JAVA学习过程论文中英文资料对照外文翻译文献

JAVA学习过程论文

中英文资料对照外文翻译文献

Java Learning Path process

Each person's study method is different, a person's method suits another person not necessarily, I only can discuss own study method. Because I study Java am study independently completely, has not asked others, therefore the study process basically is completely oneself tries to find out. I did not know whether this method is the quite good method, only could give everybody to provide refers.

Studies Java first step installs good JDK, writes Hello World? Actually the JDK study is not so simple, has two questions about JDK is very easy to puzzle the Java programmer continuously the place: Is the CLASSPATH question, actually said from the principle, is how must make clear JRE ClassLoader increase Class; Another question is package and the import question, how seeks the kind of way question. These two questions tried to find out clear, eliminated has studied Java and uses JDK the biggest barrier. The recommendation looked Wang Sen "the Java Depth Experiences dangers", has carried on the thorough discussion to these two questions

Second step is studies Java the grammar. The Java grammar is kind of C++, the basically mainstream programming language is not kind of C, is kind of C++, does not have what new thing, therefore the grammar study, probably was the quite a while time is enough. Only needs to pay attention is has the key words usage which several is not easy to make clear, public, protected, private, static, when uses, why has to use, how uses, this possible need some people to direct, I initially was own ponder over completely, has spent the very long time. But afterwards I saw above this book spoke these concepts to "Thinking in Java".

Third step is studies Java the object-oriented programming language characteristic place. For instance inherits, structure, abstract class, the connection, the method are many condition, heavy load, cover, Java exception handling mechanism. Said regarding a not object-oriented language background person that, I thought this process needs to spend the very long very long time, because studies in front of Java does not have C++ the experience, only then the C experience, I was have probably spent for a month, all made clear only then thoroughly these concepts, book example above repeatedly estimating, the revision, the attempt, repeatedly looked at that several chapter of contents, looked, looked has not gotten down 5, comprehended only then thoroughly. But I thought if has the C++ experience, should 12 days time be enough. Then in this process, may have a look "Thinking in Java" this book, opposite is extremely thorough to the object explanation. What a pity is I studies, has not seen to this book, therefore own have spent the massive time, and estimates through own attempt learns.

Fourth step starts a familiar Java kind of storehouse. The Java foundation class storehouse actually is JDK installs under the table of contents

jre\Lib\Rt.Jar this package. The study foundation class storehouse studies rt.Jar. Inside the foundation class storehouse kind are extremely extremely many. It is said some more than 3,000, I have not counted. But said the most core truly regarding us only then 4, respectively is

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/869456075.html,ng.*;

Java.Io.*;

Java.Util.*;

Java.Sql.*;

These four packages study, each package study all may write thick teaching material, but O'reilly also truly is does this. I thought if time quite tight, is impossible through to read four books to study. I thought the quite good study method is such:

First must read through entire package the frame, understood entire package class, interface, the exception constitution, should better be can find the introduction entire package frame the article. These introduced specially package of books the first several chapters should be these overall frame content introductions. Is not must be familiar with each kind of usage to the package of overall frame assurance, which attributes remembers it have, the method. Wants to record also cannot remember. But is must know which aspects the package does have a kind of constitution, these kind of uses are any, most core several classifications maybe complete any function. I in the time which trains to the human generally is a class speaks a package, therefore not impossible detailed introduction each kind of usage, but I repeatedly stress, how do I speak these packages to you am must tell you a kind of method am transfer, also does not request you to remember the kind of method transfer, but wants you to

understand, which kinds Java has provided to us, each kind is uses in any situation, when I meet the question the time, I knew which kind, or which several kind of combinations can solve my problem, That'all! When we write the procedure specifically time, so long as you knew which kind should complete your work with to be enough. Codes, the concrete method transfer, writes the code, Documentation, all things all inside Documentation, will not request you certainly to remember, are actual you also not to be able to remember more than 3,000 kinds altogether the nearly 100,000 methods transfers. Therefore changes to each package overall frame assurance extremely importantly.

Fifth step, through above study, if study the quite solid speech, built the Java foundation, is left over the work which had to do is sweeps clean inside Documentation besides above 4 packages other some comparisons to have the use the kind. Believed progressed to this step, Java studies independently the ability already to raise, might to study Documentation directly horizontal. Besides must make the GUI programming, inside JDK other can have the use the package is these:

Java.Text.*;

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/869456075.html,.*;

Javax.Naming.*;

These packages of inside real correct uses quite many kinds very are actually few, only then several, therefore does not need to spend the very much time.

Sixth step, Java Web programming

The Web programming core is the HTTP agreement, the HTTP agreement and Java irrelevant, if not familiar HTTP agreement, although also may learn

Servlet/JSP programming, but cannot achieve extrapolates, by knowing one method you will know all boundary. Therefore the HTTP agreement study is necessary. If has been familiar with HTTP agreement, also had the Java programming good foundation, studies Servlet/JSP is simply easy as pie, I study Servlet/JSP has used not to week-long time, then started with JSP to make the project. In Servlet/In the JSP study, heavy still was Servlet Documentation. Servlet the API most commonly used kind are very few, the flowered quite few time might grasp. These kinds all looked at, writes several examples to try. Servlet/The JSP programming essence is transferring these kinds to come repeatedly through the HTTP agreement converses between Web Server and Brower. Moreover to JSP, but also needs to be familiar with several commonly used JSP the mark, the concrete mode of writing cannot remember the speech, looks up temporarily and that's the end of.

In addition Java the Web programming study must place Web Application with emphasis in the design pattern, how carries on the service logic the analysis, and carries on the reasonable design, according to the MVC design pattern request, completes the different logical level separately using Servlet and JSP, how grasps carries on the flow between Servlet and JSP the control and data sharing, as well as how Web should Application dispose and the deployment.

Seventh step, J2EE programming

The above study process if is quite smooth, carries on to this step, the difficulty enhances suddenly. Because the above knowledge content all only involves an aspect, but likes EJB, JMS, core the and so on JTA J2EE standard often is several kind of Java technology synthesis utilization crystallization, therefore grasps the difficulty quite to be big.

First certainly must study good JNDI, JNDI is App the Server localization server resources (the EJB module, Datasouce, JMS) searches the method, if to JNDI not familiar, EJB, JMS these things cannot study nearly. JNDI actually is javax.Naming.* This package, utilizes is very simple. The difficulty lies in the server resources document the disposition. Regarding the server resources document disposition, needed to have a look the special documents to be standard, for instance web.Xml mode of writing, ejb-jar.Xml mode of writing and so on. In view of each kind of different App Server, but also has own service resources disposition document, also is needs to be familiar with.

Then may study JTA, mainly is must understand JTA regarding business control method, as well as should use JTA in any situation. Here may simple cite an example, we knew the ordinary circumstances may carry on business regarding a database connection (conn.SetAutoCommit (false)....,https://www.sodocs.net/doc/869456075.html,mit ()), does is an atomic operation, but the supposition my service demand is needs to hold artificially to two different databases is an atomic operation, you can do to? At this time only could use JTA. The supposition operating process inserts a record first toward the A database, then deletes the B database another record, we wrote the code are cannot control entire hold artificially are an atomic operation. With the JTA speech, completes the control by App Server.

In studies in front of EJB must study the object sequence and RMI, RMI is the EJB foundation. Then studies JMS and EJB, said regarding EJB, most is essential is must understand how EJB is realizes through RMI to the far-end object transfer, as well as must use in any situation to EJB.

In studies EJB, after JMS these things, you possibly can realize must extremely anxiously study two domains the knowledge, is UML, another is

Design Pattern. The Java enterprise software design takes the frame extremely (Framework) the design, a good software frame is the software develops the successful essential condition. In this time, should start the study key point to place the design pattern and in the frame study, experiences through the study and the actual programming grasps EJB the design pattern and the J2EE core pattern.

Inside J2EE standard, except EJB, JMS, JTA, Servlet/JSP, outside JDBC also has the very many very many enterprises technology, here 11 did not carry on introduced

Moreover also has newest domain Web Services. Web Services also completely does not have any new thing, it likes is one kind of adhesive, may unify the different service provides a unified transfer connection, said as the user, I so long as obtain the service provider for mine WSDL (to service description), has sufficed, I did not know completely the server tenderer provides actually the service is the EJB module,The Net module, any CORBA module, other any realizations, I do not need to know. Web the Services greatest place lies in through the unified service provides the way and the transfer way, has realized the entire Internet service sharing, is an extremely excited area of technology. Web Services resembles at present not to have any very good books, but may through look up the material above the network the way to study.

JA V A学习过程

每个人的学习方法是不同的，一个人的方法不见得适合另一个人，我只能是谈自己的学习方法。因为我学习Java是完全自学的，从来没有问过别人，所以学习的过程基本上完全是自己摸索出来的。我也不知道这种方法是否是比较好的方法，只能给大家提供一点参考了。

学习Java的第一步是安装好JDK，写一个Hello World，其实JDK的学习没有那么简单，关于JDK有两个问题是很容易一直困扰Java程序员的地方：一个是CLASSPATH的问题，其实从原理上来说，是要搞清楚JRE 的ClassLoader是如何加载Class的；另一个问题是package和import问题，如何来寻找类的路径问题。把这两个问题摸索清楚了，就扫除了学习Java 和使用JDK的最大障碍。推荐看一下王森的《Java深度历险》，对这两个问题进行了深入的探讨。

第二步是学习Java的语法。Java的语法是类C++的，基本上主流的编程语言不是类C，就是类C++的，没有什么新东西，所以语法的学习，大概就是半天的时间足够了。唯一需要注意的是有几个不容易搞清楚的关键字的用法，public，protected，private，static，什么时候用，为什么要用，怎么用，这可能需要有人来指点一下，我当初是完全自己琢磨出来的，花了很久的时间。不过后来我看到《Thinking in Java》这本书上面是讲了这些概念的。

第三步是学习Java的面向对象的编程语言的特性的地方。比如继承，构造器，抽象类，接口，方法的多态，重载，覆盖，Java的异常处理机制。对于一个没有面向对象语言背景的人来说，我觉得这个过程需要花很长很长时间，因为学习Java之前没有C++的经验，只有C的经验，我是大概花了一个月左右吧，才彻底把这些概念都搞清楚，把书上面的例子反复的揣

摩，修改，尝试，把那几章内容反复的看过来，看过去，看了不下5遍，才彻底领悟了。不过我想如果有C++经验的话，应该一两天时间足够了。那么在这个过程中，可以多看看《Thinking in Java》这本书，对面向对象的讲解非常透彻。可惜的是我学习的时候，并没有看到这本书，所以自己花了大量的时间，通过自己的尝试和揣摩来学会的。

第四步就是开始熟悉Java的类库。Java的基础类库其实就是JDK安装目录下面jre\lib\rt.jar这个包。学习基础类库就是学习rt.jar。基础类库里面的类非常非常多。据说有3000多个，我没有统计过。但是真正对于我们来说最核心的只有4个，分别是:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/869456075.html,ng.*;

java.io.*;

java.util.*;

java.sql.*;

这四个包的学习，每个包的学习都可以写成一本厚厚的教材，而O'reilly 也确实是这样做的。我觉得如果时间比较紧，是不可能通过读四本书来学习。我觉得比较好的学习方法是这样的：

首先要通读整个package的框架，了解整个package的class，interface，exception的构成，最好是能够找到介绍整个包框架的文章。这些专门介绍包的书籍的前几章应该就是这些总体的框架内容介绍。

对包整体框架的把握并不是要熟悉每个类的用法，记住它有哪些属性，方法。想记也记不住的。而是要知道包有哪些方面的类构成的，这些类的用途是什么，最核心的几个类分别是完成什么功能的。我在给人培训的时候一般是一次课讲一个包，所以不可能详细的介绍每个类的用法，但是我反复强调，我给你们讲这些包的不是要告诉你们类的方法是怎么调用的，也不要求你们记住类的方法调用，而是要你们了解，Java给我们提供了哪

些类，每个类是用在什么场合，当我遇到问题的时候，我知道哪个类，或者哪几个类的组合可以解决我的问题，That'all！，当我们具体写程序的时候，只要你知道该用哪个类来完成你的工作就足够了。编码的时候，具体的方法调用，是边写代码，边查Documentation，所有的东西都在Documentation 里面，不要求你一定记住，实际你也记不住3000多个类的总共将近10万个方法调用。所以对每个包的总体框架的把握就变得极为重要。第五步，通过上面的学习，如果学的比较扎实的话，就打好了Java的基础了，剩下要做的工作是扫清Documentation里面除了上面4个包之外的其他一些比较有用处的类。相信进展到这一步，Java的自学能力已经被培养出来了，可以到了直接学习Documentation的水平了。除了要做GUI编程之外，JDK 里面其他会有用处的包是这些：

java.text.*;

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/869456075.html,.*;

javax.naming.*;

这些包里面真正用的比较多的类其实很少，只有几个，所以不需要花很多时间。

第六步，Java Web 编程

Web编程的核心是HTTP协议，HTTP协议和Java无关，如果不熟悉HTTP协议的话，虽然也可以学好Servlet/JSP编程，但是达不到举一反三，一通百通的境界。所以HTTP协议的学习是必备的。如果熟悉了HTTP协议的话，又有了Java编程的良好的基础，学习Servlet/JSP简直易如反掌，我学习Servlet/JSP就用了不到一周的时间，然后就开始用JSP来做项目了。在Servlet/JSP的学习中，重头仍然是Servlet Documentation。Servlet API最常用的类很少，花比较少的时间就可以掌握了。把这些类都看一遍，多写几个例子试试。Servlet/JSP编程本质就是在反复调用这些类来通过HTTP

论文外文文献翻译3000字左右

南京航空航天大学金城学院 毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译 系部经济系 专业国际经济与贸易 学生姓名陈雅琼学号2011051115 指导教师邓晶职称副教授 2015年5月

Economic policy,tourism trade and productive diversification （Excerpt） Iza Lejárraga,Peter Walkenhorst The broad lesson that can be inferred from the analysis is that promoting tourism linkages with the productive capabilities of a host country is a multi-faceted approach influenced by a variety of country conditions.Among these,fixed or semi-fixed factors of production,such as land,labor,or capital,seem to have a relatively minor influence.Within the domain of natural endowments,only agricultural capital emerged as significant.This is a result that corresponds to expectations,given that foods and beverages are the primary source of demand in the tourism economy.Hence,investments in agricultural technology may foment linkages with the tourism market.It is also worth mentioning that for significant backward linkages to emerge with local agriculture,a larger scale of tourism may be important. According to the regression results,a strong tourism–agriculture nexus will not necessarily develop at a small scale of tourism demand. It appears that variables related to the entrepreneurial capital of the host economy are of notable explanatory significance.The human development index(HDI), which is used to measure a country's general level of development,is significantly and positively associated with tourism linkages.One plausible explanation for this is that international tourists,who often originate in high-income countries,may feel more comfortable and thus be inclined to consume more in a host country that has a life-style to which they can relate easily.Moreover,it is important to remember that the HDI also captures the relative achievements of countries in the level of health and education of the population.Therefore,a higher HDI reflects a healthier and more educated workforce,and thus,the quality of local entrepreneurship.Related to this point,it is important to underscore that the level of participation of women in the host economy also has a significantly positive effect on linkages.In sum, enhancing local entrepreneurial capital may expand the linkages between tourism and other sectors of the host country.

外文翻译java

外文资料译文及原文 Java Java I/O 系统 对编程语言的设计者来说，创建一套好的输入输出(I/O)系统，是一项难度极高的任务。 这一点可以从解决方案的数量之多上看出端倪。这个问题难就难在它要面对的可能性太多了。不仅是因为有那么多I/O的源和目地(文件，控制台，网络连接等等)，而且还有很多方法(顺序的『sequential』，随机的『random-access』，缓存的『buffered』，二进制的『binary』，字符方式的『character』，行的『by lines』，字的『by words』，等等)。 Java类库的设计者们用"创建很多类"的办法来解决这个问题。坦率地说Java I/O系统的类实在是太多了，以至于初看起来会把人吓着（但是，具有讽刺意味的是，这种设计实际上是限制了类的爆炸性增长）。此外，Java在1.0版之后又对其I/O类库作了重大的修改，原先是面向byte的，现在又补充了面向Unicode字符的类库。为了提高性能，完善功能，JDK 1.4又加了一个nio(意思是"new I/O"。这个名字会用上很多年)。这么以来，如果你想对Java的I/O 类库有个全面了解，并且做到运用自如，你就得先学习大量的类。此外，了解 I/O类库的演化的历史也是相当重要的。可能你的第一反应是"别拿什么历史来烦我了，告诉我怎么用就可以了！"但问题是，如果你对这段历史一无所知，很快就会被一些有用或是没用的类给搞糊涂了。

本章会介绍Java标准类库中的各种I/O类，及其使用方法。 File 类 在介绍直接从流里读写数据的类之前，我们先介绍一下处理文件和目录的类。 File类有一个极具欺骗性的名字；或许你会认为这是一个关于文件的类，但它不是。你可以用它来表示某个文件的名字，也可以用它来表示目录里一组文件的名字。如果它表示的是一组文件，那么你还可以用list( )方法来进行查询，让它会返回String数组。由于元素数量是固定的，因此数组会比容器更好一些。如果你想要获取另一个目录的清单，再建一个File对象就是了。实际上，叫它"FilePath"可能会更好一些。下面我们举例说明怎样使用这个类及其相关的FilenameFilter接口。 目录列表器 假设你想看看这个目录。有两个办法。一是不带参数调用list( )。它返回的是File对象所含内容的完整清单。但是，如果你要的是一个"限制性列表(restricted list)"的话——比方说，你想看看所有扩展名为.java的文件——那么你就得使用"目录过滤器"了。这是一个专门负责挑选显示File对象的内容的类。 下面就是源代码。看看，用了java.utils.Arrays.sort( )和11章的AlphabeticComparator之后，我们没费吹灰之力就对结果作了排序(按字母顺序)： //: c12:DirList.java // Displays directory listing using regular expressions. // {Args: "D.*\.java"} import java.io.*; import java.util.*; import java.util.regex.*; import com.bruceeckel.util.*; public class DirList { public static void main(String[] args) { File path = new File("."); String[] list; if(args.length == 0) list = path.list(); else list = path.list(new DirFilter(args[0])); Arrays.sort(list, new AlphabeticComparator());

毕业论文英文参考文献与译文

Inventory management Inventory Control On the so-called "inventory control", many people will interpret it as a "storage management", which is actually a big distortion. The traditional narrow view, mainly for warehouse inventory control of materials for inventory, data processing, storage, distribution, etc., through the implementation of anti-corrosion, temperature and humidity control means, to make the custody of the physical inventory to maintain optimum purposes. This is just a form of inventory control, or can be defined as the physical inventory control. How, then, from a broad perspective to understand inventory control? Inventory control should be related to the company's financial and operational objectives, in particular operating cash flow by optimizing the entire demand and supply chain management processes (DSCM), a reasonable set of ERP control strategy, and supported by appropriate information processing tools, tools to achieved in ensuring the timely delivery of the premise, as far as possible to reduce inventory levels, reducing inventory and obsolescence, the risk of devaluation. In this sense, the physical inventory control to achieve financial goals is just a means to control the entire inventory or just a necessary part; from the perspective of organizational functions, physical inventory control, warehouse management is mainly the responsibility of The broad inventory control is the demand and supply chain management, and the whole company's responsibility. Why until now many people's understanding of inventory control, limited physical inventory control? The following two reasons can not be ignored: First, our enterprises do not attach importance to inventory control. Especially those who benefit relatively good business, as long as there is money on the few people to consider the problem of inventory turnover. Inventory control is simply interpreted as warehouse management, unless the time to spend money, it may have been to see the inventory problem, and see the results are often very simple procurement to buy more, or did not do warehouse departments . Second, ERP misleading. Invoicing software is simple audacity to call it ERP, companies on their so-called ERP can reduce the number of inventory, inventory control, seems to rely on their small software can get. Even as SAP, BAAN ERP world, the field of

毕业论文参考文献格式示例

例： 参考文献： [1]毛蕴诗. 跨国公司战略竞争与国际直接投资[M].广州: 中山大学出版社 [2]ALEXANDER N. International Retailing [M].Oxford:Blackwell Business,1997 .日本税法[M].战宪斌,郑林根,译.北京:法律出版社.信息技术与信息服务[M]//许厚泽,赵其国.信息技术与应用.,於方,蒋红强,等. 建立中国绿色GDP 核算体系:机遇、挑战与对策[C]//潘岳,绿色GDP 核算体系国际研讨会论文集. 北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2004:35-42. 黄祖洽.软凝聚态物理研究进展[J].北京师范大学学报:自然科学版,2005,41(1) :N, MYERS H. European Retail Expansion in South East Asia[J].European 1999,34(2): 45-50. 丁文祥.数字革命与竞争国际化[N]. 中国青年报, 2000-11-20 (15). 张志祥.间断动力系统的随机扰动及其在守恒律方程中的应用[D].北京:北京大学数学学院,1998. 冯西桥.核反应堆压力管 道与压力容器的LBB 分析[R].北京:清华大学核能技术设计研究院莫少强.数字式中文全文文献格式的设计与研究[J/OL].情报学报,1999,18(4):https://www.sodocs.net/doc/869456075.html,/periodical/qbxb/qbxb990407.htm. 奚纪荣,邱志方.武略文韬:军事知识趣谈[M/OL].上海: 汉语大词典出版社, 2001: [13]杜莲.“9·11”事件影响英国出版news/20010929/200109290016.htm. 英文作者姓名全部 用大写字母

文献综述,外文翻译,论文网站

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Technique summary on the deformation monitoring towards the high side-slope of the diversion tunnel Abstract.This paper discusses in length the deformation monitoring towards the high side-slope of the diversion tunnel. The diversion tunnel lies on the left side of the dam. Its main task is to diverse the water so that the construction on the dam can be fulfilled successfully. On one hand, it tells us how to build the plane (two-dimensional) control network and how to conduct the horizontal displacement; on the other hand, it tells us how to set up the vertical control network and how to carry out the vertical displacement. Keywords:diversion tunnel, high side-slope, deformation monitoring, Horizontal displacement, vertical displacement 1 Introduction to the diversion tunnel The diversion tunnel and its related projects lies on the opposite side of the underground workplace, namely, the left bank of the Shuibuya Valley. Its natural slope is 255 meters high, consisting of soft rocks and hard rocks. The geological structure is so complicated. Specifically speaking, the slope contains two parts, with the above part hard and the below part soft; meanwhile, it also contains lots of fissures. To protect the worker’s safety during the construction period, it is quite necessary to carry out the rigorous monitoring towards the high side-slope. 2 Coordinate system (1)Beijing Geodetic Coordinate System, 1954; (2)Wusong Altitude system, 1956; (3)Gauss projection 3° Zone; (4)Central Meridian 111°. 3 Introdution to deformation of Structures When the structure is being constructed and in use, so many factors will cause five phenomena, such as: structure subsidence, structure displacement, structure oblique and structure fissure etc. These factors mainly include: the uneven geological component of the foundation, the difference of the physical attribute of the soil, the rigid deformation of the soil, the change in the underground water, the change of the atmospheric temperature, the self