高中英语人教版必修四教学案：Unit 4 Section 3 含答案

[语法初识]

原句感知自主探究①．．．I saw several young people enter the waiting

area looking around curiously．

②I stood for a minute watching them and then went to

greet them．

③She stepped back appearing surprised．．．

④Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada．

⑤When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door．．．

⑥Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving away．

⑦The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished．

⑧Hearing the news, they immediately set off．

⑨Having written a letter, I listened to music for a while．(1)动词-ing形式在句中可作伴随状语(句①、②、③、④、⑤)，时间状语(句⑥)，结果状语(句⑦)，原因状语(句⑧、

⑨)。

(2)若动词-ing短语为一般式，表示动作与谓语动词同时发生(句⑧)；若动词-ing短语为完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动词之前(句⑨)。

(3)动词-ing形式的逻辑主语都是句子的主语(句①～⑨)。

[语法剖析]

语法点一现在分词作状语的用法

因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。

1．作时间状语

现在分词作时间状语时，常放在句首，相当于一个时间状语从句。

Hearing the noise, I turned round．

＝When I heard the noise, I turned round．

听到响声我转过身去。

2．作原因状语

现在分词作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句，也可以放在句首。

Being poor, he couldn't afford a TV set．

＝Because he was poor, he couldn't afford a TV set．

由于贫穷，他买不起一台电视机。

3．作条件状语

现在分词作条件状语时，相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。

Working hard, you'll certainly succeed．

＝If you work hard, you'll certainly succeed．

只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的。

4．作结果状语

现在分词作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。

The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage．

大火持续了一整夜，造成了巨大损失。

[点津]现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。试比较：

He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch cold．

被雨淋后他感冒了。

I hurried to school, only to find it was Sunday．

我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。

5．作让步、方式和伴随状语

现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。

Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book．

＝Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book．

玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。

即时演练1

1－1．用现在分词作状语改写下列句子

①When she turned around, she saw a car driving up．

→Turningaround , she saw a car driving up．

②They stood there and waited for the bus．

→They stood there, waitingfor the bus．

③As he was ill, he couldn't attend the meeting．

→Beingill,_he couldn't attend the meeting．

1－2．完成句子

④(湖南高考改编)There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, staring_at_the_night_sky (凝视着夜空)．

⑤Being_too_old (因为年老), he couldn't take a plane．

1

现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having done)。

(1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式。

Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine．

我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)

(2)当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。

Having finished the letter, he went to post it．

他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)

即时演练2

用所给动词的适当形式填空

①Seeing_(see) nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note．

②Having_suffered (suffer) such heavy pollution, it may now be too late to clean up the river．

③Having_lived (live) in Beijing for years, I almost know every place quite well．

④(江西高考改编)Having_spent (spend) nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at

a hotel．

2．现在分词的语态

使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句

子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。

Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy．(现在分词的被动式)

被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。

Having finished his homework, he went to bed．(现在分词的主动式)

完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。

即时演练3

3－1．用所给动词的适当形式填空

①Being_talked (talk) to, you should look into the eyes of the person．

②Having_been_told (tell) for several times, he still couldn't understand the rules．

③Hearing (hear) the bad news, she didn't know what to do．

3－2．单句改错

④(重庆高考改编)Being asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film．

Being_asked→Having_been_asked

3．动词-ing形式的否定式：not ＋v．-ing; not having ＋v．-ed

Not knowing this, he didn't come．

他不知道这件事，所以没来。

Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting．

因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。

4．独立主格

动词-ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。

All the students having sat down, the lecture began．

所有学生坐好之后，讲座开始了。

The new year coming, we were happy．

新年来了，我们很高兴。

The regulation permitting, I will go with you．

制度允许的话，我就和你去。

即时演练4

4－1．用现在分词的独立主格结构改写下列句子

①If weather permits, we shall go there on foot．

→Weatherpermitting,_we shall go there on foot．

②After Mary came back, they discussed it together．

→Marycomingback,_they discussed it together．

4－2．完成句子

③(江苏高考改编)The_lecture_having_been_given (讲座结束后), a lively

question-and-answer session followed．

④Spring_coming_on (春天来了), the trees turned green．

5．现在分词作评注性状语

有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally speaking “一般来说”，judging by/from ．．．“从……判断”，taking everything into consideration “从全盘考虑”。

Judging from his behaviour, he must be mad．

从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。

Generally speaking, girls are more interested in literature than boys．

一般来说，女孩比男孩对文学更感兴趣。

[链接高考]

用所给动词的适当形式填空

1．(2016·北京高考)Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, turning (turn) the old town into a dreamland．

2．(2016·天津高考)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making (make) air conditioning unnecessary．

3．(2015·天津高考)Having_worked (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule．

4．(2015·重庆高考)Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way using (use) the sun and the stars．

5．(2015·湖北高考)Looking (look) at the beef being cooked on the stove, the mother pictured the whole family having meals together．

6．(2015·湖南高考)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, wondering (wonder) whether to stay or leave．

7．(2014·福建高考)Having_spent (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age．

[针对演练]

Ⅰ．用所给动词的适当形式填空

1．Pressed from his parents, and realizing (realize) that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games．

2．Disappearing (disappear) from view day by day, the singer is turning to his memories for comfort．

3．Gathering (gather) around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people．

4．More highways have been built in China, making (make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another．

5．Not_having_completed (complete) the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks．

6．Judging (judge) from the appearance, it is very peaceful, but in fact, a war will break out soon．

7．The decision having_been_made (make), what is to be done now is how to carry it out．8．Tasting_ (taste) good and sweet, this kind of pear was soon sold out in the market．

9．He sat in a chair under the shade of the tree, reading (read) a novel．

10．The old man, having_worked (work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland．

Ⅱ．完成句子

1．The students walked on the street, talking_and_laughing．

学生们走在街上，又说又笑。

2．Hearing_the_news,_he couldn't help laughing．

一听到那个消息，他禁不住大笑起来。

3．Having_worked_hard_for_many_years,_he finally achieved his dream．

努力工作了很多年后，他终于实现了梦想。

4．The child slipped and fell, hitting_his_head_against_the_door．

那男孩滑了一跤，头撞到了门上。

5．Having_been_told_many_times,_he still didn't learn these rules by heart．

尽管被告知了很多次，他还是没把这些规定记下来。

Ⅲ．短文改错

Dear classmates，

I think it was very necessary for us to talk about friendship at the meeting today．As a member of society, we need friend and friendship．Healthy friendship may help people get on well and benefit one another．On contrary, unhealthy friendship may bring up bad things．For example, some so-called friends often smoke or drinking together．They never point out of each other's mistakes．So deeds are against school rules．In fact, they are doing harms to their friends．In mine opinion, friends should help each other．Additional, we should encourage each other so that we may learn well and achieve great success．

答案：第一句：was→is或去掉was

第二句：friend→friends

第四句：On后加the; up→about或去掉up

第五句：drinking→drink

第六句：去掉of

第七句：So→Such

第八句：harms→harm

第九句：mine→my

第十句：Additional→Additionally

高中英语人教版必修三单词表

高中英语人教版必修三单词表． 必修3 Unit 1 1、发生 2、美；美人 收获；收割3、庆祝；祝贺4、狩猎者；猎人、5(使)饿死；饿得要死、6起源；由来；起因7、8、宗教上的;信奉宗教的;虔诚的 9、季节的；季节性的 10、祖先；祖宗 11、（日本）盂兰盆节 坟墓；墓地12、熏香；熏香的烟13、14、纪念；追念 15、墨西哥（拉丁美洲国家） 16、节日；盛宴 17、头脑；头骨 18、骨；骨头 19、万圣节前夕；诸圣日前夕

信任；信心；信仰20、 21、盛装；打扮；装饰 欺骗；诈骗;窍门诡计;恶作剧22、23、搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑 诗人、2425、哥伦布日 26、到来；到达；到达者 27、克利斯朵夫·哥伦布 28、获得；得到 29、独立；自主 30、独立的；自主的 搜集；集合；聚集31、 32、农业；农艺；农学 农业的；农艺的、33授予；判定奖；奖品34、 35、产品；（尤指）农产品 雄禽；公鸡36、37、赞美；钦佩；羡慕 38、充满活力的;精力充沛的;积极的 39、期望；期待；盼望 狂欢节；（四旬斋前的）饮宴狂欢；嘉年华（会）40、 41、月的；月亮的；阴历的耶稣)复活节42、(43、游行；阅兵；检阅、日夜；昼夜；整天4445、衣服 2 必修3 基督徒；信徒、46基督教的；信基督教的 47、耶稣 48、樱桃；樱桃树 49、花开花 50、好像 51、玩得开心 52、习惯；风俗 53、遍及全世界的；世界性的 玫瑰花蕾54、55、愚人；白痴；受骗者 干傻事；开玩笑傻的 必要性；需要56、57、许可；允许 预言；预报；预告58、59、样子；方式；时尚 60、特立尼达岛 61、卡拉（女名） 62、哈利（男名） 63、（汽车等）停放 64、停车场 65、圣瓦伦廷节；人节 66、出现；到场 67、守信用；履行诺言 68、屏息；屏气 69、道歉；辩白 70、淹没；溺死；淹死

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46、基督徒；信徒 基督教的；信基督教的 47、耶稣 48、樱桃；樱桃树 49、花开花 50、好像 51、玩得开心 52、习惯；风俗 53、遍及全世界的；世界性的 54、玫瑰花蕾 55、愚人；白痴；受骗者 干傻事；开玩笑傻的 56、必要性；需要 57、许可；允许 58、预言；预报；预告 59、样子；方式；时尚 60、特立尼达岛 61、卡拉（女名） 62、哈利（男名） 63、（汽车等）停放 64、停车场 65、圣瓦伦廷节；人节 66、出现；到场 67、守信用；履行诺言 68、屏息；屏气 69、道歉；辩白 70、淹没；溺死；淹死 71、悲哀，悲伤 72、明显的；显而易见的 73、擦；揩；擦去 74、（使）迂回 75、牧群；兽群 76、银河 77、喜鹊 78、哭泣;流泪哭；哭泣 79、广播员；告知者；报幕员 80、出发；动身；使爆炸 81、提醒；使想起 82、使……想起…… 83、原谅；恕 Unit 2 84、日常饮食节食 85、意大利式细面条 86、坚果；果仁 87、肌肉；（食用）瘦肉 88、给予保护的；保护的

新人教版高中英语必修四完整课文译文

新人教版高中英语课文译文 必修四 第一单元卓有成就的女性 Reading 非洲野生动物研究者 清晨5点45分，太阳刚从东非的贡贝国家公园的上空升起，我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜访它们。简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解了黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。我们当天的首相任务就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。这意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开时黑猩猩睡觉的大树旁。大家坐在树荫下等待着，这时候黑猩猩睡醒了，准备离开。然后这群黑猩猩向森林深处漫步而去，我们尾随其后。在大部分时间里，黑猩猩或互相喂食，或彼此擦身，这在它们的家族里是爱的表达方式。简预先提醒我们，到下午的时候我们就会又脏又累。她说对了，但是到了傍晚时分我们就觉得这一切都是值得的。我们看到黑猩猩妈妈跟她的幼子们在树上玩耍，后来看见它们一起回窝里睡觉了。我们明白了黑猩猩家庭成员之间的联系像人类家庭一样紧密。 在简之前没有人完全了解黑猩猩的行为。她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常活动。从孩提时代起，简就想在动物生活的环境中研究它们。但是，这不是一件简单的事。当她1960年最初来到贡贝时。对女性来说，住进大森林还是很稀罕的事情。她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。她的工作改变了人们对黑猩猩的看法。比方说，她的一个重要发现是黑猩猩猎食动物。而在此之前，人们一直认为黑猩猩只吃水果和坚果。她曾经亲眼看到

过一群黑猩猩捕杀一只猴子，然后把它吃掉。她还发现了黑猩猩是如何交流的，而她对黑猩猩身势语的研究帮助她勾勒出黑猩猩的社会体系。 40年来，简·古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不是用于娱乐或公告。她还为黑猩猩建起了可以安全生活的专门的保护区，她的生活是忙忙碌碌的，然而，正如她所说的：“我一旦停下来，所有的一切就会涌上心头。我就会想起实验室的黑猩猩，太可怕了。每当我看着野生黑猩猩时，这个念头总是萦绕着我。我会对自己说：…难道它们不幸运吗？?然后我就想起了那些没有如何过错却被关在笼子里的小 黑猩猩。一旦你看到这些，你就永远不会忘记……。” 简已经得到了她想要得到的一切：在动物的栖息地工作：获得博士学位；还向世人证明女人和男人一样也能在森林里生活。她激励着人们为妇女们的成就而喝彩。 Using Language 为什么不继承她的事业？ 上学时我喜欢英语、生物和化学，但是我进大学该选哪门专业呢？直到有一天晚上坐在电脑旁研究中国的伟大女性时，我才有了答案。 很偶然地，我看到了一篇关于林稚巧大夫的文章。她是妇科专家，1901年生，1983年去世。林稚巧似乎一直都在为自己选择的事业而奔忙，去国外留学，写了很多书和文章。其中有一本书引起了我的注意。这是一本小书，介绍如何从妇女怀孕到护理婴儿的过程中降低死亡率，她提出了一些可以遵循的简单的做法，保持婴儿清洁和健康，让他们远离疾病。她为什么要写这些东西呢?林稚巧认为哪些妇女会需要这些忠告呢？我仔细地看了这篇文章，了解到那是为农村妇女写的。也许是她们在遇到紧急情况时找不到医生。