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(完整版)初中英语动词时态和语态讲解

(完整版)初中英语动词时态和语态讲解
(完整版)初中英语动词时态和语态讲解

初中英语动词时态和语态讲解

动词的时态和语态

(一)动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态,但是常用的只有9种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。

1、一般现在时的用法

1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作;表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用often, usually, every day 等时间状语。例如:

a. He goes to school every day.

b. He is very happy.

c.The earth moves around the sun.

2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。例如:

a. If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting.

b. When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside.

3) 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作(句中都带有时间状语),但限于少数动词,如:begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如:

a. The meeting begins at seven.

b. The rain starts at nine in the morning.

4) 表示状态和感觉的动词(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般现在进行时。

a. I like English very much.

b. The story sound very interesting.

5) 书报的标题、小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。

2.一般现在时的用法

1)表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。

a. He saw Mr. Wang yesterday.

b. He worked in a factory in 1986.

2)表示过去经常发生的动作,也可用“used to “ 和“would + 动词原形”。I used to smoke. During the vacation I wouldm in the sea.

注:”used to “ 表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。“would + 动词原形”没有“现在不再……”含义。另外“to be used to +名词(动名词)”表示“习惯于…..”

a. I am used to the climate here.

b. He is used tomming in winter.

3.一般将来时的用法

一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。其表达形式除了“ will 或shall + 动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。

It is going to rain.

We are going to have a meeting today.

2)“be to + 动词原形” 表示按计划进行或征求对方意见。

The boy is to go to school tomorrow.

Are we to go on with this work?

3) “be about to + 动词原形” 表示即将发生的动作,意为be ready to do sth. 后面一般不跟时间状语。We are about to leave.

4) go , come , start, move, sail, leave, arrive ,stay 等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。I’m leaving for Beijing.

5) 某些动词(如come, go ,leave, arrive, start, get , stay 等)的一般现在时也可表示将来。

The meeting starts at five o’clock.

He gets off at the next stop.

4.现在进行时的用法

1)现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作,由“to be + 现在分词” 构成。另外,“系动词+ 介词或副词” 也表示进行时的意义。What are you doing? The bridge is under construction.

2)表示感觉、愿望和状态的某些动词(如have, be , here, se, like 等)一般不用进行。

5.过去进行时的用法

1)过去进行时过去某一时刻、某一阶段正进行的动作,由“ was (were) + 现在分词”构成。

In 1980 he was studying in a university.

He was reading a novel when I came in.

6.现在完成时的用法现在完成时由“have + 过去分词其使用有两种情况:

1)现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成,但对现在有影响。句中没有具体时间状语。

He has gone to Fuzhou.

He has been to Fuzhou.

2) 现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去常用for 和since表示一段时间的状语或so far , now, today, this wek (month, year ) 等表示包括现在内的状语。

He has studied English for 5 years.

He has studied English since 1985.

Now I have finished the work..

注意:表示短暂时间动作的词(如come, go , die, marry, buy 等)的完成时不能与for, since 等表示一般时间的词连用。

3)现在完成进行时还可用时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作。

I’ll go o your home when I hav e finished my homework.

If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go to the park.

7.过去完成时的用法

1)过去完成时由“had + 过去分词”构成。过去完成时的动作表示过去某一时刻或某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。句中常用by, before, until, when 等词引导的时间状语。

By the end of last year we had built five new houses.

I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.

2)过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去。Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.

8.过去将来时的用法

过去将来时表示从过去的某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时由“should 或would + 动词原形” 构成。第一人称用should, 其他人称用would.

They were sure that they would succeed.

9.现在完成进行时的用法现在完成进行时由“ have (has)+ been + 现在分词”构成,表示现在以前一直进行的动作。有些动词(work, study, live, teach 等)用现在完成时与用现在完成时意思差不多。

I have worked here for three years.

I have been working here for three years.

但多数动词在这两种时态表示不同意思

I have been writing a letter.

注意:表示短暂动作的动词(finish, marry, get up, come, go 等)不能用这种时态。

(二)动词语态

1.当句子的主语是动作的执行者时,谓语的形式叫主动语态。句子的主语是动作承受者时,谓语的形式叫被动作语态。被动语态由助动词be + 过去分词构成,时态通过be 表现出来。

1)一般现在时:You are required to do this.

2)一般过去时:The story was told by her.

3)一般将来时:The problem will be discussed tomorrow.

4)现在进行时:The road is being widened.

5)过去进行时:The new tool was being made.

6)现在完成时:The novel has been read.

7)过去完成时:He said that the work had been finished.

8)过去将来时:He said that the trees would be planted soon.

2. 一些特殊的被动结构

1)带情态动词的被动结构:The problem must be solved soon.

2)带不定式的被动结构:The room is going to be painted.

The homework needs to be done with care.

3) 短语动词的被动:

a.(不及物)动词+介词:若这类短语动词是及物性的,则可用于被动语态中,如:laugh at, look after, talk about, think of 等。若这类短语动词是不及物性的则不可用于被动语态中,如:book up, look down. 等

b.(及物)动词+副词:bring about, carry out, find out, make out, put away, put off, take up, turn down, turn out, wipe out等

c. 动词+副词+介词:do away with, face up to, give into ,look down upon, make up with等

d. 动词+名词+介词:catch sight of, keep on eye on, make a fool of , pay attention to , put an end to , set fire/light to , take notice of 等

4) 带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时,一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语,宾语补足语保留在谓语后面。We always keep the classroom clean.

(比较:The classroom is always kept clean.)

5)主动形式表示被动意义的词。常见的有:

a.主动形式,这时动名词同句中的主语有动宾关系。

The children need looking after.

The windows wants /requires repairing.

This point deserves mentioning.

b.有些及物动词后须加副词(如:well, easily等),有些可不加,如:act, clean, cut, draw, lock, open, play, read, sell, shut, strike, wash, write 等。

The cloth washes/ sells well.

The door won’t shut. The play won’t act.

c. 形容词worth后直接加动名词时,如:The book is worth reading twice.

某些作表语的形容词后,用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。

The fish is not fit to eat.

d. 某些感官动词(如:feel, look, prove, smell , sound, taste, wear等)与形容词连用时:The water feels very cold.

The dish tastes delicious.

6) 以下动词构成的句子不能改为被动句:

a. 动词leave, enter, reach 等的宾语是表示处所、地点(国家、团体,组织、军队)等。

b. 表示状态的动词,如:become, benefit, cost, contain, equal, fit, fail, have, lack, last, mean, suit, look like等。

c. 下列不及物动词及短语:appear, belong to , break out, die, happen, lie, occur, rise, take place, agree with, belong to, consist of , have on, keep up with 及一些固定词组,如keep words, lose heart, make a face等。

d. 宾语是反身代词,相互代词,同源代词,不定式,动名词,抽象名词等。

7)汉语有一类句子不出现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如:

据说…… 希望……

据推测说… 必须承认……

必须指出… 众所周知……

有人会说….. 大家认为…..

有人相信……

there be 小结

1. 基本结构:There be +主语+ 地点/时间状语。如:There is a computer in the room. 房间里有一台电脑。There are two TV plays every evening. 每晚有两场电视剧。

2. 主谓一致:要采取就近一致原则,和* 近be的主语一致。如:There is a pen, two rulers in the box. 盒子里有一只钢笔,两把尺子。There are two boys and a teacher at the school gate. 门口有两个男孩,一个老师。

3. 主语后的动词形式:在there be 句型中,主语与动词是主动关系时用现在分词;是被动关系时用过去分词。如:There is a purse lying on the ground. 地上有一个钱包。There are five minutes left now. 现在还有5分钟。

4. 反意疑问句。反意疑问句应与there be对应,而不是依据主语。如:There is a radio on the table, isn't there? 桌子上有一台收音机,是吧?There are more than fifty classes in your school, aren't there? 你们班有50多名学生,是吧?

5. there be 与have的替换:there be表示所属时可与have替换。There is nothing but a book in my bag. =I have nothing but a book in my bag. 包里只有一本书。

6. there be后接不定式时常用主动形式表示被动意义。如:There is a lot of work to do. 有许多工作要做。注意:当该句型主语是something, anything, nothing等不定代词时,后面的不定式用主动形式或被动形式,意义各不同。There is nothing to do. 没有事可做。There is nothing to be done. 没有办法(束手无策)。

7. 与其它词连用,构成复合谓语。如:There may be a rain this afternoon. 今天下午可能有雨。There used to be a cinema here before the war. 战争之前,这儿有一家电影院。

8. 变体there be结构中的be有时可用live, stand, remain等代替。如:Once there lived a king who cared more about new clothes than anything else. 从前有位国王喜欢新服胜过别的任何东西。

9. 习惯用语:There is no good /use (in) doing sth. 做某事没有好处/用处;There is not a moment to lose. 一刻也不能耽误。例如:There is no good making friends with him. 和他交朋友没有什么好处。He is very ill. Send him to hospital. There's not a moment to lose. 他病得厉害,把他送到医院去,一刻也不能耽误。

初中英语动词时态讲解及练习

16种英语时态总结归纳 时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。 英语时态分为16种:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。 1. 一般现在时 用法:A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。 B) 习惯用语。C) 经常性、习惯性动作。 例:He always helps others. (他总是帮助别人。) D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般现在时,则无法保持主句、从句时态一致。 E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词)可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。 例:The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.(下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。) How often does this shuttle bus run? (这班车多久一趟?) F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在(有时也用现在完成时)表示将来事情。 例:When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.(等你完成这份报告的时候,我就已经等了将近3个小时了。) 2. 现在进行时(be doing) 用法:现在正在进行的动作。 3. 现在完成时(have done) 用法: A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。 例:I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses. A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell 答案是C) haven't sold。 B) 表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或for 加一段时间,或by加一个现在时间。 例:Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. A) are to challenge C) have been challenged B) may be challenged D) are challenging 全句的意思是:“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物,但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战,并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物动词,在本句中应当是被动语态;其动作延续到今天,所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是C) have been challenged。A) are to challenge和D) are challenging都是主动语态,不可能是答案。B) may be challenged虽然是被动语态,但意思与全句内容不合,所以不对。 C) 表示发生在过去,但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词,如:arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。 例:John has broken his left leg.(约翰摔断了左腿。) 注意事项 A) 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于:现在完成时强调动作的动态,或受动态的影响,是动态的结果,对现在有影响;过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作,与现在没有联系。

初中英语八大时态语态总复习时态讲解

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(完整版)中考易错题汇编:动词时态和语态

易错题汇编:动词时态与语态 一.The twins, Who their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground. A. will finish B. finish C. have finished D. had finished 【考点】考察时态 【答案】D 【解析】句义:已经完成了他们的家庭作业,这对双胞胎被允许在操场上打羽毛球。根据句义可知他们完成作业是在被允许到操场上打羽毛球之前。而他们被允许打羽毛球已经使用了一般过去时,所以完成作业应该使用过去完成时。故D 正确。 【举一反三】--- Peter, do you know who____ my dictionary ? ---Sorry , I don’t know . I didn’t do it . A. has taken away B. was taking away C. had taken away D. is taking away 【答案】A 试题分析:句意:--皮特,你知道谁把我的字典拿走了吗?--对不起,我不知道,我没有拿。这里拿走发生在过去,强调对现在造成的影响,不知在什么地方,故用现在完成时。 二. ---Hi, let’s go skating. --- Sorry, I’m busy right now. I _______ in an application form for a new job. A. fill B. have filled C. am filling D. will fill 【考点】考察时态 【答案】C 【解析】句意:—喂,我们五滑冰吧!—对不起,我现在很忙,我正在填写一份新的工作申请表。根据句意可知本句是在叙述说话时正在进行,正在发生的事情,所以使用现在进行时。故C正确。

(完整版)初一英语一般现在时态讲解

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初中英语八大时态讲解及练习(全)

概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 基本结构:①be动词; ②行为动词 否定形式:①am/is/are+not; ②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句: ①把be动词放于句首; ②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。 一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如: He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。 It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。(口诀:I用am,you用are,is用于她他它,单数名词用is,复数名词都用are) 二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。如: ①Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。 ②Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。③Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。 三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: ①A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 ②This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that 作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: ①Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。 ②There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。 五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如: ①The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 ②The bread is very small. 那面包很小。 六、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如: ①"6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。 【练习】 一、单选 1 Jenny ____ in an office. Her parents ____in a hospital. A work works B works work C work are working D is working work 2 One of the boys_____ a black hat. A have B there is C there are D has 3 We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow. A don't rain B didn't rain C doesn't rain D isn't rain

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英语时态讲解 1. 一般现在时的应用 (1) 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。常用频度副sometimes, often, always, usually, seldom 以及时间副词 every day / night / week / month / year, in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at night 做状语。如: He often stays up late. 他常熬夜。 We go home every month. 我们每月都要回家。 I watch TV at night. 我晚上看电视。 (2) 表示客观真理或永恒的状态。如: The earth travels round the sun. 地球绕太阳旋转。 Trees turn green in spring. 春天树木变绿。 Liquid turns into gas when it is hot enough. 足够热时,液体变为气体。 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 (3) 现阶段的状态。常跟时间副词now连用。如: He lives in Beijing now. 他现在住在北京。 She is at home. 她在家。 They work in that factory. 他们在那家工厂工作。 (4) 习惯性的爱好或行为。如: I like dancing while she likes singing. 我喜欢跳舞,而她喜欢唱歌。 We get up at six. 我们六点起床。 He studies very hard. 他学习很刻苦。 (5) 表示已经计划、安排好了或时间表上所安排,并且一定要做的事情。用于这种句型的动词主要是瞬间动词:come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open等。如: The train arrives at five past eight and leaves at ten past eight. 火车八点过五分到,八点过十分

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Ⅰ. Choose the best answer (选择) 1. The firemen can't go into the room because the door ________ by someone. A. locks B. was locked C. has locked D. locked 2. When you phoned me yesterday afternoon, I ________ table tennis with my son. A. had played B. played C. was playing D. has played 3. You don't have to go there yourself. I ________ my parents everything about it already. A. will tell B. told C. had told D. have told 4. Lucy ________ ill for two days, so she cannot go to school today. A. has been B.had been C. will be D. is 5. Little Tom ________ while everybody else was listening to the teacher carefully. A. had slept B. will sleep C. slept D. was sleeping 6. Some of the Chinese celebrities(名人) ________ to attend the Oscar Award Ceremony. It was a big event early this year. A. have invited B. were invited C. will invite D. are invited 7. Sam usually ________ his key to his neighbor when he is away from home. A. leaves B. has left C. will leave D. is leaving 8. By the end of last term, we ________ English for four years. A. have learned B. learned C. would learn D. had learned 9. Tornadoes swept across the South America last month. At least 28 people ________. A. killed B. are killed C. were killed D. were killing 10. My uncle will send me some local postcards and stamps after he ________ France. A. reaches B. reached C. will reach D. is reaching Ⅱ. Choose the best answer. Buck did not read the newspapers. He did not know that ____1____ was coming for every big dog in California. Men had found gold in the Y ukon, and these men wanted big, strong dogs to

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一、一般现在时: 概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 基本结构:①be动词; ②行为动词 否定形式:①am/is/are+not; ②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句: ①把be动词放于句首; ②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。 一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如: He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。 It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。(口诀:I用am,you用are,is用于她他它,单数名词用is,复数名词都用are)

二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。如: ①Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。 ②Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。 ③Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。 三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: ①A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 ②This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that 作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: ①Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。 ②There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。 五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如: ①The milk is in the g lass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 ②The bread is very small. 那面包很小。 六、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如: ①"6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。 【练习】

初中英语时态讲解练习

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高考英语动词时态和语态讲解与专项练习题

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1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 例如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。 例如:The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east ofChina. 上海位于中国东部。 3)表示格言或警句。 例如:Pride goes before a fall 骄者必败。 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例如:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 例如:I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。 5)一般现在时表示将来含义。 a. 下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用 来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。 b. 在时间或条件句中。 例如:When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。 I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。

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