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英语词汇学试题(一)参考答案

第一部分选择题

I. （30%）

1. B

2. D

3. A

4. B

5. A

6. D

7. B

8. D

9. D10. B

11. B12. C13. A14. B15. C

第二部分非选择题

II.（10%）

16. stylistic17.monolingual18.semantic opposition

19. degradation 或pejoration20.productivity and collocability

III. （10%）

21. I22. C23. F24. B25. E

26. D27. J28. G29. H30. A

IV.（10%）

31. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature

32. conceptual meaning33. conceptual meaning

34. n+v-ed35. backformation36. n+v37. bound root

38. prefix39. bound root40. inflectional affix/morpheme？

V.（10%）

41. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary which concentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge. （内容1.5分；语言0.5分）

42. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. （内容1.5分；语言0.5分）

43. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.

44. the minimal meaningful unit of a language.？

45. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.

VI.（12%）

46. 要点：

etymology, semantic relatedness, dictionary

47. 要点：

（1）break up an idiom into pieces（2分）

（2）an unusual case of using idioms（1分）

（3）in literature or popular press for special effect（1分）

注：语言扣分不得超过1分（语法扣1分，拼写扣0.5分）

48. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words，it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in

discussion. For example，‘pretty’and ‘handsome’share the conceptual meaning of ‘good looking’，but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with：pretty handsome.

VII. （18%）

49. 答案要点

1）Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.（2分）2）Semantic motivation，one of the four major types of motivation，explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.（3分）

3）In this sentence，‘pen’reminds one of the tool to write with，thus suggesting writing；‘sword’reminds one of the weapon to fight with，thus suggesting war.（4分）

50.要点：

（1）it is ambiguous（2分）

（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（2分）

（3）stop drinking can be understood as:

1）police stop drinking by themselves （1分）

2）police stop people drinking （1分）

（4）improvement（3分）

1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.

2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.

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English Lexicology(英语词汇学) 1.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages.英语词汇学旨在调查和研究英语单词和单词的等价物的形态结构,其语义结构、关系、历史发展、形成和用法。 2.English Lexicology is correlated with such linguistic disciplines as morphology(形态学), semantics(语义学), etymology(词源学),stylistics （文体论）and lexicography(词典学) Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary 1.Word（词的定义）: A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence 词语是语言最小的自由形式，拥有固定的声音和意义以及句法作用。 2.Sound and meaning（声音与意义）: almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself”词语是一个符号，代表着世界上其他的事物。每种世界文化已经赞成一定的读音将代表一定的人，事，地方，特性，过程，行动，当然是在语言系统之外。这种象征性的联系几乎总是主观的，并且“在代表事物和思想的声音和实际的事物和思想之间没有法定关系” 3.Sound and form（读音和形式）:不统一的四个原因（1）the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each other内因是因为英语字母表采用罗马字母，罗马字母没有独立的字母代表每个读音，因此一些字母代表两个读音或者组合在一起发音。

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全国自考英语《综合英语一》历年真题详解 2015年全国自考《综合英语（一）》真题及详解 课程代码：00794 选择题部分 I. 语法和词汇填空。阅读下面的句子，从A、B、C和D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项的字母涂黑。（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20） 1. Down about two hundred yards _____ three logs right across the stream. A. is B. are C. have D. has 【答案】B查看答案 【解析】句意：沿着溪流对面向下二百码的地方，有三根木头。方位副词down 位于句首，句子全部倒装，谓语动词与主语three logs保持一致，用复数形式。B项符合题意，故选B项。 2. She has always enjoyed reading newspapers, magazines and books, all of _____ have been of great help to her in television reporting. A. that B. them

D. which 【答案】D查看答案 【解析】句意：她一直都很喜欢阅读报纸、杂志和书籍，这些对她在电视上的报道有很大的帮助。两个句子都有谓语动词，且用逗号隔开，故为非限定性定语从句，只能用关系代词which引导。D项符合题意，故选D项。 3. The reason _____ his being late was that the flight he took had been delayed. A. of B. in C. for D. with 【答案】C查看答案 【解析】句意：他迟到的原因是航班延误了。the reason for 为固定搭配，表示“……的原因”。C项符合题意，故选C项。 4. Keep trying, and you’ll figure it out. You know _____ they say: if at first you don’t succeed, try, try again. A. why B. what C. how