过去分词作宾补用法归纳
过去分词作宾补用法归纳
英语中过去分词可作宾补，（此时的过去分词一般是及物动词）表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：
She found the door broken in when she came back.(宾补与宾语有被动的关系，表一种状态。)
一．?过去分词用在表状态的动词keep,leave等的后面。
Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(谚语：少说多看）
Don't leave such an important thing undone.
Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.
二．过分词用在get,have,make, 的后面。
1.注意“have +宾语+过去分词”的两种情况：
A）表"让某人做某事/让某事（被人）做"
eg: I have had my bike repaired.
The villagers had many trees planted just then.
B)表"遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受....影响，蒙受..... 损失"
Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.
The old man had his leg broken in the accident.
He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)
2."make+宾语+过去分词",在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如：
They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.
I raised my voice to make myself heard.
三、过去分词用在感观动词watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如
When we got to school,we saw the door locked.
We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.
He felt himself cheated.
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000)
四、过去分词用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”这一类动词后面做宾补。如
The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.
I would like my house painted white.
I want the suit made to his own measure.
I wish the problem settled.
五、过去分词用在“with +宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如：The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.
With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building ,his house looks like a beautiful garden. With everything well arranged,he left the office.
六、过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。
现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。其动作与谓语动作同时进行。
过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。其动作先于谓语动作。
不定式作宾补：表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。eg:He didn't notice me waiting.
I heard the song sung in English.
I saw him opening the window.
I saw the window opened.
I saw him open the window.
I heard her sing the song in English.
专项训练1：
poor at English, I'm afraid I can't make myself ___.
be;understand 'm ;to understand ;understanding ;understood
have had my bike ___ ,and I'm going to have somebody ___ my radio tomorrow.
;to repair ;to be repaired ;repair repair;repairing
must get the work ___ before Friday.
do
the room,the nurse found the tape-recorder ___.
;stealing ;gone have entered; being stolen entered;to be stolen
are pleased to see the problem ___ so quickly.
been settled settled
. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong again.(上海1999）
repaired be repaired
is wise to have some money ___ for old age.(NMET1996)
away up away up (put away 放好, 储存...备用, 处理掉, 放弃, 抛弃)
don't want the children ___ out in such weather.
take
'm afraid that I can't make myself ___ be cause of my poor English.
understand
murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back.
tied tied be tied (表动作完成）
专项训练2：
found her greatly ___.
help disturbed
got her bad tooth ___ at the dentist's.
put in out out out
____ ,the museum will be open to the public next year.(上海2002)
completed be completed
a lot of difficulties ___ ,they went to the seashore and had a good rest.
settle settled
research is so designed that once ___ nothing can be done to change it.(NMET2002) begun ( once begun 在句中作状语，begin为及物动词:“着手”）
,they went home,___.
work had been finished;singing and laughing
had finished their work;sang and laughed
work finished ;singing and laughing
their work finished;singing and laughing
he came to London,he had never heard a single English word ___
speak
more attention,the trees could have grown better.
give given
from space,the earth with water ___70％of its surface looks like a "blue blanket". ;covered seen;covers ;covering ;covering
,the experiment will be successful.
carefully doing it done carefully carefully done doing carefully
girl wrote a composition without ___.
asked be asked
finished his homework and then went on ___me.
help helping help
to go ,he asked a policeman.
lost his way and not knowing
his way and didn't know
lost his way and didn't know
his way and didn't know
her friend was badly hurt,she burst into tears.
heard hear
his team had won, his face lit up at once.
knowing knowing he knew
专项训练3：
hurried back home only to find their house ___ into.
break
he came to,he found himself ___ on a chair, with his hands ___ back.
sit;tied ;tying ;tied ;tied
do not feel ___ to enter modern buildings;everything about them seems unfriendly.
invite be invited
(feel后加形容词，此处的invited 表主语we 的感受)
'm going to have my letters ____ tomorrow if I've got them ready by then. type
great culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty ___ in art and literature. express expressed be expressed
答案：
专项训练1：1-10 DCDBA CACDD
专项训练2：:1-15 BBAAD DDADC CDDAD
专项训练3：:1-5 CDACA
过去分词用法
过去分词在句中不可以作谓语，它相当于形容词和副词，在句中可作表语、宾语、状语、补足语等。 过去分词作表语 Never touch an electric wire when it is broken He is gone You are mistaken 过去分词作定语 The child gave a cry and with outstretched arms ran forward 那孩子叫了一声，伸开双臂向前跑去 Her job was to take care of the wounded solder ? 用作宾语的过去分词多用于表示已完成的动作，但是有时它所表示的动作却尚未完成或有待于将来完成 The workers demand increased wages 工人们要求加薪 过去分词用作定语亦可放在其所修饰的名词后面，其常具有暂时性，其动词的性质较强。 He wants his eggs fired (尚未炸好的。Fried eggs 则译为炸好的鸡蛋带有永久性） He himself took all the letters written to the post 他亲自将写好的信付邮（written = that he had written , written letter 则译为书写的信，非打字的信件） 过去分词短语用作定语时，一般皆置于所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句 The ship battered by the storm crept into the harbour 被暴风雨击打的那只船慢慢的驶入港口 过去分词短语亦可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号 Some of them , born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train 他们中有些生长在农村，从为见过火车。 过去分词作这状语 过去分词从表面意义角度也可以用作状语表时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况。 Heated , the metal expand (表时间） Born and bred in the countryside,he was bewildered by the big city 他们生长在乡下，对这大城市感到迷惑（表原因) Mocked by everyone ,he had my sympathy(表让步）、 The lichens came borne by storms这地衣是由暴风雨带来的（表伴随） Seed catalogues are comprehensive , lavishly illustrated in colour 种子的目录册很全，用彩图表示的（表方式） 过去分词用作补语 用作宾语补语，其前的谓语动词多是感官动词和使役动词 He heard chain and bolts with drawn 他听见门上的链和栓被拉开了 She found the house renovated她发现房子已经修过了
最新过去分词作状语的用法归纳
过去分词作状语 一．过去分词作状语的基本用法： 过去分词作状语主要是说明谓语动作发生的背景或条件；表示原因、时间、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。过去分词可置于主句前，也可置于主句后，用逗号与主句隔开。 1. 原因状语 Choked by the heavy smoke, he could hardly breathe. 他被浓烟呛了，几乎不能呼吸了。 Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。Frightened by the n oise in the night, the girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room. 受到夜晚响声的惊吓，那姑娘不敢睡在她的房间。 2. 时间状语 Left to itself in the room, the baby began to cry.当被孤独地留在房间里时，婴儿哭了起来。 Asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 当被问及这件事时，班长说这是他的职责。 Approached in the dark, the lights looked lonely and purposeless. 在黑暗中走近时。那些电灯显得孤单而无意义。 3. 条件状语 Seen in this aspect, the matter isn’t as serious as people generally suppose. 如果从这个角度看，问题并不像人们一般预料的那样`严重。 Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 Given better attention, the accident could have been avoided. 要是多加注意，那次事故就能避免了。 Watered more, these cabbages could have grown better. 如果多浇点水，这些大白菜还可以长的得更好。 Compared with you, we still have a long way to go. 和你相比，我们还有很大的差距。 4. 方式或伴随状语 Surrounded by his students, the professor sat there cheerfully. 那位教授在学生的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。 He stood there silently, moved to tears. 他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 那位老人在妻子的搀扶下,走进了房间。 5. 让步状语 Beaten by the police and sent to jail, Gandi created the principle of nonviolent resistance. 尽管受警察的殴打，被投入监狱，甘地却首创了非暴力抵抗的原则。Defeated again, he didn’t lose heart. 尽管再次被击败，但他没有灰心。
过去分词作宾语补足语 学案
过去分词作宾语补足语 概念引入 上个单元我们学习了过去分词作表语和定语的用法。现在我们继续学习过去分词作宾语补足语。看这些句子： 1. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. 2. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful government. 3. You find most of the population settled in the south. 4. They found the window broken. 5. ..., so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line. 这些句子中的黑体部分都是过去分词作宾语补足语。 用法讲解 宾语补足语是同学们学习英语的一个小难点，许多同学都弄不清到底什么是宾语补足语，它的作用是什么，所以我们今天就从宾语补足语讲起，重点讲解过去分词作宾语补足语的内容。 什么是宾语补足语 英语中一些动词除需要一个宾语外，还需有宾语补足语句子意义才完整，这样就构成了英语的六种基本句型（见【补充】）中的“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型。宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。可作补足语的结构有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、过去分词、不定式等。宾语和其宾语补足语也被称为复合结构。 1. 作补足语的词语： 1）We consider him (to be) a good teacher. 我们认为他是一个好老师。 （名词短语作宾语补足语，相当于省略了to be） 2）I find learning English difficult. 我发现学英语很难。 （形容词作宾语补足语） 3）I saw the kite up and down. 我看见风筝飞上飞下。 （副词作宾语补足语） 4）When he woke up, he found himself in a strange place. 他醒来时发现自己在一个陌生的地方。 （介词短语作宾语补足语） 5）Tom made the girl cry. 汤姆把女孩弄哭了。 (省略不定式符号to的动词不定式） 6）The father found his son playing in his room. 父亲发现儿子在房间里玩。 （动词-ing形式做宾语补足语） 7）The soft music makes us relaxed. 这首柔美的音乐使我们放松了。 （过去分词作宾语补足语） 【补充】英语的六种基本句型： 英语的最基本的句型有6种，其他的句子都是由这6种句型转换来的。
分词作宾语补足语
分词 分词作宾语补足语。 1．现在分词和过去分词都可以作宾语补足语。 在5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3使（make, let, have）；2听（listen to, hear）；1感觉（fell）。，此外find, catch, keep, have .I heard a girl crying next door. I heard someone knocking at the door. He kept me waiting for a long time. I saw Tom entering the room. I found my key lost. I found the boy beaten black and blue. He made himself understood. John will get his room painted. Exercises1: 1) I heard my name ________________ ( call). 2) His voice was too low to make himself ________________(hear) . 3) We found the eggs_________________( eat) by the snake. 4) You’d better have/get your hair ______________ ( cut). 5) I had my left arm________________(break) yesterday. ExercisesII: 141. She was glad to see her child well __________. A. take care of B. taken care of C. taken care D. taking care of 142. Why do you stand and watch the milk __________. A. boiling B. boiled C. from boiling D. having been boiled 143. I’ve heard him __________ about you often. A. spoke B. speaking C. speak D. to speak 144. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word __________. A. speaking B. spoken C. speak D. being spoken 145. Walking along the river, we heard someone __________ for help. A. shouting B. shout C. shouted D. having shouted 146. I held the little bird in my hand and felt its heart __________. A. jumping B. beating C. bumping D. knocking 147. ---“Do you smell anything unusual?” ---“Yes. I can smell something __________.” A. burning B. is burning C. having burnt D. burn 148. Why do you have the water __________ all the time? A. ran B. to be running C. running D. being running 149. Ellen was absent this morning because she had her tooth __________. A. filling B. having been filled C. filled D. full 150. I can’t ______ you running up and down all day long. A. permit B. let C. have D. allow 151. Is there anything you want from town? I’m going to get __________. A. those letters mailed B. mailed letters C. to mailed those letters D. those letters mail 152. The teacher got the students __________ all the words they didn’t know. A. looked up B. looking in C. to look up D. look at 153. What did the school master want __________ to the noisy children? A. doing B. to do C. done D. did
过去分词用法归纳
过去分词用法归纳-标准化文件发布号：（9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII
过去分词用法归纳 Mar 7, 2011 过去分词主要表示被动，可表示发生在过去，所以叫过去分词。也可以无时间概念，只表示被动。过去分词用法：状语、定语、补语、表语。 一．状语 情况 1：表“被动”的状语从句可简化成过去分词做状语。表示条件、时间、让步的连词可保留，如if, when, although。表原因的不保留，如because 等。 1) He won’t go to the party tomorrow, if he is not invited. He won’t go to the party, if not invited. 2) When she was asked about her age, she kept silent. When asked about her age, she kept silent. 3) Once it is formed, a bad habit is hard to kick. Once formed, a bad habit is hard to kick. 进一步练习: 1) If it is seen from the mountain, the city looks more beautiful. Seen from the mountain, the city looks more beautiful. 2) If it is heated to 100 degrees Centigrade, water boils. Heated to 100 degrees Centigrade, water boils. 3) The problems, if they are not solved properly, will seriously affect the relations of nations. The problems, if not solved properly, will seriously affect the relations of nations. 4) Although he was warned of the danger, the boy still went skating on the ice. 2
过去分词作宾补
Grammar Unit2 过去分词作宾补 过去分词作宾补用法归纳 英语中过去分词可作宾补，即：过去分词放在宾语（名词或代词）后面作补语，构成复合宾语，（此时的过去分词一般是及物动词）表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。 1）表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe, find, hear, feel, notice, 等。 ①We saw the thief caught by the police. ②People found the water polluted. ③Have you heard a pop song sung in English? ④I heard my name called. ⑤The rich man felt himself cheated. ⑥We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops. 我们可以听到大雨敲打窗户的声音。 ⑦I observed all the rooms broken into. 注意：see, hear, watch, notice 等动词后既可以加v-ing 也可以用do（不带to的不定式）,还可以跟done，但三者之间有区别: 用v-ing 表示动作正在发生,即发生的过程还没有结束; 用do强调动作发生的全过程，即动作全过程结束了,用done 表示宾语与宾补之间时被动的关系 ①I saw her come into the classroom.我看到他进了教室。 ②I saw her coming into the classroom.我看他正在走进教室。 ③I saw her taken out of the classroom.我看到她被带出了教室。 2）表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get等。 如：make sth. done:让……被…… make oneself done. 让某人自己被…….或( 让别人……) get sth. done have sth. done 温馨提示： 让某人做某事:have sb. do sth./ get sb. to do sth. ①We have made our views known to them.我们已经使他们知道了我们 的观点。 ②As he knows very little English, he finds it difficult to make himself understood. ③I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 ④He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。 ⑤They managed to make themselves understood using very simple English. ⑥we will make ourselves understood in one day.
过去分词做宾补
过去分词做宾补常见结构归纳 宁夏银川九中肖克义 ( 电话：5046761 邮编：750001 Email: bernard3711@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8c12968955.html,) 一、在make, get, have, keep等表示“致使”意义的动词中： 1、“have”+ 宾语+ -ed 分词有三种情况 (1)We had the engine repaired. 我们已经把发动机修理了。（表示完成一件事情，不一定自己 亲自动手做，也许请别人做）。 (2)He had his leg broken when he was climbing the tree. 当他爬树的时候把腿伤了。（表示 “遭受”，并非有意去做）。 (3)He had his wallet stolen. 他的钱包被偷。（表示“遭受经济损失”，不由自主，自己是 受害者。） 2、“make”+ 宾语+-ed分词 The news made me disappointed. 这个消息使我失望。 What made them so frightened? 是什么使他们如此害怕？ She managed to make herself understood in English. 她讲英语设法让别人明白她的意思。 They are determined to make their voice heard. 他们决心让别人听见他们的声音。 Y ou’ve made her embarrassed with your question. 你的问题使她很尴尬。 Let’s make it known to all that there must be less empty talk and more hard work. 我们要让大家知道：少空谈，多勤奋。 This has made them interested in Marxism. 这已经使他们对马克思主义产生兴趣。 Y ou should make your views known. 你应该让大家知道你的观点。 Y ou must make yourself respected. 你必须树立自己的尊严。 3、“get”+ 宾语+-ed分词 She got her tooth pulled out. 她把自己的一颗牙拔掉了。 Nowadays we got women trained as truck drivers. 现在我们培训女士当卡车司机。 The nurse hurriedly got the children dressed. 护士匆匆忙忙给孩子们穿上了衣服。 It was so cold that the driver couldn’t get the car started. 天气太冷了，以至于司机无法将车子启动。 4、“keep”+ 宾语+-ed分词 Please keep us informed of the latest development. 请随时将最新进展告知我们。 He kept his eyes shut and stayed where he was.
过去分词做宾补常见结构归纳
过去分词做宾补常见结构归纳 一、在make, get, have, keep等表示“致使”意义的动词中： 1、“have”+ 宾语+ -ed 分词有三种情况 (1)We had the engine repaired. 我们已经把发动机修理了。（表示完成一件事情，不一定自己 亲自动手做，也许请别人做）。 (2)He had his leg broken when he was climbing the tree. 当他爬树的时候把腿伤了。（表示 “遭受”，并非有意去做）。 (3)He had his wallet stolen. 他的钱包被偷。（表示“遭受经济损失”，不由自主，自己是 受害者。） 2、“make”+ 宾语+-ed分词 The news made me disappointed. 这个消息使我失望。 What made them so frightened? 是什么使他们如此害怕？ She managed to make herself understood in English. 她讲英语设法让别人明白她的意思。 They are determined to make their voice heard. 他们决心让别人听见他们的声音。 You’ve made her embarrassed with your question. 你的问题使她很尴尬。 Let’s make it known to all that there must be less empty talk and more hard work. 我们要让大家知道：少空谈，多勤奋。 This has made them interested in Marxism. 这已经使他们对马克思主义产生兴趣。 You should make your views known. 你应该让大家知道你的观点。 You must make yourself respected. 你必须树立自己的尊严。 3、“get”+ 宾语+-ed分词 She got her tooth pulled out. 她把自己的一颗牙拔掉了。 Nowadays we got women trained as truck drivers. 现在我们培训女士当卡车司机。 The nurse hurriedly got the children dressed. 护士匆匆忙忙给孩子们穿上了衣服。 It was so cold that the driver couldn’t get the car started. 天气太冷了，以至于司机无法将车子启动。 4、“keep”+ 宾语+-ed分词 Please keep us informed of the latest development. 请随时将最新进展告知我们。 He kept his eyes shut and stayed where he was. 他闭上眼睛，呆在原来的地方。 And she keeps the food locked up. 她将食品锁了起来。
with结构做宾补用法
With 结构（with+宾语+宾补）宾补可以是：过去分词，现在分词，不定式，副词，adj.，介词短语 可以做定语，伴随状语，原因状语，结果状语等等。 1. 1) With his key lost, he couldn’t get into his house.(钥匙丢了, 他进不了家门. ) 2) With his hair cut, Father looks much younger. (理了发,父亲看上去年轻多了.) 3) He sat there with his eyes closed. (他闭目坐在那儿。) 4) All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. (整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。) 5) The meeting ended with all the problems settled. (问题解决了,会散了.) 2. 1) With the teacher standing beside, the girl felt a bit uneasy. (老师站在一旁,女孩子感到有点不自在.) 2) She was chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her． (她在跟朋友闲聊，孩子在旁边玩。) 3) He felt uneasy with the whole class staring at him. (他感到很不安，因为所有的同学都盯着他。) 4) The boy lay on the grass, with his eyes looking into the sky. (小男孩躺在草地上，两眼望着天空。) 5) With night coming on, we started for home. 夜幕降临，我们动身回家。 6) I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. (因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。) 7) He fell asleep with the lamp burning. (他没熄灯就睡着了。) 3.1) I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. (要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。) 2) With so many people to help us, we are sure to finish the work in time.
get+过去分词用法详解
“be +过去分词”能构成被动结构，其实在现代英语口语或非正式文体中还常用另一种被动结构“get + 过去分词”。和“be + 过去分词”一样，“get + 过去分词”也能用于被动结构和系表结构，用于被动结构时，它强调动作的发生；用于系表结构时，它强调状态的变化。其用法及两者的区别从以下两个方面分述如下： 一、get被用来代替助动词be和过去分词连用，构成被动结构，表示某一事件或事故的发生，着重强调动作。 1．常见于以下两种情况： ①谈论某人或某物的客观遭遇，往往表示一种突然的、未曾料到的偶发事件或事故，如：Some glasses got broken when we were moving. 我们搬家的时候有些玻璃杯被打碎了。He got killed when he was crossing the road. 过马路时他被车撞死了。 ②谈论设法做到自己称心的事。当主语是人时，常可在get和过去分词之间插入一个反身代词，表示主语对动作的结果负有一定的责任，此时既含有被动意义，同时又含有主动意义，如： Our car gets cleaned about once every two months. 我们的车每两个月大约清洗一次。She got (herself) paid before she went on a holiday. 她在休假前（设法）领到了工资。 2．“get + 过去分词”与“be + 过去分词”在构成被动结构时的区别： ①前者多用于口语和非正式文体，而后者则可用于更多的场合。 ②前者侧重表示动作，而后者既可表动作又可表状态，有时有歧义，如： The chair got broken yesterday. 昨天这把椅子被弄坏了。（表动作） The chair was broken yesterday. 昨天这把椅子被弄坏了。（表动作）或??昨天这把椅子是坏的。（表状态） ③前者偶尔带表示动作执行者的by短语，而后者则有时带有时不带，如： My brother got hit by a stone. 我哥哥被一块石头击中了。 She got caught by the police. 她让警察给抓住了。 ④前者在表示强调，否定和疑问时需借助助动词do/does/did，而后者则不需，如： He didn’t get beaten yesterday evening. 他昨天晚上没挨打。 Did your letter get answered ? 你收到回信了吗？ ⑤前者有时既可表示被动意义，又可表示主动意义；后者则只表示单纯的被动意义，如： I got (myself) invited to lots of parties last holidays. 上次休假期间，我（设法）让人邀请参加了许多社交聚会。 I was invited to lots of parties last holidays. 上次休假期间，我应邀参加了许多社交聚会。 ⑥与助动词be相比，和get连用的过去分词仅限于少数，其中多数含有“不顺利；不愉快”之意，如： He got taught a lesson. 他被教训了一顿。 I got rained on as I was coming to work. 我来上班时遭到淋雨。 二、get作始动性连系动词，与多数都已形容词化了的过去分词连用，构成系表结构，表示状 的变化（即动作的结果），其中get表示一种状态向另一种状态过渡、变化的动作，其含义等于become； begin to be或come to be，如 1．常见于以下五种情况： ①表示使自己进入或变为某种状态，如： We don’t want any of you to get lost. 我们不想你们当中任何人迷路。
过去分词用法详解
过去分词的用法 一、构成：规则动词的过去分词是有动词原形+ed构成的，不规则动词则有各自构成。 二、基本特点：过去分词在句子中的基本用法有两点：1.与逻辑主语之间是被动关系 2.表示完成的动作 三、过去分词的用法： 1.作表语：过去分词作表语时，一般同时具备被动与完成的含义 例如：（1）The cup is broken.（2）He is retired. （3）After running,he is tired. 【注意】过去分词作表语时，已经变成形容词性质，主要表示主语的状态（被动完成）,而被动语态则表示动作. 例如：(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) （2）The cup is now broken. 茶杯碎了.(过去分词作表语,表示状态) 【注意】有些动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,表示“感到……” 用-ing 形式来修饰物，表示“令人……” 例如：The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 2.做定语 作定语用的过去分词其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成. 1）单一过去分词作定语,常置于其所修饰的名词之前，称作前置定语。 例如：We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2）过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句,称作后置定语。 例如：The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3）过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. 例如：The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 4）用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以修饰与人有关的表情，面貌，举止行为以及感觉等，这时不能用v-ing形式例如：The boy looked up with a pleased expression. His satisfied look showed that he had passed this exam. 3.作状语 作状语的过去分词在句子中多表示被动和完成两重含义。 1）时间状语：A.当和谓语动词动作同时发生时，一般仅表示被动,可以用when从句代替。 例如：Faced with difficulties,we shouldn’t withdraw for any excuse. B.当表示动作发生在谓语动词之前时，通常既表被动又表完成，可用after从句代替，也可用现在分词的被动完成形式代替。 例如：Caught by the police,the thief lay on the ground,crying and shouting. 2）原因状语：过去分词所表示的动作多有被动和完成两重含义。 例如：Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好. Welcomed by all the students,we expressed own true thanks to them.被全体同学欢迎，我们表达真挚的感激【注意】有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦). 等，这种结构可以改写成一个because引导的主系表结构句子。 例如：Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音. Tired of the noise,he decided to move to the country.因厌倦了噪音，他决定搬到农村去。 Dressed in an orange dress,she looked more beautiful than before.穿上橘红色连衣裙，她看起来比以前更美3）条件状语：作条件状语时，一般只表被动含义。相当于if引导的条件状语从句。 例如：Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快. 4）伴随情况：表示伴随谓语动词发生的另外动作，位于主语之后，用逗号隔开，可以同时表示被动与完成， 例如：The mother ran across the street,followed by her little son. 5）结果状语：表示发生在谓语动词后的动作，位于主句后用都逗号分开，也可以同时表示被动与完成。 例如：He listened to the hero’s story,moved to tears. 【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语. 例如：When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.
过去分词的用法
过去分词的用法 1. 分词的定义 动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。 2. 过去分词的语法作用 过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 3. 过去分词作表语 1)过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如： Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。 He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。 2)及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动， 又表示完成。 The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。 3)不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作 的完成。 He is retired. 他已退休。 4)过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动 语态则表示动作。 The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。(是被动语态,表示动作) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了。(过去分词作表语) 4. 过去分词作定语 1)单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。 The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。 =The people who were excited rushed into the building. 2)过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。 The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。 =The suggestion that was made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 3)过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。 The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.
过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾补 1. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. 2. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdo m by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful government. 3. You find most of the population settled in the south. 4. They found the window broken. 5. ..., so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line. 1. 及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语在逻辑上常存在着被动关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象，表示被动意义或已完成意义，有时候两者兼而有之。补语表示宾语的动作、行为、状态、特性、身份等。 如：I heard my name called. 我听见有人叫我的名字。 When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 当我打开门时，我发现地面已被落叶所掩盖。 2. 不及物动词用作宾语补足语时，与宾语没有逻辑上的动宾关系，只表示动作的完成或状态。如： When I returned there, I found the bag gone. 当我返回那儿时，我发现包不见了。 They found all the guests gone when they woke up. 当他们醒来时，发现所有的客人都走了。 3. 过去分词常在下列情况下用作宾语补足语： (1) 在感观动词consider, feel, find, hear, listen to, notice, see, think, watch等后。 如：The tourists found the chairs occupied.旅行者们发现椅子有人坐了。He felt himself seized by a strong arm from behind. 他感到后面有一只强有力的手把他抓住了。 注：一些感官动词后可跟不带to的动词不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语，现在分词表示动作正在进行，不定式表示一个动作的全过程。如： When I came in, I found him lying in bed. 我进来时发现他躺在床上。 I saw him enter the house and go upstairs. 我看见他进了屋子上楼了。 (2) 表示思维活动的动词如consider, know, think等后。 如：I consider the matter settled. 我认为这件事解决了。 I thought myself wronged somehow in the bargain. 我认为自己在这场交易中有些受了愚弄了。 (3) 表示“爱憎、意愿；希望、要求、命令”的动词expect, hate, like, order, want, wish 等后。 如：Would you like it wrapped in brown paper, sir, or in white? 先生，你喜欢把它用棕色的还是白色的纸包上? I wanted two tickets reserved. 我要预定两张机票。 He didn’t wish it mentioned. 他不愿这事被提起。 (4) 表示“致使”或“保持（某状态）”的动词如get, have, keep, leave, make等后。 如：He got the watch repaired. 他请人把表修好了。 His new duties kept him occupied. 他的新职务使他无暇抽身。