数据库Ⅵ-1：体力活动消耗库(英文版)(1)

Compendium of Physical Activities:an update of activity codes and

MET intensities

BARBARA E.AINSWORTH,WILLIAM L.HASKELL,MELICIA C.WHITT,MELINDA L.IRWIN,

ANN M.SWARTZ,SCOTT J.STRATH,WILLIAM L.O’BRIEN,DAVID R.BASSETT,JR.,

KATHRYN H.SCHMITZ,PATRICIA O.EMPLAINCOURT,DAVID R.JACOBS,JR.,and ARTHUR S.LEON Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Department of Exercise Science,School of Public Health,University of South Carolina,Columbia,SC29208;Stanford Center for Research in Disease Prevention,School of Medicine,Stanford University,Palo Alto,CA94304;Division of Kinesiology,School of Kinesiology and Leisure Studies,University of Minnesota,Minneapolis,MN55454;Division of Epidemiology,School of Public Health,University of Minnesota, Minneapolis,MN55455;Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management,University of Tennessee,Knoxville,TN 37996;Department of Human Performance,University of Alabama,Tuscaloosa,AL35487

ABSTRACT

AINSWORTH,B.E,.,W.L.HASKELL,M.C.WHITT,M.L.IRWIN,A.M.SWARTZ,S.J.STRATH,W.L.O’BRIEN,D.R.

BASSETT,JR.,K.H.SCHMITZ,P.O EMPLAINCOURT,D.R.JACOBS,JR.,and https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8913640011.html,pendium of physical activities:

an update of activity codes and MET intensities.Med.Sci.Sports Exerc.,Vol.32,No.9,Suppl.,pp.S498–S516,2000.We provide

an updated version of the Compendium of Physical Activities,a coding scheme that classifies specific physical activity(PA)by rate

of energy expenditure.It was developed to enhance the comparability of results across studies using self-reports of PA.The

Compendium coding scheme links a five-digit code that describes physical activities by major headings(e.g.,occupation,transpor-

tation,etc.)and specific activities within each major heading with its intensity,defined as the ratio of work metabolic rate to a standard

resting metabolic rate(MET).Energy expenditure in MET-minutes,MET-hours,kcal,or kcal per kilogram body weight can be

estimated for specific activities by type or MET intensity.Additions to the Compendium were obtained from studies describing daily

PA patterns of adults and studies measuring the energy cost of specific physical activities in field settings.The updated version includes

two new major headings of volunteer and religious activities,extends the number of specific activities from477to605,and provides

updated MET intensity levels for selected activities.Key Words:EXERCISE,EXERTION,ENERGY EXPENDITURE

T he Compendium of Physical Activities was devel-oped to facilitate the coding of physical activities

(PAs)obtained from PA records,logs,and surveys and to promote comparison of coded physical activity in-tensity levels across observational studies(1).The Compen-dium provides a coding scheme that links a five-digit code, representing the specific activities performed in various settings,with their respective metabolic equivalent(MET) intensity https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8913640011.html,ing the definition for a MET as the ratio of work metabolic rate to a standard resting metabolic rate of1.0(4.184kJ)?kg?1?h?1,1MET is considered a resting metabolic rate obtained during quiet sitting.Activities are listed in the Compendium as multiples of the resting MET level and range from0.9(sleeping)to18METs(running at 10.9mph).

We provide an update of the initial Compendium of Physical Activities,developed in1989and published in 1993.The updated Compendium reflects additional activi-ties identified by researchers in the past10years and pre-sents measured MET intensities for some activities in which METs were estimated from similar activities.The updated Compendium also reflects public health interests in evalu-ating the contributions of various types of physical activity to daily energy expenditure by providing additional catego-ries for activities done during the day.

The initial Compendium has received widespread accep-tance among PA specialists in the exercise science and public health fields.For example,in the United States,the coding scheme has been used to identify MET intensities for PAs in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(6),the1991National Health Interview Survey(11), the Paffenbarger College Alumni Study(15),and to evalu-ate the accuracy of the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire(MN-LTPA)(26).Internationally, the Compendium has been used to identify MET intensities for activities listed in the MONICA Optional Survey of Physical Activity(MOSPA)(12).The coding scheme and MET intensities for activities listed in the Compendium of Physical Activities also have been published as an appendix or abstracted as a chart in several books(18–20,34).

In their landmark1995paper that presents the recommen-dation of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

0195-9131/00/3209-0498/0

MEDICINE&SCIENCE IN SPORTS&EXERCISE

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Copyright?2000by the International Life Sciences Institute

S498

(CDC)and the American College of Sports Medicine(ACSM) for adults to accumulate at least30min of regular,moderate-intensity physical activity on most days of the week,Pate et al.

(23)cite the Compendium as a reference that researchers, clinicians,and practitioners can use to identify examples of moderate intensity physical activities.

The updated Compendium includes two additional major headings and129new specific activities.It also provides modifications of94codes in the1993Compendium,adding

or deleting specific activities or providing updated MET levels.The new major headings and most of the specific activities were identified from studies using PA records to identify daily PA habits among adults(2,3)and from per-sonal communications from other investigators who re-ported activities omitted from the initial Compendium.Up-dated MET levels were obtained from laboratory and field studies designed to measure the energy cost for specific PAs (4,7–9,16,17,21,22,24,27–30,32,35,37).We have also clar-ified the meaning of the letter T followed by three numbers (i.e.,T010)as activities and their associated MET levels defined by Dr.Henry Taylor for the MN-LTPA(31).The letter T is now replaced by the words Taylor Code and followed by the MN-LTPA survey item number(e.g.,Tay-lor Code010).In this paper we present the updated Com-pendium of Physical Activities(Appendix1)and recom-mendations for its implementation to identify PA habits using PA records.

CODING SCHEME

Activity coding.The reader is referred to the1993 published version of the Compendium(1)for a detailed description of the coding scheme,organization,and meth-ods used to calculate the energy cost of PAs.Briefly,the Compendium is organized to maximize flexibility in coding, data entry,and interpretation of energy cost for each class and type of PA.The coding scheme employs a five-digit code to categorize activities by their major purpose or head-ing(first two digits),specific activity(last three digits),and intensity(separate two-or three-digit column).For example, the five-digit code,06100,is defined as follows:

Major Heading Specific Activity MET intensity

06100 5.0

Home Repair Cleaning Gutters

Based on the model proposed by Pate et al.(23)for classifying the MET intensity of PAs(light,?3METs; moderate,3–6METs;vigorous,?6METs),the activity code06100is classified as moderate intensity.

Major headings.Two additional major headings were added to the updated Compendium of Physical Activities for a total of21major types of PAs(Table1).

The two new categories,religious activities and volunteer activities,were identified from the use of PA records in the Cross-Cultural Activity Participation Study(CAPS)(2). CAPS was an observational study of PA habits among African American,Native American,and Caucasian women,ages40yr and older.The new categories include43 specific activities that are culturally and socially relevant among ethnic minorities and/or older adults.Religious and ceremonial activities play a central role in the lives of many older adults,especially among ethnic minority groups(5). Among retired people and others not employed in occupa-tional settings,volunteer activities also commonly represent an important contribution to daily energy expenditure. Specific activities.The updated Compendium con-tains605specific activities,including129new activities added to the1993Compendium.Modifications were also made to94PAs listed in the1993Compendium,which involved adding or deleting specific activities associated with each code.For example,for the code08030,lawn and garden activities,the phrase“wheelbarrow chores”was added to the1993Compendium’s specifications of clearing land and hauling branches.In other cases,activities were removed from existing codes and new codes were devel-oped if the removed activities had a different MET level or were qualitatively different from other specific activities listed for the code.For example,the1993Compendium listed mopping as a specific activity in code05020,home activities.However,Emplaincourt(7)measured the MET intensity for mopping as3.5METs and the MET intensity for the other activities in the code was listed as3.0METs. Thus,mopping was deleted from code05020and a new code,05021,was created.Another example is watching television.In1993,watching television was coded as07010 (reclining)or07020(sitting)and was grouped with other specific activities that involved sitting quietly(i.e.,riding in a car,listening to a lecture or to music)or reclining and doing nothing.Because watching television is a sedentary but modifiable leisure time activity that may be related to the increased prevalence of physical inactivity(36),over-weight,and obesity in the United States(13,14),the authors felt that watching television should have a separate code to monitor time spent in this activity.In the updated Compen-dium,the codes07010and07020refer to watching televi-sion only.New codes have been added for the remaining inactive reclining(07011)and sitting(07021)activities. Table2presents the new five-digit codes,and Table3 presents the modifications for existing codes as incorporated in the updated Compendium.

Intensity of activities.All activities are assigned an intensity level based on the rate of energy expenditure expressed as METs.Intensity of activities in the Compen-dium is classified as multiples of1MET or as the ratio of the associated metabolic rate for the specific activity divided TABLE1.Major types of activities in Version2of the Compendium of Physical Activities;new major headings are italicized.

01–Bicycling08–Lawn and Garden15–Sports

02–Conditioning Exercises09–Miscellaneous16–Transportation

03–Dancing10–Music Playing17–Walking

04–Fishing and Hunting11–Occupation18–Water Activities

05–Home Activities12–Running19–Winter Activities

06–Home Repair13–Self Care20–Religious Activities 07–Inactivity14–Sexual Activity21–Volunteer Activities

COMPENDIUM OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES:UPDATE Medicine&Science in Sports&Exercise?S499

Major Heading Code Number METs Example

Bicycling010158.0Bicycling,general

Conditioning Exercises02101 2.5Mild stretching

Dancing030168.5Aerobic,step,with6–8inch step

0301710.0Aerobic,step,with10–12inch step

03031 4.5Disco,folk,square,line dancing,Irish step dancing,polka,contra,and country dancing.

03050 5.5Anishinaabe Jingle Dancing or other traditional American Indian dancing

Home Activities05021 3.5Mopping

05025 2.5Multiple household tasks all at once,light effort

05026 3.5Multiple household tasks all at once,moderate effort

05027 4.0Multiple household tasks all at once,vigorous effort

05043 3.5Vacuuming

05045 6.0Butchering animals

05053 2.5Feeding animals

05148 2.5Watering plants

05149 2.5Building a fire inside

05181 3.0Carrying small children

05187 4.0Elder care,disabled adults,only active periods

05188 1.5Reclining with baby

05190 2.5Sitting,playing with animals,light,only active periods

05191 2.8Standing,playing with animals,light,only active periods

05192 2.8Walk/run,playing with animals,light,only active periods

05193 4.0Walk/run,playing with animals,moderate,only active periods

05194 5.0Walk/run,playing with animals,vigorous,only active periods

05195 3.5Standing–bathing dog

Lawn and Garden06165 4.5Painting(Taylor Code630)

Inactivity07011 1.0Lying queitly,done nothing,lying in bed awake,listening to music(not talking or reading)

07021 1.0Sitting quietly,sitting smoking,listening to music(not talking or reading),watching a movie in a theater Lawn and Garden08125 4.5Mowing lawn,power mower(Taylor Code590)

08165 4.0Raking lawn(Taylor Code600)

04246 3.0Picking fruit off trees,picking fruits/vegetables,moderate effort

Miscellaneous09071 2.0Standing–miscellaneous

09075 1.5Sitting—arts and crafts,light effort

09080 2.0Sitting—arts and crafts,moderate effort

09085 1.8Standing—arts and crafts,light effort

09090 3.0Standing—arts and crafts,moderate effort

09095 3.5Standing—arts and crafts,vigorous effort

09100 1.5Retreat/family reunion activities involving sitting,relaxing,talking,eating

09105 2.0Touring/traveling/vacation involving walking and riding

09110 2.5Camping involving standing,walking,sitting,light-to-moderate effort

09115 1.5Sitting at a sporting event,spectator

Occupation11015 2.5Bakery,light effort

11121 3.0Custodial,buffing the floor with an electric buffer

11122 2.5Custodial,cleaning sink and toilet,light effort

11123 2.5Custodial,dusting,light effort

11124 4.0Custodial,feathering arena floor,moderate effort

11125 3.5Custodial,general cleaning,moderate effort

11126 3.5Custodial,mopping,moderate effort

11127 3.0Custodial,take out trash,moderate effort

11128 2.5Custodial,vacuuming,light effort

11129 3.0Custodial,vacuuming,moderate effort

11151 4.0Farming,chasing cattle or other livestock on horseback,moderate effort

11152 2.0Farming,chasing cattle or other livestock,driving,light effort

11191 6.0Farming,taking care of animals(grooming,brushing,shearing sheep,assisting with birthing,medical care,branding)

1149512.0Skin diving or SCUBA diving as a frogman(Navy Seal)

11615 4.0Lifting items continuously,10–20lbs,with limited walking or resting

11765 3.5Tailoring,weaving

11796 3.0Walking,gathering things at work,ready to leave

11805 4.0Walking,pushing a wheelchair

Running12027 4.5Jogging on a mini-trampoline

Self Care13036 1.0Taking medication,sitting or standing

13045 2.5Hairstyling

13046 1.0Having hair or nails done by someone else,sitting

Sports15265 4.5Golf,walking and carrying clubs

15285 4.3Golf,walking and pulling clubs

1559112.5Roller blading(in-line skating)

15685 5.0Tennis,doubles play

157118.0Volleyball,competitive play in a gymnasium

15732 4.0Track and field(shot,discus,hammer throw)

15733 6.0Track and field(high jump,long jump,triple jump,javelin,pole vault)

1573410.0Track and field(steeplechase,hurdles)

Transportation16015 1.0Riding in a car or truck

16016 1.0Riding in a bus

Walking17031 3.0Loading/unloading a car

17085 2.5Bird watching

17105 4.0Pushing a wheelchair,non occupational setting

17151 2.0Walking,less than2.0mph,level ground,strolling,very slow

17152 2.5Walking,2.0mph,level,slow pace,firm surface

17161 2.5Walking from house to car or bus,from car or bus to go places,from car or bus to and from the work site

17162 2.5Walking to neighbor’s house or family’s house for social reasons

17165 3.0Walking the dog

172318.0Walking,5.0mph

17280 2.5Walking to and from an outhouse

Water Activities18025 3.3Canoeing,harvesting wild rice,knocking rice off the stalks

18355 4.0Water aerobics,water calisthenics

183668.0Water jogging

Religious Activities20000–20100Addition of24new codes and description of activities

Volunteer Activities21000–21070Addition of19new codes and description of activities

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Major Heading Code Number Modification Made

Bicycling01010Removed word“general”from the description of activities

Conditioning Exercises02010Changed MET level from5.0to7.0

02020Added“jumping jacks”to the description of activities

02030Changed MET level from4.5to3.5

02040Added“including some aerobic movement with minimal rest”to the description of activities

02065Changed MET level from6.0to9.0

02070Changed MET level form9.5to7.0

02080Changed MET level from9.5to7.0

02090Added“jazzercise”to the description of activities

02100Changed MET level from4.0to2.5

Dancing03010Changed MET level from6.0to4.8;Added“jazz,tap,jitterbug”to the description of activites

03015Changed MET level from6.0to6.5

03025Added“Greek,Middle Eastern,hula,flamenco,belly,and swing dancing”to the description of activities

03030Changed description of activities to“ballroom dancing fast(Taylor Code125)”

03040Added“samba,tango,19th Century,mambo,chacha”to the description of activities

Fishing and Hunting04001Changed MET level from4.0to3.0

04020Changed MET level from5.0to4.0

Home Activities05010Changed MET level from2.5to3.3

05020Changed MET level from4.5to3.0;Removed“mopping”from the description of activities

05030Changed MET level from3.5to3.0

05040Removed“vacuuming”and“moderate effort”from the description of activities

05042Changed MET level from2.3to2.5

05050Changed MET level from2.5to2.0;Added“manual appliances”to the description of activities

05055Added“carrying groceries”to the description of activities

05056Changed MET level from8.0to7.5

05060Changed MET level from3.5to2.3;Changed description of activities to“food shopping with or without a groceyr cart,standing or walking”

05066Deleted this category for“Walking-shopping(non-grocery)shopping

05120Added,“carrying boxes”

05130Changed MET level from5.5to3.8;Added activities“scrubbing bathroom,bathtub”to description of activities

05145Deleted this category for“moving household itesm,carrying boxes”

05160Changed MET level from2.5to2.0

05170Added“only active periods”to the description of activities

05171Added“only active periods”to the description of activities

05175Added“only active periods”to the description of activities

05180Added“only active peridos”to the description of activities

05185Changed MET level from3.0to2.5;Added“general”to the description of activities

05186Changed MET level from3.5to3.0

Home Repair06020Changed MET level from4.5to4.0

06050Added“building a fence”to the description of activities

06140Added“repairing appliances”to the description of activities

06230Added“painting fence”to the description of activites

Inactivity07010Changed MET level from0.9to1.0;Change description of activities to“lying quietly,watching television”

07020Changed description of activities to“Sitting quietly and watching television”

Lawn and Garden08030Added“wheelbarrow chores”to the description of activities

08050Added“composting”to the description of activities

08060Removed“(see occupation,shoveling)”and added“chain saw”

08120Changed MET level from4.5to5.5;Removed“(Taylor Code610)”

08140Changed MET level from4.0to4.5

08160Changed MET level from4.0to4.3;Removed“(Taylor Code600)”

08215Added“Using leaf blower,edger”to description of activities

08245Changed MET level from5.0to4.0

08250Added“picking flowers or vegetables”to description of activities

Miscellaneous09020Change MET level from2.0to2.3;Add“duplicating machine”to description of activities

09040Added“typing”to description of activities

Occupation11010Added“moderate effort”to the description of activities

11070Added“making bed(nursing)”to the description of activities

11140Added“vigorous effort”to the description of activities

11150Added“(walking),moderate effort”to the description of activities

11160Added“cutting hay,irrigation work”to the description of activities

11190Added“horses”to the description of activities

11200Added“cleaning corral or barn,vigorous effort”to the description of activities

11220Added“light effort”to the description of activities

11230Added“moderate effort”to the description of activities

11528Changed MET level from8.0to4.0

11580Added“sitting,reading,driving at work”to the description of activities

11585Added“eating at a business meeting”to the description of activities

11590Added“teaching stretching or yoga”

11600Changed MET level from2.5to2.3;Changed the description of activities to read“standing,light(bartending,store clerk,assembling,filing,

duplicating,putting up a Christmas tree),standing and talking at work,changing clothes when teaching physical education”

11620Added“intermittent”to the description of activities

Running12160Replaced“running”with“jogging”;Changed to code12025

12190Removed“wheelchair wheeling”

Self Care13050Changed MET level from4.0to2.0

Sports15250Changed MET level from3.5to8.0

15260Deleted this code for the Taylor Code090for“golf,carrying clubs”

15280Deleted this code for the Taylor Code080for“golf,pulling clubs”

15380Added“grooming horse”to the description of activities

15680Represents Taylor Code430intensity level for doubles tennis

15710Represents Taylor Code400intensity level for competitive volleyball

Walking17010Removed“general”from the description of activities

17100Added“or walk with children”to the description of activities

17140Changed the mET level from4.0to5.0

17150Changed description of activities to“household walking”

17160Changed the MET level from2.5to3.5and changed description of activities to“walking for pleasure(Taylor Code010)”

17180Changed the MET level from3.0to2.8

17190Changed the MET level from3.5to3.3

17200Changed the MET level from4.0to3.8;Added“walking for exercise”to the description of activities

17220Changed MET level from4.0to5.0

17230Changed MET level from4.5to6.3

17250Removed“walking the dog”from the description of activities

Water Activities18170Changed code number to Occupational,11495

18240Changed MET level from8.0to7.0

18250Changed MET level from8.0to7.0

COMPENDIUM OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES:UPDATE Medicine&Science in Sports&Exercise?S501

by a standard RMR.In the1993Compendium,MET values were assigned to each activity based on the“best represen-tation“of an intensity level from published lists and selected unpublished data(1).For activities not in original lists or in other unpublished reports of the energy cost of physical activities,data were obtained from published literature and assigned a measured MET value or was estimated from similar activities with a known MET value(1).

MET levels for42activities in the updated Compendium were changed based on published and unpublished studies that measured the energy cost of PAs(4,7–9,16,17, 21,22,24,27–30,32,35,37).Since the publication of the1995 Pate et al.(23)moderate activity recommendation,there has been widespread interest among health educators,clinicians, public health specialists,and fitness professionals to recom-mend types of activities that are classified as moderate intensity.There was some concern,however,that the MET levels for many household,lawn and garden,walking,and some occupational activities frequently performed by older adults,people of color,and women of all ages had not been objectively measured,but had been assigned estimated MET intensities.Thus,in1997–1998,a series of studies were funded by the International Life Sciences Institute Research Foundation to measure the energy cost of selected house-hold,lawn and garden,walking,recreational,and occupa-tional activities using indirect calorimetry methods in lab-oratory and field settings(4,9,29,30,35).Doctoral dissertations and other research studies have also focused on measuring the MET intensities of household,lawn and garden,cultural,and custodial activities(8,9,27,28). Because changes in MET intensities for selected activities may change the energy cost of PA,investigators using the 1993Compendium in cohort studies may wish to continue using the1993Compendium to compute the energy cost of activities.However,for newer activities,codes in the2000 Compendium are appropriate for use.

As in the1993Compendium of Physical Activities,the updated Compendium provides data for adults without handicaps or other conditions that would significantly alter their mechanical or metabolic efficiency.Also,a study is underway at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to measure the energy cost of individual and group PAs among youth,ages8–18yr(J.A.Harrell,School of Nurs-ing,University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,1999). Another study is underway at the Edward Hines Jr.VA Hospital to measure the energy costs of physical activities in adults with spinal cord injuries(https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8913640011.html,ngbein and E. Collins,Hine Hospital,Maywood,IL,1999).When com-pleted,the projects will provide compendiums of the PAs measured in the studies.

Calculation of energy cost.Methods used to calcu-late the energy cost of activities in the1993Compendium were explained in detail by Ainsworth et al.(1).There has been concern that the absolute MET intensities presented in the Compendium may be inaccurate for people of different body mass and body fat percentage(10,27).For weight-bearing activities,Schmitz et al.(27)and Howell et al.(10) showed that the energy cost of activity was higher among heavier individuals than indicated by the Compendium’s MET intensities.For these individuals,use of the MET intensities in the Compendium would underestimate the actual energy cost of weight bearing activity.The opposite pattern would be observed for non–weight-bearing activi-ties.Schmitz(27)discusses these concerns in relation to energy expended during household chores among obese and lean women.Similar observations may apply to individuals who differ in age,cardiorespiratory fitness levels,and me-chanical efficiency and when activities are performed in varied geographic and environmental conditions(33).It should be emphasized that the Compendium was developed to facilitate the coding of PAs and to compare coding across studies.It does not take into account individual differences that may alter the energy cost of movement.Thus,a cor-rection factor may be needed to adjust for individual differ-ences when estimating the energy cost of PA in individuals; but no such general correction is available at this time. Use of the Compendium in PA validation studies. The Compendium facilitates the use of PA records to record the type,intensity,and duration of activities in a systematic manner.PA records and the Compendium have been used to validate PA surveys commonly used in observational and clinical studies(25).In1993,we presented a sample PA record for use with the Compendium(1).We have since developed an updated PA record that is easy to use and code and provides a detailed explanation for the use of PA records and the Compendium in PA validation studies. DISCUSSION AND LIMITATIONS

The value and limitations of using the Compendium of Physical Activities to determine the energy cost of PA in adults was previously discussed in the1993publication(1). Because the MET levels presented in the Compendium are based on the energy cost of actual movement,investigators should remind participants to recall only the time spent in movement when using the Compendium to estimate the energy cost of activities.It should also be stressed that the Compendium was not developed to determine the precise energy cost of PA within individuals,but instead to provide an activity classification system that standardizes the MET intensities of PAs used in survey research.This limits the use of the Compendium in estimating the energy cost of PA in individuals in ways that account for differences in body mass,adiposity,age,sex,efficiency of movement,geo-graphic and environmental conditions in which the activities are performed.Thus,individual differences in energy ex-penditure for the same activity can be large and the true energy cost for a person may or may not be close to the stated mean MET level as presented in the Compendium. As was true with the original Compendium,the updated version contains specific activities in which the MET values were not derived from indirect calorimetry;however,many codes have been updated using measured MET values.The updated Compendium still has some codes in which MET values were estimated from activities having similar

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movement patterns.Therefore,these estimates may have ill-defined confidence limits around the mean MET values. SUMMARY

The updated version of the1993Compendium of Phys-ical Activities includes new major headings for religious and volunteer activities,new five-digit codes for129spe-cific activities,and modifications to codes for94specific activities.Despite its known limitations,the Compendium has proven useful in coding physical activity surveys or records and in providing examples of activities within broad intensity ranges for use for PA counseling in research, education,and clinic settings.However,additional methods are needed to account for differences in individual charac-teristics that may alter the energy costs of physical activities. NOTES

An unpublished edition of the Compendium was devel-oped in2000to track changes from the first edition and to explore possible changes in future editions.The unpublished edition includes a two-digit number that identifies the ver-sion of the Compendium.The version number should make it simple to make corrections and additions to activity codes and their intensities while retaining the ability to code ques-tionnaires consistently with questionnaires collected earlier on the same person.A copy of the unpublished tracking version of the Compendium may be obtained from Dr. Barbara Ainsworth.

Many people participated in the identification of specific activities and the modification of existing codes for the updated Compendium of Physical Activities.Although the individuals involved are too nu-merous to mention,we wish to thank a few colleagues and graduate students(listed by their institutional affiliation)for their valuable contributions to the updated Compendium of Physical Activities. The individuals are listed by their institutional affiliation:Jennifer Hootman and Angela Morgan(University of South Carolina),Mark Richardson(University of Alabama),Devra Hendelman and Patty Freedson(University of Massachusetts),Gregory Welk(Iowa State University),Steven Blair(Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research), Vivian Heyward,Lisa Stolarczyk,and Julia Orri(University of New Mexico),and Ava Walker(University of Minnesota).

This work was supported in part by the International Life Sci-ences Institute Center for Health Promotion(ILSI CHP).The use of trade names and commercial sources in this document is for pur-poses of identification only and does not imply endorsement by ILSI CHP.In addition,the views expressed herein are those of the individual authors and/or their organizations and do not necessarily reflect those of ILSI CHP.

Dr.Leon is supported in part by the Henry L.Taylor Professorship in Exercise Science and Health Enhancement.Dr.Ainsworth is supported in part by the NIH Women’s Health Initiative SIP22W-U48/CCU409554–03.Support for the development of the initial Compendium of Physical Activities was provided by grants from the National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute to Drs.Leon and Jacobs (RFA-86–37561),to Dr.Haskell(HL-362–72),to Dr.Montoye(5-R01-HL-37561),and to Dr.James Sallis(RFA-86-HL-9-P).

Address for correspondence:Barbara E.Ainsworth,Ph.D.,MPH, FACSM,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,University of South Carolina,Columbia,SC29208;E-mail:bainsworth@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8913640011.html,.

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