohydrates.来自土壤中的水和来自大气中的二氧化碳被转变成糖和碳水化合物
stamens produce the male sex cells, or spermatic, which are carried in the pollen grains雄蕊产生雄性细胞或是性孢子，它们被花粉粒携带.
fruit, the ripened ovary of the flower, encloses the seeds and protects them while they are developing，果实，花中成熟的子房，包围着种子，当它们发育时候并保护它们
seed itself consists of an embryo and foodstore种子是由胚和.胚乳构成的
embryo is the part which will develop into anther plant and the foodstore is necessary to provide nourishment for the young plant while it is growing.胚是能发育成另外作物的器官，胚乳是为发育中的幼体提供必要的营养
Unit 2
remain dormant, or in a resting state, if they are kept cool and dry.种子在低温和干燥条件下，处于休眠状态
the amount of moisture and the temperature level are right, the seeds germinate and start growing.当温度和湿度适宜时，种子发芽并开始生长
is because wet soils remain cold for a longer period of time than drier, well-drained soils.这是因为湿的土壤比干燥的排水好的土壤更能保持更长时间的低温
seeds require very little oxygen in order to stay alive, but when they start to germinate they require more. 种子在休眠状态时为保持活力需要较少o2，但当它们发芽时需要较多的o2
the early stages of development the seedling depends entirely on the foodstore in the seed but as soon as the first leaves are produced, it is able to manufacture food for itself.发育早期，幼苗完全依靠种子中的胚乳，但是一旦第一片子叶产生，它就能为自己生产食物
the process of pollination the pollen is carried by wind or insects from the stamens to the stigma of the carpel.传播花粉过程中，花粉被风或是昆虫从雄蕊传播，到雌蕊柱头上
germinates on the stigma and grows down the style into the ovary, where fertilization takes place.它在柱头上产生并在子房中发育，进行受精
Unit 3
material originates from dead plants and animals and material other than this are derived from rocks of various kinds. 有机质发源于死的动植物，而矿物质是与之不同的不经分解，来源于不同种类的岩石
rocks are broken down into small particles by mechanical disintegration and chemical decomposition.这些岩石通过物理和化学分解成小颗粒
arid regions weathering is mostly by physical means.在干旱地区，风化主要由于物理因素
in humid regions chemical processes of weathering are equally important但是在湿润的地区，风蚀的化学过程是同等重要的.
, the insoluble mineral residues in the soils have less resemblance to the original rocks. 因此，土壤中难以溶解的残余矿物质与原始的岩石无什么类似处
of them contain various proportions of sand, silt and clay and these varying proportions make up a soil’s textural class.土壤主要包括沙子，粉砂，粘土。。它们不同的比例构成了土壤不同的质地等级
principle classes in order of increasing fineness of material are sand, loamy sand, loamy, silt loamy, silty clay loam, clay loam, silt and clay.依照矿物质纯度顺序排列依次为沙土，壤砂土，壤土粉砂土，粘壤土，粉砂和粘土 is to say, smaller sized particles can react or combine with water, nutrients and humus more sassily than larger sized particles.就是说，小颗粒与水，营养和腐殖质比大颗粒更容易结合
from decomposed organic matter is vital to a soil as it makes a heavy soil lighter. 来源于腐烂有机物质的腐殖质，对土壤至关重要，因为它使土壤变的更疏松
Unit 4
2.The ease with which water san pass through a soil depends on the proportions in it of coarse and fine particles such as sand and clay.水分渗入土壤的容易度依靠土壤粗细比例，例如砂土和粘土
10.Another advantage is that a well-drained soil will have enough air for aerobic bacteria to break down humus and so provide food for the plant.另一个优点是排水很好的土壤会有足够的空气，为好氧的细菌去分解腐殖质，然后为作物提供营养
12.Ditches can be cut at certain intervals between the crops.在作物之间沟渠被切割成特定的间隔
16.Porous drainage tiles may be laid in or on the land and these will help draw off the surplus water. 多孔排水管平放入地下或地面下，这样会有助于放掉多余水分
17.The distance between the drains will depends on the level of the land, the permeability of the soil, and the amount of rainfall.排水间的距离取决于土地的平坦程度，土壤渗透性和雨量的多少
22.We should distinguish between the collection of water and its application我们应辨别水的集合和它的利用之间加以区别.
23.There are two main sources of irrigation water: surface water and ground water.有两种主要的灌溉水资源：地表水和地下水
31.By this we mean the amount of water which is needed to bring the soil to full capacity.意思是需要的水的量是能使土壤达到充分的的数量
32.It also depends on the type of crop, the stage of growth of the crop and the amount which it will use at that particular time.它也取决于作物的类型，作物生育时期和它在特殊时期的使用量
34.Most plants require larger quantities of water during the later stages than in the earlier stages.大部分作物在后期比前期需要更大量的水
Unit 5
8.Finally, it makes up for the plant nutrients which have been removed by crops or lost by leaching and soil erosion.最终，它弥补了作物吸收，淋溶土壤侵蚀所流失的营养
14.So, they maybe grouped as nitrogenous fertilizers, phosphatic fertilizers, potassic fertilizers and so on.因此，它们被分为氮肥，磷肥，钾肥等
15.The most commonly used fertilizer which contains nitrogen is ammonium sulphate, which is made from ammonia and sulphuric acid, and which contains 21% nitrogen使用最普遍的肥料是含氮的，主要有硫酸铵等，它由氨和硫酸组成，其中含氮量百分二十一.
16.This element encourages rapid vegetative growth and gives plants a healthy green colour.这个要素促进作物快速生长并给作物一个健康的绿色
19.Phosphorous stimulates the formation of a plant's root, and promotes fruit and seed production.磷刺激根系形成，促进结果和种子产量
21.finally, wherever high crop yields are expected, potash is used together with nitrogen and phosphorous.最终，无论在哪高产量都是被期望的，通过k与n,p混合使用
23.This help plant to withstand mechanical damage such as broken branches and torn 有助于作物抵抗机械伤害，例如残枝败叶
27.It is usually supplied in the form of muriate of potash (potassium chloride), which contains 50 to 60% potassium oxide (K2O) and sulphate of potash (potassium sulphate).它总是以k的化合物形式被使用，包括百分五十到60的k2o 和k2so4
32.If a soil is very acid, with a pH value of less than , lime can be added to correct this acidity.如果土壤极酸性，ph小于5，石灰能够改善土壤的酸性
35.Nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium are more easily available in a well-limed soil than in an acid soil.氮磷钾在用石灰处理的土壤中比在酸性的土壤中更容易被利用
Unit 6
1 In crop production the control of weeds, diseases and pests is essential to obtain high yields.杂草和虫害的控制对于获得高产量是有必要的
5 Weeds reduce crop yields on account of the fact that they compete with crops for water.杂草使作物产量降低的原因是它与作物竞争水分，营养，光照
7 Most weeds are aggressive and invasive, they grow quickly and spread far, and so are difficult to get rid of.大多数杂草是有竞争性和侵害性的，它们生长迅速，传播的远，因此很难摆脱
8 One recommended way of eradicating many persistent weeds is first to plough up the roots and underground parts of the plant.一种值得推荐的根除多年生杂草的方法是首先根系和作物地下部分
11 Weeds may also be killed by means of chemicals which have the collective name of herbicides.杂草也可以被称为除草剂的化学药剂杀死
17 They must be used extremely carefully for the simple reason that they will eradicate all plants on contact-which includes the crop itself.它们在使用的时候必须相当小心，原因很简单就是它们会根除所有与之接触的植物包括作物本身18 They are usually used before sowing or before the emergence of the crop itself.它们总是被用于播种前或作物出土前
23 Micro-organisms are reproduced and spread by minute bodies such as spores, fungi and bacteria.微生物通过芽孢，真菌，细菌等微小物体进行繁殖和扩散
25 It is very difficult to kill the fungi and bacteria, or to make the virus which is inside the host plant inactive 消灭真菌和细菌或是使寄生在寄主中不活跃的病毒不传播病毒是非常困难的.
26 But the evolution of plant varieties which can resist disease has completely changed methods of disease control 但是能够抵抗病害的作物种类的进化，已经完全改变了病害控制的方法
36 One way is to use chemicals that easily change into a gas or vapour, which enter the soil and kill the harmful organisms. 一种方法是使用容易变成气体或烟雾状的化学药剂这样就能进入土壤消灭有害生物体
畜牧词汇
raise livestock 畜牧; 饲养牲畜 rear poultry 饲养家畜; 畜牧 cattle breeding 畜牧 cattle husbandry 畜牧 raise animal 畜牧 stock raising 畜牧业; 饲养家畜 livestock breeding 牲畜饲养; 畜牧业; 家畜繁育; 养殖业 pastoral industry 牧区畜牧业 animal production 畜产品; 畜牧生产animal science 畜牧学 livestock agriculture 畜牧业 livestock husbandry 畜牧业 pastoral farming 畜牧业 stock farming 畜牧业 stock farm 畜牧场 department of animal husbandry 畜牧系cattle-producing area 畜牧区zootechnical science 畜牧学 animal industry 畜牧业 graziery 畜牧业 animal husbandry 畜牧业 animal agriculture 畜牧业 animal farm 畜牧场 livestock breeding 畜牧业 live farming 畜牧业; 养畜业 livestock farming 畜牧业; 养畜业pastoral age 畜牧时代 pastoralism 畜牧生活 stock farmer 畜牧业者 grazier 畜牧业者 Journal of Animal Science 畜牧学报animal industry 畜牧经营 animal husbandry complex 综合畜牧场pasture animal husbandry 草原畜牧业animal by-product 畜牧副产品 livestock production system 畜牧生产体系 prosperity in animal husbandry 畜牧生产繁荣 gross output of cattle breeding 畜牧业总产量 factory-like production in livestock husbandry 畜牧业生产工厂化 institute of zootechnics and veterinary science 畜牧兽医科学研究所 livestock farm 牧场; 畜牧场 farm n.农场; 饲养场; 畜牧场v.耕作grassland agriculture 草地轮作法; 草地畜牧业; 草田轮作法 graze v.(牲畜)吃草; 放牧; 擦过(牲畜)n.擦伤 animal husbandry department 牧畜学 mob stock 轮牧畜群 set stock 定牧畜群 pasture stock 放牧家畜 grazing stock management 牧畜管理common use 多畜共牧 animals that produce milk 产奶的牧畜 out stock 自由放牧牲畜 exampt livestock 免费放牧牲畜 graze vi.喂草; 放牧(牲畜) terminal public market 中心牧畜市场unherded animal 无人放牧的牲畜commercial breeding system 商品牧畜繁育方法 pasture n.牧草地; 牧场vt.放牧 beast of burden 驮畜; 役畜; 力畜rotational grazing 循环放牧; 轮牧; 分区轮牧法 certified stock getter 检定卓越畜系祖畜top-quality stock 高质量牲畜; 上等膘肉畜 light feeder 难肥性畜; 胃口小的牲畜 supplemental pasture 补充牧场; 辅助牧草 strip grazing 限界放牧法; 条牧livestock n.[总称]家畜; 牲畜 unfattened stock 未经肥畜牲畜 female and young animal 母畜和幼畜 one-sire herd 单公畜畜群 pasture n.牧草地; 牧场 shepherd n.牧羊人; 牧民 shepherd n.牧民; 牧羊人 rotation pasture 农牧轮作; 轮换牧地; 轮作牧场 hard keeper 多吃饲料的家畜; 难养的牲畜
经济类英语专业词汇
常用经济类词汇： economist 经济学家 socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济 liberal economy 自由经济 mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义 autarchy 闭关自守 primary sector 初级成分 private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策
economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定 concentration 集中 holding company 控股公司 trust 托拉斯 cartel 卡特尔 rate of growth 增长 economic trend 经济趋势 economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设 standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺 stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的 developing 发展中的 initial capital 创办资本 frozen capital 冻结资金 frozen assets 冻结资产 fixed assets 固定资产 real estate 不动产,房地产
护理专业英语训练11
护理专业学生阶段性英语水平测试 考试卷A 考试时间：2011 年1 月日时分所需时间：90 分钟考试形式: 闭卷身份证号_______________ 学号_________ 姓名___________ Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and Structure (60 points, 2 points each) Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 1. We should ______ primary importance to the psychological health of the students. A)pay B)place C)attach D)provide 2. He thinks we shouldn’t go ahead with this plan because of the ______ of failure. A)future B)pressure C)worry D)risk 3. Yesterday the parties concerned sat together _____ several solutions to the problem. A)exposing B)exploring C)expressing D)exploding 4. If you fail three times, you are not ________ to try any more. A)voted B)insured C)entitled D)equipped 5. The application of the new technology enables the factory to _____ twice as many machines as it did last year. A)turn down B)turn off C)turn to D)turn out 6. My aunt is rich and owns a lot of ________ in the middle of our town. A)preparation B)prospect C)property D)prosperity 7. They had a(n)______ argument for several hours without reaching an agreement A)bored B)excited C)heated D)interested 8. If you continue, you will surely ________ in prison. A)grow up B)end up C)put up D)bring up 9. The students are eager to know what the weather will be like tomorrow because it will _______ their picnic directly. A)effect B)affect C)infect D)influence 10.I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and _________ in a quiet neighborhood.
生物专业英语词汇,词缀
生物专业英语词汇——词素（词根）部分 一、表示数量的词素 1. haplo,mono,uni ：单，一，独haploid 单倍体monoxide一氧化碳monoatomi c单原子的 2. bi,di,dipl,twi,du :：二，双，两，偶biocolor 双色,dichromatic 双色的,diplobacillus 双杆菌dikaryon 双核体 twin ：孪生dual 双重的 3. tri :三，丙triangle三角triacylglycerol三酰甘油tricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循环 4. quadri,quadru,quart,tetr,tetra：四quadrilateral四边的quadrivalent四价的quadruped四足动物tetrode四极管tetracycline四环素 5. pent,penta,quique五pentose戊糖pentagon五角形pentane戊烷quintuple 五倍的pentose 戊糖pentomer五邻粒 6. hex,hexa,sex 六hexose已糖hexapod六足动物hexapoda昆虫纲hexamer六聚体 7. hepta,sept(i) 七heptane 庚烷heptose 庚糖heptoglobin七珠蛋白 8. oct八octpus 章鱼octagon八角形octane 辛烷octase 辛糖 9. enne,nona九nonapeptide 九肽enneahedron 九面体 10. deca,deka 十:decapod 十足目动物decahedron 十面体decagram 十克 11. hecto, 百hectometer百米hectoliter百升hectowatt 百瓦 12. kilo,千kilodalton (KD) 千道尔顿kilobase 千碱基kiloelectron volt 千电子伏特 13. deci,十分之一，分decimeter 分米decigram 十分之一克 14. centi,百分之一 15. milli,千分之一，毫millimole 毫摩（尔）milliliter 毫升 16. micro,百万分之一，微，微小，微量microgram微克microogranism微生物microecology 微生态学micropipet微量移液器 17. nano十亿分之一，毫微，纳nanosecond十亿分之一秒nanometer纳米 18. demi,hemi,semi半demibariel 半桶hemicerebrum 大脑半球semiopaque半透明semi-allel 半等位基因semi-conductor半导体 19. holo 全，整体，完全holoenzyme 全酶holoprotein全蛋白holocrine全（质分）泌 20. mega巨大，兆，百万megaspore大孢子，megabasse兆碱基megakaryocyte巨核细胞megavolt兆伏megalopolitan特大城市 21. macro 大，巨大，多macrophage巨噬细胞macrogamete大配子macroelement常量元素macromolecular大分子 22. poly,multi,mult 多，复合polyacrylate聚丙烯酸酯polymerase 聚合酶multichain多链的multinucleate 多核的multicistronic mRNA多顺反子mRNA multicopy多拷贝 二、表示颜色的词素 1 chrom颜色chromophore生色团chromosome染色体chromatography色谱法 2 melan,melano,nigr 黑melanoma黑素瘤melanin黑色素melanophore黑色素细胞 3 xantho,flavo,fla,flavi,lute黄xanthophyl叶黄素xanthous黄色的，黄色人种xathine黄嘌呤flavin(e)黄素flav one黄酮letein黄体素，叶黄素flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD)黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸 4 erythro, rub, rubrm, ruf,红erythrocyte红细胞erythromycin红霉素erythropoitin(EPO)促红细胞生成素 5 chloro,chlor绿，氯chlorophyll叶绿素chloride氯化物chloramphenicol氯霉素 6 cyan,cyano 蓝，青紫色，氰cyanophyceae 蓝藻纲cyanobacteria蓝细菌cyanide氰化物 7 aur,glid,chrys金色aureomycin金霉素chrysose 金藻淀粉chrysanthemum菊花glidstone 金
护理专业英语
1.我要取一滴指血做血糖测定, 需要刺一下手指. I’m afraid I have to prick your finger and take a drop of blood for blood sugar level. 2.现在我要从您的胳膊抽血. I’ll take some blood from your arm now. 3.半夜之后不要吃喝任何东西，明天早上抽血. Don’t take any thing by mouth after midnight until the blood is drawn tomorrow morning 4.请留一份尿/便/痰的标本/请收集您的中段尿. Please bring a specimen of your urine/stool/sputum./ please collect your mid～stream specimen of urine. 5.请做一下您的血和尿试验. Please have your blood and urine tests done. 6.今天您要做一个胸部/头部CT. You are going to have a CT～scan of your chest/head today. 7.Translate the 1st para of the article on page173. 据《儿科学》一月份的最新报道，婴儿刚一出生，免疫系统就能应对多项挑战，包括多次接种疫苗。这篇报道的作者是鲍尔安欧非特和他的同事。鲍尔是一名传染病医学博士，也是费城儿童医院疫苗教育中心的主任。这篇文章回顾了当前有关疫苗对免疫系统的影响和婴幼儿安全应对多次同步免疫接种能力的研究。 8.Para3 欧非特博士说：“婴幼儿自身的免疫系统有足够的能力安全有效地应对疫苗接种带来的挑战。我们的文章可以让家长们放心，因为疫苗不仅一点不会减弱幼儿自身的免疫系统，还能增强幼儿对重病和可能出现的严重感染的抵抗力。 9.欧非特博士说：“免疫接种对预防疾病和死亡特别安全、非常有效，是父母保护孩子最重要的方式之一。我们的文章可以向父母们保证，给他们的孩子做免疫接种，是给孩子最大程度的提供严重感染性免疫疾病的保护，是帮组孩子建立更强壮的免疫系统，让他们人生最健康地开始。 10.1bronchial 2asthma 3emphysema 4Embolism 5Pneumnia 6fracture 7obesity 8Intermittent 9hyperglycemia 10diuresis 11hematoma 12Infection 13hyperkalemia 14bladder 15abdominal 16Tophi 11.1Amputation pain DBCCA 2Pressure ulcer DBCCD A avocation：hobby 嗜好analgwsics止疼药acetaminophen蜡苯酚 adrenal肾上腺的acidosis酸中毒 B butterflies in the stomach忐忑不安cerebral cortex 大脑皮层clinician临床医生contort扭曲cognitive-behavioral intervention知识行为干预coxib高选择性环氧酶抑制剂chronic-acute recurrent 反复发作 C cervical lymph nodes颈部淋巴结coronary heart disease冠心病concentration浓度cerebral cortex 大脑皮层clinician临床医生contort扭曲cognitive-behavioral intervention知识行为干预coxib高选择性环氧酶抑制剂chronic-acute recurrent 反复发作 D dorsal horn背角diveegent分歧dosage剂量bed-making病号服 E exacerbating恶化excretion分泌 F flushing潮红 G ganglia神经中枢graduated exercises渐进性运动glucagon-catecholamine儿茶酚胺glucose tolerance 血糖耐受 H healthcare professional医务人员hypnosis催眠hormone-endocrine gland内分泌腺 I intrinsic：belonging to内在的incremental增加的inhibitor抑制剂insulin 胰岛素insulin-isl小岛 L light-headedness头晕目眩langerhans-pancreas胰脏 M metabolism-organic process有机过程medulla髓质 N neuropathic神经疼痛 O onest不稳定off-and-on pain \intermittent pain 间断性疼痛oral-glucose-tolerance-test-prediabeise 前驱糖尿病 P pap smear乳头溢液图片检查pound警觉peptic ulcer胃溃疡persisentpain 持续疼痛polyuria多尿的 1
美术英语词汇
美术专业词汇表painting 绘画 frame画框 traditional Chinese painting国画 canvas油画 block print版画 traditional Chinese realistic painting工笔画 painted egg - shell彩蛋画 painted egg彩蛋画，蛋画 studio画室 figure塑像，画像，外形，轮廓 paintbrush画笔 easel画架 stipple点刻(法), 点画(法)，画点画，点彩 mechanical drawing机械画 artist 大师, 艺术家 brush drawing 毛笔画 charcoal pencil 炭笔 pigment 颜料 painter 画家 cave painting 石洞壁画 oil painting 油画 painting in fresco 壁画 tempera painting 胶画
watercolour 水彩画(美作:watercolor) pastel drawing 蜡笔画 wash 水墨画 sanguine 红铅笔画 miniature 细密画 engraving 版画 painting, drawing 画 drawing from nature 写生画mechanical drawing 机械画 tracing 临摹 chiaroscuro 单色画 design 描绘 sketch 草稿 study 习作 triptych, triptich 三联画 portrait 画像 self-portrait 自画像 model 模特 caricature 漫画 nude 裸体画 profile 轮廓 foreshortened figure 透视画法landscape 风景画 seascape 海景画 still life 静物画 tapestry 壁毯 perspective 透视画 colouring 色彩(美作:coloring) shade 阴影 cubism 立体主义,主体派
生物专业英语 课文翻译
教学内容： Cytoplasm: The Dynamic, Mobile Factory 细胞质：动力工厂 Most of the properties we associate with life are properties of the cytoplasm. Much of the mass of a cell consists of this semifluid substance, which is bounded on the outside by the plasma membrane. Organelles are suspended within it, supported by the filamentous network of the cytoskeleton. Dissolved in the cytoplasmic fluid are nutrients, ions, soluble proteins, and other materials needed for cell functioning. 生命的大部分特征表现在细胞质的特征上。细胞质大部分由半流体物质组成，并由细胞膜（原生质膜）包被。细胞器悬浮在其中，并由丝状的细胞骨架支撑。细胞质中溶解了大量 的营养物质，离子，可溶蛋白以及维持细胞生理需求的其它物质。 The Nucleus: Information Central（细胞核：信息中心） The eukaryotic cell nucleus is the largest organelle and houses the genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes. (In prokaryotes the hereditary material is found in the nucleoid.) The nucleus also contains one or two organelles-the nucleoli-that play a role in cell division. A pore-perforated sac called the nuclear envelope separates the nucleus and its contents from the cytoplasm. Small molecules can pass through the nuclear envelope, but larger molecules such as mRNA and ribosomes must enter and exit via the pores. 真核细胞的细胞核是最大的细胞器，细胞核对染色体组有保护作用（原核细胞的遗传物质 存在于拟核中）。细胞核含有一或二个核仁，核仁促进细胞分裂。核膜贯穿许多小孔，小 分子可以自由通过核膜，而象mRNA和核糖体等大分子必须通过核孔运输。 Organelles: Specialized Work Units（细胞器：特殊的功能单位） All eukaryotic cells contain most of the various kinds of organelles, and each organelle performs a specialized function in the cell. Organelles described in this section include ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi complex, vacuoles, lysosomes, mitochondria, and the plastids of plant cells. 所有的真核细胞都含有多种细胞器，每个细胞器都有其特定功能。本节主要介绍核糖体， 内质网，高尔基体系，液泡，溶酶体，线粒体和植物细胞中的质体。 The number of ribosomes within a cell may range from a few hundred to many thousands. This quantity reflects the fact that, ribosomes are the sites at which amino acids are assembled into proteins for export or for use in cell processes. A complete ribosome is composed of one larger and one smaller subunit. During protein synthesis the two subunits move along a strand of mRNA, "reading" the genetic sequence coded in it and translating that sequence into protein. Several ribosomes may become attached to a single mRNA strand; such a combination is called a polysome. Most cellular proteins are manufactured on ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Exportable proteins and membrane proteins are usually made in association with the endoplasmic reticulum. 核糖体的数量变化从几百到几千，核糖体是氨基酸组装成蛋白质的重要场所。完整的核 糖体由大亚基和小亚基组成。核糖体沿着mRNA移动并阅读遗传密码，翻译成蛋白质。一条mRNA上可能有多个核糖体，称多聚核糖体。大多数细胞蛋白是由细胞质中核糖体生产。输出蛋白和膜蛋白通常与内质网有关。 The endoplasmic reticulum, a lacy array of membranous sacs, tubules, and vesicles, may be either rough (RER) or smooth (SER). Both types play roles in the synthesis and transport of proteins. The RER, which is studded with polysomes, also seems to be the source of the
护理考研英语资料推荐
护理考研英语资料推荐 考研英语复习，不论对哪个专业的考生来说，都是有一定的难度的。那么护理考研英语应该如何复习呢？大家可以看看下面的额几条建议，希望你有所收获。 一、了解熟悉护理专业考研相关信息 护理专业考研要考三门科目，政治，外语，护理综合。政治目前你只需要上好大学的政治课，英语要好好学，最好要过6级，专业要学好护理学基础、内科护理学及外科护理学，在学习时比别的功课多用些心，到大4上学期结束后，就开始系统的考研复习这三门功课。下面大家可以了解一下护理综合考试科目。 1.护理综合考试科目包括： 护理学基础、内科护理学及外科护理学。 2.考试比例： 护理学基础占30%（其中护理学导论占10%，基础护理学占20%）、内科护理学占40%、外科护理学占30%. 3.题型结构： 单项选择题（占60%，180分，每题1.5分，120道题，其中护理学基础36道、内科护理学48道、外科护理学36道） 多项选择题（占20%，60分，每题2分，30道题，其中护理学基础9道、内科护理学12道、外科护理学9道） 问答题（病例分析）（占20%，60分，每题20分，3道题，护理学基础1道、内科护理学1道、外科护理学1道）
考试总分300分。 4.考试时间： 3小时。 二、重视英语的备考 其实专业课的话，大家平时都有在接触。但是对于英语的话，可能就相对有点疏忽了，建议大家最好是过了英语六级，当然，不过的话，也是没关系的，只是考研备考的话，会比较吃力一些。 英语是整个考研备考过程中不可忽视的一科。基础不好的话，就在复习伊始，打好英语基础知识。建议选择解析详细的资料书，最好是能够看得懂的，我当时用的北大博士吕升运的《考研圣经》，这本书还是很不错的。 三、选书要慎重 考研英语选择书籍资料是很重要的，推荐两本书给大家，一本是我用的考研圣经，这本书我都说了，很适合基础不好的人用，主要是书中的基础知识解析详细，当然他的答案解析也是很不错的，可以学到很多的做题技巧。写作的复习，大家可以买本热点话题的作文书，我看写作宝中宝就很不错的哦！ 还有就是我也考虑到了基础比较好的人啦！推荐这部分人用黄皮书复习，它主要是从命题思路和方向进行分析的，需要掌握这方面知识的，可以看看这本书。
护理专业英语课后答案习题(3).doc
护理专业英语课后答案习题(3) 1. lots of time and even some support 2. the first six months of life 3. before the baby is born 4. 10 or 12 times 5. aids in milk transfer Study Practice I. Reading Comprehension 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D II. Words to Practice 1. manifest 6. inferiority 2. cognitive 7. apathetic 3. Cohesion 8. Mutilation 4. somatic 9. catheter 5. rationalization 10. detachment III.Translation A. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. 护士应提供启发式的合理解释来应对儿童不切实际的恐惧，并进行干预，从使恐惧造成的损伤降到最小(比如可在操作中鼓励父母陪伴，或尽可能让儿童自己作决定)。 2. 治疗性游戏应该在无威胁的环境中进行,时间也应该有所保证。指导游戏的工作人员应该接受儿童游戏中的行为,避免表示赞成或不赞成。 B. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. Superficial phlebitis is a common complication of continuous intravenous injection. 2. Without communication, the nurse is unable to determine whether implementation of nursing intervention is successful. 3. Even in his irritability he was gentle, for his wife was pregnant. 4. Please do not drink hot tea after eating fruit to avoid diarrhea. 5. Contracture of muscle or scar tissues may result in distortion or deformity, especially in joints of the body. IV. Audio Tasks
兽医专业英语
1.缺乏, 白细胞减少症红细胞减少淋巴球减少症血小板减少症 2. 尿症 血尿症蛋白尿 3 麻痹瘫痪， 热射病瘫痪下身麻痹半身麻痹半身不遂 4 心痛胸痛肝痛肠痛 5 关节痛神经痛胃痛 6 软化 骨软化脑软化 7 扩张, 膨胀扩张 肾扩张血管扩张支气管扩张 8 血症 白血病菌血症败血症血胆脂醇过多 9 出血 大出血胃出血肠出血肝出血 ?简单后缀 ：，， ?复合后缀 ， -(o) 10 镜检， 喉镜检查支气管镜检查法胃镜检查结肠镜检查膀胱镜检查 11 造口术 a 结肠造口术肠肠吻合术胃造口术 12(o)缝术， 疝缝手术 13整形术 关节造型术轮廓成形术骨整形术 14 固定术 a 肝固定术 15 学问学术 药理学病理学生理学 16 专家师 泌尿科医师生理学者病理学家 17 –医师的医疗的药物的 足部医疗精神病学 18 标记符号 心动描记法肺解剖学脑电图学19 图表曲线图 心动电流图呼吸描记器脑电图仪 20 图 心电图呼吸描记图脑电波 21 ,切除术 甲状腺切除术胆囊切除术阑尾切除术 22 切开术 甲状腺切开术胃切开术膀胱切开术 23 测定法 动力测定术盆骨测量 24 变大 心房肥大巨脑室脾肿大肝肿大 ?简单后缀：: . ?复合后缀： 25 切的刀 关节刀 26细胞， a 包细胞淋巴细胞肝细胞脂肪细胞 27疝突出膨大， 甲状腺肿肝脏突出肺彭出脐突出 28镜检 喉镜检气管镜检腹腔境胃窥镜 29 炎症 肝炎腹膜炎肠胃炎 30 专家 胃镜医师肠病学家病理学家神经病学家31（） a , a 门齿，切牙 32 症状a , 硬化症肝机能病胃病肾病 33 肿瘤， 肉瘤恶性肿瘤纤维瘤肝细胞瘤脂肪瘤 34 a , a （先决条件） 栓塞栓子 35（i） a a , 心包膜腹上第一腹片支气管 44仪表 温度计体温计肺量计脉搏计 45（o）释放排放， 腹泻胃液分泌过多 46 溶解； 溶血溶菌 47 病变,
护理专业英语词汇
1 Unit 11 1. pulse 脉搏 2. respiration 呼吸 3. vital 生命延续所必需的，极重要的 vital signs 生命体征 4. intervention 干涉，干预 nursing intervention 护理措施 5. thermometer 温度计，体温计 6. disposable 一次性的；用后即可丢弃的 7. rectum 直肠 rectal 直肠的 8. axilla 胳肢窝，腋窝 axillary 腋窝的 9. scale 刻度，标度 10. Fahrenheit 华氏温度计的；华氏温度计 A Fahrenheit thermometer 华氏温计 11. Celsius 摄氏的 A Celsius thermometer 摄氏温度计 12. contraindicate 禁忌 13. bradycardia 心搏徐缓 14. tachycardia 心动过速 15. rhythm 韵律 16. radial 桡神经（的）；桡动脉（的） 17. carotid 颈动脉；颈动脉的 18. apical 上的，顶点的 apical pulse 心尖搏动 19. stethoscope 听诊器 20. inhale 吸入；吸气 21. exhale 把……呼出 22. expand 扩张 23. contract 收缩 24. even 平静的，均匀的 25. dyspnea 呼吸困难 26. apnea 无呼吸，呼吸暂停 27. hyperpnea 呼吸过度，喘息 28. multiply 乘，使相乘 29. systolic 心脏收缩的 30. diastolic 心脏舒张的 31. hypertension 高血压 32. hypotension 血压过低 33. cuff 橡皮箍，袖带 34. sphygmomanometer 血压计，血压测量计 Unit 13 1. pathogen 病原体（物） 2. enteric 肠的 3. tuberculosis 肺结核 4. diphtheria 白喉 5. varicella 水痘 6. herpes 疱疹 7. zoster 带，带状疹子 8. measles 麻疹，风疹，包虫病，痧子 9. cerebrospinal 脑脊髓的 10. meningitis 脑膜炎 epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis 流 行性脑脊髓膜炎 11. fecal 排泄物的 12. hepatitis 肝炎 viral hepatitis 病毒性肝炎 13. gastroenteritis 肠胃炎 14. clostridium 梭状芽孢杆菌，梭菌 clostridium difficile 艰难梭菌 15. endocarditis [医]心内膜炎 16. multiresistant （疾病等）抗多种抗菌素 （或毒物）的 17. droplet 小滴（飞沫） 18. laryngeal 喉的；喉部 19. decubitus （病人之）卧姿；褥疮 20. malaria 疟疾 21. syphilis 梅毒 22. spill 溢出，溅出，溢出量 23. contaminate 弄脏；污染 24. hypochlorite 次氯酸盐 sodium hypochlorite solution 次氯酸 钠液，漂白粉 25. incontinence 不能自制，无节制，[医] 失禁 26. contamination 玷污，污染，污染物 27. airborne 空气传播的 Unit 14 1. medication 药物，药物治疗，药物处理 2. inhalation 吸入 3. vaginal 阴道的 4. rectal 直肠的 5. intestine 肠 6. tablet 药片，小块 7. capsule 胶囊
生物专业英语试题及答案
生物专业英语试题及答案 一、将下列英文术语或缩写译为合乎学术规范的中文术语： 1、Odorant receptor 气味受体（气味感受器、嗅觉受体、嗅觉感受器也得1分；仅答受体或感受器，则得0.5分）。 2、Differentially expressed gene 差异化表达基因（答为“不同表达基因”，仅得0.5分）。 3、MOE 主要嗅（觉）上皮[答为“嗅（觉）上皮”也得1分；若写出其英文术语全称“Main olfactory epithelium”，也得 分]。 4、VNO4 犁鼻器（答为“信息素外周感受器”也得1分；若写出其英文术语全称“Vomeronasal organ”，也得分）。 5、Social behavior 社会行为（答为“社群行为、社交行为”也得1分）。 6、Monogamy 一夫一妻制（答为“一雄一雌制、单配制”也得1分） 7、Vasopressin 加压素（答为“抗利尿素”仅得0.5分）。 8、Oxytocin 催产素。 9、Kin recognition 亲属识别。 10、Autism
自闭症/孤独症。 11、NIH (美国)国家(立)卫生研究院(所)(若写出其英文术语全称NIH = National Institutes of Health 也得分)。 12、HHMI 霍华德·休斯医学研究所(若写出其英文术语全称HHMI = Howard Hughes Medical Institute 也得分；或者译为Howard Hughes 医学研究所，也得全分)。 13、Nanotechnology 纳米技术（纳米科技、奈米技术、奈米科技）。阳光大学生网 14、Renewable energy 可再生能源（量）（答为“可更新能源、再生能源”，或意思相近者，也得1分）。 15、Biomechanical energy 生物机械能（答为“生物力能、生物力学能”也得1分，而“生物化学能、生物能”，则得0.5分） 16、Nanogenerator 纳米发电机（答为“纳米发动机、纳米电机、纳米发生器、纳米生产器”，也得1分）。 17、Systems biology 系统生物学。 18、DNA sequencer DNA测序仪[答为“DNA测序（器、机）、DNA序列仪（器）”也得1分，答为DNA序列，仅得0.5分]。 19、Neurodegenerative diseases 神经退行性病（若答为“神经系统退行性疾病”或者“神经系统退化性疾病”，也得1）。 20、Amygdala 杏仁核（答为“杏仁体”，也得1分）。
兽医专业英语
2010南京农大传染病方向面试专业英语文献翻译参考词汇 avian influenza/ bird flu 禽流感 a Master's degree 农业推广硕士（MAE）、兽医硕士（VMM） common Terms for bord flu 兽医学 Veterinary Medicine 基础兽医学 Basic Veterinary Medicine 预防兽医学 Preventive Veterinary Medicine 临床兽医学 Clinical Veterinary Medicine 农学 Agriculture 畜牧学 Animal Science 禽流感常用英语词汇 World Health Organization (WHO)联合国世界卫生组织 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)美国国家疾病控制与预防中心Beijing municipal animal epidemic prevention centre 北京市动物流行病防治中心bird flu / avian flu / avian influenza / fowl plague / 禽流感，又称真性鸡瘟、欧洲鸡瘟 outbreak 爆发 suspected cases 疑似疫情 confirmed cases 诊断疫情 test positive 检测为阳性 highly pathogenic suspected cases高致病性禽流感疫区 poultry farms 家禽农场 disease-affected areas 疾病感染地区 disposal of animal wastes 动物粪便的处理 disinfection 消毒 inactive virus 非活性病毒 circulate 传播,流传 contagious 接触传染性的 outbreak 爆发 vaccinate 注射疫苗 influenza pandemic 流感流行 infection 传染病 virulent 剧毒的;致命的 strain (身心的)紧张状态 populous 人口众多的,人口稠密的 trigger 触发,引起 respiratory symptom 呼吸道症状 human-to-human transmission 人与人之间的传染 within-family transmission 家庭成员间的传染 pathogen 病原体 mortality rate 死亡率 fever 感冒 cough 咳嗽