高级英语复习笔记

第一单元

“... times were tough, money was short, anxiety was rife and the pawnshop was a familiar destination for many families, including mine.”

Paraphrase: ... life was hard. Everyone was short of money. They were caught up in endless worries. Many families often went to the pawnshop to pawn the things they had for a little money, and my family was no exception

“Yet I could not have asked for more enterprising and optimistic parents”

Paraphrase: However I had the most adaptable and optimistic parents in the world.

“could turn his hand to almost anything”

Paraphrase: was capable of doing almost anything

“... my clothes were ironed to a knife-edge, and shoes po lished to a gleam ...”

Explanation: Rhetorically, “to a knife-edge” and “to a gleam” are hyperboles meaning “(my clothes were ironed) to the degree that they look like a knife-edge” and “(my shoes were polished) until they gleamed.”

“While Mum had scrimped and saved to obtain most of the gear, I still didn’t have the prescribed blue blazer and hatband.”

Paraphrase: Though Mum had tried to spend as little money as possible in order to buy most of the clothes required by the school, she still couldn’t affor d the blue blazer and hatband. “Because of the war, rationing was in place and most schools had relaxed their attitude towards proper uniforms, knowing how hard it was to obtain clothes.”

Paraphrase: Because of the war, the government implemented a system of limiting the amount of almost everything that each person was allowed to have, and most schools had subjected their students to less rigid dress codes, because they were fully aware that it was not easy for the students to get the proper clothes.

“who ran the daily assembly”

Paraphrase: who was responsible for the school daily assembly

“made it her mission to ...”

Paraphrase: assumed responsibility to ...

“Despite my attempts at explaining why I couldn’t comply ...”

Paraphrase: Even though I tried my best to explain why I was unable to meet the school’s clothing requirements...

“battle back tears”

Paraphrase: tried hard to hold back her tears

“My punishment also extended to being barred from the gym team or to not taking part in the weekly ballroom dan cing classes, which I adored.”

Paraphrase: My punishment did not end there. I was not allowed to join the gym team or to attend the weekly ballroom dancing classes, which I loved very much.

“However, in my 12-year-old mind I had no choice but to see the punishment through.” Paraphrase: However, I was only a 12-year-old girl. I thought I had no alternative but to go through the punishment.

“speak up for me”

Paraphrase: express her opinion publicly for me

“... he would have instantly been on the warpath in my defence.”

Paraphrase: ... he would have got very angry and wanted to fight immediately in order to protect

me.

“I was beside myself with excitement: my imagination fuelled by glamorous shots of the popular Hollywood temptresses.”

Paraphrase: I was extremely excited when I imagined myself in attractive pictures like those of popular actresses in Hollywood.

“She had no hint of the torment I faced.”

Paraphrase: She had no idea at all what kind of suffering I had to endure in the school. “Heavy-hearted, I dragged myself to school ...”

Paraphrase: I walked slowly and unwillingly to school with a very sad feeling ...

“an emerald green target in a sea of blue”

Paraphrase: my green dress making me even more conspicuous among the blue school uniforms “of my own accord”

Paraphrase: without being asked or forced

“Tears of frustration threatened to break free ...”

Paraphrase:I could hardly hold back my tears because of frustration...

“... I wondered for the umpteenth time why the unfeeling teacher couldn’t look past my clothes for once ...”

Paraphrase: ... I wondered, as I had many, many times before, why the unsympathetic teacher couldn’t overlook my clothes for once...

“I consoled myself that I could at least lose myself in Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities for a while at the back of the class to recover and regain my composure.”

Paraphrase: I cheered myself up by thinking that I could at least escape from the everyday reality into the fantasy world of A Tale of Two Cities created by Charles Dickens for a while at the back of the class to calm myself down and to get back my self-control.

“... I had always tried my harde st not to show how miserable I was at being singled out time after time.”

Paraphrase: ... I had always tried my best to hide my misery when I was picked out by the teachers as a target of criticism and humiliation again and again.

“And then she came out with the most welcome sentence I had ever heard at that mean-spirited place.”

Paraphrase: And then suddenly she uttered the most agreeable sentence I had ever heard at that cruel school.

“I am only sorry that I shall have the pleasure of looking at you for just one lesson and not the entire day.”

Paraphrase: I only regret that I can enjoy looking at you for just one lesson and not the whole day.

“The block of ice that was my young heart thawed instantly ...”

Paraphrase: My young heart was filled with warmth immediately...

“... English Literature was her forte ...”

Paraphrase: ... she was good at English Literature...

第三单元

“Of course, there are many books that we all have to read, either t o pass examinations or to acquire information, from which it is impossible to extract enjoyment.”

Paraphrase: Of course there are many books that are not interesting at all. In spite of that, we

still have to read them because they can help us pass examinations or provide us with necessary information.

“enable us to get through them without tedium”

Paraphrase: enable us to finish our reading without getting bored

“Such books we read with resignation rather than with alacrity.”

Paraphrase:We read such books because we have to, not because we love to.

“That, however, they cannot do unless you enjoy reading them.”

Paraphrase: However, they cannot do that unless you enjoy reading them.

“I wish to deal only with the masterpieces which the consensus of opini on for a long time has accepted as supreme.”

Paraphrase: I wish to deal only with the books that have been accepted by everyone as great works.

“to which the historians of literature devote considerable space”

Paraphrase: on which scholars of the history of literature write a lot of critical papers and comments on them

“They are important to the students, but changing times and changing tastes have robbed them of their savour and it is hard to read them now without an effort of will.”Paraphrase: Those books are good ones and they are important to the students, but with the changing of times, people’s attitudes and tastes towards these types of books also changed. So now students may not like them very much and they need to make a great effort to read them. “put my hand on my heart”

Paraphrase: Putting one’s hand on one’s heart is a sign of being honest and sincere, and is often used together with a verbal oath or solemn claim.

“Now of such books as this I mean to say nothing.”

Paraphrase: The norm al sentence order should be: “Now I mean to say nothing of such books as this.”

“Whatever the learned say about a book, however unanimous they are in their praise of it, unless it interests you, it is no business of yours.”

Paraphrase: Even though many sc holars highly praise a book, you don’t have to read it at all if you don’t find it interesting.

“Don’t forget that critics often make mistakes — the history of criticism is full of the blunders the most eminent of them have made, and you who read are the final judge of the value to you of the book you are reading.”

Paraphrase: Even the most famous critics make a lot of mistakes about books, as has been proved throughout the history of criticism. In the final analysis, only you, the reader, are in a position to make judgments about how valuable a book is to you.

“... they will be of no service to you ...”

Paraphrase:... they will not be helpful to you …

“... but its consequences may be such that the sensible person eschews certain varieties of it.”Paraphrase: ... but the consequences of some kinds of pleasure would make the sensible person try to avoid them.

“They are wise in their generation who have discovered that intellectual pleasure is the most satisfying and the most enduring.”

Paraphrase: Those people who have discovered that intellectual pleasure is the most satisfying

and the most enduring are wise people in their generation.

“... I would not go so far as to pretend that to read a book will assuage the pangs of hunger or still the pain of unrequite d love ...”

Paraphrase: ... I don’t want to pretend that reading a book can ease one’s hunger or kill the pain of unreturned love ...

“... to snap his fingers at the worst cold in the head.”

Paraphrase: This means the reader is so absorbed in good detective stories that he/she pays no attention to the fact that he/she is ill.

“It sets me off for the day.”

Paraphrase: It gets me prepared for the work of the day.

“Later on, when my work is done and I feel at ease, but not inclined for mental exercise of a strenuous character, I read history, essays, criticism or biography; and in the evening I read a novel.”

Paraphrase: Later on, when I finish my work, and I feel relaxed, and don’t want to beat my brains, I usually read history, essays, criticism or biography, and in the evening I read a novel.

“one of those books ... which you can dip into at any place.”

Paraphrase: one of those books ... of which you can read a couple of pages or a few lines at any place

“be bothered with the moral dissertations.”

Paraphrase: be tired with long pieces of writing on moral issues

“... I have not done it justice ...”

Paraphrase: ... I have not read the book thoroughly in the way I should have ... In other words, it deserves a more thorough reading.

“... when once I begin to skip, I cannot stop, and end the book dissatisfied with myself because I am aware I have not done it justice, and then I am apt to think that I might just well never have read it at all.”

Paraphrase: ... once I begin to skip while reading a book, I cannot stop and I will end up skipping most parts of the book. So after I finish reading the book, I always feel guilty because I think I have not paid the book the serious attention that it deserves. Then I would wish I had never read it at all.

第五单元

“In grave discussions of “the renaissance of the irrational” in our time, superstition does not figure largely as a serious challenge to reason or science.”

Paraphrase：In serious discussions of “the renaissance of the irrational” in our time, people don’t think that superstition is a great threat to reason or science.

“an unacknowledged hold on so many of us”

Paraphrase：unrecognized influence over so many of us

“... I see superstition in its four manifestations, alive and flourishing among people who are indisputably rational and learned.”

Paraphrase：... I see four ways in which superstition shows itself, very actively, among those people who are undoubtedly reasonable and well-educated.

... when I asked him why, he replied, with a wink, that it was “to hit the Devil in the eye.”Paraphrase：... when I asked him why he threw salt over his shoulder, he answered, jokingly, that it was “to hit the Devil in the eye.”

“There are thousands of people on this continent who appeal to the I Ching, and their general level of education seems to absolve them of superstition.”

Paraphrase：There are thousands of people on this continent who are fascinated by the I Ching, and their level of education seems high enough to free them from superstition.

“... he did not think he was pricing God cheap ...”

Paraphrase：... he didn’t feel that offering God two dollars for help was too little ... “Investigation revealed that an engineering student, worried about a girl, thought that bribery of the Deity might help.”

Paraphrase：Investigation disclosed that a student majoring in engineering, worried about a girl, thought God might help him if he could offer Him money.

“Most people keep their terror within bounds, but they cannot root it out, nor do they seem to want to do so.”

Paraphrase：Most people can control their terror, but they cannot get rid of it, and they don’t seem to want to do so.

“It may persist even among the greatly learned and devout ...”

Paraphrase：Even many greatly learned and devout people may also be superstitious ... “Many superstitions are so widespread and so old that they must have risen from a depth of the human mind t hat is indifferent to race or creed.”

Paraphrase：Many superstitions are so common and so old that they must have been deeply rooted in the human mind. They have nothing to do with race or religious belief.

i... that far antedates the religions ...

Paraphrase：... that has a much longer history than the religions ...

“...the fashion magazines count them among their most popular features.” Paraphrase：... astrology columns are considered one of the highlights of the fashion magazines. “When has the heart of man given a damn for science?”

Paraphrase：The heart of man has never cared about science at all.

“Superstition in general is linked to man’s yearning to know his fate, and to have some hand in deciding it.”

Paraphrase：Generally speaking, superst ition is connected to man’s desire to know his fate, and to find some way to control it.

y“I am not one to stand aloof from the rest of humanity in this matter ...”

Paraphrase：As far as superstition is concerned, I am not much different from others ... “Now, I am humbler.”

Paraphrase：Now I am no longer so proud. / Now I am not so sure that it was simply a joke.

第八单元

“when to hold fast and when to let go”

Paraphrase: when to grasp something in your hand firmly and when to release it

“For life is a paradox: it enjoins us to cling to its many gifts even while it ordains their eventual relinquishment.”

Paraphrase: For life is a paradox: On one side, it encourages us to hold on to all those beautiful things it can offer us, on the other side, it commands us to let all of them go in the end. “Surely we ought to hold fast to life, for it is wondrous, and full of a be auty that breaks through every pore of the earth.”

Paraphrase: We must value every day we live, for it is surprisingly good, and from every little hole

on the earth something beautiful springs up.

“We remember a beauty that faded, a love that waned.”

Paraphrase: We’ll always remember a beauty that dimmed or a love that diminished.

“The required machines were located in a building at the opposite end of the hospital, so I had to be wheeled across the courtyard on a gurney.”

Paraphrase: I was pushed across the courtyard on a gurney to the other side of the hospital where the necessary equipment was, in order to take some tests.

“... the sunlight hit me.”

Paraphrase: ... the sunlight suddenly shone upon me with force.

“That’s all there was to my experience.”

Paraphrase: That is the only thing I experienced at that moment — the sunlight.

“Then I remembered how often I, too, had been indifferent to the grandeur of each day, too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the splendor of it all.”

Paraphrase:Then I remembered how often I, too, had ignored the magnificence of each day, since I was too busy with insignificant and even unpleasant things.

“The insight gleaned from that experience is really as commonplace as was t he experience itself: life’s gifts are precious —but we are too heedless of them.”

Paraphrase: What we have learned from that experience is, in fact, nothing unusual: Life is full of wonderful experiences, but we seldom give them the attention they deserve.

“Never be too busy for the wonder and the awe of life.”

Paraphrase: We should always manage to squeeze some time out of our daily routine to show respect to the marvels and wonders of life.

“Hold fast to life ... but not so fast that you cannot let go.”

Paraphrase: Cherish every day we live ... but when it is time to give things up, we should be able to do so.

“But then life moves along to confront us with realities, and slowly but surely this second truth dawns upon us.”

Paraphrase: But then life goes on and we have to face realities. Little by little, we are sure to become aware of the second truth.

“At every stage of life we sustain losses —and grow in the process.”

Paraphrase: At every stage of life we suffer losses — and we mature in the process.

“... when we emerge from the womb and lose its protective shelter.”

Paraphrase: ... when we are born and lose the protection of our mother’s womb.

“enter a progression of schools”

Paraphrase: enter schools one after another in a progressive way (from kindergarten to college) “... as the parable of the open and closed hand suggests ...”

Paraphrase: Here the author refers to the saying of the rabbis in ancient times mentioned in “But why should we be reconciled to life’s contradictory demands?”

Paraphrase: But why should we be prepared to accept life’s paradoxical demands?

“In order to resolve this paradox, we must seek a wider perspective, viewing our lives as through windows that open on eternity.”

Paraphrase: In order to get to the bottom of this paradox, we must try to see further and wider. Then we’ll be able to realize that human life is something that can last for ever.

“The institutions we build endure, and we will endure through them.”

Paraphrase: The social systems and customs we create will continue to exist, and thus our influence also.

“Our flesh may perish, our hands will wither, but that which they create in beauty and goodness and truth lives on for all time to come.”

Paraphrase: Our body may die, our hands will become dry and decay, but the beauty, the goodness, and the truth that they have created will continue to exist for eternity.

“Pursue not so much the material as the ideal, for ideals alone invest life with meaning and ar e of enduring worth.”

Paraphrase: Do not put too much value on the material, because only ideals can add meaning to life and be of lasting value.

“Add justice to the far-flung round of human endeavor and you have civilization”Paraphrase: We will have civilization, if we add justice to our continuous efforts far and wide. “... you have a future lighted with the radiant colors of hope.”

Paraphrase: ... you have a bright future full of hope.

第十一单元

“blast it”

Paraphrase: a curse, a little milder than “damn it.”

“Still, it is the first property that I have owned, so it is right that other people should participate in my shame ...”

Paraphrase: In spite of everything, it is the first estate that I have ever possessed, so it is right that other people should share awareness of my shame...

“in accents that will vary in horror”

Paraphrase: in tones that will differ to reflect the degree of horror felt

“What is the effect of property upon the character?”

Paraphrase: How does the possession of property affect one’s personality?

“In the first place, it makes me feel heavy.”

Paraphrase: First of all, it is a kind of burden on me.

“being woven into the robe of God”

Paraphrase: being accepted and protected by God

“... the ascent of a fourteen-stone bishop into a pulpit is thus the exact antithesis of the coming of the Son of Man.”

Paraphrase: ... a very fat bishop climbing with difficulty into his platform to give his sermon, and Jesus Christ coming down so gracefully from heaven, are two pictures in striking contrast.

“On coming nearer, I saw it was not a man who had trodden on the twig and snapped it, but a bird, and I felt pleased.”

Paraphrase: When I came nearer, I saw it was not a man who had walked on the twig and broken it, but a bird, and I was delighted.

“Something seemed grossly amiss here ...”

Paraphrase: Something seemed completely wrong here...

“I could not suppose that my wood was the destined nucleus of universal dominion ...”Paraphrase: I didn’t think that my wood was meant to be the center of universal power and control ...

“They spring from a foolish desire to express myself and from an inability to enjoy what I have

got.”

Paraphrase: These impulses are the result of a foolish desire to express myself and of a failure to enjoy what I have got.

“Creation, property, enjoyment form a sinister trinity in the human mind.”

Paraphrase: Creation, property, enjoyment form a vicious union in the human mind.

“Yet we don’t know how to shun it.”

Paraphrase: But we don’t know how to avoid it.

“... they are still entangled with the desire for ownership ...”

Paraphrase: .. they are still mixed with the desire for ownership ...

“Possession is one with loss.”

Paraphrase: Possession is accompanied by loss. When one possesses something he desires, one loses something else at the same time.

There is a wood near Lyme Regis, also cursed by a public footpath ...

Paraphrase: There is a wood near Lyme Regis, which is also undesirably traversed by a public footpath ...

“He had built high stone walls on each side of the path, and has spanned it by bridges, so that the public circulate like termites while he gorges on the blackberries unse en.” Paraphrase: He had built high stone walls on each side of the path, and also built bridges between the two sides, so that while other people are walking under the bridges like white ants, he can enjoy his blackberries alone without being seen.

“And perhaps I shall come to this in time.”

Paraphrase: And perhaps I shall eventually behave just like that.

第一单元

1). The office was rife with rumors.

2). Ann rationed out the cake between the children.

3). The arrangements are all in place for the concert next Thursday.

4). There are serious penalties for failure to comply with the regulations.

5). The course would take me three years to complete, but I was determined to see it through.

6). She has often spoken up for the rights of working mothers.

7). If there was one thing she couldn’t face in the morning it was her mother on the warpath.

8). He was beside himself with grief when she died.

9). Don’t drag me into your argument! It has nothing to do with me.

10). I spent the whole weekend trudging through this report, and I still haven’t finished reading it.

11). She came of her own accord. No one asked her to come.

12). It’s not fair the way my sister is always singled out for special treatment.

1).这家公司是由几名有事业心的年轻人创立的。(enterprising)

→The company was started by a couple of enterprising young men.

2). 那是他唯一一次自己在午夜前睡觉的，因为他实在太累了。(of one’s own accord)

→It was the only time when he went to bed of his own accord before midnight, because he was really too tired.

3). 经过长时间的仔细酝酿，书才得以完成。(meticulous)

→Many hours of meticulous preparation have gone into writing the book.

4). 她从头到脚穿着一身黑。(be attired)

→She was attired from head to foot in black.

5). 为攒我们去度假的钱，我节衣缩食整整一年。(scrimp and save)

→I’ve been scrimping and saving all year to pay for our holiday.

scrimp and save: to be very thrifty; to live on very little money, often in order to save up for something.

6). 我知道他是好意，但我希望他别来管我们。(well-meaning)

→I know he’s well-meaning, but I wish he’d leave us alone.

7). 当有人指出他犯了错误时，他非常生气。(indignant)

→He became very indignant when it was suggested he had made a mistake.

8). 说了多少次了，安东尼，刀子和叉子要放入中间的抽屉！(umpteen)

→I’ve told you for umpteen times, Anthony, knives and forks go in the middle drawer!

9). 缝纫恐怕不是我的专长。(forte)

→I’m afraid sewing isn’t one of my fortes.

10). 观众热烈的欢迎使她十分高兴。(buoy)

→She was buoyed by the warm reception her audience gave her.

The foreign students at New York University come from more than 130 countries. Fifty percent are from Asia, especially South Korea, Japan and China. Foreign students are studying in all fourteen schools within the university. These include arts and sciences, law, business and education. Seventy-five percent of the foreign students are in graduate school. About twenty-five percent are in four-year programs that lead to a bachelor’s degree.

The cost of attending New York University is different in each of its schools. For example, one year of study at the Wagner Graduate School of Public Service costs about $19,000. Some other schools within NYU cost more. Some cost less. The housing cost is about $9,000 a year.

Bachelor’s degree students at NYU can borrow money from financial institutions to help pay for their studies. Foreign students in graduate school at NYU can get teaching or research jobs at the university. They can also get loans from financial institutions.

第三单元

1). She didn’t really do justice to herself in the interview.

2. He resigned from the company to take a more challenging job.

3). A last-minute injury robbed me of my place on the team.

4). It’s the sort of book you can just dip into now and again.

5). That bit of the form is for foreigners —it doesn’t apply to you.

6). No one seemed inclined to help.

7). I’m 17, but I’m still classed as a child when I travel by bus.

8). She’s in her eight ies now and apt to be a bit forgetful.

9). She’s finally stopped crying —now don’t set her off again.

10). The oil which is extracted from olives is used for cooking.

11). The thief broke into the office while his accomplice stalled off the security guard.

12). He received the news of his mother’s death with remarkable equanimity.

1). 她欣然接受了那笔钱。(with alacrity)

→She accepted the money with alacrity.

2). 但是他并未能从胜利中获得满足，因为他发现有个无辜的男孩在战斗中被杀死了。

(extract)

→However, he could extract no satisfaction from the victory, because he found that an innocent boy had been killed in the battle.

3). 关于这一点，专家们的意见并不一致。(unanimous)

→The experts are not unanimous on this point.

4). 人们说受过良好教育的人在作重要决定时往往会犹豫再三。(apt to)

→They say that well-educated people are apt to hesitate too much before they make important decisions.

5). 尽管他已经晋升为总经理，但是他的权力欲望依然没有得到满足。(assuage)

→Despite his promotion to general manager, his desire for power was not assuaged.

6). 这是又一首关于单恋痛苦的诗。(unrequited)

→It’s just another poem on the pain of unrequited love.

7). 这部小说不完全是按时间顺序写的。(chronological)

→The novel is not entirely written in a chronological order.

8). 要充分欣赏这部电影，你就必须再看一遍。(do justice to)

→You must watch the movie again to do it justice.

9). 那场悲剧三年之后，她才开始恢复平静。(equanimity)

→She did not begin to regain her equanimity till three years after the tragedy

10).如果你想喝杯咖啡的话，我们还有时间呢。(be/feel inclined to)

→There is still time if you feel inclined to have a cup of coffee.

这一定是世间无数对夫妻的生活写照，这种生活模式给人一种天伦之美。它使人想起一条平静的溪流，蜿蜒畅游过绿茵的草场，浓荫遮蔽，最后注入烟波浩渺的汪洋大海；但是大海太过平静，太过沉默，太过不动声色，你会突然感到莫名的不安。也许这只是我自己的一种怪诞想法，在那样的时代，这想法对我影响很深：我觉得这像大多数人一样的生活，似乎有点儿不对劲。我承认这种生活有社会价值，我也看到了它那井然有序的幸福，但我血液里的冲动却渴望一种更桀骜不驯的旅程。这样的安逸中好像有一种叫我惊惧不安的东西。我的心渴望一种更加惊险的生活。只要生活中还能有变迁——变迁以及不可知的刺激，我愿意踏上怪石嶙峋的山崖，奔赴暗礁满布的海滩。

第八单元

1). Ms Campbell has been appointed to root out inefficiency in this company.

2). Their company has a strong hold on the computer market.

3). What he did was within the bounds of acceptable behavior.

4). The famous movie star make a rare personal appearance last Friday.

5). They had not realized the depth of their feelings for one another.

6). The president hastened to reassure his people that he was in perfect health.

7). Cheap organic food is still difficult to come by.

8). He can think what he likes about me —I don’t give a damn !

9). Although many of his friends were politicians, he stood aloof from politics.

10). I suppose it’s because I live in a crowded city that I have this yearning for open spaces. 1). 孩子们是天真烂漫的，他们都向往真善美的东西。(yearn)

→Children are innocent, and they all yearn for what is true, good, and beautiful.

2). 有些评论家批评该电影对妇女的刻画带有性别歧视。(be condemned by)

→The film was condemned by some critics for its sexist portrayal of women.

3). 你不必勉强带我和你一起去。如果你不带我去，我不会生气的。(under compulsion to) →Don’t feel under any compulsion to take me with you. I won’t be offended if you don’t.

4).在那场竞选中，他的对手们散布谣言破坏他的好名声。(discredit)

→In the election his opponents spread rumours to discredit his good name.

5). 每当他们开始争吵，我总是离得远远的。(remain aloof)

→Whenever they started quarrelling, I would always remain aloof.

6). 无须惊慌，警方已经控制了局面。(have ... in hand)

→There’s no need to panic. The police have the situation in hand.

7). 遇上一个好老板不是那么容易的。(come by)

→A good boss is not so easy to come by.

8). 她脸上丝毫没有懊恼的表情。(absent from)

→Any sign of remorse was completely absent from her face.

9). 你必须打消一切报仇的念头。(banish… from)

→You must try to banish all thoughts of revenge from your mind.

10). 她对女儿们的影响很大。(have a hold on)

→She has a strong hold on her daughters.

迷信是当今英国文化中的一部分。尽管迷信活动在100年前更为活跃，但现在仍有不少相信迷信的人，有老人也有年轻人。

所有的迷信都有其根源，所谓无火不起烟。是谁第一个认为在屋里打伞会带来厄运？是谁第一个走在梯子下而遭遇不幸？是谁把马蹄铁倒挂？是谁打碎了镜子？是谁洒了盐？是谁第一个把13号星期五看成是最倒霉的日子？

16和17世纪时，人们的生活中充满了碰运气的成分，每天的生活中心都在于为祸福找解释。宗教、疾病、火灾也许称得上是迷信的三大最基本的要素。尽管今天我们寻求的答案已经不同，但是迷信作为一种传统仍然流传在我们中间。

第八单元

1). She must reconcile herself to the fact that she must do some work if she wants to pass her exams.

2). There are signs that support for the party is on the wane.

3). She managed to save enough money to redeem her jewellery from the pawn shop.

4). From what I was able to glean, the news isn’t good.

5). For patients who do not respond to drug treatment, surgery is a possible option.

6). Let go of my hand, you’re hurting me!

7). I was about to pay for the shopping when it suddenly dawned on me that I’d left my cheque book at home.

8). He pored over the letter searching for clues about the writer.

9). You must keep things in perspective —the overall situation isn’t really that bad.

10). This country is in danger of allowing its industrial base to wither away.

1). 她把对家庭投资的控制权让给了儿子。(relinquish to)

→She relinquished control of the family investments to her son.

2). 那个男孩紧咬着一把刀，爬上树去割椰子。(clench between)

With a knife clenched between his teeth, the boy climbed up the tree to cut off some coconuts.

3). 这家小公司被命令取消所有对消费者这样的限制。(be enjoined to)

→This small company has been enjoined to end all such restrictions on consumers.

4). 彼此将近五年没说话后，他们终于和解了。(reconcile to)

→They were finally reconciled to each other, after not being on speaking terms for nearly five years.

5). 我们只有非常有限的时间来完成这项任务——我们不可能无限期地继续下去。(a finite amount of)

→We only have a finite amount of time to complete this task —we can’t continue indefinitely. 6). 如果你不能在截止日前偿还这笔债务，你就将丧失信用。(redeem)

→You’ll be discredited if you fail to redeem your debt be fore the deadline.

7). 这是本有趣的书，充满了对人际关系的深刻见解。(insight into)

→It is an interesting book, full of valuable insights into human relationships.

8). 我依稀记得多年前曾经见过她。(a dim recollection of)

→I had a dim recollection of having met her many years ago.

9). 我不愿意告诉她她儿子被捕了。(relish doing sth.)

→I don’t relish telling her that her son has been arrested.

10). 公司的关闭既突然又出人意料。(demise)

→The demise of the company was sudden and unexpected.

Most full-time students at American universities must have health insurance. This is because health costs in the United States are high. Colleges are not able to pay the costs if students suffer serious accidents or sickness.

Many American colleges have health centers where doctors and nurses treat students’ medical problems. This service may be included in the cost of attending college. Health insurance is usually needed for extra services.

Students may already be protected under their parents’ health insurance policies. If not, many colleges offer their own insurance plans.

Students also can buy independent insurance policies from insurance companies. The details of such policies differ, depending on where the student lives. Usually, these policies pay for doctor visits, treatment of injuries and hospital costs.

All in all, people in the Unites States are responsible for their own medical costs. These can be extremely high in cases of serious illness or accidents. The purpose of health insurance is to make sure that these costs will be paid for.

第十一单元

1). She thrust the money into his hand.

2). This type of wool is woven into fabric, which will make jackets.

3). We may have to sell the house, but I hope it won’t come to that.

4). She seems to be romantically entangled with some artist in Rome.

5). I was waiting in the bus queue when two men pushed in front of me.

6).His need to be liked obviously springs from a deep-rooted insecurity.

7). The Chinese anthem was played after the Union Jack was lowered in Hong Kong for the last time.

8). He used a special machine to round off the corners of the old table.

9). Allied Chemicals have been trying to buy out their competitor’s share in the target company.

10). Our dog took fright at the noise of the fireworks and ran indoors.

11). The radiation leak has had a disastrous effect on the environment

1). 这两条街道在市中心相交。(intersect)

→The two streets intersect in the city center.

2). 她身材苗条，生性腼腆，跟她姐姐完全相反。(antithesis)

→She is slim and shy — the very antithesis of her sister.

3). 如果你把那把尺弯得太厉害的话，它会折断的。(snap)

→You’ll snap that ruler if you bend it too far.

4). 我们俩在跳舞时我不时踩到他的脚上。(tread on)

→I kept treading on his toes when we were dancing.

5). 看了他们的脸色，我就知道一定出了什么差错。(amiss)

→I could see by the looks on their faces that something was amiss.

6). 自从告别舞台生涯后，她一直避免抛头露面。(shun)

→She has shunned publicity since she retired from the theatre.

7). 30年前他在一所农场工作时萌发了这部小说的创作灵感。(germ)

→He got the germ of this novel when he was working on a farm thirty years ago.

8). 听说他和一桩谋杀案有牵连。(entangle)

→I hear that he was entangled in a murder case.

9). 在过去10年中，大学生的数量增长了4倍。(quadruple)

→The number of college students has quadrupled in the last ten years.

10). 他们把麦克风推到我面前，然后连珠炮似地向我发问。(thrust)

→They thrust a microphone in front of me and fired questions at me.

I love flowers and hence have taken to growing them. But, short of time to do research and experiments in flower cultivation, I am no gardener at all. I merely take flower cultivation as a pleasure of life. I really don’t care whether or not my flowers wi ll put forth plump and nice-looking blossoms. I’ll be delighted as long as they can blossom. In summer, flowers and plants growing in luxuriance in my small courtyard will leave little open space as a playground for the little cats, so they have to sport about on the roof instead.

I grow many flowers, but none of them are exotic or rare ones. It is difficult to grow a precious flower species. And I feel bad to see a good flower dying of illness. I don’t want to often shed tears over that. But Beijing’s cli mate is more or less unfit for growing flowers. Freezing in winter, windy in spring, and either too dry or too often visited by rainstorms in summer. While autumn is the best of all, it is often plagued by sudden frosts. In a climate like this, it is far beyond my capacity to grow precious southern breeds of flowers. Therefore, I only grow flowers and plants that are hardy, enjoy a high survival rate and are able to struggle on their own for survival.

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