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英文论文写作常用句子

英文论文写作常用句子
英文论文写作常用句子

英文论文写作常用句子

beginninglInthispaper,wefocusontheneedforlThispaperproceedsasfollow.l Thestructureofthepaperisasfollows.lInthispaper,weshallfirstbrieflyintrodu cefuzzysetsandrelatedconceptslTobeginwithwewillprovideabriefbackgrou ndontheIntroductionlThiswillbefollowedbyadescriptionofthefuzzynatureo ftheproblemandadetailedpresentationofhowtherequiredmembershipfuncti onsaredefined.lDetailsonxxandxxarediscussedinlatersections.lInthenextse ction,afterastatementofthebasicproblem,varioussituationsinvolvingpossibi lityknowledgeareinvestigated:first,anentirelypossibilitymodelisproposed;t henthecasesofafuzzyservicetimewithstochasticarrivalsandnonfuzzyservice ruleisstudied;lastly,fuzzyserviceruleareconsidered.ReviewlThisreviewisfo https://www.sodocs.net/doc/862539661.html,briefsummaryofsomeoftherelevantconceptsinx xxandxxxispresentedinsection2.lInthenextsectionabriefviewofthe....isgive n.lInthenextsection,ashortreviewof...isgivenwithspecialregardto...lsection 2reviewsrelevantresearchrelatedtoxx.lsection1.1brieflysurveysthemotivati onforamethodologyofaction,while1.2looksatthedifficultiesposedbythecom plexityofsystemsandoutlinestheneedfordevelopmentofpossibilitymethods. bodylsection1definesthenotionofrobustness,andarguesforitsimportance.lse

ction1devotedtothebasicaspectsoftheFLcdecisionmakinglogic.lsection2gi vesthebackgroundoftheproblemwhichincludesxxxlsection2discussessome problemswithandapproachesto,naturallanguageunderstanding.lsection2ex plainshowflexibilitywhichoften...canbeexpressedintermsoffuzzytimewind owlsection3discussestheaspectsoffuzzysettheorythatareusedinthe...lsectio n3describesthesystemitselfinageneralway,includingthe..andalsodiscussesh owtoevaluatesystemperformance.lsection3describesanewmeasureofxx.lse ction3demonstratestheuseoffuzzypossibilitytheoryintheanalysisofxx.lsecti on3isafinedescriptionoffuzzyformulationofhumandecision.lsection3,isdev elopedtothemodelingandprocessingoffuzzydecisionruleslThemainideaofth eFLcisdescribedinsection3whilesection4describesthexxstrategies.lsection 3and4showexperimentalstudiesforverifyingtheproposedmodel.lsection4di scussesapreviousfuzzysetbasedapproachtocostvarianceinvestigation.lsecti on4givesaspecificexampleofxxx.lsection4istheexperimentalstudytomakea fuzzymodelofmemoryprocess.lsection4containsadiscussionoftheimplicati onoftheresultsofsection2and3.lsection4appliesthisfuzzymeasuretotheanaly sisofxxandillustrateitsuseonexperimentaldata.lsection5presentstheprimary resultsofthepaper:afuzzysetmodel..lsection5containssomeconclusionsplus someideasforfurtherwork.lsection6illustratethemodelwithanexample.lVari ouswaysoffuzzificationandthereasonsfortheirchoicearediscussedverybriefl yinsection2.lInsection2arepresentedtheblockdiagramexpressionofawhole modelofhumanDmsystemlInsection2weshalllistacollectionofbasicassumpt

ionswhicha...schememustsatisfy.lInsection2ofthispaper,wepresentrepresen tationanduniquenesstheoremsforthefundamentalmeasurementoffuzziness whenthedomainofdiscourseisorderdense.lInsection3,wedescribetheprelimi naryresultsofanempiricalstudycurrentlyinprogresstoverifythemeasurement modelandtoconstructmembershipfunctions.lInsection5isanalyzedtheinfere nceprocessthroughthetwokindsofinferenceexperiments...ThissectionlInthi ssection,thecharacteristicsandenvironmentunderwhichmRpisdesignedared escribed.lwewillprovideinthissectionbasicterminologiesandnotationswhic harenecessaryfortheunderstandingofsubsequentresults.nextsectionlThenex tsectiondescribesthemathematicsthatgoesintothecomputerimplementation ofsuchfuzzylogicstatements.lhowever,itiscumbersomeforthispurposeandin practicalapplicationstheformulaewererearrangedandsimplifiedasdiscussed inthenextsection.lThethreecomponentswillbedescribedinthenexttwosectio n,andanexampleofxxanalysisofacomputerinformationsystemwillthenillust ratetheiruse.lwecaninterprettheresultsofexperimentsIandIIasinthefollowin gsections.lThenextsectionsummarizesthemethodinafromthatisusefulforarg umentsbasedonxxsummarylThispaperconcludeswithadiscussionoffuturere searchconsiderationinsection5.lsection5summarizestheresultsofthisinvesti gation.lsection5givestheconclusionsandfuturedirectionsofresearch.lsectio n7providesasummaryandadiscussionofsomeextensionsofthepaper.lFinally, conclusionsandfutureworkaresummarizedlThebasicquestionsposedabovea rethendiscussedandconclusionsaredrawn.lsection7istheconclusionofthepa

per.chapter0.AbstractlAbasicprobleminthedesignofxxispresentedbythecho iceofaxxrateforthemeasurementofexperimentalvariables.lThispaperexami nesanewmeasureofxxinxxbasedonfuzzymathematicswhichovercomesthed ifficultiesfoundinotherxxmeasures.lThispaperdescribesasystemfortheanal ysisofthexx.lThemethodinvolvestheconstructionofxxfromfuzzyrelations.l Theprocedureisusefulinanalyzinghowgroupsreachadecision.lThetechniqu eusedistoemployanewlydevelopedandversatilexxalgorithms.lTheusefulne https://www.sodocs.net/doc/862539661.html,briefmethodologyusedinxxisdiscussed.lTheanal https://www.sodocs.net/doc/862539661.html,modelisdevelopedforaxxanalysisusingfu https://www.sodocs.net/doc/862539661.html,lgorithmstocombinetheseestimatesandproduceaxxareprese ntedandjustified.lTheuseofthemethodisdiscussedandanexampleisgiven.lR esultsofanexperimentalapplicationsofthisxxanalysisprocedurearegiventoill ustratetheproposedtechnique.lThispaperanalysesproblemsinlThispaperout linesthefunctionscarriedoutby...lThispaperincludesanillustrationofthe...lTh ispaperprovidesanoverviewandinformationusefulforapproachinglemphasi sisplacedontheconstructionofacriterionfunctionbywhichthexxinachievinga hierarchicalsystemofobjectivesareevaluated.lThemainemphasisisplacedon theproblemofxxlourproposedmodelisverifiedthroughexperimentalstudy.lT heexperimentalresultsrevealinterestingexamplesoffuzzyphasesof:xx,xxlT hecompatibilityofaprojectintermsofcost,andxxarelikewiserepresentedbyli https://www.sodocs.net/doc/862539661.html,didacticexampleisincludedtoillustratethecomputationa lprocedurechapter1.IntroductionTimeloverthecourseofthepast30years,..ha

semergedformintuitivelTechnologicalrevolutionshaverecentlyhittheindust rialworldlTheadventof...systemsforhashadasignificantimpactonthelThede velopmentof...isexploredlDuringthepastdecade,thetheoryoffuzzysetshasde velopedinavarietyofdirections,lTheconceptofxxwasinvestigatedquiteinten sivelyinrecentyearslTherehasbeenaturningpointin...methodologyinaccorda https://www.sodocs.net/doc/862539661.html, https://www.sodocs.net/doc/862539661.html,tthetimeofthiswriting,therei sstillnostandardwayofxxlAlthoughalotofeffortisbeingspentonimprovingth eseweaknesses,theefficientandeffectivemethodhasyettobedeveloped.lThep ioneerworkcanbetracedtoxx[1965].lTodate,noneofthemethodsdevelopedis perfectandallarefarfromreadytobeusedincommercialsystems.objective/goa l/purposelThepurposeoftheinferenceenginecanbeoutlinedasfollows:lTheul timategoalofthexxsystemistoallowthenonexpertstoutilizetheexistingknowl edgeintheareaofmanualhandlingofloads,andtoprovideintelligent,computer aidedinstructionforxxx.lThepaperconcernsthedevelopmentofaxxlThescop eofthisresearchliesinlThemainthemeofthepaperistheapplicationofrulebase ddecisionmaking.lTheseobjectivesaretobemetwithsuchthoroughnessandco nfidenceastopermit...lTheobjectivesofthe...operationsstudyareasfollows:lT heprimarypurpose/consideration/objectiveoflTheultimategoalofthisconcep tistoprovidelThemainobjectiveofsucha...systemistolTheaimofthispaperisto providemethodstoconstructsuchprobabilitydistribution.lInordertoachievet heseobjectives,anxxmustmeetthefollowingrequirements:lInordertotakeadv

antageoftheirsimilaritylmoreresearchisstillrequiredbeforefinalgoalof...can becompletedlInthistrial,theobjectiveistogenerate...lforthesakeofconcentrat ingon...researchissueslAmajorgoalofthisreportistoextendtheutilizationofar ecentlydevelopedprocedureforthexx.lForanillustrativepurpose,fourwellkn ownoRproblemsarestudiedinpresenceoffuzzydata:https://www.sodocs.net/doc/862539661.html,majorthrustofthep aperistodiscussapproachesandstrategiesforstructuring..methodslThisillustr ationpointsouttheneedtospecifylTheultimategoalisbothdescriptiveandpres criptive.lchapter2.LiteratureReviewlAwealthofinformationistobefoundint hestatisticsliterature,forexample,regardingxxlAconsiderableamountofrese archhasbeendone..duringthelastdecadelAgreatnumberofstudiesreportonthe treatmentofuncertaintiesassociatedwithxx.lThereisconsiderableamountofli teratureonplanninglhowever,thesestudiesdonotprovidemuchattentiontound ertaintyinxx.lsincethen,thesubjecthasbeenextensivelyexploredanditisstillu nderinvestigationaswellinmethodologicalaspectsasinconcreteapplications. lmanyresearchstudieshavebeencarriedoutonthistopic.lproblemofxxdrawre https://www.sodocs.net/doc/862539661.html,ttemptstoresolvethisdile mmahaveresultedinthedevelopmentoflmanycomplexprocessesunfortunate ly,donotyieldtothisdesignprocedureandhave,therefore,notyetbeenautomate d.lmostofthemethodsdevelopedsofararedeterministicand/orprobabilisticin nature.lThecentralissueinallthesestudiesistolTheproblemofxxhasbeenstudi edbyotherinvestigators,however,thesestudieshavebeenbaseduponclassical https://www.sodocs.net/doc/862539661.html,pplied...techniquestolcharacterizedthe...systemasl

DevelopedanalgorithmtolDevelopedasystemcalled...whichlusesaniterative algorithmtodeducelemphasizedtheneedtolIdentifiessixkeyissuessurroundi nghightechnologylAcomprehensivestudyofthe..hasbeenundertakenlmuch workhasbeenreportedrecentlyinthesefiledlproposedlpresentedlstatethatlpo intoutthattheproblemoflDescribedlIllustratedlIndicatedlhasshown/showed lAddresslhighlightslAstudyon...wasdone/developedby[]lpreviouswork,suc has[]and[],dealonlywithlTheapproachtakenby[]islThesystemdevelopedby[ ]consistslApaperrelevanttothisresearchwaspublishedby[]l[]'smodelrequire sconsiderationof..l[]'modeldrawsattentiontoevolutioninhumandevelopmen tl[]'smodelfocuseson...lLittleresearchhasbeenconductedinapplying...tolTh epublishedinformationthatisrelevanttothisresearch...lThisstudyfurthersho wsthatlTheirworkisbasedontheprincipleoflmorehistoryof...canbefoundinx xetal.[1979].lstudieshavebeencompletedtoestablishedlThe...studiesindicat edthatlThoughapplicationofxxinthefiledofxxhasproliferatedinrecentyears, effortinanalyzingxx,especiallyxx,islacking.problem/Issue/Questionlunfort unately,real-worldengineeringproblemssuchasmanufacturingplanningdon otfitwellwiththisnarrowlydefinedmodel.Theytendtospanbroadactivitiesan drequireconsiderationofmultipleaspects.lRemedy/solve/alleviatetheseprob lemsl...isadifficultproblem,yettobeadequatelyresolvedlTwomajorproblems haveyettobeaddressedlAnunansweredquestionlThisprobleminessenceinvo https://www.sodocs.net/doc/862539661.html,nadditionalresearchissuetobetackledis....ls omeimportantissuesindevelopinga...systemarediscussedlThethreeprimeiss

uescanbesummarized:lThesituationleadstotheproblemofhowtodetermineth e...lTherehavebeenmanyattemptstolItisexpectedtobeseriousbarriertolItoffe rsasimplesolutioninalimiteddomainforacomplexproblem.lThereareseveral https://www.sodocs.net/doc/862539661.html,sdifficultasitseemstobe,xxisbynomeansne https://www.sodocs.net/doc/862539661.html,xxproblemca ntraceitsrootstoxx.lxx[1987]usedaheuristicapproachtosimplifythecomplex https://www.sodocs.net/doc/862539661.html,lthoughsomep rogresshasbeenmadeinthisarea,atleasttwomajorobstaclesmustbeovercome beforeafullyautomatedsystemcanberealized.lmostproblemsinpracticeareco mplicatedlmoreproblemsurfacehere.lhamperefforttowardaxxsystemlInord ertoovercomethelimitationsduetoincompleteandimprecisexxknowledge,ax xprogramhasbeendeveloped,whichbasesitsknowledgeuponthestatisticalan alysisofasamplepopulationofxxlTheabovedifficultiesarerealchallengesface dbyresearchersattemptingtodeveloplThistypeofmappingraisesnocontrover sytotheissueofmembershipfunctiondetermination.lhowever,attemptstoqua ntifythexxhavemetboththeoreticalandempiricalproblems.lIthasbecomeapp arentthatinordertoapplythisnewmethodologicalframeworktorealworldprob lemsanddata,wehavetopayattentiontotheproblemsofxxandxx.chapter3.pro posedmethodologyAssumptionlInthecasewhentheassumptionofaxxseemst obetoorestrictiveorinadequate,theformulationwithFuzzyterminationtime,i.

e.givenbyafuzzysetinthespaceofcontrolstages,maybeapplied.lweassumehe rethefuzzyconstraintstobestatedependent,andthefuzzygoaltobethesamefor

allthecontrolstates,xx,whichstemsfromtheproblem'https://www.sodocs.net/doc/862539661.html,napproachtot hesolutionofthisproblemispresentedundertheassumptionthatthesamplingra teDecisioncanbemadepriortotheexecutionoftheexperiment,asopposedtobei https://www.sodocs.net/doc/862539661.html,notherassumptionmadeaboveis thattherearepreciseoddsatwhichtheexpertisindifferent.lmainsimplifyingass umptionsare:lThis,inourview,isaquestionableassumption.outline/structure/ modulelAnoutlineoftheresearchlInformationisincorporatedwithinthesche melIsbuiltinto...structurelAnicemodularstructure.lTheprinciplesof...areapp liedasmodularizedcriteriaclassificationlAxxsystemcomprisesthreemainco mponents:lmustdecomposetheoriginal..intoasetof..lconsistsofthefollowing steps:lThisissummarizedinthefollowingsteps:lcanbebroadlyclassifiedintot hefollowingareas:lcanbecharacterizedbyitsfunctionofeffectivelyprocessin gthelcanallowfurtherbreadthofapplicationof...intomorelThefollowingsteps shouldbefollowedlxxcanbeclassifiedbyadifferentways.lbasedonthexx,one mayclassifyxxintothefollowing:lThiscatalogmaychangeduetowear,breaka ge,andpurchasing.systemlunlikemanyconventionalprogram,expertsystems donotusuallydealwithproblemforwhichthereisclearlyarightorwronganswer .lThesystemconsistsofboth...and...lThesystemhasahierarchicalmodulararc hitectureorganizedonthreelevels.lexpertsystemdomainsareareaofexpertisel Todevelopaxxsystemforxx,thefollowingfactorsmustbeconsidered:lThesyst emhasbeendeveloped/designedtodeterminelThesystemhasproventobeablet olThedomaininwhichanexpertsystemoperatesisaparticulardomainlThesyst

emcomprisesa...withlThesystemis[feature-oriented]/basedonthe...techniqu elThesystemenvironmentmustberelativelystablelThesystemisutilizedtogen erate,load,store,updateandretrieve...lThedevelopmentofaxxsystemhastwos tages:xxstageandxxstage.lThemostessentialpartof..systemisthe...lThesucc essfuldevelopmentsinesshavemadethemanimportanttoolinthedevelopment oflAnautomatedsystemwasdevelopedforlInthiscase,thesystemcanbeconsid https://www.sodocs.net/doc/862539661.html,ninteractiveautomatic...systemlA..iscommonlythou ghtofasatrulyintegrated..systemlshouldbecapableofbeinggeneratedfroma... systemlxxisanimportantpartoftheintegratedsystem.lThemodelconsistsoffo urrulebases,eachofwhichaddressesaseparateprobleminthehierarchyofsche dulingdecision.lTherulebasesarelinkedtoeachotherinachinlikemannerinthe sensethattheconsequentofonerulebaseconstitutesapartoftheantecedentofthe nextrulebase.lTherulebaseconsistsofallpossiblecombinationsofthelinguisti https://www.sodocs.net/doc/862539661.html,pute rsystemlThesystemhasbeenimplementedusingprologlanguageinanmsDose nvironment.prologwaschosenbecauseitoffersawellknownandflexibleenvir onmentinwhichfuzzyreasoningmaybeeasilyimplemented.lThecurrentversi onofthexxprogramwhencompiledwithwATFoR77resultsinanexecutableco deofabout270Kbytes.Typicalruntime,whenrunonaxxcomputer(anIbmcom patiblemachine)operatingat4.77mhzwith640KRAm,rangesfrom10minto2 h,dependingonthesize(orcomplexity)oftheproblem.lTimeconsumingproce dureshavebeenimplementedinclanguageanddirectlylinkedtotheprologenvir

科技英语论文写作原则

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英语作文万能句子

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E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧: 1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。 2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子,你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子,那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。 4) 避免重复。在原文中,为了强调某个主题,可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。 5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例: “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为:”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为:“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子:“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 2 / 19

长期整理的英文论文写作常用词汇和短语

长期整理的英文论文写作常用词汇和短语 这几年看文献和写论文的时候整理了一些写作常用词汇和短语,希望大家也能用得上: 差别 gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies,no intergroup difference No statistically significant differences in survival were found for MMC or MPMA. Although MMC and MPMA decreased with increasing nuclear grade and TNM stage, this difference failed to achieve statistical significance. 存在,出现 occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present 多数,少数 the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ,a marked majority, handful 方法 approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools 发生率 Incidence, frequency, prevalence In contrast with regions of high incidence, the mutation spectrum did not show a high prevalence of mutations at A:T base pairs. 发现,阐明,报道,证实 verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate,demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal, display, manifest,suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose,report, describe,facilitate the identification of ,screening ,isolation

英语日常常用句子

What are you trying to say?(你到底想说什么?) Don't be silly.(别胡闹了。) How strong are your glasses?(你近视多少度?) Just because.(没有别的原因。) It isn't the way I hoped it would be.(这不是我所盼望的。) You will never guess.(你永远猜不到。) No one could do anything about it.(众人对此束手无措。) I saw something deeply disturbing.(深感事情不妙。) Money is a good servant but a bad master.(要做金钱的主人,莫做金钱的奴隶。) I am not available.(我正忙着)Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.(脑中的知识比手中的金钱更重要) Never say die.it's a piece of cake.别泄气,那只是小菜一碟。 Don't worry.you'll get use to it soon.别担心,很快你就会习惯的。 I konw how you feel.我明白你的感受。 You win some.you lose some.胜败乃兵家常事。 Don't bury your head in the sand.不要逃避现实。 I didn't expect you to such a good job.我没想到你干得这么好。 You are coming alone well.你做得挺顺利。 She is well-build.她的身材真棒。You look neat and fresh.你看起来很清纯。 You have a beautiful personality.你的气质很好。 You flatter me immensely.你过奖啦。You should be slow to judge others.你不应该随意评论别人。 I hope you will excuse me if i make any mistake.如有任何错误,请你原谅It was most careless ofme.我太粗心了。 It was quite by accident.真是始料不及。 I wish i had all the time i'd ever wasted,so i could waste it all over again.我希望所有被我浪费的时间重新回来,让我再浪费一遍。 I like you the way you were.我喜欢你以前的样子。 You two go ahead to the movie without me,i don't want to be a third wheel.你们两个自己去看电影吧,我不想当电灯泡。 Do you have anyone in mind?你有心上人吗? How long have you known her?你认识她多久了? It was love at frist sight.一见钟情 I'd bettle hit the books.我要复习功课啦。 a piece of one's mind .直言不讳 He gave me a piece of mind,"Don't shift responsibility onto others."他责备道:“不要把责任推卸到别人身上。” a cat and dog life水火不容的生活The husband and his wife are always quarrelling,and they are leading a cat and dog life.这对夫妇老是吵架,相互之间水火不容。 a dog's life潦倒的生活 The man lived a dog's life.这个人生活潦倒。 A to Z从头至尾 I know that from A to Z. 我很了解这件事。 above somebody深奥 Well,this sort of talk is above me.我不懂你们在讲什么。 all ears 全神贯注地倾听着 When you tell Mary some gossip,she is all ears.跟Mary讲一些小道消息,她会听地仔仔细细。

英语作文常用万能句子

开头常用万能句子: 1.Depending on personal experience, personal type and emotion concern, we find that some people hold the idea of..., while others prefer... 基于个人经历、个性类型和情感关注的不同,我们发现有人持……的观点,而另外一些人则更喜欢…… 例句:Depending on personal experience, personal type and emotion concern, we find that some people hold the idea of living in the small town, while others prefer the big city. 基于个人经历、个性类型和情感关注的不同,我们发现有人喜欢生活在小城镇,而另外一些人则更喜欢大城市。 2.When asked about..., the vast/ overwhelming majority of/ most/ many/ quite a few people say/ think/ believe/ answer that... But... 当被问及……时,多数(大多数、许多)人认为(回答)……但是……例句:When asked about choosing living place, the vast people think that living in the big city is perfect. But I think living in the small town is the better choice. 当被问及在选择居住地方时,多数人认为居住在城市是很棒的。但是我觉得住在小城镇更好。 3.When it comes to ..., some think/ hold/ believe... 当提及……时,有人认为…… 例句:When it comes to sports, some believe basketball is the most popular one. 当提到运动时,有人认为篮球是最受欢迎的。 4.It has become apparent to us that... 对我们来说,……已经变得很明显了 例句:It has become apparent to us that living in a small town is more comfortable. 对我们来说,住在小城镇更加舒服。 5.Nowadays, it is commonly/ widely/ generally believed/ thought/ held that..., but I wonder/ doubt that... 如今,人们普遍认为……,但是我怀疑…… 例句:Nowadays, it is generally believed that living in a big city is convenient, but I doubt that living in a small country is more comfortable. 如今,人们普遍认为住在大城市更便利,但是我觉得住在小城镇更加舒服。 6.With the rapid growth of..., ...have/has become increasingly

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