非谓语动词 to do
一周强化
一、过去分词
过去分词一般表示被动和完成意义，可在句子中作定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语。不及物动词的过去分词则表示主动和完成意义。
1．过去分词作定语的几种情况
（1）过去分词作定语，通常与所修饰的名词存在动宾关系，意义上相当于使用被动语态的定语从句。例：
The injured man was taken to hospital.
那个受伤的人被送到了医院。
（the injured man=the man who were injured）
The letter posted yesterday will probably reach him the day after tomorrow.
昨天寄出的信他也许后天才能收到。
（the letter posted=the letter that was posted）
（2）少数不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示完成意义，不表示被动意义。
例：The ground was covered with fallen leaves.
地上铺满落叶。（fallen表示“已落下）
My father is a retired teacher.
我父亲是一位退休教师。（retired表示“已退休”）
Y ou can see the risen sun there.
你在那里可以看到升起了的太阳。（risen指“已升起了的”）
（3）过去分词、现在分词被动式、不定式的被动式作定语均表达被动意义，但时间概念不一样。过去分词作定语表示完成。现在分词被动式作定语表示现在（或当时）正在进行。不定式被动式作定语表示将来。
例：①This is the material tested yesterday.
这是昨天试验的材料。
（the material tested= the material which/ that was tested）
②This is the material being tested now.
这是现在正在试验的材料。
（the material being tested= the material which/ that is being tested）
③This is the material to be tested tomorrow.
这是明天将要试验的材料。
2．可接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词
过去分词作宾补，分词与宾语具有动宾关系，即宾语是分词动作的承受者。
（1）see, hear, feel, think, find, notice, watch, observe, listen to等表示感觉或心理状态的动词宾语之后，接过去分词作宾补。一般说来，以上这些动词后面可以接动词原形、现在分词和过去分词作宾补，如果动词后面的宾语与作宾语补足语的动词为主动关系，即主动关系则用动词原形和现在分词，动词原形强调结果，现在分词指过程，强调当时的情景。反过来，如果动词后面的宾语与作宾语补足语的动词为动宾关系（即被动关系），则使用过去分词作宾语补足语。例如：
①We saw the thief steal the woman’s money.
我们看见那小偷偷了这个妇女的钱。
（see sb do sth强调结果，steal与the thief为主动关系）
②We saw the thief stealing the woman’s money.
我们看见那小偷正偷这个妇女的钱。
（see sb doing sth强调过程的进行，steal与the thief为主动关系）
③We saw the thief arrested.
我们看见那个小偷被逮住了。
（see sb done, arrest与the thief为被动关系）
④Everyone thought the battle lost.
每个人都认为战争失败了。（battle与lose为被动关系）
⑤When he got home, he found his house broken into.
当他回到家里，发现已经有人破门而入了。
（house与break into为被动关系）
（2）在have, make, get, keep, leave等表示“致使”的动词后面，接过去分词作宾补。例如：
①He is going to have his coat made.
他打算让人做件外套。（have sth. done）
②We have made our views known to all of them.
我们已使他们都知道我们的观点。（make sth. done）
③Jane got her bad tooth pulled out.
简让人把她的一颗虫牙拔了出来。（get sth. done）
（3）在表示“愿望、要求、命令”的want, like, wish, order, expect等动词之后接过去分词作宾补。例如：
①The teacher expected the students well prepared for the exam.
老师希望学生们好好准备考试。
②I wanted the house whitewashed before we move in.
我想在搬进去之前把房子粉刷好。
③He ordered the work started at once.
他吩咐立即开始工作。
注意：这些词后面接的过去分词作宾语补足语的前面，可以加上to be，例如以上例句可写为：
The teacher expected the students to be well prepared for the exam.
I wanted the house to be whitewashed before we moved in.
He ordered the work to be started at once.
3．过去分词作表语的几种情况
（1）过去分词作表语，大多来自及物动词，表示被动含义，即主语是分词动作的承受者。
①Many rivers became polluted.许多河流遭到污染。
②Don’t get caught in the rain.别碰上暴雨。
③The children looked puzzled. 孩子们像是迷惑不解。
（2）过去分词作表语，说明主语所处的状态。例如：
①He was determined to fulfill the task.
他决心完成这项任务。（be determined to do sth.）
②They were prepared for the worst.
他们已经准备应付最坏的情况。（be prepared for sth.）
③They have been married for twenty years.
他们已结婚二十年。（have been married）
（3）少数表示位置移动的不及物动词的过去分词如：gone, come, fallen, arrived, returned, risen, set等作表语，只表示完成意义，没有被动意义。例如：
①The sun is set.太阳下山了。
②He is returned.他已归来。
4．过去分词作状语，可以用来表示时间、原因、条件，伴随状况、让步等，分词与句子主语构成动宾关系，即句子主语是分词动作的承受者，即句子主语与分词存在被动关系。
（1）Seen from the hill, the town looks beautiful.
从山上往下看，小城显得很美丽。（表示条件）
（相当于If the town is seen from the hill, …）
（2）Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
由于在沉思，他差点和他前面的车子相撞。（表示原因）
（相当于Because he was lost in thought, …）
（3）Given enough time, he could do it better.
如果给他充足的时间，他可以做得更好。（表示条件）
（相当于If he was given enough time,…）
（4）He went into the house, followed by some children.
他走进屋后，后面跟着一些孩子。（表示伴随状态）
（相当于…, and he was followed by some children.）
5．怎样使用过去分词独立结构作状语
如果过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，分词就须带上自己的逻辑主语。过去分词独立结构由“名（代）词＋过去分词”构成。过去分词独立结构作状语，分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者。过去分词独立结构可作时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随状语等。例：
（1）Her arm badly hurt, she had to be sent to hospital.
她的胳膊伤得很重，必须送她到医院。
（相当于Because her arm was badly hurt, …指原因）
（2）All things considered, her paper is better than yours.
各方面考虑起来，她的论文比你的好。
（相当于If all things are considered, …指条件）
（3）The job done, we went home.
工作做完后，我们回家了。
（相当于After the job was done, …指时间）
（4）His eyes fixed on the fire, hed did some serious thinking.
他目不转睛地盯着炉火，陷入了严肃的思考。
（相当于His eyes were fixed on the fire, …指伴随）
分词独立结构前加介词with（with可省），常用来作伴随状语。例：
（1）The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
杀人犯双手绑在背后被带了进来。（with＋n.＋done）
（2）He stood there for an instant, with his hand raised.
他在那里站了一会儿，一只手举了起来。（with＋n.＋done）
6．过去分词独立成分作状语
过去分词独立成分一般已形成固定结构，表示说话人对说话内容所持的态度或看问题的角度。例：
（1）Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
鉴于他的健康状况，他从手术中恢复过来需要一段时间。
（2）Taken as a whole, there is nothing wrong.
总的来看，没有什么毛病。
二、动词不定式
动词不定式的基本形式是由“to＋动词原形”构成，其否定形式是not to do,不定式可以带有自己的宾语或状语，构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化，不定式的逻辑主语用“for＋名词或宾格代词”构成。不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语。
1．不定式的时态和语态
（1）不定式的时态
①不定式所表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生或是在谓语动词之后发生时，不定式用一般式。例：
He seems to be very angry.他看起来很生气。
I hope to see you again.我想再见到你。
They planned to employ some skilled workers.
他们计划雇佣一些熟练的工人。
②不定式所表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生，并强调动作正在进行或一直在持续，不定式用进行式。例如：
He pretended to be listening to English over the radio when I came in.
I am very glad to be working with you.
They seemed to be eating something.
③不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，不定式用完成式。例如：
I am sorry to have put you to so much trouble.
I seem to have met you somewhere before.
The disabled man is said to have translated several novels into French.
④如果强调不定式所表示的动作从过去某一时刻起一直持续到某一时刻，不定式用完成进行时，强调动作的持续性，不强调结果。例如：
She seems to have been reading the novel for three hours.
The rain was said to have been falling for a week.
（2）不定式的语态：当不定式的逻辑主语与不定式是被动关系时，不定式一般用被动式。例如：
The novel is said to have been translated into several languages.
Whether most countries can use natural energy in future remains to be seen.
2．不定式的句法功能
（1）不定式作主语
To say is one thing; to do is another.
说是一回事，做是另外一回事。
To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.
百闻不如一见。
如果不定式太长，为使句子结构匀称，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语（不定式）放在后面，从而出现以下结构：It＋be＋adj./ n.＋to do sth.
例如：It is possible to make electricity by building a dam across the sea.
It’s our duty to make our country more beautiful.
如果需要说明是谁发出不定式所表示的动作，则要在不定式前加上逻辑主语。
例如：It’s important for us to form good habits.
于是上述结构要改为：
It＋be＋adj. / n.＋for sb. to do sth.
这个结构中的形容词如果是clever, foolish, silly, stupid, wise, unwise, kind, nice, rude, polite, impolite, careless, careful, cruel, crazy等，则应把其中的for改为of ,即：
It＋be＋adj. / n.＋of sb. to do sth.
例如：It’s foolish of you to make such mistakes.
It was unwise of parents to give their children whatever he or she wants.
（2）不定式作表语
例如：At that time his job was to write reports for the newspaper.
The problems remain to be studied.
The first thing that be wanted to do was to thank his teacher for his help.
（3）不定式作宾语：在下列及物动词后，常跟不定式作宾语：want, need, hope, wish, expect, manage, know, begin, start, intend, plan, decide, pretend, prefer, agree, refuse, learn ,fail, promise, desire, seek, attempt, ask等。
例如：We intended to collect some money for the project.
They have decided to visit the national park at the weekend.
不定式作宾语时，如果后面有宾语补足语，通常用it作形式宾语，将不定式后置。
例如：I found it not easy to learn English well.
I feel it my duty to help others.
（4）不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语：通常用于及物动词或动词短语之后。例如：
Jim told me to give his best wishes to everyone here.
What caused you to change your mind?
①在部分感官动词及使役动词后，用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，常用的动词有let，make, have, see, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to, hear, feel等，help后面有无to都可以。例如：
The teacher had us recite the text every day.
The boss made his men work all day and all night.
She often help her mother (to) do some housework.
把上面句子变成被动语态后，不定式成为句子的主语补足语，需要加上不定式符号to，即在被动语态中不定式一律带to，不存在省略问题。例如：
They were made to work all day and all night.
The girl was heard to sing in the garden every morning.
②在谓语动词think, consider, suppose, believe, imagine, prove, find等后面跟to be作宾语补足语，不跟to do，但其中有些可跟to have done作宾补。例如：
Imagine yourself (to be) in his place.
I suppose him to be about fifty.
We suppose him to have stolen it.
（5）不定式作定语：不定式作定语时，与前面被修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系，如果不定式是不及物动词或所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。例如：
She was the first person to think of such a wonderful idea.（主谓关系）
I have a meeting to attend.（动宾关系）
Pass me a piece of paper to write on.
Please give me a knife to cut with.
（6）不定式作状语
①作目的状语。例如：
I got up early in order to catch the 6﹕30 train.
The boy ran all the way so as not to be late.
I have come here to say goodbye to you.
②作原因状语。例如：
He smiled to think of his clever plan.
They jumped with joy to hear the news.
③在某些形容词后面作状语。例如：
I’m sorry to dist urb you.
We are glad to have seen you.
The problem is easy to work out.
④作结果状语。例如：
The boy is too young to dress himself.
They arrived at the railway station, only to find the train had already left.
She woke up at midnight, only to hear the wind was blowing fiercely.
3．不定式省略“to”的情况
（1）当and或or连接同一概念的不定式时，或者当它们之间的关系并列时，可将and或or后面的to省去。例如：
I’d like to go and see a film.
He had to have a job or go hungry.
但是，有时为了表示对照，或加强语气，则不可以省去to。例如：
It is easier to say than to do.
（2）不定式在一部分感官或使役动词后面作宾补省略to。（前面已提到）
（3）不定式在介词but, except后面作介词宾语时，如果but, except前有行为动词do，那么but, except后面省略to。例如：
They had nothing to do but wait for the doctor.
The whole night he did nothing except watch TV.
（4）在固定句型中would rather do…than do…/ prefer to do rather than do中。例如：
The bus was so crowded th at I’d rather walk home than take a bus.
I prefer to play tennis rather than (play) basketball.
（5）to可以代表整个不定式：有时为了避免重复，省去不定式后面的内容，保留不定式符号to，如果是to be/ have，保留到be或have。例如：
I intended to take an umbrella, but I forgot to.
Y ou can’t come into the lab if your teacher doesn’t allow you to.
—Will you please give him a message when you see him?
—I’ll be glad to.
—Would you like to go shopping with me?
—I’d like to.
Our village is not what it used to be.
He hasn’t finished his homework yet, but he ought to have
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高中英语非谓语动词
语法复习十二：非谓语动词（一）——动词不定式 动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能表示动作和状态，所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此也有表示主、被动的形式，同时也有自己的宾语和状语，一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语，分词短语，动名词短语)。非谓语动词在英语语法中占有特殊且重要的位置。非谓语动词形式多样，应用广泛，且在句中起着很活跃的作用，也是语法项目中的重点和难点，学好非谓语动词，才能正确进行口语和书 it 所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的）。 （3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid,
pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? （4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street. （5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way. （6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. （7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语：Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too + 形容词或副词+ 动词不定式，表示“足能…”的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now. 3、复合结构不定式：由for + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，如：It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，如：It is very kind of you to help him every day. 4、疑问词+ 动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语，如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem. 5、动词不定式的否定式：动词不定式的否定式是由not + 动词不定式构成，如：It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting. 6、动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：（1）一般式：动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.（其后），They often watch us play table tennis.（同时）；（2）完成式：动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，如：I am sorryto have kept you waiting.
(专题精选)初中英语语法知识—非谓语动词的经典测试题及答案解析
一、选择题 1．We should try our best to prevent the air pollution________. A．from living a better life B．to live a better life C．live a better life D．lives a better life 2．—Do you prefer basketball with me? 一No,I’d rather at home and watch TV. A．play;stay B．to play;to stay C．play;to stay D．to play;stay 3．—I didn't hear you come in just now. —That's good. We tried________any noise, for you were sleeping. A．not make B．not to make C．to make D．making 4．If you really don’t know _______ at the party, you can come to me. A．who will you talk with B．who to talk C．who to talk to D．who you will talk 5．Look! There is a little cat ________ here and there on the floor. A．running B．run C．runs 6．She couldn’t help ________ when she heard the death of her grandmother. A．cry B．to cry C．crying D．to crying 7．—What do you think is the most important rule for a drive? —He or she must avoid_______ after drinking. A．driving B．no driving C．not to drive D．to drive 8．Young people enjoy ________ pop music. A．to listen to B．listen C．listening to D．to listen 9．We should do what we can _________ animals in danger. A．save B．to save C．saving D．saved 10．（2016天津中考）I wanted to see the Beijing Opera, so Lingling offered me to watch an opera. A．took B．takes C．to take D．taking 11．Dan shows an interest in musical instruments and is often heard _____ the guitar. A．play B．played C．playing D．to play 12．I used to . But now I get used to doing everything. I’m successful at last. A．give up; keeping B．giving up; keeping C．giving up; keep D．give up; keep 13．We should do sports _________ us ________ fit. So I play basketball every day. A．to help; keep B．help; keeps C．help; keep D．to help; keeping 14．---I think you should stop ______ him in English. ---I see. He ca n’t understand English at all. Let me try in French.
非谓语动词之todo和ing的区别
非谓语动词之to do和ing的区别 一，作主语时的区别 不定式指较具体的行为 Ing表示抽象或者泛指的动作（但在实际应用常已经可以互换） 注意：两者都可以用it作形式主语，但结构不同 1）ing词it is + no using/no good/useless/ a waste of time + doing sth There is no + ing =it is impossible to do sth Eg.it’s no use waiting here. There is no telling why he did so.(there is no knowing/there is no persuading=it is impossible to persuade …) 2)to do 不定式 It is +adj(n)+(for sb)/(of sb) + to do sth
Eg. It is very difficult to drive in the mountains. It is a shame to say like that . 二，作表语时的区别 不定式强调一次具体动作 Ing强调抽象行为 三，作宾语 不定式agree decline 拒绝refuse offer promise choose decide determine attempt intend manage fail ask hope want tend expect desire wish seek plan prepare pretend learn mean dare arrange demand happen intend Ing 词admit stand appreciate avoid finish complete consider delay deny suggest enjoy escape forgive keep mind miss practise risk advise allow permit forbid 或者介词短语的宾语
高中英语非谓语动词用法详解及练习(含答案详解)
非谓语动词 非谓语动词（一）——动词不定式 动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能表示动作和状态，所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此也有表示主、被动的形式，同时也有自己的宾语和状语，一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语，分词短语，动名词短语)。动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语用，所以叫做非谓语动词。 （一）动词不定式：动词不定式由―to+ 动词原形‖构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。 2、动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如： （1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other. （2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的谓语动词为is，动词不定式to set up… 为表语，主语为plan，但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的）。 （3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? （4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street. （5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way. （6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. （7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语：Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too + 形容词或副词+ 动词不定式，表示―足能…‖的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now. 3、复合结构不定式：由for + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for
初中非谓语动词知识点总结
非谓语动词（不定式、动名词） 【考点概述】 非谓语动词的本意是不能做谓语的词性，但是它具有谓语动词的性质。非谓语动词是英语中特有的，在汉语中没有此概念。所以在掌握此语法是比较困难的，在平时的备考之中应注意多多练习。 【考点释义】 考点一：不定式 （1）构成：to+动词原形（do）如： I like to swim. 注意：不定式有省“to”的不定式和不省“to”的不定式两类，但多数以不省“to”的不定式为主。如：I heard him (to)sing. 我听到他在唱歌。 （2）句法功能： 1. 作主语 在英语中为了避免头重脚轻，当不定式作主语时有时主语太长时我们用形式主语“it”来作“形式主语”，将真正主语移植动词不定时之后。形式主语也就是我们所说的“不定式的复合结构”。其构成为“It +be +(for/of sb) to do sth. 如： ① It is very important ( us) to study English. = To study English is very important for us. 学英语对我们来说是很重要的 ② It is very kind ( you) to help me. = To help me is very kind of you. 你帮助我太好了。 【易错警示】我们在区别“of”和“for”的方法如下： 当介词“of”或“for”后面接的代词与前面形容词之间能否构成主谓逻辑关系就决定是用介词“of”或“for”。如果能够成主谓逻辑关系时我们使用介词“of”，反之则用介词“for”。例如上述两个例子。 ①It is very important (for us) to study English. Us is very important.（不成立） 由于不能构成主谓关系，所以用介词“for”。 ②It is very kind (of you) to help me. You are very kind. (成立) 由于构成主谓关系，所以用介词“of”。 2. 作宾语 当动词不定式作宾语是表示的是一种打算、希望、命令等。如: ① I want to read English magazines every day. 我每天想读英语杂志。（表想，希望） ② I determine to go for a long holiday. 我决定去度一个长假。（表打算，决定）【归纳】常接不定式作宾语的动词有如下： want determine decide hope plan except would like 等。 3. 作宾补 当动词不定时作宾补即宾语补足语时宾补与宾语之间就会构成主谓的逻辑关系，宾补成立的条件唯此一条。 接不定式作宾补的动词有：“advice”、“ask”、“force”、“persuade”、
高中英语非谓语动词to do三
但含义不同。如果修饰名词的不定式的动作是主语做的,不定式用主动语态。 试比较： ?Haveyouanythingtosend? ?Haveyouanythingtobesent? 3）不定式作定语多表示将来，而动词-ing形式表示正在进行或用途，过去分词则表示已经完成和被动。 aproblemtobediscussedtomorrow明天要讨论的问题 aproblembeingdiscussednow现在正讨论的问题 aproblemdiscussedforthousandsofyears已讨论多年的问题 6．作状语 A.作修饰动词的目的状语 Theyranovertowelcomethestudents. 注意：不定式表示目的时前面可以加inorder或soas已示强调。 B.作修饰动词的结果状语 1）不定式作结果状语常表示一种事先没有预料到的情况或结果，放在被修饰动词的后面。WhathaveIsaidtomakeyousoangry? 2）有时为了进一步加强意料不到的语气，在表示结果的不定式前还可加only。Iwenttoseehimonlytofindhimout. 7.动词不定式常用句型：? ?(1)?It?takes?/?took?/?will?take?sb.?some?time?/?money?to?do?sth.某人花/花了/将花多长时间/多少钱做某事.?? 例句：It?took?me?years?of?hard?work?to?speak?good?English.? (2)?It?is?+?adj?+for/of?sb?to?do?sth? 例：?It?was?careless?of?Tom?to?break?the?cup.? ?(3)?Sb.?have?/?has?/?had?no?choice?but?to?do...?某人除了做……别无选择.? 例句：We?had?no?choice?but?to?take?a?taxi?for?we'd?missed?the?last?bus.?? ?(4)?…形容词／副词＋enough?to?do?sth．?? 例：I?was?fortunate?enough?to?travel?to?South?Africa.． (5)：…is/was/are/were+said/believe…+不定式， 如he?is?said?to?have?gone?abroad.
高考英语非谓语动词解析版汇编含解析
高考英语非谓语动词解析版汇编含解析 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1． ______ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times. A．Working out B．Worked out C．To work out D．Work out 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：为了解出那道数学难题，我已经向Russell 教授 咨询过好几次了。非谓语动词中只有不定式可作目的状语，题干中缺少目的状语，故选C。 【知识拓展】不定式在句子中可作什么状语？ 1) 目的状语。To?only to 仅( 仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such) 如此??a以s 便to ??() 如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 2) 作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的， 要放在句子后面。如：What have I said to make you angry ？我说什么让您生气了？He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜查了房间什么也没找到。 3) 表原因。如：I'm sorry to hear your father is ill 听说你父亲病了很难过。考点：考查非谓语动词的用法。 【名师点睛】本题考查不定式作目的状语。本题与2014 年四川卷第7 题相似—Good idea.To find more about it, visit this website. 这里是动词不定式形式的非谓语动词做目的状语。 非谓语动词是高考的重要考点。一般现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词表示被动的关系，动词 不定式的用法很多，通常是跟在一个动词后面形成的固定结构，能够分辨出具体试题中的关系就可 以轻松解题。 2．The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have _____ right from wrong. A．distinguished B．distinguishing C．to distinguish D．to be distinguished 【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：首先have difficult /trouble doing sth 是固定词组。The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing right from wrong 在这个句子中， deal with 的宾语是trouble ，所以后面的句子是修饰trouble 这个词的定语从句。 考点：固定用法考查点评：对于固定用法，平时一定要多归纳、总结和记忆。 3．Mrs. White showed her students some old maps _______ from the library
高一非谓语动词练习题.doc
非谓语动词专练 1. The great hall was crowded with many people, _____ many children _____on their parents’ laps. A. including; seated B. including; seating C. included; sat D. included; sitting 2. It’s said that the Olympic Games _____ in Beijing in 2008 will cover more events than any other Olympics did. A. holding B. to be held C. held D. to be holding 3. _____ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water. A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There being no rain 4. Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly,____him a millionaire overnight. A. making B. makes C. to make D. made 5. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _____. A. to escape burning B. to escape being burned C. escaping burned D. escaping from burning 6. Taking this medicine, if _____, will of course do good to his health. A. continued B. to continue C. continues D. continuing 7. The little boy still needs the _____ 20 dollars to do with some things _____. A. remaining; remained to be settled B. remaining; remaining to be settled C. remained; remained to settle D. remained; remaining to settle 8. _____ his age, the little boy read quite well. A. Considering B. Considered C. Consider D . Having considered 9. _____ from the appearance, it is very peaceful; but in fact, a war will break out soon. A. Judged B. Judging C. Having judged D. To judge 10. —Tom enjoys _____ basketball on Sunday afternoons, doesn’t he? —Yes, he does. But what his sister enjoys _____. A. to play; dancing B. playing; to dance C. to play; to dance D. playing; is to dance 11. His letter, _____ to the wrong number, reached me late. A. having been addressed B. to have addressed C. to have been addressed D. being addressed 12. The Space Shuttle Columbia broke into pieces over Texas as it returned to the earth on February 1, 2003, ____ all seven astronauts aboard.
初中非谓语动词最全总结
初中非谓语动词最全总结 1、动词： finish doing sth、完成做某事；enjoy doing sth、喜欢做某事；practice doing sth、练习做某事；imagine doing,想象做某事；avoid doing sth、避免做某事；consider doing sth、考虑做某事；suggest doing sth、建议做某事；mind doing sth、介意做某事； keep doing sth、持续做某事 allow 允许resist抵抗miss错过advise建议stand(忍受)risk冒险forgive escape admit 2、固定短语： feel like doing sth、喜欢做某事；be busy doing sth、忙于做某事；be worth doing 值得做某事；spend time (in) doing sth、花费时间（金钱）做某事； have difficult/trouble in doing sth做某事有困难；have fun doing或have a good/great time doing做某事高兴prevent…from d oing阻止be busy doing忙着做help sb with doingkeep on持续 put off推迟feel like想要 3、介词后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等)如：be good at doing sth、；thank you for doing sth、；give up doing sth、；stop sb、 from doing sth、；do well in doing sth、；be afraid of doing sth、；
非谓语动词口诀版精修订
非谓语动词口诀版 GE GROUP system office room 【GEIHUA16H-GEIHUA GEIHUA8Q8-
只能接-ing作宾语的动词口诀： 喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习 enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事spend...doingsth.花费…做某事bebusydoingsth.忙于做…imaginesb.doingsth.想象…做某事can'thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事feellikedoingsth.想要做某事finishdoingsth.完成做某事practicedoingsth.练习做某事 错过建议保持介意值得考虑missdoingsth.错过做某事
keep(on)doingsth.保持（继续）做某事minddoingsth.介意做某事beworthdoingsth.值得做某事 介词+doing? begoodatdoingsth擅长做某事beinterestedindoingsth.对做某事感兴趣insistondoing坚持做某事beusedfordoingsth.被用来做某事thanksb.fordoingsth.谢谢某人做某事betiredofdoingsth.厌烦做某事beafraidofdoingsth.害怕做某事putoffdoing推迟做某事 stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事giveupdoingsth.放弃做某事
thinkaboutdoingsth.考虑做某事 What∕Howaboutdoing做某事怎么样 此to?非彼to lookforwardtodoingsth.（盼望）payattentiontodoingsth.（注意）beusedtodoingsth.（习惯于）preferdoingsthtodoingsth.（更喜欢）devotetodoingsth（致力于）makeacontributiontodoing（做贡献） 只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀： 决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事 decidetodosth.决定做某事 want∕wouldliketodosth.想做某事
【英语】高一英语非谓语动词试题(有答案和解析)及解析
【英语】高一英语非谓语动词试题(有答案和解析)及解析 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．（天津）I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it. A．to eat；to try B．eating；trying C．eating；to try D．to eat； trying 【答案】D 【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean to do（打算做），couldn’t help doing忍不住做。故选D。 点睛：本题考查动词短语固定搭配。同学在平时学习中要多把握动词不同搭配的不同含义，本题需要区分“mean to do打算做”与“mean doing意味着做”和“can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做”与“couldn’t help doing忍不住做”之间的含义。 2．The man fell to the ground, his left foot_____ and blood ____ down from his mouth. A．breaking;running B．broken;running C．breaking ; run D．broken; run 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查独立主格结构。句意：那人摔倒在地，左脚骨折，血从嘴里往下流。当分词做状语的时候，如果分词的逻辑主语与句子主语没有关系，就在分词的前面直接加上逻辑主语，形成独立主格结构，该结构在作用上相当于一个状语从句。本句中的第一空的名词his left foot与动词break构成逻辑上的被动关系，故使用过去分词。第二空的名词blood与动词run构成主动关系，故使用现在分词。故选B。 3． Hours of playing violent video games can affect the way the brain works, ______ damage to certain cells of brain. A．to cause B．cause C．causing D．caused 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查非谓语动词。causing 现在分词作结果状语。句意：连续几个小时打暴力的电子游戏会影响大脑的工作方式，危害大脑细胞并减慢大脑的活动。故C正确。 考点：考查非谓语动词 4．Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to ______ a good researcher. A．make B．turn C．get D．grow 【答案】A
初中非谓语动词最全总结
非谓语动词总结 一．后面可跟动词的ing形式的情况 1.动词：finishdoingsth.完成做某事；enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事；practicedoingsth.练习做某事；imagine doing,想象做某事；avoid doing sth.避免做某事；considerdoingsth.考虑做某事；suggestdoingsth.建议做某事；minddoingsth.介意做某事；keepdoing sth.持续做某事 doing值得做某事；spendtime(in)doingsth.花费时间（金钱）做某事；havedifficult/trouble in doing sth做某事有困难；have fun doing.做某事高兴 3.介词后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等) 如：be good at doing sth.；thank you for doing sth.；give up doing sth.；stop sb.from doing sth.；do well in doing sth.；be afraid of doing sth.；be interested indoing sth.；be proud of；instead of；be fond of 4.to作介词的情况lookforwardtodoingsth期望做某事； preferdoingsth.todoingsth与…相比较更喜欢…；pay attention to doing注意做某事；be/get used to doingsth.习惯于做某事；make a contribution to为…做贡献 二．后面可跟动词的不定式形式的情况 1.动词：agree todo同意去做；afford to do买得起；decide todo决定去做某事；hopeto do希望去做；wish to do希望去做；fail to do做某事失败去；plan to do打算去做；pretend to do假装去做；refuse to do拒绝去做；would like to do 想要去做；want todo想要去做某事；learntodo学做；prefertodosth.喜欢（爱）做某事；sb.seemtodo sth好像做某事；want/would like to do sth.想做……；used to do sth.过去常做某事 2.句型. allow sb. to do sth.允许某人去做某事 asked sb. (not) to do sth.叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）