雅思写作TASK ONE

TASK ONE

1、Evaluation Subscales（评分标准）：

TA： Task Achievement （完成度）

CC： Cohorence and Cohesion（承接得当）

LR： Lexical Resource（词汇量）*LR&GRA要求词汇和句型的多样及全面。

GRA： Grammatical Resource and Accuracy（语法&精准度）

2、Structure（文章形式）

1.时态

如无明确具体时间，用一般现在时；如标明了过去的时间或将来的时间，则用相应的过去时和将来时描述。有时可能需要使用多种时态描述，视具体情况而定。

2. 客观性

不应该存在任何自己的主观想象成分，即使是结尾段也不应随意写，应该是根据图表的实际内容作出符合逻辑的总结归纳。

3. 准确性

图里面出现的数字或任何信息不能抄错，如果看不清楚一个数值是否落在了一个点上，可以适当估算一个值。

4. 专注重点

图表题需要对特殊的信息作出分析介绍，例如图表题中的起点、拐点、终点、交点与变化趋势一定需要描述，其余非特征的数据根据时间情况而定。切勿面面俱

到，否则时间会超出规定范围。

5.审题很重要

在20分钟内完成150字文章不容易，首先需要把题目看清楚。不论哪类图表题，看不清楚某个数值时，允许使用“大约”这类词，如about/around/just over/just

under/approximately/roughly,etc

6.确定写几段

一般来说可以根据图表的数量确定写几个段落。例如如果给出一个图表，主题段落可以采用一段式，如果这一个图表中有两条线，那可以采用两段主体段写作方

式。视具体情况而定。在开始写的时候确认好要写几段，每段分别写什么内容，这

样在写的时候不会乱。

3、题型分类：

Ⅰ给出图形形式：

①Line Chart（线图）

②Pie Chart（饼图）

③Bar Chart（柱形图）

④Table（表格）

⑤Map（地图）

⑥Flow Chart（流程图）

Ⅱ图形变化特征：

①Trend（动态）

②Static data（静态）

③Mixture （Trend+Static）（混合）

④Picture（图形）

4、写作结构思路梳理

整体思路：明确文章逻辑（先写什么后写什么）+细化内容写出句子+选用恰当逻辑连接词或短语连接

①How to write Introduction?

ⅠMethod : 句子改写（1段）

4 factors：

⑴Picture（图）：diagram，chart，graph

⑵When（时间）：in the year …/in the year of …/since…/by the year of…/until…/from…to…/between…and…/over,during the period from…to…

⑶Where（地点）:in Australia=in the selected/certain country——Australia.

⑷What happened（事件）:participation/involvement/taking part in…/join in…

ⅡUseful sentence structures：

⑵Change the structures of sentences（that从句）

It is clear from …

It can be clear seen that…

⑶+complete sentence（as定从）

As the graph shows

As is shown by the graph

According to the figure

⑶+phrases

...Give information about...

...give a summary of...

...provide an overview of...

⑷change the words of sentences

⑸非谓语结构

①How to write Body?（2~3段）

Ⅰ线形图：

§4factors

⑴When（时间）

⑵数据

⑶变化趋势

⑷变化幅度

§Sentence structure

⑴主体+show+a/an+adj+n+数据+时间

Nina’s:The number/percentage(of …)show an (upward/downward) trend from… to …

Eg：Sales of coffee showed a steady increase between 2004 and 2006.

⑵主体+V+adv+数据+时间

Nina’s:The number/percentage(of…)…+表示上升或下降的动词或短语+between…and…

Eg：Sales of coffee increased steadily between 2004 and 2006.

⑶There be +a/an+adj+n+数据+时间

Nina’s:There is a +上升或下降的名词形式+in the number of…/over the period of…

Eg：There was a steady fall in the number of British households using their own shopping bags when shopping between 1965 and 2005.

⑷sth作主语（适应单一趋势变化）

Nina’s:限定修饰词+上升或下降的名词形式+can be found in the number/percentage of…from…to…

⑸时间段+witness/experience/undergo+a/an+adj+n+数据(with…)+时间

Nina’s:The year of 1990 witnesses a+变化趋势名词形式+in the amount of…

§以“the percentage of international students in a certain university in Sydney”变化趋势为例总结单一趋

势图的写法

(满足时间数据趋势幅度四要素)

①A&B

The percentage of international students in sydney showed a sharp rise from 10% in 1960 to 25% in 1980.

The percentage of international students in sydney went up slowly by 15%（10% to 25%） from 1960 to 1980.

C、D&E

The percentage of international students in sydney showed a moderate increase with some drastic fluctuations from 10% to 25% between 1960 and 1980.

There was a moderate increase with some slight fluctuations from 10% to 25% during 20 years from 1960 to 1980.

There was a moderate decrease with a fluctuation from 25% to 10% during the past 20 years(1960 to 1980).

F&G

The percentage of international students in sydney stayed at 15% with some fluctuations from 1960 to 1980.

The percentage of international students in sydney kept sdeadily at 20%

brtween 1960 and 1980.

⑤H&I

句型：level off at…

The percentage of international students in sydney went up sharply from 10% during the early few years between 1960 and 1970 and it leveled off at 25% until

1980

句型：bottom out at…

The percentage of international students in sydney fell sharply from 25% during

the early few years between 1960 and 1970 and it bottomed out at 10% until 1980

JKL

句型：reach a bottom(valley floor) of/at…

The percentage of international students in sydney fell a little from 25% between

1960 and 1980 and it reached a bottom at 10% in 1970

句型：reach a peak（summit/clim） of/at…

The percentage of international students in sydney went up a little from 10%

during 20 years(1960 to 1980) and reached a peak at 25% in 1970.

句型：reach a plateau（highland/tableland）of/at…

The percentage of international students in sydney reached a plateau at 25%

from 1960 to 1980.

§headout writing

①write the missing adjective andadverbs

引人注目dramatically(adv)-dramatic(adj) 急剧steepy(adv)-steep(adj) 稳定steady(adj)-steadily(adv)

给人印象深刻impressively(adv)-impressive(adj) 少量marginal(adj)-marginally(adv) 激增猛涨-boom 轻微slight(adj)-slightly(adv) 急剧sharp(adj)-sharply(adv) 激烈猛烈drastically(adv)-drasic(adj)

缓慢slow(adj)-slowly(adv) 缓和适度moderate(adj)-moderate(adv)柔和gentle(adj)-gently(adv)

②write the missing nouns or verbs（past tense）

增长grow(v)-growth(n)-grew(ved) 波动fluctuate(v)-fluctuation(n)-fluctuated(ved)

下降fall(n)-fall(n)-fell(ved) 上升ascend(v)-ascent(n)-ascended(ve) 下降一点dip(v)-dip(n)-dipped(ved)

上升go up-going up-went up 下降衰落decline(v)-declination(n)-declined(ved)

下降drop(v)-drop(n)-dropped(ved) 上升rise(v)-rise(n)-rise(ved)

以图为例运用句型

A： Sale of coffee showed a steady increase between 2004 and 2006.

B：Sale of coffee increased steadily between 2004 and 2006.

A：The world population grew steeply between 1900 and 2000

B：The world population experienced a steep growth between 1900 and 2000

A：The domestic car market showed an steep growth of 50% for three

consecutive years from 2001 to 2003.

B：The domestic car market grew steeply by 50% for three consecutive years

from 2001 to 2003.

A：The number of british households using their own shopping fell steadily between

1965 and 2005.

B：There was a steady fall in the number of British households using their own

shopping bags when shopping between 1965 and 2005.

A：House prices climbed sharply during the first half of the year before falling

drastically in August.

B：There was a sharp climb in house prices during the first half of the year

before drastic fall in August.

线形图的思路总结：

①因为趋势是线形图的精髓，因此第一步是描述趋势

②先单独观察选定首先讨论的线的特征，然后分阶段讨论这一条线

③由于出线图时很少出现单一一条线，然而之所以出多条线是有“对比”的暗示，因此第三步是对比

Ⅱ饼图：

§4 factors：

⑴主要特征（如：占据最大）

⑵第二主要特征（如：占据最小）

⑶次要特征（如：较平均占据）

⑷特殊项独立成段（总体数据、另外数据）

§Sentence structure

⑴主体+占据(v)+…%

⑵…%+be+占据(ved)+by+主体

⑶…%+goes to +某个方面

⑷…%+of sb+v+sth

表占据：occupy，comprise，constitute,account for,make up,take up

表最大：biggest，hugest，largest，leading

表最大句型：…ranks the first place which occupies…%

表最小句型：…ranks the last/final place which occupies…%

§Nina’s handouts

1、“比较”的方法：

“超过”：surpass，outnumber，exceed;“紧跟”：follow；“排列”：rank（the first）

Eg：The amount of runners in US showed a dramatic growth during these 30 years，outnumbering that of China

2、A take the largest amount,followed by B and C

A occupied the largest amount with

B and C,ranking the second and the third respectively III柱图

⑴有时间因素：

①数据随时间变化：写法约等于线形图（+同横坐标内数据的比较）

②时间参与数据比较：如剑6小图2，可以选择大小量对比或者趋势对比，但后者更优

⑵无时间因素：

对比即可，注意导入数据

§Nina’s handouts

导入数据的方法：

1、介词：with、at、（）、to、by、from…to…

2、非谓语:，falling/increasing from …to…、，making up…、，accounting for 20%、，

amounting to…

3、定语从句：which falls…、which is…、which constitutes up…、which account for…

§Linking methodsf

①表示相似的词：Similarl y,…/likewise,…/the pattern is similar for…/…follow/…tell the same pattern

②表示比较的词However,…/in contrast,…/in comparison,…/on the contrary/while(连词)/by contrast,…/compared with…/On the other hand…

③提示性的词：For…/to…/as for…/as to…/turning to…/referring to…/in terms of…,…/in regard to…/when it comes to…

④number的同义词：data（资料、材料），figure（数字、计算、算数），statistics（统计学、统计数据），amount（数量、总计），quantity（量、数量），digit（数字）

⑤percentage的同义词：percent，proportion，radio，share

表达“比例”关系的句型：The radio of A to B is X to Y Eg:The radio of puils to teacher is 30:1.

⑥stay的同义词：stable at，remain，stabilized at…

⑦表示将来的句型：will do…/be likely to…/tend to…(有某种倾向某种趋势)/be predicted(预言的) to do…/be estimated(估计的) to do…/be forecasted(预报预测) to do…/be supported to do…/be thought to do…

⑧表示总分结构连接：to be more exact/specitic/precise=more exactly/specifically…

⑨如何简化：

ⅰ用括号：the ramain part is cut into A(…%) and B(…%)

ⅱ非谓语：the rest is cut into two i tems namely A comprising …% and B constituting…%

ⅲ介词：the rest is divided into A with …% and B with…%

§NOTES

①分段标准：有时间变化先按时间分段再主次

②数据模糊化：about、around、nearly、almost、roughly、approximately、a bit over

③数据准确化：precisely、exactly

多于：above、over、slightly more than

少于：below、under、slightly less than

④介词使用的例子：

…from 1960 at 数据 to 1980 at 数据…

…from 数据 in 1960 to 数据 in 1980…

⑤表示时间先后（用于在不同时间段内有不同变化趋势的图）

Before、after、A followed by B...(A先发生)

⑥表示倍数：

1、A+谓语部分+倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than+B

2、A+谓语部分+倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B

3、…times+more+名词（可数或不可数）+than+被比对象

4、…times+over+被比对象

5、…times+compared with+被比对象

IV表格题

§Nina’s handouts

表格题的特点是数据庞大，并由此决定了解决表格题的关键是：简化和分类表格内数据分类方法：

数据项目的近似性和相反性（如：非常满意、比较满意和不满意可分为“满意”与“不满意”两类）变化的趋势特征（如：都增长或者都有波动）

对比项目的关联（如：男人女人在不同项目上意见肯能统一或者不统一）

V流程图

§Nina’s handouts

关于流程图步骤的衔接短语：

首先：In the first stage/step、To begain/start with、First of all

接着：In the following stage、Afterward、From then on、after that

同时：At the same time、meanwhile、simultaneous

最后：In the final stage/At last/Finally/Eventually

解决流程图的关键：

①辨明方向

②分解步骤

③抓住步骤间的联系

④句子的多样化：定语从句，非谓语，被动语态

⒌分题型应用（body部分）

The graph shows the increase in the ageing population in Japan, Sweden and the USA. It indicates that the percentage of elderly people in all threecountries is expected to increase to almost 25% of the respective polulationsby the year 2040.

In 1940 the population of people aged 65 or more stood at only 5% inJapan,7% in Sweden and 9% in the US. However, while the figures forthe Western countries grew to about 15% in around 1990, the figures forJapan dipped to only 2.5% for much of this period, before rising to almost 5%again at the present time.

In spite of some fluctuation in the expected percentages, the proportion ofolder people will probably continue to increase in the next two decades in thethree countries. A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 inJapan, by which time it is thought that the proportion of elderly people will besimilar in the three countries.

Pie chart

⑷The line graph shows the size of global population from 1400 to 2000 and the pie charts

shows the global population by region in 1900 and 2000.

Overall, the world population rose sharply from less than 500 million in the 1400s to 6 billion in 2000, a growth of 12 times over 600 years. The increase was more dramatic after 1800 and only in the 1700s was there an obvious decline (1.2 billion to 0.9 billion).

The pie chart show that in both 1900 and 2000, Asia accounted for the largest share (more than half) of the world population, followed by Europe. But both continents saw a decline in their percentage of the world population, the former from 60% to 54% and the latter from 24% to 14%. On the other hand, the percentage of world population in Africa and Latin America grew considerably from 4.5% to 13% and 3% to 8% respectively. However, North America showed no change, remaining constant at 5% of the world population. The percentage in other areas rose from 3.5% to 6%.

⑸The gragh below shows the annual spending of a particular UK university from 1981 to 2001.

The most significant feature is that salary, including salary to teachers and to other non-teaching staff, was the major expenditure for this university throughout the 20-year period. The percentage of total spending on teachers’ salary was between 40% and 55%,while that on other staff’s salary decreased steadily from a third to less than one fifth.

The remaining expenditures were divided between smaller items such as furniture & equipment, insurance and resources. Insurance spending continued to grow, from only 2% of the total spending in 1981 to 3% in 1991 and 8% in 2001. The percentage of total spending on resources such as books also increased slightly from 10% to 12% during the first ten years, but it dropped sharply to 5% in 2001. Spending on furniture and equipment, however, showed the most dramatic change: After being reduced by over 50% in 1991, it more than tripled to make up about a quarter of the total amount a decade later.

Bar chart

⑺The gragh below shows the participation of Australian children in sports outside school hours in 2003.

There were substantial difference in the proportion of boys and girls in different sports. The greatest gender difference was in “netball”, where the participation rate was 20 times higher than in boys (20% VS. only 2%). Football and basketball, however, were dominated by boys. 20% of the boys played football after school, while only 3% of the girls were interested in this sport. Similarly, basketball was an after-school recreation for 17% of boys compared with only 3% of girls.

On the other hand, boys and girls participated almost equally in swimming. Slightly more than 10% of both genders chose swimming as a leisure activity after school.

Interestingly, a very high percentage of both genders (a third of boys and almost half the girls) did not participate in any sports after class.

⑼The bar chart below shows the passenger kilometers traveled by different means of transport in the UK in 1990 and 2000.

In 1990, a total of 100 billion passenger kilometers were travelled by UK residents using the surveyed transportation methods, which went up slightly by about 10 billion to reach 110 billion 10 years later. This rise in passenger kilometer number was recorded in air, bus and rail travel but a slight decline was actually found in bicycle and motorbike travel.

In this survey, buses and trains were the principal modes of public transport during the last decade in the UK, each with between 40 and 50 billion kilometers travelled. By contrast, the annual distance covered by bicycle, motorbike and air travel only represented an insignificant share, with less than 8 billion passenger kilometers for each.

Table

⑾The table below shows data regarding Australia’s nursing employment and total workforce in 1987 and 2001.

During these 14 years, Australia’s entire labour force grew from 2,728,000 to 3,378,000, an increase of 37%. Despite this impressive growth in the total workforce, however, there was a 10% decrease from 180,000 to 161,200 in the number of employees in the nursing sector.

The vast majority of the nurses were working at the lowest level, i.e. assistant nurses, whose

number remained largely unchanged between 1987 and 2001 (117,000 and 112,000 respectively). However, the number of senior nurses and that of junior nurses decreased dramatically, the former by 20% from 20,000 to 16,000 and the latter by 28% from 39,000 to 28,000.

The significant drop in employment numbers at lower levels were somewhat compensated by a 30% increase in the number working at the highest level (director of nursing) from 4,000 to 5,200.

⑿The diagrams below show the development of the village of Kelsbey between 1780 and 2000.

The three diagrams illustrate what the village of Kelsbey looked like in 1780, 1860 and 2000. In 1780, Kelsbey had only 100 homes, but it had a large expanse of woods in eastern part of the village and four plots of farmland in the middle. In the west there was a river running from north to south.

The year 1860 saw a doubling of the number of homes, but the size of farmland and woods was reduced by half. In the same year, a bridge could be seen over the river and a road was constructed linking the river to the residences.

140 years later, the number of homes more than doubled to 500, but farms and woods completely disappeared. Several school buildings and sports facilities were constructed at the south-eastern corner of the village, which were connected with the residential area in the north by a newly-built road. Some shops opened up along the river bank and a large stretch of wetland for birds was established at the southern end of the river.

Flow Chart

⒁The flow chart shows the three stages of glass bottle recycling.

This diagram illustrates the recycling process of glass bottles. The whole process is a cycle which can be divided into three main stages.

In the first stage, used bottles are collected at a recycling point ready to be transported by a truck. The second stage first takes place in a cleaning plant, where these recycled bottles are sorted by color into green, brown and clear ones, and washed by high-pressurized water. When this cleaning process finishes, the bottles are transported to a glass factory where they are cut into pieces which are then poured into a furnace. After being heated in the furnace, the molten glass mixed with added glass liquid from other sources, flows into a glass mold. After the remolding process a new bottle emerges.

In the final stage, new, empty bottles are filled with liquid, packed and dispatched to the supermarket ready to be picked by consumers. At this point, a cycle has been completed and

a new cycle begins again.

雅思小作文写作常用词汇

1.

As shown in the 图表名称…

As can be seen from the 图表名称… It is manifest from the 图表名称 that …

2.

To be more precise=More precisely To be more specific=More specifically

Go up (went up) v.

Increase (increased) v./n.

Rise (rose) v./n.

Ascend (ascended) v. Grow (grew) v. An upward/downward trend n.

Jump (jumped) v.

Surge (surged) v./n.

Shoot up (shot up) v. Soar (soared) v.

Decline v./n. Dip v.

Fall v./n.

Decrease v./n.

Drop v./n. Descend v. Sink v.

Plummet

Plunge

Be made up of

Be composed of

Consist of

Comprise/be comprised of

Stabilise at

Level out at

Reached a plateau at

Hover at

Remain stable at

v.

Fluctuation n.

Fluctuate between…and…

Experience

witness

v. Reach the peak at v./n. Reach the highest point at

n. Bottom out at v.

The lowest point at

Hit

Arrive at

Register

Amout to

Stand at

16.

Rapid (rapidly) Dramatic (dramatically) Precipitous (precipitously) Drastic (drastically) Steep (steeply)

17.

Gentle (gently)

Steady (steadily)

Slow

Consistent

18.

&副词:

Marked adj. Significant (significantly) adj./adv. Substantial (substantially) adj./adv Considerably adv

19.

&副词:

Modest

Slight

Moderate

Marginal (marginally)

Minimal 极少的

Minimum 最少的

Roughly

Around

Just over

Approximately

Just under

用在句子结尾，表示两组元素分别对应

多用在句首来引出类比

Unlike…. 与…不同…,多用于句首表示对比

In comparision…比较来说

By/In contrast…对比来说…

A…while/ whereas B A…而B则…

雅思大作文范文三十篇

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