1998年考研英语真题
1998年考研英语真题
Part Ⅰ Structure and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(5 points)
1. I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time the last bus.
A. to have caught
B. to catch
C. catching
D. having caught
2. As it turned out to be a small house party, we so formally.
A. needn?t dress up
B. did not need have dressed up
C. did not need dress up
D. needn?t have dressed up
3. I apologize if I you, but I assure you it was unintentional.
A. offend
B. had offended
C. should have offended
D. might have offended
4. Although a teenager, Fred could resist what to do and what not to do.
A. to be told
B. having been told
C. being told
D. to have been told
5. Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage avoided.
A. is to be
B. can be
C. will be
D. has been
6. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true
it comes to classroom tests.
A. before
B. as
C. since
D. when
7. There are over 100 night schools in the city, making it possible for a professional to be
reeducated no matter he does.
A. how
B. where
C. what
D. when
8. I?ve kept up a friendship with a girl whom I was at school twenty years ago.
A. about
B. since
C. till
D. with
9. He wasn?t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, insufficiently popular with all members.
A. being considered
B. considering
C. to be considered
D. having considered
10.for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so
thriving as it is.
A. Had it not been
B. Were it not
C. Be it not
D. Should it not be
Section B (11~20略：新大纲不再考查的部分)
Section C
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
21. The machine needs a complete since it has been in use for over ten years.
A. amending
B. fitting
C. mending
D. renovating
22. There were many people present and he appeared only for a few seconds, so I only caught a
of him.
A. glance
B. glimpse
C. look
D. sight
23.I don?t think it?s wise of you to your greater knowledge in front of the director, for it
may offend him.
A. show up
B. show out
C. show in
D. show off
24.The returns in the short may be small, but over a number of years the investment will
be well repaid.
A. interval
B. range
C. span
D. term
25. A thorough study of biology requires with the properties of trees and plants, and the
habit of birds and beasts.
A. acquisition
B. Discrimination
C.curiosity
D.familiarity
26. She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would her long effort.
A. justify
B. testify
C. rectify
D. verify
27. I?m very glad to know that my boss has generously agreed to my debt in return for
certain services.
A. take away
B. cut out
C. write off
D. clear up
28. Some journalists often overstate the situation so that their news may create a great .
A. explosion
B. sensation
C. exaggeration
D. stimulation
29.According to what you have just said, am I to understand that his new post no
responsibility with it at all?
A. shoulders
B. possesses
C. carries
D. shares
30. Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his to a certain book or article that
has some bearing on the subject being studied.
A. comment
B. reaction
C. impression
D. comprehension
31. Please yourself from smoking and spitting in public places, since the law forbids them.
A. restrain
B. hinder
C. restrict
D. prohibit
32. Without telephone it would be impossible to carry on the functions of every business
operation in the whole country.
A. practically
B. preferably
C. precisely
D. presumably
33.Preliminary estimation puts the figure at around $110 billion, the $160 billion the
President is struggling to get through the Congress.
A. in proportion to
B. in reply to
C. in relation to
D. in contrast to
34. He is planning another tour abroad, yet his passport will at the end of this month.
A. expire
B. exceed
C. terminate
D. cease
35. All the offshore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read letters from their families.
A. sentimental
B. affectionate
C. intimate
D. sensitive
36. Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to , or at least weaken, the
trends that emerged in the 1980s.
A. revolt
B. revolve
C. reverse
D. revive
37. I was unaware of the critical points involved so my choice was quite .
A. arbitrary
B. rational
C. mechanical
D. unpredictable
38. The local people were joyfully surprised to find the price of vegetables no longer accor-
ding to the weather.
A. altered
B. converted
C. fluctuated
D. modified
39. The pursuit of leisure on the part of the employees will certainly not their prospect of
promotion.
A. spur
B. further
C. induce
D. reinforce
40. In what to a last minute stay of execution, a council announced that emergency
funding would keep alive two aging satellites.
A. applies
B. accounts
C. attaches
D. amounts
Part Ⅱ Cloze Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10 points)
Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They 41 that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the 42 man. But they insisted that its 43 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 44 of the English population. 45 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 46 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.
This view, 47 , is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists 48 history and economics, have 49 two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 50 by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.
41.A. admitted B. believed C. claimed D. predicted
42.A. plain B. average C. mean D. normal
43.A. momentary B. prompt C. instant D. immediate
44.A. bulk B. host C. gross D. magnitude
45.A. On B. With C. For D. By
46.A. broadly B. thoroughly C. generally D. completely
47.A. however B. meanwhile C. therefore D. moreover
48.A. at B. in C. about D. for
49.A. manifested B. approved C. shown D. speculated
50.A. noted B. impressed C. labeled D. marked
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Directions:
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers marked A，B，C and D.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)
Passage 1
Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is humankind?s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.
The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn?t help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. Egypt?s leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey?s bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.
But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left—all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the stroops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself.
Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed.
Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan. You don?t need a dam to be saved.
51. The third sentence of paragraph 1 implies that .
[A] people would be happy if they shut their eyes to reality
[B] the blind could be happier than the sighted
[C] over-excited people tend to neglect vital things
[D] fascination makes people lose their eyesight
52.In paragraph 5, “the powerless” probably refers to.
[A] areas short of electricity
[B] dams without power stations
[C] poor countries around India
[D] common people in the Narmada Dam area
53. What is the myth concerning giant dams?
[A] They bring in more fertile soil.
[B] They help defend the country.
[C] They strengthen international ties.
[D] They have universal control of the waters.
54. What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as.
[A] “It?s no use crying over spilt milk”
[B] “More haste, less speed”
[C] “Look before you leap”
[D] “He who laughs last laughs best”
Passage 2
Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.
The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987.That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978 1987 average.The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.
Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace—all that reengineering and downsizing—are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity: switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much. Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.
Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bon Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “re-engineering” has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael
Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability. BBDO?s Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish—“the worst sort of ambulance-cashing.”
55. According to the author, the American economic situation is .
[A] not as good as it seems
[B] at its turning point
[C] much better than it seems
[D] near to complete recovery
56. The official statistics on productivity growth .
[A] exclude the usual rebound in a business cycle
[B] fall short of businessmen s anticipation
[C] meet the expectation of business people
[D] fail to reflect the true state of economy
57. The author raises the question “What about pain without gain?” because .
[A] he questions the truth of “no gain without pain”
[B] he does not think the productivity revolution works
[C] he wonders if the official statistics are misleading
[D] he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses
58. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?
[A] Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity.
[B] New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity.
[C] The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain long-term profitability.
[D] The consultants are a bunch of good-for-nothings.
Passage 3
Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gallileo?s 17th century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake?s harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.
Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics-but no longer. As funding for science ha s declined, scientists have attacked “antiscience” in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World, by Car Sagan of Cornell University.
Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason”, held in New York City in 1995, and “Science in the Age of (Mis) information,” which assembled last June near Buffalo.
Antiscience clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned science?s objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.
A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.
Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pre-technological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience, as an essay in US News ＆World Report last May seemed to suggest.
The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.
Indeed, some observers fear that the antiscience epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless. “The term …antiscience?can lump together too many, quite different things,”notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti-Science. “They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.”
59. The word “schism” (Line3, Para 1) in the context probably means .
[A] confrontation [B] dissatisfaction [C] separation [D] contempt
60. Paragraphs 2 and 3 are written to .
[A] discuss the cause of the decline of science?s power
[B] show the author?s sympathy with scientists
[C] explain the way in which science develops
[D] exemplify the division of science and the humanities
61. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
[A] Environmentalists were blamed for anti-science in an essay.
[B] Politicians are not subject to the labeling of anti-science.
[C] The “more enlightened” tend to tag others as anti-science.
[D] Tagging environmentalists as “anti-science” is justifiable.
62. The author?s attitude toward the issue of “science vs. anti-science” is .
[A] impartial [B] subjective [C] biased [D] puzzling
Passage 4
Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.
This development—and its strong implications for US politics and economy in years ahead—has enthroned the South as America?s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation?s head counting.
Altogether, the US population rose in the 1970s by 23.2 million people—numerically the third—largest growth ever recorded in a single decade. Even so, that gain adds up to only 11.4 percent, lowest in American annual records except for the Depression years.
Americans have been migrating south and west in larger number since World War Ⅱ, and the pattern still prevails.
Three sun—belt states—Florida, Texas and California—together had nearly 10 million more people in 1980 than a decade earlier. Among large cities, San Diego moved from 14th to 8th and San Antonio from 15th to 10th—with Cleveland and Washington, DC, dropping out of the top 10.
Not all that shift can be attributed to the movement out of the snow belt, census officials say. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too—and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday?s “baby boom” generation reached its child—bearing years.
Moreover, demographers see the continuing shift south and west as joined by a related but newer phenomenon: More and more, Americans apparently are looking not just for places with more jobs but with fewer people, too. Some instances ——
Regionally, the Rocky Mountain states reported the most rapid growth rate—37.1 percent since 1970 in a vast area with only 5 percent of the US population.
Among states, Nevada and Arizona grew fastest of all:63.5 and 53.1 percent respectively. Except for Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is composed of western states with 7.5 million people—about 9 per square mile.
The flight from over—crowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bearable climates.
Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West. There, California added 3.7 million to its population in the 1970s, more than any other state.
In that decade, however, large numbers also migrated from California, mostly to other parts of the West. Often they chose—and still are choosing—somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog, crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.
As a result, California?s growth rate dropped during the 1970s, to 18.5 percent—little more than two thirds the 1960s growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.
63.Discerned from the perplexing picture of population growth the 1980 census provided,
America in 1970s .
[A] enjoyed the lowest net growth of population in history
[B] witnessed a southwestern shift of population
[C] underwent an unparalleled period of population growth
[D] brought to a standstill its pattern of migration since World War Ⅱ
64. The census distinguished itself from previous studies on population movement in that .
[A] it stresses the climatic influence on population distribution
[B] it highlights the contribution of continuous waves of immigrants
[C] it reveals the Americans new pursuit of spacious living
[D] it elaborates the delayed effects of yesterday?s “baby boom”
65. We can see from the available statistics that .
[A] California was once the most thinly populated area in the whole US
[B] the top 10 states in growth rate of population were all located in the West
[C] cities with better climates benefited unanimously from migration
[D] Arizona ranked second of all states in its growth rate of population
66. The word “demographers”(Line 1, Para.7) most probably means.
[A] people in favor of the trend of democracy
[B] advocates of migration between states
[C] scientists engaged in the study of population
[D] conservatives clinging to old patterns of life
Passage 5
Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the world?s volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth?s surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates.
That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute. Africa and South America, for example, are moving away from each other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them. The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another
cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth?s interior. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of the hot-spot population it appears that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years.
The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper layer creates a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops deep fissures (cracks);in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability (inconstancy).
67. The author believes that .
[A] the motion of the plates corresponds to that of the earth?s interior
[B] the geological theory about drifting plates has been proved to be true
[C] the hot spots and the plates move slowly in opposite directions
[D] the movement of hot spots proves the continents are moving apart
68. That Africa and South America were once joined can be deduced from the fact that .
[A] the two continents are still moving in opposite directions
[B] they have been found to share certain geological features
[C] the African plate has been stable for 30 million years
[D] over 100 hot spots are scattered all around the globe
69. The hot-spot theory may prove useful in explaining .
[A] the structure of the African plates
[B] the revival of dead volcanoes
[C] the mobility of the continents
[D] the formation of new oceans
70.The passage is mainly about .
[A] the features of volcanic activities
[B] the impotance of the theory about drifting plates
[C] the significance of hot spots in geophysical studies
[D] the process of the formation of volcanoes
Part Ⅳ English-Chinese Translation
Directions:
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)
They were, by far, the largest and most distant objects that scientists had ever detected: a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light-years from earth.(71)But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. That was just about the moment that the universe was born. What the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected: the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration?s Cosmic Background Explorer satellite—Cobe—had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy).
(72)The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. According to the theory, the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic, unimaginable dense knot of pure energy that flew outward in all directions, emitting radiation as it went, condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas. Over billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies, stars, plants and eventually, even humans.
Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures, but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well, the seeds of local objects like clusters and super clusters of galaxies. They shouldn?t have long to wait.(73)Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.
(74)If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.
Inflation says that very early on, the universe expanded in size by more than a trillion trillion trillion trillionfold in much less than a second, propelled by a sort of antigravity.(75)Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
Part Ⅴ Writing (15 points)
Directions：
A. Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in no less than 150 words.
B. Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
C. Your essay should meet the requirements below:
1) Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon.
2) Give your comments.
1998年考研英语真题答案快速扫描
1998年考研英语真题答案系统精析
Part Ⅰ Structure and Vocabulary
Section A
1. I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time the last bus.
A. to have caught
B. to catch
C. catching
D. having caught
【句意】昨晚我在办公室工作得太晚，差一点儿没赶上最后一趟公交车。
【答案】B
【考核知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】动词不定式和分词都可作后置定语，动词不定式表示将来的动作；分词表示一般动作；根据句意可知，所填之词修饰“time”，表示去乘车的时间，是将来的时间，
所以C、D不对；“to have caught”是不定式的完成形式，表示动作发生在“had time”
之前，用在此处显然不对，所以A选项也不对。“hardly had time to do sth.”意为“几
乎没有时间，来不及去做某事”，而“have a hard time doing sth.” 则意为“做某事不
容易”。故应该选B。
【举例】I had a hard time going back.
She had a hard/difficult time finding her dog.
I had no time to go shopping.
2. As it turned out to be a small house party, we so formally.
A. needn?t dress up
B. did not need have dressed up
C. did not need dress up
D. needn?t have dressed up
【句意】原来那只不过是一个小小的家庭聚会，我们真没有必要穿戴得那么正式。
【答案】D
【考核知识点】情态动词
【解析】一般情况下，“do not need to do sth.”或“need not do sth.”意为“没有必要去做某事”，表示某事还没有做；“do not need to do sth.”中的“need”是行为动词，“need not do
sth.”中的“need”是情态动词；“needn?t have done sth.”意为“原本没有必要做某事”，
表示某事已经做了；根据“it turned out to be(原来是)”可知，我们已经参加了那个
聚会，所以A、C不对；B的表达方式明显不对，应该为“did not need to have dressed
up”。即选D。
【举例】You needn?t have woken her up; she doesn?t have to go to shool today.
You needn?t have finished last night.
You didn?t need to back.
3. I apologize if I you, but I assure you it was unintentional.
A. offend
B. had offended
C. should have offended
D. might have offended
【句意】如果当时冒犯了你，我道歉，但是我向你保证我不是故意的。
【答案】B
【考核知识点】虚拟语气
【解析】根据后面的“it was unintentional”可知动作已经发生，因此“if”引导的从句表示对过去事实的虚拟，句子应该用过去完成时态,所以A选项不对;C 一般用于虚拟条件
句的主句中，表示过去应该做某事但是没有做，用在此处也不对；D 一般也用于
虚拟条件句的主句中，表示过去可能做过某事；只有B是表示与过去事实相反的
虚拟语气。故应该选B。
4. Although a teenager, Fred could resist what to do and what not to do.
A. to be told
B. having been told
C. being told
D. to have been told 【句意】虽然弗雷德才十几岁，但他却能抵制别人叫他做这做那。
【答案】C
【考核知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】“resist”后面一般接名词或动名词作宾语，所以选项A、D不对；B的时态也不对。
应选C。
5. Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage avoided.
A. is to be
B. can be
C. will be
D. has been
【句意】若要避免粮食短缺问题，就必须加大力度，增加农业产量。
【答案】A
【考核知识点】一般将来时
【解析】本题测试时态,根据句意可知“避免粮食短缺”是将来的动作，而从句应该用一般现
在时态表示将来时态，不能用“will”、“shall”或”be going to”表示，所以C不对；B
表示能避免或可能避免，不符合句子的意思；D表示避免的动作已经完成，也不
符合句子的意思；“be to do”结构可以表示将来，表示“按计划、规定、要求等将要
做的事情”。
6. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true
it comes to classroom tests.
A. before
B. as
C. since
D. when
【句意】做家庭作业是一种提高你的考试成绩的稳妥办法，特别对随堂考试，这方法尤为可靠。
【答案】D
【考核知识点】本题测试常用句型的用法
【解析】“When it comes to + 名词性成分”为一固定句型，意为“当涉及到……”或“谈到……
时”，故答案应为D。其余三项都没有这种用法。
【举例】He knows nothing when it comes to astronomy.
7. There are over 100 night schools in the city, making it possible for a professional to be
re-educated no matter he does.
A. how
B. where
C. what
D. when
【句意】这座城市有一百多所夜校，这使得专业技术人员无论从事什么工作，都有可能接受再教育。
【答案】C
【考核知识点】连词用法
【解析】本题测试引导词,根据句意可知，所填之词既要引导he does从句，又要在从句中作宾语，因为does是及物动词，必须后缀宾语。“how”表示方式，可以引导从句，
但是不能在从句中作宾语；“where”表示地点，可以引导从句，但不能在从句中作
宾语，“when”也是可引导从句，同样不能作宾语。只有“what”既可以引导从句，
又可以在从句中作宾语。由此可见，答案只能为C。
8. I?ve kept up a friendship with a girl whom I was at school twenty years ago.
A. about
B. since
C. till
D. with
【句意】我一直与一个二十年前和我同校读书的女孩保持着友谊。
【答案】D
【考核知识点】介词用法
【解析】根据句子的意思可知，定语从句“whom I was at school”只有加上一个介词后才能完整；如果用“about”、“since”或“till”，则句子的时态不对，意思也不完整；只有
用“with”与“whom I was at school”一起构成定语从句，表示“和我同校学习的那名
女孩”。这才符合句子的意思，应该选D。
【举例】The little house which we used to go to has disappeared.
She is the woman whom I talked to yesterday.
9. He wasn?t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, insufficiently popular with all members.
A. being considered
B. considering
C. to be considered
D. having considered 【句意】因为考虑到他不能受到所有成员的欢迎，所以，没有邀请他担任协会的主席职务。【答案】A
【考核知识点】非谓语动词
【解析】分词和动词不定式都可以作状语分词结构作状语，经常表示原因；不定式结构作状语，则多表示目的和结果。根据句意可排除C，前后句子的主语相同，前面的
句子用的是被动语态，后面的句子也应该用被动语态。故排除B、D两个主动式。
10.for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.
A. Had it not been
B. Were it not
C. Be it not
D. Should it not be
【句意】要不是老百姓的及时投资，我们公司不可能像现在这样兴旺。
【答案】A
【考核知识点】虚拟语气条件句的省略式
【解析】尽管句末用了一般现在时“as it is”，然而逗号前显然是在针对过去进行假设，由后面的“our company would not be so thriving”可知，本句话应该用虚拟语气。针对过
去的虚拟语气条件句应用过去完成时态来表达，故原句应为“If it had not been...”,
根据英语语法，该条件句可简略为“Had it not been...”，故A正确答案。B、D分
别是现在虚拟条件句和将来虚拟条件句的省略表达形式。C不是虚拟形式。
【举例】If you had finished your work yesterday, you would be free all right now.
If you were older, I would have allowed you to go swimming yesterday.
Section B (11~20略：新大纲不再考查的部分)
Section C
21. The machine needs a complete since it has been in use for over ten years.
A. amending
B. fitting
C. mending
D. renovating
【句意】这台机器已经运转十多年了，因此需要全面检修。
【答案】C
【考核知识点】动词短语
【解析】[A] amending“修正,修改,改正,改善”指改正……的缺点或错误。[例]amend a bill/one?s way。
[B] fitting“安装,装备”指为……提供设备。［例］fit the lab with the latest equipment。
[C] mending“修理,修补”指修补破损的用具，使之可再用。［例］mend shoes/a
watch/broken toy/a road/a hole。
[D] renovating“更新,革新,修复(尤其指旧建筑物),整修”指通过修理使……恢复原先
的状态。［例］The house has been completely renovated and modernized.
22. There were many people present and he appeared only for a few seconds, so I only caught a
of him.
A. glance
B. glimpse
C. look
D. sight
【句意】到场的人很多，而他只到场了一会儿，所以，我只瞅见他一眼。
【答案】B
【考核知识点】测试固定搭配
【解析】［A］glance一瞥,匆匆一看。［搭配］take/have/cast a glance at意思是“对……匆匆一看，一瞥”。
［B］glimpse［搭配］catch/get a glimpse of瞥见，看见一眼。［例］I caught a glimpse of the girl?s face as she ran past.那个女孩跑过去时，我瞥见了她的脸。
［C］look看，注意。［搭配］have/take a look at意为“看一看……”。
［D］sight［搭配］catch sight of(注意:sight前没有冠词。)根据句意可知，应该选“glimpse”即B。
23. I don?t think it?s wise of you to your greater knowledge in front of the director, for it
may offend him.
A. show up
B. show out
C. show in
D. show off
【句意】我认为你在主任面前卖弄你懂得更多知识很不明智，因为这样做可能会冒犯他。【答案】D
【考核知识点】固定搭配
【解析】［A］show up使露出;出席;出现;显眼。［例］We were hoping for a full team today but only three players showed up.今天我们希望全体队员都到齐，但结果只到了三
个人。/Why didn?t you show up at the party yesterday evening?昨晚聚会时你怎
么没有到场?
［B］show out送某人出去
［C］show in领某人进入
［D］show off卖弄,炫耀。［例］The child sang and danced around the room, showing off to everybody.那个孩子满屋子跳舞，向大家炫耀。
24. The returns in the short may be small, but over a number of years the investment will
be well repaid.
A. interval
B. range
C. span
D. term
【句意】短期内，这笔投资所获的利润可能不高，但是，几年后会获得丰厚的利润。
【答案】D
【考核知识点】近义词辨析
【解析】［A］interval“(时间的)间隔,间歇(强调两个事件之间的时间。)”指两个特定瞬间，事件或状态之间的时间量。［例］at intervals不时/at short/long intervals间或/
常常。
［B］range“范围，幅度，区域(不表示时间)”。指运用心眼、机器、力量等所能概括的整个范围。
［C］span“(自始至终的)一段时间(侧重时间跨度)，期间”指自始至终的一段时间，侧重于时间跨度。［例］the life span寿命/a short span of two years短短的两
年期限。
［D］term“期间，期限”指一段限定的时间。［搭配］in the short term短期内。［例］In the short term we may lose money on this book,but in the long term we hope
to make large profit.就眼前来说，我们也许在这本书上会亏本，但从长远来
说，我们有望赚大钱。
25. A thorough study of biology requires with the properties of trees and plants, and the
habit of birds and beasts.
A. acquisition
B. Discrimination
C. Curiosity
D. familiarity
【句意】要想对生物学作透彻的研究，就必须通晓树木和其他植物的特性以及鸟兽类的习性。【答案】D
【考核知识点】词义辨析及固定搭配
【解析】［A］acquisition“获得，得到”指通过自我努力获得。
［B］discrimination“区别；歧视”指发觉显著特征，看出区别。
［C］curiosity“好奇心，求知欲”指想知道与自己无关的人或事情的欲望。
［D］familiarity“熟悉，通晓”指通晓……的特点或状态。根据句意可知，所填之词应该与后面的“with”搭配；只有“familiarity”可以与之搭配，意为“熟悉……，
通晓……”。应该选D。［搭配］familiar with /familiarity with。［例］His
familiarity with many strange languages surprised us all.他通晓许多种陌生的
语言，这使我们都感到惊讶。
26. She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would her long effort.
A. justify
B. testify
C. rectify
D. verify
【句意】她一直辛勤工作，但事先并不能确定其结果是否会白费力气。
【答案】A
【考核知识点】形近词词义辨析
【解析】［A］justify“证明……是值得的/正当的/有理的/公正的”指证明……正当、正确、有效或值得。［例］The course of that events fully justifies our views.那件事情的发
展完全证明我们的意见是正确的。
［B］testify“作证，表明，证明”基于个人经历支持一种假设事实的陈述。［例］Words testify thought.言语表明思想。/His red face testified to his guilt.他脸色通红,这
说明他内心有愧。
［C］rectify“纠正，校正，矫正，整顿，改正”指通过计算或调整来矫正。［例］rectify errors/one?s life 纠正错误/改过自新。
［D］verify“证实，检验，查证，核实”指通过比较、调查或参考等来确定……的真实性或确切性。［例］verify the figures of a report核实报告中的数字。根据句
意可知，应该选A。
27.I m very glad to know that my boss has generously agreed tomy debt in return for certain
services.
A. take away
B. cut out
C. write off
D. clear up
【句意】得知老板因为我的一些贡献，慷慨地将我欠的债一笔勾销，我很高兴。
【答案】C
【考核知识点】短语动词
【解析】［A］take away拿走，夺走，减损
［B］cut out切掉，割掉，剪去，停止，放弃
［C］write off取消，勾销(债务)，注销。［例］There seems to be no hope of ever getting the debt back from him. I think you can write it off.看来那笔债再也没有希望从
他那儿要回来了，我认为你可以把它消掉了。
［D］clear up清算，解释，澄清，清除，解除(误会、疑虑)。［例］clear up misunderstanding消除误会。根据句意可知应该选用“write off”,即C。
28. Some journalists often overstate the situation so that their news may create a great .
A. explosion
B. sensation
C. exaggeration
D. stimulation
【句意】有些记者往往夸大事态，以便他们的新闻可能产生极大的轰动效应。
【答案】B
【考核知识点】词义辨析
【解析】［A］explosion“爆炸，爆发”指突然而又常常剧烈地释放机械能、化学能、核能、高温或气体。
［B］sensation“轰动，激动(特指由一个人物或一条新闻所导致的轰动效应)”指公众浓厚的兴趣和兴奋的状态。［例］His new theory has created an enormous
sensation throughout the civilized world.他的新理论在整个文明世界引起巨大
轰动。
［C］exaggeration“夸大，夸张”指描述得大于实际情况。
［D］stimulation“刺激，鼓舞，鼓励(泛指任何可以带来刺激或兴奋的事)”指通过激励使……兴奋。根据句意可知，应该选B。
29.According to what you have just said, am I to understand that his new post no
responsibility with it at all?
A. shoulders
B. possesses
C. carries
D. shares
【句意】依你刚才所说，我可以推断他的新职位完全没有职责?