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初中英语 句子地基本结构和类型讲解、练习

初中英语 句子地基本结构和类型讲解、练习
初中英语 句子地基本结构和类型讲解、练习

一.句子成分

①句子一般由两个部分组成:

主语部分( subject group)

谓语部分( predicate group)

②句子成分

(1)S --- subject 主语:句子的主体,全句述说的对象。一般由名词,主格代词,动词不定式,动名词或从句担任,常置于句首。

I like football.

The boy needs a pen.

(2)V——Verb

INO=Indirect Object(间接宾语);

DO=Direct Object(直接宾语);

谓语动词:说明主语的动作或状态。由动词担任。常置于主语后。

The train leaves at 6 o’clock.

I want a ticket.

(3)O --- object 宾语:表示vt.的动作对象或prep.所联系的对象。由n.或相当于n.的词担任。置于vt.或prep.后。

He won the game. On the desk

Tome lost his life in the big fire.

(4)P --- predicative 表语

1、用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。由n.或adj.担任。置于系动词之后。

He is a student.

2、除了be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,

1)表感官的动词:feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。

2) 表转变变化的动词:become, get, grow, turn, go,等

3)表延续的动词

remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。

(5)Attri.---attribute 定语:对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示,通常位于被修饰的成分前。

The black bike is mine.

说明

1:当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing , anything ,everything , something 等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语

我告诉他一些有趣的事情。I tell him something interesting .

2:不定式、短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。

这间屋子里的男孩子们是10班的。The boys in the room are in Class Ten.

(6)Adv.--- adverb 状语:用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置灵活。通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;

修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;

表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,

一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。

(7)Oc --- object complement 宾语补足语:补充说明宾语的情况。由n. /adj. /介宾/分词/不定式等担任。

They made him king.

I consider the book t oo expensive.

I am very sorry.

We often help him.

When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher .

(从句作时间状语)

练习一

1.句子成分判断:

A. 指出下列句中主语的中心词

1)The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

2)There is an old man coming here.

3)To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

B. 选出句中谓语的中心词

1)I don't like the picture on the wall.

A. don't

B. like

C. picture

D. wall

2)The days get longer and longer when summer comes.

A. get

B. longer

C. days

D. summer

3)Do you usually go to school by bus?

A. Do

B. usually

C. go

D. bus

4)There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

A. will be

B. meeting

C. the library

D. afternoon

5)Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?

A. Did

B. twins

C. have

D. breakfast

C. 挑出下列句中的宾语

1)My brother hasn't done his homework.

A B C D

2)People all over the world speak English.

A B C D

3)You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.

A B C D

4)Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?

A B C D

5)They didn't know who "Father Christmas " really is.

A B C D

D. 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

1)She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.

A B C D

2)He asked her to take the boy out of school.

A B C D

3)She found it difficult to do the work.

A B C D

4)They call me Lily sometimes.

A B C D

5)Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?

A B C D

2. 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语

1))Please tell us a story.

2)My father bought a new bike for me last week.

3)Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.

4)Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.

5)Did he leave any message for me.

二、句子类型

(1)简单句的五种基本句型

1、S(主)+ Vi(不及物动词)(谓语)——→主谓结构:谓语动词是不及物动词,本身能表达完整的意思,后面不需跟宾语,但有时可跟副词、介词短语等作状语。

例如:Time flies.

1)S + V + 副词(状语)

例如:Birds sing beautifully.

2)S + Vi + 介词短语(状语)

例如:He went on holiday.

3)S + Vi + 不定式(状语)

例如:We stopped to have a rest.

4)S + Vi + 分词(状语)

例如:I'll go swimming.

小练习

1). 学生们学习很努力。_____________________________________

2). 她再次向我道歉。_______________________________________

3). 事故是昨天晚上发生的。_____________________________________

2、S (主)+ Vt (及物动词)(谓语)+ O(宾语)——→主谓宾结构:此句型的特点是:谓语动词是及物动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语。

例如:We like English.

1)S + Vt + 名词/代词

例如:I like music.

2)S + Vt + 不定式

例如:I want to help him.

[说明] 常用于这句型的动词有:decide, hope, learn, need, promise, want, 等。

3)S + Vt + 疑问词+ 不定式

例如:I don't know what to do.

[说明] 常用于这句型的动词有:ask, decide, find out, forget, know等。

4)S + Vt + 动名词

例如:I enjoy living here.

[说明] 常用于这句型的动词有:advise, enjoy, finish, mind, practise等。

5)S + Vt + 宾语从句

例如:I don't think (that) he is right.

[说明] 常用于这句型的动词有:hope, know, notice, think, wonder等。

小练习

1、我昨天看了一部电影。________________________________________________.

2、You place me in a difficult situation.________________________________________。

3、They finally managed to get along with us. _____________________________________。

4、They have ________ ________ _________ of the children.这些孩子他们照看得很好。

5、I don’t like being treated like this.________________________________。

【难点】

3、S (主)+ V(谓语)( 系动词)+ P(表语)——→主系表结构:谓语动词是连系动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。

例如:We are Chinese.

1)S + V + 名词/代词

例如:He is a boy.

2)S + V + 形容词

例如:She is beautiful.

3)S + V + Adv 副词

例如:Class is over.

4)S + V + 介词短语

例如:He is in good health.

5)S + V+ 分词

例如:He is excited.

[说明]Ⅰ.除了be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,①表感官的动词,feel, smell, taste, sound, look, seem 等。②表转变变化的动词,become, get, grow, turn, go,等。

③表延续的动词keep, seem等。④表瞬时的动词come, fall等。Ⅱ.表语也就是

主语的补足语。

小练习

1、Don't have the food. _______________________________.不要吃那种食物,它已经变质了

2、The fact __________ ___________. 这个事实证明是正确的。

3、We should __________ __________ any time. 我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚。

4、这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_____________________________________________.

【难点】

4、S (主)+ Vt(谓语)+ In O(间接宾语)+ D O(直接宾语)—→主谓双宾结构

[说明] ①间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有:bring, give, lend, pass, pay, read, sell,

send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。

S + Vt + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语

例如:I sent him a book.

小练习

1、Yesterday her father _______________ ________ _____ ____________ as a birthday present. 昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。

2、The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March._________________________ _______________________。

②间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有:buy, get, make 等。

S + Vt + 直接宾语+ To/for + 间接宾语

例如:He sent a book to me.

小练习

1、Please show me your picture. ==Please _________ ________ __________ _____ _____. 请把你的画给我看一下。

2、I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart. ==

I'll offer ____ _________ ____________ _______ ________ as long as you don't lose heart.

只要你不失去信心,我会给你提供机会的。

5、S (主)+ Vt(谓语)+ O(宾语)+ O C(宾语补足语)——→主谓宾补结构:谓语动词虽然跟有一个宾语,但意思还不完整,必须加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有:名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。

例如:I make you clear.

[强调]宾语和宾语补足语之间通常具有逻辑主谓关系。

1)S + Vt + 宾语+ 名词

例如:We named our baby Tom.

[说明] 常用于这句型的动词有:call, find, make, name等。

2)S + Vt + 宾语+ 形容词

例如:He painted the wall white.

[说明] 常用于这句型的动词有:cut, find, keep, leave, make, see, wash等。

3)S + Vt + 宾语+ 介词短语

例如:She always keeps everything in good order.

4)S + Vt + 宾语+ 不定式

例如:I wish you to stay.

[说明] 常用于这句型的动词有:①不定式带to的词:ask, invite, tell, want,

warn, wish等。②不定式不带to的词:have, know, let, make, notice, see, watch

等。

5)S + Vt + 宾语+ 分词

例如:I heard my name called(表示被动).

I feel something moving(表示进行).

[说明] 常用于这句型的动词有:notice, observe, see, watch等。

6)S + Vt + 宾语+ 疑问词+ 不定式

例如:He show me how to do it.

[说明] 常用于这句型的动词有:ask, show, teach, tell等。

小练习

1、Keep ________________________________, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。

2、他把墙漆成白色。________________________________________________________.

3、我们发现他是一个诚实的人。______________________________________________.

练习二

1、判断下列各句的基本结构。

1)Mr. Black is English. SVC

2)The teacher taught us some new words.

__________________________________________ SVOO

3)The temperature dropped.

__________________________________________SV

4)They turned to the right.

__________________________________________SV

5)I would like to be your pen-friend.

__________________________________________SVO

6)I have short black hair and brown eyes.

__________________________________________SVO

7)I have a brother called Edwin.

__________________________________________SVOC

(2)简单句种类

一、陈述句:

用来说明一个事实的句子叫陈述句。它有肯定式和否定式两种形式。

▲陈述句的肯定式:He is a middle school student.(他是个中学生。)

I have a hammer in my hand.(我手上有把锤子。)

She teaches us geography.(她教我们地理。)

The new play was good enough and everybody enjoyed it.

(新的话剧非常好大家都喜欢。)

▲陈述句的否定式:

1)谓语动词如果是b e动词、助动词、情态动词时,在它们的后面加“not”。如:My brother is not a teacher.(我的弟弟不是教师。)

He does not have a cousin.(他没有堂兄弟。)

I will not go there tomorrow.(明天我不去那儿。)

My mother is not cooking a meal in the kitchen.(我母亲现在不在厨房里做饭。)

You must not make such mistakes again.(你不该再犯类似错误了。)

We haven’t discussed the question yet.(我们还没有讨论那个问题呢。)

2)谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,须在它的前面加do

not(don’t)、does not(doesn’t)、did not(didn’t)。如:

I don’t know anything about it.(此事我一无所知。)

Li Ming does not feed pigs in the countryside.(李明不在农村养猪。)

We didn’t expect to meet her right here.(我们没指望着在这里见到她。)

We didn’t have a meeting yesterday afternoon.(昨天下午我们没有开会。)

3)如果“have”作“有”讲,也可以在它后面加not构成否定式,其形式与have got的否定式相同。如:

I haven’t (got) any brothers or sisters.(我没有兄弟姐妹。)

I haven’t been to China before.(我以前没有去过中国。)

[注意]

①句子中如果有all、both、very much/well等词时,用not一般构成部分否定;如果要完全否定,则通常使用none、neither、not…at all等;All of them went there.→None of them went there.(他们全都去了那里→他们全都没去那里。)②句子中含有little、few、hardly、never、neither、nor、seldom等词时,则视为否定句。如:

Few people live there because life there is very hard.

(几乎没有人生活在那里因为那里的生活太艰难了。)

③陈述句(主语+谓语+其他)在口语中可以直接表示疑问,表示惊讶或明知故问。如:

That’s your boss?(那就是你的老板?)

④陈述句一般情况下应使用正常的语序,即:主语+谓语+其他。但是有时会倒装,如:

The old man Here you are.(给你。)

Laughed the monkey and away he went.(猴子笑着离开了。)

⑤所有的从句一律使用陈述句语序,即在连接词后采用“主语+谓语+其他”的顺序。如:

The old man told me that he would live here for ten more years before he returns home.(老人告诉我说他还要在这儿住几年然后回家。)

Could you tell me who you saw at the party last night?(能告诉我在聚会上你都看见了谁吗?)

2、疑问句:

▲一般疑问句:用“yes”或“no”来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。

1)一般疑问句构成:句中谓语动词是to be、助动词、情态动词时,则将它们(提前)放到主语前面。如:Is he an engineer?(他是工程师吗?)

Have you got today’s newspaper?(你有今天的报纸吗?)

Shall we go to see a film this evening?(我们今晚去看电影好吗?)

Can you explain it ?(你能解释它吗?)

Is there any fish for supper?(晚饭有鱼吗?)

Would you like to go out for a walk?(你想出去散步吗?)

谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,则在主语前面加助动词do / does / did,原来的谓语动词改为原形。如:

Do you get up at six every morning?(你天天早晨六点起身吗?)

Does she study hard?(她学习努力吗?)

Did you go there yesterday?(昨天你去那儿了吗?)

2)一般疑问句的回答:

一般疑问句通常用简略形式来回答。如:

①—Will you join us in playing basketball?(你加入我们打篮球好吗?)

—Yes, we will.(是的我们会。)/—No, we won’t.(不我们不会。)

②—Have you got today’s newspaper?(你有今天的报纸吗?)

—Yes, I have.(是的有。)/—No, I haven’t.(不没有。)

回答时所用的时态应和问句里的时态一致。

3)一般疑问句的否定结构(即否定形式的一般疑问句)表示惊奇、责怪、建议、看法等,只要将“not”置于主语之后或者将“not”放到主语之前与be, have等助动词或情态动词合并在一起就可以了。如:

Will he not come?(他难道不来吗?)

Isn’t your sister a Party member?(你的姐姐不是党员吗?)

Haven’t you any brothers?(你没有哥哥吗?)

Don’t you like the play?(你难道不喜欢这个话剧吗?)

Can’t we walk a little farther?(我们不能走远些吗?)

Won’t you sit down?(你不想坐下吗?)

Hasn’t she heard of the matter?(她没听说过这事儿?)

这种否定结构的疑问句的回答与汉语的习惯不同。如果回答是肯定的,就用“yes+肯定结构”;如果回答是否定的,就用“no+否定结构”。(情况与反意问句类似。)如:

—Can’t he answer the question? (他不能回答这个问题吗?)

—Yes,he can.(不,他能回答这个问题。) —No,he can’t. (是的,他不能回答这个问题。)

3▲特殊疑问句:要求具体回答的问句。

1)特殊疑问句结构是:

如:What do you want?(你要什么?)

Who(m)are you looking for ?(你在找谁?)

Whose magazine is this?(这是谁的杂志?)

Which class are you in?(你在哪班?)

When did you get up this morning?(你今早什么时候起身的?)

Where have you been?(你到哪儿去了?)

Why did he go to bed so early?(他为什么这么早睡觉?)

How did you go there?(你是怎么去的那儿?)

但是,“who”引出的询问主语或主语部分相关词的特殊疑问句的结构与陈述句词序相同:如:

Who is dancing over there?(谁在那边跳舞?)

有时“what”,“which”,“whose”也可以引出与陈述句词序相同的特殊疑问句。如:

What is on the wall?(什么东西在墙上?/墙上有什么?)

Which is yours?(哪个是你的?)

Whose book is in your bag?(谁的书在你的书包里?)

[注意]从陈述句改为特殊问句时,先将句子改为一般问句,再将(划线)提问部分更改为疑问词置于句首,特别要注意助动词的使用!如果只对主语或主语的修饰词提问,那么只需要将疑问部分改为疑问词即可。

2)常用疑问代词和疑问副词:

疑问代词:who, whom, whose, which, what,

疑问副词:when, where, why, how,

how构成的短语:how many (多少个) (独立用;或跟可数名词复数),how much(多少) (独立用;或跟不可数名词),how old(多大年纪),how far(多远),how often (多久一次,问频率),how long (多长时间),how soon (多久以后),how many times (多少次),等等。

3)特殊疑问句有时也用否定式。如:

Why don’t you ask Jim instead?(常缩略为Why not…?) (你为什么不转请Jim呢?)

4) 特殊疑问句疑问部分有时可以有两个以上的疑问词。如:

When and where were you born? (你是何时何地出生的?)

5) 疑问词如果是介词的宾语,则该介词可以在句首,也可以在句尾。如:

What do you want a computer for? = For what do you want a computer?

(你干嘛要一台电脑呢?)

▲反意疑问句:反意疑问句表示对陈述句所说的事实提出相反的疑问,要求对方用“yes”或“no”来进行回答。

1) 构成:由两部分组成:前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是疑问句,它是由be ,have,助动词或情态动词+主语构成。如果陈述句是肯定结构,反意疑问句须用否定结构;反之,陈述句如果是否定结构,反意疑问句须用肯定结构。反意疑问句的两部分,必须保持人称和时态的一致;反意疑问句的回答有时会和汉语不同。

如:He is old, isn’t he?

The man went away, didn’t he? (那个男人走开了不是吗?)

He isn’t old, is he? (他不老是吗?)

He never went there, did he? (他从没有去过那里是吗?)

2) 反意问句的回答:

无论哪种形式的反意问句,回答时要遵循:“Yes,+肯定式”或者“No,+否定式”

如:①—The man went away, didn’t he? (那人走开了,不是吗?)

—Yes, he did.(是的,他走了。) /—No, he didn’t.(不,他没有走。)

②—The man never went there, did he? (这人从来不去那里,是吗?)

—Yes, he did. (不是呀,他去的。) / No, he didn’t. (是呀,他不去。)

▲选择疑问句:提出两种或两种以上情况,需要对方作出选择回答的疑问句。

1) 构成:(1) 一般疑问句 + or + 第二选项?

(2) 特殊疑问句 + 第一选项(+ 第二选项)+ or + 第三选项?

2)选择疑问句的结构与特殊疑问句相同,即要具体回答,不可以用yes / no回答。如:

①—Is your friend a boy or a girl?

—A girl. (----你的朋友是男孩还是女孩?----是女孩。)

②—Which do you prefer, coffee or tea?

—Tea, please. (---你要哪一样咖啡还是茶?----请来茶吧。)

③—Which do you like best, singing, dancing or skating?

—Dancing, of course.(----唱歌、跳舞和溜冰你最喜欢哪样?----当然是跳舞啦!)

4、祈使句:祈使句用来表示请求、命令等。它的主语you往往不说出。

▲祈使句的肯定式:动词(原形) + 其他如:

Please give me a hand. (请帮忙) / Shut up! (住嘴!)

▲祈使句的否定式:Don’t +动词原形 + 其他如:

Please don’t talk in low voices. (请不要低声讲话。) / Don’t look back! (不要掉头看。)

[注意] 以“let’s”引出的祈使句的否定结构,“not”应放在“let’s”后面。如:

Let’s not trouble him. (我们不要打扰他。)

肯定祈使句前可以用助动词来强调语气。如:Please do help me! (请千万帮帮我。)

5、感叹句:感叹句用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情。句末常用“!”

▲对含有形容词的名词短语感叹的结构通常是:

What + (a /an) + (形容词) +名词+ 陈述句结构(主谓语) ,用来强调句子中的名词,如:

What a good,kind girl (she is)! (她是多么善良的好女孩!)

What bad weather (it is)! (天气真糟糕!)

▲仅对形容词或副词进行感叹的结构通常是:How+ 形容词/副词 + 陈述句结构(主谓语) ,用来强调句子中的形容词、副词或动词。如:

How carefully the old man walks! (这老人走路真小心!)

How delicious the food is! (这食品真好吃!)

How beautiful! (真美呀!)

▲有时,陈述句、祈使句、疑问句、一个词或词组,也带有一定的感情色彩,也可以成为感叹句,此时未必使用感叹句型。如:

He is sitting on a tiger’s back! (他坐在老虎的背上!)

A nice shot! (漂亮一击!) Good goal! (好球!)

(2)并列句

This is me and these are my friends.

They must stay in water, or they will die. It’s not cheap, but it is very good.

It was late, so I went to bed.

He knocked at the door; there was no answer. You’re alive! And she’s dead.

(3)复合句

九年级英语专题复习《句子种类》

一.感受中考: 1. ________ nice weather it is! Let’s play football. A. What B. How C. What a 2. ---________the little girl looks!----That’s true. She can’t find her Teddy Bear. A. How sad B. What sad C. What sadly D. How sadly 3. —Excuse me. Is there a bank near here? — No, _______. But you can find one in Zhongshan Road A. There isn't B It isn't C. they aren't 4. ________ buy your ticket from a ticket machine. There are lots of people there. A. Not B. not too C. Don’t D. Don’t to 5. — There is something wrong with your hike, _______? — Yes. I'll have it ________ tomorrow. A. isn’t it; mend B. isn’t there: mended C. isn't it; mended D. isn't there; mend 6. — _______ good time we had at the party last night! — Yes. It was _____ exciting party that I would never forget it. A. What; so B. How; such C. What a; such an D. How a; so an 7. They hardly watch TV on school nights, _____? A. will they B. aren’t they C. do they D. didn't they 8. — I often chat with my friends on the Internet. — You are so smart! Will you please tell me____? A. how to do B. how to do it C. how to use D. when can I use it 9. ________ is dangerous for us to swim in the river alone. A. It B. That C. This 10. The drink is _________ delicious ________ everyone in the room enjoys it. A. such...that B. too...to C. so...that 二.句子种类考点小结: (一) 按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 1) 陈述句(Declarative Sentences):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。 Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度快。(说明事实) The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。(说明看法) 2) 疑问句(Interrogative Sentences):提出问题。有以下四种: a. 一般疑问句(General Questions):Can you finish the work in time?你能按时完成工作吗? b. 特殊疑问句(W Questions; H Questions):Where do you live?你住那儿? c. 选择疑问句(Alternative Questions):Do you want tea or coffee?你是要茶还是要咖啡? d. 反意疑问句(Tag-Questions):He doesn't know her, does he?他不认识她,对不对?

初中英语句子分类练习

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初中英语句子结构

初中英语句子结构分析 一.句子的种类 (一)根据结构划分: ①简单句:(5种基本句型) S+Vi(主+谓) S+V系+ P (主+谓+表) S+Vt+O(主+谓+宾) S+Vt+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) S+Vt+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补) ②并列句and, but, or ③复合句:名词从句(宾,主,表,同) 副词从句(状语从句) 形容词从句(定语从句) (二)根据功能划分:陈述句, 祈使句, 感叹句,疑问句(一般疑问句,特殊疑问句, 选择疑问句,反意疑问句等) 二.简单句的基本句型介绍: 1. 基本句型一:S+Vi (主+不及物动词) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词,动词不定式,动名词等等。主语一般在句首。 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。 不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构, 如:1. We │come. 2. The sun│rose. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点:即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 2. 基本句型二:S+ V系+ P(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。 如:1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner │smells │good.

3. He │is growing │tall and strong. 系动词主要是起到连系主语和表语的作用。 可分四类:1. 表“是” 如:be“是”(am, is, are, was, were) 2.表“感觉” 如:look看起来feel感到,sound听起来,smell闻起来,seem似乎 3. 表“变” 如:get变得, turn变得, grow变得,go变得, come变得, become成为 4. 表“保持” 如:keep保持, stay保持 常用连系动词的用法: ①变成,变得:become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn 口诀:好是come,坏是go; 天气、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金钱缓缓run; 颜色、天气大不同turn;get / become口语化,如果要说就用它. 口诀解读: Come 一般表示事物由坏变好,结果是好的。如:Dreams come true.梦想成真。 Go 一般表示事物由好变坏,结果是不好的。 如:It's such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly. 今天太热了,菜都馊了。 Grow 表示逐渐变化,强调的是缓慢变化的过程,后面往往接表示天气或外貌 变化的静态形容词。如:I want to grow old with you. 我想和你一起慢慢变老。 Run 与grow 是对应的,其主语多为能流动,能消耗的东西。 如:Still water runs deep.静水深流。 Turn多接表示颜色和天气的形容词,侧重于表达与之前大不相同。 如:The weather suddenly turned hot.天气突然变热了。 In spring the trees turn green, the flowers come out. 春天树变绿了,花开了。 Get / become在口语表达时用得比较多,但这二者相比,become相对正式些, 其主语既可以是人也可以是物。 如:He got angry on hearing the news.听到这个消息,他变得很生气。 总之,不管英语多么“ 变”化多端,万“ 变”不离其宗。英语学习的终极目标还是为了与人交流,所以多在交流中使用这些“变化”词,才能真正掌握其内涵。 ②保持某种状态:continue, keep, lie, remain, stand , stay. ③看起来,好像:appear, look, seem. ④感官动词:feel, smell, sound, taste. 注意:There be 结构:There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词“there那里”混淆。此结构后跟名词,表示“(存在)有某事物”。

(完整)初中英语句子种类(一)

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初中英语句子结构分析

初中英语句子结构 模块一:句子结构 【重点】 一、词性的概念: 英语中的单词根据词义、句法作用和形式特征所作的分类。共有十类:名词、动词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词,"名"就是名称---人或事物的名称.具体的人或物体的名称:人名---Mike, Li Ming;地名—America, China动物名---pig, dog;植物名---tree, wheat。抽象的事物的名称:idea(主意), victory(胜利), knowledge(知识). 2、代词,何谓“代”?即是替代的意思,主要是来替代名词,所以说名词和代词关系是很近的,或者说代词的实质就是名词,正是这种血液关系,绝大多数时候代词跟名词在句中起的作用是一样的。代词,从英语词汇的整体来看数量并不多。 3、动词,"动"就是动作--人的五官动作: walk, jump, swim;人的大脑动作(心理活动): think, imagine。也有些动词是表示静止的,如:am,is,are。 4、形容词,我们在谈论人或物时,常说:“你描述一下是什么样子。”你就要用上:tall (高的),short矮的),black(黑的),white(白的)这些词往往是修饰名词,它们就是形容词。 5、副词,说人行走得快慢,讲话清楚,在英语里就要用quickly(快地),slowly(慢地),clearly(清楚地)这些词往往来修饰动词。它们就是副词。副词很多是从形容词加ly构成的,所以看单词词尾是否有ly是判断是否是副词的一种方法,但是词尾是ly的也不一定都是副词,可能是形容词,不过只有少量的单词(常见的有likely,friendly lovely,lonely,weekly,monthly,yearly),这几个单词需要加强记忆,也不就是几个单词特殊嘛,不过

初中英语句子成分讲解

初中英语句子成分讲解 一概述:句子成分 概念:组成句子的各个部分,即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语,主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。 主语:表示句子所说的是什么人或神秘物,一般由名词、代词或不定式,V-ing和从句充当。谓语:说明主语是什么,做什么或怎么样。由动词充当,主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。谓语动词存在多种时态,它是句子的核心。 表语:说明主语是说明或怎么样,由名词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、介词短语、句子等充当。 宾语:表示动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式、V-ing、从句充当,和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。 定语:用来修饰名词或代词。由形容词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、从句充当。单词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前,短语或句子作定语放在被修饰才之后。 状语:用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、条件、目的、方式、程度等等。通常由副词、介词短语、不定式或句子充当。(若在同一句子中出现多个不同状语,常见的4个的顺序为:方式状语、目的状语、地点状语、时间状语。) Eg.I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday 二详解 1.主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物。 1).名词 例如:A moon cake is a delicious, round cake. The first truck is carrying a few baskets. The temperature will stay above zero. The doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully. China does not want to copy the USA’s example. 2).代词 例如:It’s a young forest. I don’t know if it will grow. That’s a bit expensive. You’d better buy a new pair. I’m afraid we haven’t got any black shoes. 3).数词 例如:One and two is three. One is not enough for me. I want one more. One of them is English. Suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck. Two will be enough. 4).不定式(常以It’s adj. to do sth. 形式出现) 例如:To give is better than to receive =Its better to give. I found it difficult to get to sleep.

初中英语五种基本句型结构(1)

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初中英语语法大全-句子种类

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肯定陈述句改成否定句或一般疑问句时,如句中有already,some,something,somebody等词,须分别改成yet,any,anything,anybody 等。 另外,也要注意,too改成either,both改成neither,all改成none等。 2. 疑问句

3. 常用的特殊疑问句

4. 特殊的反意疑问句 ①主句是祈使句时,“will you?”意为“请求”,“won’t you?”表示提醒对方注意。 例句: Look at the blackboard, will you / won’t you? Don’t be late again, will you? ②感叹句后的反意疑问,用一般现在时态的否定形式 例句: What fine weather, isn’t it? How beautifully she sings, doesn’t she? ③陈述部分是“I am …”时,用“aren’t I?”而不用“am not I?” 例句: I'm working now, aren’t I?

初中英语句子成分讲解

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初中英语句子结构与成分题20套(带答案)及解析

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初中英语句子种类一

初中英语句子种类一 LELE was finally revised on the morning of December 16, 2020

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(完整版)初中英语句子成分分析与讲解

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英语基本句子结构

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中考英语句子种类分析及练习

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(3) 如果句子是there be结构或谓语动词是have(有),除了be 和have之后加not之外,句中如果有some要变为any。例如:There is some water in the cup. →There is not any water in the cup. He has some books. →He has not any books. (4) 除not以外,否定词no, never, nothing, nobody, few等也可构成否定句。例如: There is something wrong with his bike. →There is nothing wrong with his bike. I have seen the film. →I have never seen the film. 二. 祈使句的构成形式及基本用法 祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号“!”或句号“.”。朗读时一般用降调。 1. 肯定的祈使句: (1)祈使句主语是you时,you常省略,但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时可以有主语或称呼语。 Be quiet. You be quiet! (2)“Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求,do起强调作用。 Do come back at once! Do be careful. (3)please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气,但please用

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初中英语语法------句子的种类A英语中的句子按其使用目的,句子可分为:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、和感叹句。 Eg: 陈述句:This is a dog. 疑问句:Is this a dog? 祈使句:Open your eyes! 感叹句:What a beautiful building it is! 简单句:I am studying. 并列句:I was born in a small village and I lived there for nearly ten years. 复合句:As soon as I get there, I'll call you. 1 陈述句凡是说明一件事情,提出一个看法,或者是表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句,陈述句可以用肯定式和否定式。陈述句句末用句号“.”,通常用降调。 Eg:We live in Beijing. We don't live in Beijing. (1) be 动词、一般动词(实义动词)、情态动词的否定句 I am not a student. I don't know him. He can't speak English.

be 动词的否定句句型:主语+ be动词+ not + … I wasn't good at English. They weren't at home yesterday. He isn't my cousin. 进行时和被动语态都有be 动词,它们的否定句与be动词的否定句同形。 Eg:They aren't cleaning the room. The child was not looked after by anybody. 将来时(will,shall)、完成时及情态动词的被动语态不能用be动词否定句型。 They will not be sent to the front. They will be not sent to the front.× 情态动词的否定句 句型:主语+情态动词+ not + 动词原形 Eg:I can't do it myself. You mustn't take the books out. You must not go there alone. 一般动词的否定句. 句型:主语+ do/does/did + not + 动词原形 Eg: They didn't live in Shanghai. He doesn't do his homework every day.

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