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模联新代表的在的欧规帮助文件

模联新代表的在的欧规帮助文件
模联新代表的在的欧规帮助文件

THIMUN CONFERENCE BASIC GUIDELINES

FOR

NEW DELEGATES

INDEX

How to Research A Country, An Issue How to Write A Policy Statement

A Sample Policy Statement

How To Write A Draft Resolution

A Sample Resolution

How To Write An Opening Speech

A Sample Opening Speech

What is Lobbying

How To Be A Good Delegate

How To Be A Good Ambassador How To Prepare Official Notepaper page

3

page 4

page 5

page 6

page 8

page 9

page 10

page 11

page 12

page 13

page 14

HOW TO RESEARCH A COUNTRY, AN ISSUE

There are two fields of research that you have to focus on when preparing for any MUN conference. First you need to learn about the country you represent and then there are the issues on the agenda.

I / How To Research A Country?

When researching your country you have several options. One of them is trying to contact its Embassy in your country. You will find that some Embassies are cooperative and others will be less so. You will just have to try.

Another option is to use the Internet. A widely used website for this is the CIA World Factbook. Choose the country you represent and you will find the information you need. If you need a guideline on what you need to know about your country you can refer to the Council of World Affairs. This is a very useful site, by the way, in preparing for many aspects of a conference. Alternatively you might try individual countries’ websites.

II/ How To Research An Issue?

The issues on the agenda of a THIMUN conference are taken from the UN website. Hence going to this website and typing in the issue on the agenda into its search engine will be a good way to start your research on these issues. Member states have websites for their Permanent Missions at the UN that can also be useful if you want to learn about the views of your country on a given issue. You can also try its Embassy in your country, but cooperation may again vary.

In addition, the THIMUN website contains a lot of useful links with regards to research. It has discussion forums where you can do a pre-conference exchange of views with your fellow delegates and maybe also do some online lobbying.

III/ Useful websites

THIMUN

United Nations

Permanent Missions in New York

UN Cyber School Bus

CIA World Fact Book

Council of World Affairs of Canada Embassies Worldwide

The Economist

International Debate Education Association CNN

BBC World https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8a15150351.html,/research/index.html https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8a15150351.html,/english

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8a15150351.html,/members/missions.shtml https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8a15150351.html,

https://https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8a15150351.html,

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8a15150351.html,

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8a15150351.html,

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8a15150351.html,

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8a15150351.html,/index.php

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8a15150351.html,

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8a15150351.html,

HOW TO WRITE A POLICY STATEMENT

I/ What Is A Policy Statement?

In preparation of an MUN conference, you should write a policy statement. This is a document that briefly and clearly explains the policies of your country/organization with respect to the issues dealt with at the conference. There are two important reasons for drawing up this document:

-On the one hand, it forces you to focus on the exact points of view of your country/organization;

-On the other hand, it serves as a reference document to your delegation members and committee members during the conference.

Thus, policy statements may provide an excellent tool in the lobbying process; they may also serve as the basis for your opening speech in your committee.

II/ What Does A Policy Statement Consist of?

In order to produce a useful policy statement, you ought to carry out thorough research. You should also bear in mind that a policy statement consists of five parts in which you:

1.Explain and define the issue and its most important terms;

2.Provide a short summary of recent international action related to the issue;

3.Refer to key documents that relate to the issue;

4.State the country’s general position on the issue;

5.Make suggestions of your own that are in line with your country’s policies to

provide a solution to the issue.

Make sure your policy statement does not exceed 300 words.

To sum up, the policy statement sets out to answer three basic questions:

1.What is the background to your country’s point of view on the issue?

2.What is your country’s current position on the issue?

3.What does it hope to achieve in relation to the issue?

Additionally, you might add strength to your position by answering the following question:

4.What have other member states that share my country’s view done in this area?

You can carry out most of your research online, but it might also be an excellent idea to contact the embassy of the country you are representing in order to ask politely if they are willing to comment on the accuracy of your policy statement.

III/ What To Remember About A Policy Statement?

In a sense, the brevity and clarity of your policy statement shows how well you have prepared for the conference. Make sure that you read out your policy statement to your fellow-delegates at several stages of your research. You will be surprised to find how many things that are clear to you as an expert on an issue are hard to understand for those who have not carried out your research. Your fellow-delegates’ questions and comments will lead to a clearer document that will be an excellent starting-point for your lobbying, resolutions and opening speech.

A SAMPLE POLICY STATEMENT

DELEGATION: Brazil

DISARMAMENT COMMISSION

QUESTION OF: Measures to prevent terrorists from acquiring weapons of mass destruction

Brazil fervently supports measures to support the Weapons of Mass Destruction Branch of the UN Office for Disarmament Affairs in its attempts to prevent terrorists from acquiring weapons of mass destruction (WMD), as it firmly believes such efforts are necessary to combat the global threat of terrorism.

Brazil endorses the Outcome Document of the 2005 World Summit, adopted 13 September 2005, which condemns terrorism in all its forms and manifestations and strives to set up an international system that strictly monitors the transfer of materials that may be used to produce WMD.

Brazil, one of the driving forces behind the 1967 Treaty of Tlatelolco, which turned Latin America into the world’s first nuclear-free zone, applauds the recent efforts made by the Members of the UN to free the world of any type of WMD. We feel especially responsible as our nation commands huge uranium resources. We view with satisfaction the recent efforts of Member States to prevent the use of WMD by terrorists. However, Brazil expresses its deepest regret that, in spite of recent efforts to combat the acquisition of WMD by terrorist groups, some countries have refused to abide by the will of the international community. It is our deepest interest to ensure a world untroubled by the transfer of WMD and materials that can be used in the production of any such weapons.

HOW TO WRITE A DRAFT RESOLUTION

I/ What Is A Resolution?

Before an MUN Conference, you write one or two draft resolutions. The issues of the resolutions can be found in the agenda of the conference. With a draft resolution in your hand, you will participate actively during the debates.

A resolution is initially a formal statement of a proposal to a UN Council, Committee or Commission. It consists of one long, but coherent, sentence divided into clauses and sub-clauses. A resolution should not represent the position of one country but rather of a majority of the UN member states.

II/ How To Write A Resolution?

The language of a UN resolution is very formal, diplomatic and somewhat legalistic. In order to help you, please read the 4 following questions:

A/ What is the preamble?

The preamble is the introduction of the resolution. It contains the background and the argumentation to the issue you have chosen.

B/ How to write the preambulatory clauses?

You will write your references to former UN resolutions, ratified conventions, and/or declarations.

You will provide official figures, the most recent ones possible, to illustrate the issue.

You will congratulate countries and/or organisations (i.e. UN organisations, NGOs) which have worked on the issue.

You will emphasise the difficulties that have been encountered in the past.

You will need to begin the preambulatory clauses with a present or a past participle or an adjective. See the following list:

PREAMBULATORY PHRASES

Acknowledging Affirming Alarmed by Approving Aware of Believing Bearing in mind Confident Congratulating Convinced Declaring Deeply concerned Deeply conscious Deeply disturbed Deeply regretting Deploring Desiring Emphasising Expecting

Expressing its appreciation

Expressing its satisfaction

Fulfilling

Fully alarmed

Fully aware

Fully believing

Further deploring

Further recalling

Guided by

Having adopted

Having considered

Having devoted attention

Having examined

Having received

Having studied

Keeping in mind

Noting further

Noting with appreciation

Noting with approval

Noting with deep concern

Noting with regret

Noting with satisfaction

Observing

Pointing out

Reaffirming

Realizing

Recalling

Recognising

Referring

Reminding

Seeking

Taking into account

Taking into consideration

Viewing with appreciation

Welcoming

C/ What are the operative clauses?

The operative clauses contain the policy statements of the body making the resolution. The clauses should be clear and unambiguous. They present by order of importance what the UN should do or what attitude it should adopt.

D/ How to write the operative clauses?

This question is the most difficult one. You must ensure that your proposals are actually workable and that they fully reflect the existing policies of the country or agency that you represent. You encourage, and/or invite countries to sign/ratify a convention/declaration.

You may propose, welcome or deplore all new situations.

You may support, congratulate or refuse new proposals.

You may confirm, regret what it is already existing.

You have to begin the operative clauses with verbs in the third person singular of the Present Tense. See the following list.

OPERATIVE PHRASES

Accepts

Affirms

Approves

Asks

Authorizes

Calls for

Calls upon Congratulates Confirms Declares accordingly Deplores Designates

Encourages

Endorses

Expresses its satisfaction

Expresses its hope

Further recommends

Hopes

Invites

Proclaims

Proposes

Recommends

Regrets

Requests

Resolves

Seeks

Strongly affirms

Strongly urges

Suggests

Supports

Trusts

Transmits

Urges

Rather than just borrowing/copying clauses from UN resolutions or resolutions from previous conferences, you will be in a much better position to defend and debate during the conference if you write your own resolution from scratch.

III/ How To Present A Resolution?

The heading, which appears on each page, must state specific information: FORUM: you write down the forum you belong to.

QUESTION OF: you copy the issue of the resolution.

SUBMITTED BY: you write down the name of your delegation country or organisation.

The opening verb of each clause is underlined.

There is a line-space between each clause.

The lines of the resolution are NOT numbered.

Each operative clause IS numbered.

The sub-clauses begin with a), b), c), etc.; sub-sub-clauses begin with i), ii), iii), etc.

Acronyms and abbreviation are written out in full the first time they are used.

Each preambulatory clause is followed by a comma.

Each operative clause is followed by a semicolon.

There is only one full stop, that is, at the END of the resolution.

Do make sure that you not only take a number of hard copies of your draft resolution but also an electronic version (e.g. USB, flashdisk, iPod, etc.)

You should have enough copies to distribute to other members of his forum during the lobbying process.

A SAMPLE RESOLUTION

FORUM: GENERAL ASSEMBLY

QUESTION OF: Peace, security and reunification on the Korean peninsula SUBMITTED BY: ____________________________________________________ The General Assembly,

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)

(16)

(17)

(18)

(19)

(20)

(21)

(22)

(23)

(24)

(25)

(26)

(27)

(28)

(29)

(30) Recalling its resolution 55/11 of 31 October 2000, in which it welcomed and supported the inter-Korean summit and the joint declaration adopted on 15 June 2000 by the two leaders of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea,

Reaffirming the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations regarding the maintenance of international peace and security,

Convinced that inter-Korean dialogue and cooperation are essential for consolidating peace and security on the Korean peninsula and also contribute to peace and stability in the region and beyond, inconformity with the purposes and principles of the Charter,

Recognizing that the summit held in Pyongyang from 2 to 4 October 2007 between the two leaders and their Declaration on the Advancement of North-South Korean Relations, Peace and Prosperity represent a major milestone in improving inter-Korean relations,

Recalling the statements welcoming the inter-Korean summit made on 1 October 2007 by the Secretary-General and the President of the General Assembly, and recalling also the statement welcoming the adoption of the Declaration made on 4 October 2007 by the Secretary-General,

1.Welcomes and supports the inter-Korean summit held from 2 to 4 October

2007 and the Declaration on the Advancement of North-South Korean Relations, Peace and Prosperity adopted on 4 October 2007 by the two leaders of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea;

2.Encourages the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and the Republic of

Korea to implement the Declaration fully and in good faith, thereby consolidating peace on the Korean peninsula and laying a solid foundation for peaceful reunification;

3.Invites Member States to continue to support and assist, as appropriate, the

process of inter-Korean dialogue, reconciliation and reunification so that it may contribute to peace and security not only on the Korean peninsula but also in north-east Asia and the world as a whole.

HOW TO WRITE AN OPENING SPEECH

I/ Why Do You Have To Write An Opening Speech?

If you are the Ambassador for the country you represent at THIMUN, you can be asked to do an opening speech before the General Assembly (GA for short).

An opening speech, should last 1 minute. In this minute, you should address very clearly to the audience the position of the country/organisation you represent on the primary concerns about the state of the world.

II/ What Are The Different Parts of An Opening Speech?

There are a few things to keep in mind when preparing for an opening speech: -First of all, there is the beginning of the speech. It is customary to address the President of the GA and the delegates present by starting your speech, saying something like: ‘Honourable President, Distinguished Delegates’

-and then go on to the main body of your speech.

The main body of your speech should address the issue on the agenda your Delegation feels most strongly about. Some delegates think that this part of the speech should be funny and entertaining. This is not what the speech is about at all. Keep it diplomatic and concentrate on getting one single message across.

It is standard practice to end the speech with a flourish such as: ‘Thank you, Mister President’.

III/ How To Deliver An Opening Speech?

When speaking to the GA at THIMUN, you can be easily in awe of the number of people you are facing. You will be nervous. The best way to overcome this is by practising the delivery of your speech in your school and having your MUN Director present and also maybe your fellow delegates. Ask them what they think about your speech and adjust it if you think it needs that.

You should open your speech with a strong sentence to gain audience attention.

Also, when delivering your speech, you must remember to speak slowly and clearly. As a rule of thumb, you are speaking slowly enough when you think to yourself :’I am speaking too slowly now.’ Have the speech timed and see that it does not exceed the time allotted to you. If necessary, the President will remind you that your time is almost up by saying: ‘Will the Delegate please come to His closing remarks’. If you hear this said to you, please act accordingly.

With regards to vocabulary and use of English, if you are a native speaker, bear in mind that there will be non-native speakers in your audience. If you are a non-native speaker, do not worry about making mistakes. You will not be the only one to make them.

Summing up, an opening speech consists of an opening flourish, a main body that drives home one point only and a closing flourish.

A SAMPLE OPENING SPEECH

France

DELEGATION:

Honourable President, Distinguished Delegates,

France recognises the need for multilateral efforts to achieve a greater balance in terms of development between the nations in the world. However, France also believes that any hope of achieving an acceptable economic balance in terms of global standards of living must take into consideration the environmental impact of such efforts.

France applauds the recent changes in tone apparent in the North-South dialogue and calls for greater attention to be paid to the interrelatedness of development planning and environmental security. Environmental threats from industrialisation must be eliminated from development planning. This is why France stands firmly behind the idea that aid and investment should occur at the local level, where traditional knowledge about the environment can play an important role in the development.

Thank you, Mister President.

WHAT IS LOBBYING

This is probably the most important yet baffling part of the conference. The key to successful lobbying is to be pro-active, which means taking active steps to present and discuss your proposals. Keep an eye on the fact that the aim is to negotiate in order to reach consensus. Before the start of the formal conference you informally try to gain the interest and support of other delegates for their draft resolution. As a basis for a draft resolution, a well-researched and well-written policy statement can be used. You may find other delegates with a similar resolution and decide to merge the two, making the resolution stronger and more likely to succeed in debate. This is the time for delegates to air their views. Allies need to be found to support the draft resolution. Sometimes a delegate might abandon his/her own resolution in favour of another, better one.

Your draft resolution should not be longer than two A4 pages, and be clearly expressed in the official format (see How To Write A Resolution). It forms the basis for discussion and you should expect your resolutions to be merged with others as long as national interests and security are not undermined. You should create resolutions that are representative of the policies of specific interest groups and that make realistic recommendations for actions to be taken in dealing with the issues.

The Chairs should coordinate the work of the delegates in the lobbying process to prevent unrealistic or illogical resolutions being produced. This is the time when you will try to obtain sufficient co-submitters to register your resolution. Generally, time spent on lobbying usually results in a stronger resolution.

HOW TO BE A GOOD DELEGATE

I/ What Is The General Behaviour of A Delegate?

THIMUN is a simulation of the United Nations Organisation, therefore you are, as a student, considered to behave like a diplomat of the country you represent. In addition, you are a representative of your own school. This double representation implies that you must behave at any times as properly as possible inside the Conference Centre during the conference itself and, outside (public transportation, streets, places such as shops, cafés etc.).

II: Why Does THIMUN Have A Dress Code?

For you as delegate and as for all participants at THIMUN, Student Officers, Admin Staff, MUN-Directors, a correct outfit is mandatory during the whole time of the conference.

This dress code has been fixed in order to prove our respect towards the countries that are represented at the THIMUN Conference.

What To Wear What Not To Wear A/ Men’s clothing

- A suit, a pair of trousers and jacket

- A tie

- Dark shoes

B/ Women’s clothing

- A skirt, a dress

- A pair of trousers - A blouse

C/ Clothes - Sportswear, sport shoes - Jeans - Too short skirts - Traditional clothes - Military uniforms D/ Accessories

- Facial piercing - Coloured hair - Delegation Shawl

What To Wear

What Not To Wear

HOW TO BE A GOOD AMBASSADOR

AT MUN CONFERENCES

I/ What Is The Role Of MUN Ambassador Before The Conference?

In a sense, all MUN delegates assume the role of an ambassador in the committees they have been assigned to. However, each country delegation is also headed by the ambassador of that particular country. Ideally, the ambassador as head delegate of the team is the most reliable and experienced delegate. The ambassador is given several responsibilities prior to and during the MUN conference.

First of all, you guard the team spirit of your delegates; you also make sure that all members of your team are preparing themselves properly for the conference. You take special care with new members of the team. At all times you show you earn respect.

Now your MUN Director will also stress the importance of the following points, but in your team you must take care of the following: appropriate delegate notepaper and proper attire of the whole team.

II/ What Is The Role Of MUN Ambassador During The Conference?

More importantly, at most conferences you will be given the opportunity during the opening ceremony to put forward your country’s general views and policies in a formal, one-minute speech. Obviously, this speech is based on your excellent research of your country and all of the issues to be discussed at the conference. It will also stand you in good stead when team members wish to find out how their particular committee issue relates to the general set of policies your country adheres to. You yourself will need it if you are called upon in the General Assembly or the Security Council.

Maybe the proudest moments of the conference are when the flag of your nation is transferred from the real ambassador of your country to you and when all of the ambassadors are on stage parading the flags. The symbolism of the transfer of the flags cannot be denied: for the duration of the conference, ambassadorial power is granted to a younger generation of diplomats that is capable of exploring new solutions for old problems.

HOW TO PREPARE OFFICIAL NOTEPAPER

I/ What Is The Use Of Official Notepaper?

During debating time, conversation between delegates is not allowed. You should focus your attention on the different interventions within the House. You should also be well ready to intervene in the debate at any times.

However, it is instrumental that you should remain, during this period, in contact with your fellow delegates in order to establish a common strategy. The notepaper is the perfect way to communicate. On your notepaper, write the delegation name of your addressee.

Write in English, and English only, what you want to say to the other delegate. Then raise your hand with the notepaper. A member of the Admin Staff will take your note and bring it to your addressee.

II/ A Sample Notepaper?

A notepaper should have:

-A5 format,

- a flag of your delegation,

- a list of the whole delegation with their positions (optional)

From: LEBANON

Forum: _________________

To: _____________________

GA1: Peter Smith GA2: Alexandra Cortes GA3: John Mulder

GA4: Mary O’Connor (Ambassador)

HRC1: Philip Jones HRC2: Nicola Mak

DC1: Theo Callun DC2: Helen van der Linden

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模拟联合国协会章程

模拟联合国协会章程 第一章总则 第一条为规西南科技大学模拟联合国协会工作,保障活动质量,实现协会宗旨,依据国务院《社会团体登记管理条例》,国家教育部《普通高等学校学生管理规定》,西南科大校团委《西南科技大学社团管理办法》等相关规定,特制订本章程。 第二条本社团的名称为西南科技大学模拟联合国协会,简称模联协会,英文名为Southwest University of Science and Technology Model United Nations ,缩写为SWUSTMUN。 第三条社团的目的、宗旨和性质 (一)社团目的: 1.提高学生综合能力,丰富方案活动容 2.为学期会议做好充分准备工作。 (二)社团性质:自愿组成,非营利性组织;自觉遵守有关校规法则,维护会员利益和校园秩序,接受有关部门的指导、监督和管理。 (三)社团宗旨: 1.提升学生组织、策划、管理能力,研究、写作、演讲、辩论能力;培养学生解决冲突、谋求利益求同存异的能力;提高学生看待问题的高度,扩展观察问题和

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模拟联合国一般规则流程(美国规则) Ⅰ辩论过程 一、点名 Roll Call 在每一个session的第一阶段,主席助理(Rappotuer)会按国家字母顺序依次点出国家名,被点到的国家举起国家牌(Placard),并回答:“present(到)”。主席助理对到场国家进行记录,计算并宣布每个session到场国家的简单多数(simple majority即50%+1)和三分之二多数(two-thirds majority) 二、确定议题 Setting The Agenda 在模拟联合国会议中,一些委员会有一个以上的议题需要代表们讨论,代表们通过讨论、投票,确定出优先讨论的议题。以下是主要的讨论和投票流程: Step 1:一名代表动议(Motion)先讨论议题A(仅为假设,也可先动议B) D (Delegate) 1: Delegate of XX motions to set the agenda. C (Chair): Delegate, it’s in order. C: Are there any points or motions on the floor? D2: Delegate of XX motions for Topic Area A first. Step 2:主席确认对于该动议是否存在赞成和反对的意见。如果无赞成则直接进入对议题A的讨论,如果无赞成则直接进入对议题B的讨论,但通常这种情况很少发生。 C:Is there a second? (有代表举牌,则进入下一步,无代表赞成,则直接讨论B)Step 3:如果委员会中对于动议同时存在赞成与反对意见的,那么主席将从赞成的反对的双方分别随即点出若干名代表进行交替或连续发言(发言代表的人数根据不同会议而异,通常为2-3人,也可由主席团酌情而定) Step 4:在关于该动议的辩论结束后进行投票。该动议的通过需要简单多数代表的同意,这样就进入到A的讨论;若未通过,则直接进入对B的讨论而不再进行辩论。 三、正式辩论——产生发言名单 The Speakers’ List 代表们确定议题之后,正式辩论开始。主席会请需要发言的代表举国家牌(原则上也就是所有的国家都举牌),并随机点出国家名,代表们发言的顺序即主席点名的顺序,当代表们听到自己国家名被点到之后,便放下国家牌。 D: Delegate of XX motions to open the speakers’ list. C: Delegate, it’s in order. C: All those wishing to speak, please raise your placards. 1、发言 Speeches 每个代表有120秒的发言时间(初始时间,可由代表动议、简单多数通过更改),代表可在大屏幕上看到发言名单。如果需要追加发言机会(国家名未在发言名单上或已经完成发言),代表可向主席台传意向条(page)要求在发言名单上添加其代表的国家,主席会将该过的名字加在发言名单的最后。如果代表已在发言名单上,并且还没有发言,则不能在其发言之前追加发言机会。一旦发言名单上所有国家已发言,并且没有任何代表追加发言,会议直接进入投票表决阶段。 D: XX motions to set the speaking time. XX (time) each delegate. (然后投票决定是否同意此时间,需要简单多数) /D: XX motions to change the speaking time from XX to XX. (此动议的通过也需简单多数) 2、让渡 Yielding 发言若有时间剩余,可将时间让渡。让渡方式如下:

模联规则流程

模拟联合国大会通用规则流程 &文件写作指导 苏科模联学术培训 委员会结构Committee Structure 一个委员会由一个主席团(Members of the Dais)负责。 主席(The Chair)主持会议,主席的任务是按照联合国正式的程序规则监督并推动会议进程(Oversees Debate and Guides Delegates Through the Rules of Procedure)。会议指导(Director)负责审阅代表提交的会议文件。主席助理(Rapporteur)负责点名、录入发言人名单(Speakers' list)。 流程与规则Rules of Procedures 一、正式辩论Formal Debate 1、点名Roll Call 在这一阶段,主席助理会按国家字母顺序依次点出国家名,被点到的国家举起国家牌(Placard),并回答:“present(到)”。 E.g. The rapporteur: Honorable delegates, now we are going to have the roll call. Those countries called please raise your placards and answer PRESENT. Afghanistan...... 2、确定议题Setting the Agenda 本次会议将会由两个议题供代表们选择,代表们通过讨论、投票,确定出要首先讨论的议题。在确定议题的阶段,主席分别在赞成首先讨论议题A和赞成首先讨论议题B的国家中,各随机点出3名代表(即,共6名)进行发言,阐述选择先讨论该议题的原因、动机等,发言时间为90秒。6名代表都发言完毕后,将进行投票,投票原则为简单多数,即50%+1。 E.g. The Chair: Since we have two topic areas, we are going to set the agenda first. Those countries in favor of talking about topic area A first please raise your placards... China, Russia, Singapore, thanks. Those countries in favor of talking about topic area B first please raise your placards... UK, Chile, Japan, thanks. Now delegate of China you have 90 seconds to address your body. 3、发言及让渡时间Speeches and Yield 产生发言名单Open the Speakers' List 代表们确定议题之后,正式辩论开始。主席会请需要发言的代表举国家牌(也就是所有的国家都举牌),并随机读出国家名,代表们发言的顺序即主席点名的顺序,当代表们听到自己国家被点到之后,便放下国家牌。每个代表有120秒的发言时间,代表可在大屏幕上看到发言名单。如果需要追加发言机会,代表可向主席台传意向条(page)要求在发言名单上添加其代表的国家,主席会将该过的名字加在发言名单的最后。主席不阻止追加,但其他代表可用动议来阻止。如果代表已在发言名单上,并且还没有发言,则不能在其发言之前追加发言机会。 一旦发言名单上所有国家已发言,并且没有任何代表追加发言机会,会议直接进入投票表决

模联专业术语

模联会场专业用语一网打尽 模拟联合国——Model United Nations 联合国大会——General Assembly 主席团——Members of the Dais 主席——The Chair 会议指导——Director 主席助理——Rapporteur 点名——Roll Call 国家牌——Placard 到——Present 确定议题——Setting the Agenda 产生发言名单——Open the Speakers’List 意向条——Page 让渡时间——Yield Time 让渡给他国代表——Yield Time to Another Delegate 让渡给问题——Yield Time to Questions 让渡给评论——Yield Time to comments 让渡给主席——Yield Time to the chair 问题和动议——Points and Motions 动议更改发言时间——Motions to set speaking time E.g. Delegate:I have a motion for setting the speaking time for 90 seconds,since the time is a little bit longer than needed…etc. 动议暂时中止正式辩论——Motions to suspend the meeting E.g. Delegate:China wants to motion to discuss the problem of…for 15 minutes and each delegate has 30seconds’speaking time。(or Motion for a 15 minutes unmoderated caucus…etc.)动议中止发言——Motions to close the speaking list 动议结束辩论——Motions to close debate 组织性问题——Point of order 咨询性问题——Point of Inquiry 个人特权问题——Point of Personal Privilege 投票表决——V oting 点名表决——Roll Call V ote 赞成——yes 反对——no 弃权——abstain 简单多数——Simple majority 三分之二多数——Two-thirds majority 正式辩论——Formal Debate 非正式辩论——Informal Debate 有主持核心磋商——Moderated Caucus 自有磋商——Unmoderated Caucus 立场文件——Position Paper

模联基本规则

B.会议流程 意向条(Page) 代表在会议中不能随意相互交流,需要其他代表交流只能传意向条。在会场会有专门的志愿者帮你传条。意向条的内容理论上来说应该是和会议有关的。(但是

也不尽然,交流交流感情,讨论午饭晚饭吃什么也是可以的,但是是不提倡的。)意向条的作用有时可以无穷的。特别是在接下来要说的非正式辩论中。 以下是意向条的格式(其实意向条格式很随意): 非正式辩论(动议部分) 把模联会议想象成一棵大树,那么正式辩论就是大树的树干,非正式辩论就是所有的树枝和叶子啦。(可以参考文章最前面的图示)在正式辩论中每一个代表发言完毕后,主席会面对全场问这样一个问题:“场下有无动议或问题(Are there any points or motions on the floor?)”这就引出了模联中最重要的两个词motion 和point。Motion 即动议;points 即问题。 先说motion。非正式辩论的开启就是靠这个词。当主席问了上面那个问题之后,如果你觉得哪个话题现在的代表们最关心,最想讨论,你就可以发起关于这个话题的非正式辩论。 过程是这样的:举起国家牌,若被主席点到,站起来,然后说XXX 国动议(has a motion。注意motion 是move 的动词形,所以也可以说XXX 国moves to do。)动议能提出的非正式辩论有两种选择 (1)有组织核心磋商(Moderated Caucus) 这实际上就是个有组织会议。会议形式和主发言一样。 要提出有组织核心磋商你需要向主席说明3 点内容: A. 这个caucus 要谈什么内容(涉及大家所乐于讨论的或是对你国家有利的话题) B. 这个caucus 要持续多长时间(一般10~15 分钟为好) C. 给每个要在这个caucus 中发言的代表多长发言时间(一般提出moderated caucus 的国家代表就是第一个发言的,但是你不想发言的话可以和主席说你要放弃第一个发言的机会。一个有组织核心磋商结束后,主席又会问:“台下有无

模联规则流程

一、正式辩论 Formal Debate 1、点名 Roll Call 在这一阶段,主席助理会按国家字母顺序依次点出国家名,被点到的国家举起国家牌(Placard),并回答:“present(到)”。 2、发言及让渡时间 Speeches and Yield 产生发言名单 Open the Speakers' List 代表们确定议题之后,正式辩论开始。主席会请需要发言的代表举国家牌(也就是所有的国家都举牌),并随机读出国家名,代表们发言的顺序即是主席点名的顺序,当代表们听到自己国家被点到之后,便放下国家牌。每个代表有120秒的发言时间,代表可在大屏幕上看到发言名单。如果需要追加发言机会,代表可向主席台传意向条(page)要求在发言名单上添加其代表的国家,主席会将该过的名字加在发言名单的最后。主席不阻止追加,但其他代表可用动议来阻止。如果代表已在发言名单上,并且还没有发言,则不能在其发言之前追加发言机会。 一旦发言名单上所有国家已发言,并且没有代表追加发言机会,会议直接进入投票表决决议草案阶段。让渡时间 Yield Time 代表在发言时间内结束发言之后,可将剩余时间让渡(让渡时间仅出现在120秒的发言名单中),让渡对象如下: ——让渡给他国代表(Yield Time to Another Delegate) ——让渡给问题(Yield Time to Questions) ——让渡给评论(Yield Time to comments) ——让渡给主席(Yield Time to the Chair) 3、问题和动议 Points and Motions 当一位代表按照发言名单的顺序发言完毕后,主席会询问场下有无问题和动议,此时代表可根据自身需要举牌提出问题或动议。 动议更改发言时间Motion to set speaking time 如果代表认为发言时间过长或过短,可动议更改发言时间,然后进行投票表决。 简单多数(50%+1)Simple majority 动议暂时中断正式辩论Motion to suspend the meeting 此动议意味着代表试图使正式辩论阶段过渡到非正式辩论阶段,如进行有主持核心磋商 (Moderated Caucus)或自由磋商(Un-moderated Caucus)。提出动议的代表需要明确动议的目的及中断正式辩论的时间。详细说明请见“非正式辩论”部分。 简单多数(50%+1)Simple majority 动议结束辩论Motion to close debate 结束辩论的动议生效后,会议进入投票阶段。此动议一般在代表认为其立场已经得到充分阐述,并且决议草案已相当完善的情况下提出。一旦有代表动议结束辩论,主席会请出2名代表陈述赞成此动议的理由,2位代表陈述反对此动议的理由,然后全体代表进行投票表决。 三分之二多数(2/3+1)Two-thirds majority 组织性问题Point of Order 当代表认为主席在主持会议的过程中产生某种错误时,可以提出组织性问题,以纠正主席错误。可以打断进程提出。 不需要投票No vote 咨询性问题Point of Inquiry

模联基础知识简介

第一章关于模联 1.1模联的成立 在1947年的联合国大会上,成员国一致宣誓:(原文如下) ...encourage the teaching of the United Nations Charter and the purposes and principles, the structure, background and activities of the United Nations in the schools and institutes of higher learning of their countries, with particular emphasis on such instruction in elementary and secondary schools. 而模联即为响应这一提议而创生。这项活动在欧美已经拥有超过50年的历史,它是由世界各国官方和民间团体特意为青年人组织的活动。模拟联合国活动发源于美国,自诞生至今,吸引了全球超过200,000名高中生和大学生,全世界每年举办近400个模拟联合国会议。尽管“模拟联合国”在许多国家进行得如火如荼,但它一直到90年代中期才进入中国,北京大学、人民大学、外交学院、西安交通大学等高校在为这一活动的推广作着不懈的努力。 这项活动使中学生与联合国的形势紧密地联系起来,同时锻炼了其自身的领袖才能,对当今中国中学生的素质教育起着极为重要的作用。中国作为联合国安理会常任理事国,有着尤为重要的国际责任。而将成为未来领袖的中学生们,更应意识到肩上担负的使命。 1.2什么是模联? 模联(MUN),即模拟联合国(Mode United States)的缩写,是组织学生模拟联合国某些工作的活动。学生代表某个国家驻联合国大使,对该国的历史,政治,经济,社会文化等方面进行学习,按照类似联合国会议的规则和程序进行发言、游说、辩论、谈判,国家集团间达成共识,产生决议草案,并按照联合国的表决程序进行投票从而形成决议。 每次模联大会主办方将选出对于联合国十分重要的议题加以讨论。当你参加模联时,你将会进行会前研究(preconference research),了解议题、“你的”国家的地位、现实世界中“你的”国家的联盟等等。在模联大会上你和其他代表将会在委员会中进行大量时间的辩论、结盟、总结工作报告,起草立场文件(position paper)、工作文件(working paper)和最终决议(resolution)等等。可以说模拟联合国大会能够使学生的综合能力得到充分的锻炼。 模联的种类非常多,事实上,模联的种类和联合国实际会议一样多,也就是说,联合国的每项会议都有其对应的模联活动。较大的模联活动是模仿联合国的主要部门,即: 联合国大会(The General Assembly) 经济与社会理事会(The Economic and Social Council) 安全理事会(The Security Council) 国际法庭(The International court of Justice) 跨政府组织(Intergovernmental Organizations——IGOs) 非政府组织(Nongovernmental Organizations——NGOs) 较大的活动中,可能会有多达2000名学生代表,模拟25个以上的委员会进行活动。 而小型的比赛主要集中在安全问题或紧急问题上,例如,学生可能会参与安理会的某次紧急会议。通常学生会碰到不同的组织解决同一个问题的情况。这类会议的与会方会较少,参与的学生代表的数目也较少。 1.3参加模联的意义 1.3.1通过模联你可以: 了解联合国的结构,功能,工作方式,成功之处及局限等;拓宽你对其他文化的知识面;增强你对世界热点事件的注意力;发展你个人在协商谈判方面的能力;发展你的调查研究能力;增强你口头和书面的表达能力;扩展你对政治、历史、经济、社会文化等影响国家发展的科目的知识;学会在一个你不熟悉的领域里获取需要的信息; 1.3.2通过模联你可以获得下列终生受用的能力:

模联会议流程(中文版)

规则流程 一. 总体规则 主席团结构和委员会工作人员的主要权利一个委员会由3 至5 名工作人员组成的主席团管理和主持。主席团成员包括一名会议指导、助理会议指导和主席助理。会议指导的职责是主持辩论,根据本文件规定的规则流程引导代表参与会议。同时,会议指导将宣布每个会议的开始和结束,推动采用任何没有重大反对意见的程序性动议。在完全掌控着委员会任何会议进程的基础上,他将引导讨论,确定发言权利,提出问题,宣布决定,裁决问题和加强对于规则流程的遵守。他还将鉴定并批准通过上交至主席团的诸多文件。会议指导可以将他的权力短暂移交给主席团的另一个成员。助理会议指导将在会议中帮助会议指导鉴定并批准文件。他还将回答针对主席团的询问。主席助理将负责记录并呈现会议进程。主席团可以对代表们提出会议可能进程的建议。在行使规则流程时,主席团将随时对秘书长负责。委员会在规则流程的框架内,委员会由一个单独委员会内的所有与会代表和其主席团组成。代表团每个国家由一或两名代表出席,在每个委员会有一次表决权。观察国的权利观察国可以参与除修正案外的所有程序性问题的表决,不可以参加实质性问题的表决。 二. 正式辩论的规则 正式辩论时,所有代表须遵循规则流程并保持礼貌。正式辩论可由以下部分构成: 点名在这个阶段,会议指导将按照字母顺序读出每个国家的名字。被念到时,该国的代表将举起他/她的国家牌并答“到”。 确定议题点名后,委员会将首先确定议题。须有一个动议提出首先讨论指导文件里的一个议题。该动议须一个赞成。对于只设立了一个议题的委员会,无须辩论而自动采用该议题。针对该动议将产生“同意”和“反对”的发言名单;“同意”方的代表将发言支持提到的议题,“反对”方将发言支持另一个议题。委员会听取了来自双方的两个发言后,结束辩论的动议即可提出。根据结束辩论的规则,会议指导将准许两个反对该动议的发言,结束辩论的投票需三分之二多数。如果确定议题的发言名单终止,辩论将自动结束。辩论结束时,委员会将立即进入确定议题动议的投票表决。通过动议需简单多数。如果动议失败,另一个议题将自动排在议程首位。在这个阶段代表发言不可以让渡时间。 发言名单的建立 委员会将就讨论的议题产生一个发言名单。会议指导最初将愿意发言的国家添加到名单中,并事先设定发言时间。一个国家可给会议指导写条申请加入名单(如果该国不在名单上)或取消发言。任何时候会议指导都可以再次点名添加愿意发言的成员。等待发言的国家将根据委员会需要随时可能延迟。第二个议题后的发言名单只有当委员会进入到该议题后才能产生。结束发言名单的动议永远无效。 进行发言 代表只有获得会议指导的同意后才能发言。会议指导可以提醒发言人如果他/她的言论与正在讨论的主题无关,或者对委员会成员或工作人员构成侵犯。 时间限制

模拟联合国缩写

AD是助理 SC是安理会 DR是决议草案 DD指令草案 BG背景文件(background) pp立场文件(position paper) WP工作文件(working paper) Chair:主席(会议的主持者和引导者) AD:Rapporteur主席助理(主席的协助者,负责点名,计时,会议记录) DEL:delegate 代表(代表各个国家,对问题进行讨论的人) Committee:委员会 Topic:议题 BG:Background Guide 背景文件 PP:Position Paper 立场文件 WP:Working Paper 工作文件(这个相当于DR的草稿,用于记录各种观点,有一定格式,下周,Education Department 会教你们具体怎么写) DR:Draft Resolution 决议草案(一个得到半数以上DEL同意的DR意味着一个Topic的讨论结束,每个Topic只能通过一份DR,DR 也有固定格式,下周也会教) Sponsor:起草国(起草DR的国家) Signatory:附议国(同意DR的国家) Amendment:修正案(对决议草案的修改和补充) Placard:国家牌(一张印有代表所代表国家的牌子) Page:意向条(会场上不可交头接耳,如果有什么想说的可以通过递意向条来与其他代表交流) Roll Call:点名(注意这里的点名不是为了统计代表的出勤率而是为了统计有多少人可以参加投票,点名时不说‘到’或者‘Here’,只说‘Present’或‘Present and vote’两者的区别是前者可以在最后DR的投票时abstain,而后者则必须投支持或者反对) Speaker’s list:发言名单(会议开始后,主席会建立发言名单,如果没有动议,各个代表按发言名单顺序发言,每次发言时间为一分钟,在50秒时,主席助理会敲打法槌提醒代表) Yield:让渡(当代表在发言名单上发言时,若还剩下时间则可以选择让渡,让渡分三种,让渡给主席,相当于放弃这段时间,让渡给其他代表,让其他代表上台发言,让渡给问题,让其他代表提问,自己则用剩下时间回答) Motion:动议(在会场上不可以随意说话,如果要发言,必须举起国家牌要求动议,动议必须在没有代表发言的情况下才能动议,动议过后要进行投票,超过半数代表同意,则动议通过,否则,不通过;动议通过则停下发言名单讨论动议中提出的问题,若不通过则继续发言名单) Moderated Caucus:组织性磋商(组织性磋商必须由动议提出,提出该动议的国家必须说出该磋商的时间,各个代表所回答的时间,以及所讨论问题,组织性磋商会在主席的组织下进行E.g. 当你动议组织性磋商时要说:Motion,the delegate of …….(自己所代表的国家)motion a moderated caucus to talk about ………(所要讨论的问题)for ten minutes, each delegate has 1 minute to speak.注意在组织性磋商当中是没有让渡的) Unmoderated Caucus:非组织性磋商(同样必须由动议提出,非组织性磋商非常自由,可以随意在会场中走动,和其他代表交流,并且在这段时间里可以使用包括电脑在内的电子产品)

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