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新核心 综合学术英语教程 第1册 单词词汇表 EAP Wordlist-Book1

新核心 综合学术英语教程 第1册 单词词汇表 EAP Wordlist-Book1
新核心 综合学术英语教程 第1册 单词词汇表 EAP Wordlist-Book1

EAP Wordlist Book1

(Collector: Chen Yangmo,Fangxiya, Huang Yujia, Zhang Tianzi,WangYing,Xu Yue )

Unit 1

R1

adapt v. to make fit for; to change to suit a new purpose适应

agricultural adj. relating to agriculture or farming 农业的

bloom v. to produce flowers 开花

cancer n. diseased growth in the body, often causing death; malignant tumour癌

coastal adj. in the sea or on the land near a coast 沿海的

concern n. something that is important or interesting to somebody 对某人来说是重要的或感兴趣的事物

creature n. living being, especially an animal 生物(尤指)动物

dangerously adv. in a dangerous manner 危险地

deadly adj. causing, or likely to cause death (可能)致命的

depletion n.reducing something by a large amount so that there is not enough left 大量减少dramatically adv. in a very impressive manner 引人注目地

drought n. continuous dry weather, especially when there is not enough water forpeople’s needs干旱

environmental adj. concerned with the ecological effects of altering theenvironment环境的;有关环境的;周围的

equator n.imaginary line(or one drawn on a map, etc.)around the earth at anequal distance from the North and South Poles赤道

expert n. person with special knowledge, skill or training in a particular field专家;能手generation n. all people born at about the same time代(大致在同一时期内出生的所有人)hurricane n. storm with a violent wind, especially a West Indian Cyclone飓风

issue n. an important topic that people are discussing or arguing about重要议题;争议的问题

link v. to make a logical or causal connection联系

malaria n. fever produced when germs are introduced into the blood by a bite fromcertain mosquitoes 疟疾

mosquito n. small flying insect (especially the type that spread malaria), the female of which sucks the blood of people and animals蚊

occur v. happen 发生

proof n. a fact, argument, or piece of evidence which shows that something is definitely true or definitely exists证据

record n. permanent account, especially in writing of facts, events, etc.(对事实、事件等的)记录;

(尤指)记载

region n. a particular area or part of the world 地区,区域

reproduce v. (of humans, animals, insects, etc.) produce (offspring) by nature means (指人、兽、昆虫等)生殖,繁殖

shelter n. structure built to give protection, especially from rain, wind or attack 遮蔽物,庇护物species n. group of animals or plants within a genus differing only in minor detailsfrom the others, and able to breed with each other but not with other groups 物种;种

survive v. to continue to live or exist 继续生存或存在

temperature n. a measure of how hot or cold it is 温度

trap v. to hold or catch as if in a trap; prevent…from escaping困住;留住

R2

absorb v. to take something in; suck up 吸收(某事物);吸进

abundant adj. more than enough; plentiful丰富的;充裕的

add v. to increase, complete, or improve 增加;添加

atmosphere n. the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth 大气;大气层

compound n. something made up of two or more separate things combined together复合物

concentration n. grouping of people or things人或事物的聚集、集中或集合

continuous adj. going on without stopping or being interrupted 继续不停的

fertilizer n. a substance added to soil to make plants grow more successfully肥料

gasoline n. petrol 汽油

heat-absorbent n.吸热剂

impact n. strong impression or effect on somebody /something对某人或某事物的强烈的印象或巨大影响

leading adj. most important ;chief最重要的;最主要的

level n. position on a scale of quantity, strength, value, etc.(测量的)数量,强度,数值等ongoing adj. continuing to exist or progress继续存在的;进行中的

particularly adv. to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common 特别地

petrol n. inflammable liquid obtained from petroleum and used as a fuel in internal-combustion engines 汽油

pollution n. the process of making air, water, soil, etc. dirty; the state of being dirty污染preservation n. the action of protecting something from loss or danger 保存,保留

prominent adj. distinguished or important 杰出的;卓越的;重要的

quantity n. an amount of something that can be counted or measured 量;大小;重量

ray n. narrow beam or line of light or other radiation线,射线

release v. to cause gas or heat to leave its container or the substance that it was part of and enter the surrounding atmosphere or area 释放

seawater n. salty water from the sea 海水

solution n. (action or way of finding an ) answer to a problem, question, difficulty, etc.解决方法unfortunately adv. unluckily 不幸地

vapor n. gaseous form into which certain liquid or solid substance can be converted by heating蒸

vicious adj. acting with evil intentions; spiteful 有恶意的;恶毒的

R3

action n. process of doing something; using energy or influence 行动

average n. result of adding several amounts together and dividing the total by the number of amounts平均;平均数

binding adj. that must be obeyed because it is accepted in law有约束力的

commitment n. a promise to do something or to behave in a particular way 承诺;保证complex adj. difficult to understand and explain because there are many different parts.(因有很多部分)难以理解或解释的;复杂的

compliance n. acting according to certain accepted standards 顺从;服从

conference n. a meeting, often lasting a few days, which is organized on a particular subject or to bring together people who have a common interest 专题讨论会

convention n. a large meeting of an organization or political group 大型会议

ecosystem n. all the plants and animals that live in a particular area together with the complex relationship that exists between them and their environment生态系统

emit v. to give off, send forth, or discharge, as of light, heat, or radiation, vapor, etc.发出;散发(热,光,气体或气味)

exempt v. free from an obligation, duty or payment; not liable 被免除义务或责任;不用付款;被豁免

fashion n. manner or way of doing something样子;方式

framework n.a particular set of rules, ideas, or beliefs which you use in order to deal with problems or to decide what to do体系

goal n. object of one’s efforts; target努力的对象;目标

individual n. separate and distinct from others of the same kind个别的

interdependence n. the condition of a group of people or things that all depend on each other 互

相依赖

interference n. the act of hindering or obstructing 干扰,冲突;干涉

justified adj. having a good reason for something 有正当理由的;合乎情理的;事出有因的legally adv. by law; conforming to the law合法地

lobbying n. a group of people who represent a particular organization or campaign,and try to persuade a government or council to help or support them 游说团体

major adj. greater in number or size or amount主要的;重要的

negotiation n. formal discussions between people who have different aims or intentions, especially in business or politics, during which they try to reach an agreement (尤指商业或政治

上的)谈判

objective n. (a)thing aimed at or wished for; purpose 目标;目的

period n. an amount of time一段时间

pre-industrial adj. the time before machines were introduced to produce goods on a large scale工业化前的

proceed v. to go on继续前进;继续进行

recognize v. to be prepared to admit or be aware of (something); realize承认或认清(某事物);

认识到

reduced adj. less in size or amount or degree 减少的

reject v. to refuse to accept (somebody/something) 拒绝接受

relatively adv. in a relative manner; by comparison to something else 相对地;相当地

require v. to depend on (somebody/something) for success, fulfillment, etc.; need 有赖于(某人[某事物]);需要

specific adj. stated explicitly or in detail 明确的;详细的

stabilize v. to make something stable (使)稳定

state n. to express (something) in spoken or written words ,especially carefully, fully, and clearly 陈述或说明(某事)(尤指仔细、详尽而明确地)

stock n. the total amount of goods which a group has available to sell存货

strengthen v. to become stronger; to make somebody/something stronger加强;巩固subsequent adj. later; following后来的;随后的

sustainable adj. capable of being sustained 可持续的

system n. a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole 系统threaten v. to pose a threat to; to present a danger to威胁

treaty n. agreement between countries in which they agree to do a particular thing or to help each other 条约

ultimate adj. last or final 最终的,最后的

urgent adj. very important and needing to be dealt with immediately 紧急的;急迫的

R4

absolutely adv. totally and completely绝对地

bleak adj. not hopeful or encouraging无望的

called-for adj.被提倡的

conclusion n. a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration 结论

consensus n. agreement in opinion; collective opinion 意见一致;共同看法

consequence n. something that is a result or an effect of something else 结果;后果;影响constant adj. unchanging; fixed 不变的;恒定的

current adj. of the present time; happening now现在的;现行的;当前发生的

cutback n. a reduction in quantity or rate 减少,削减

descendant n. a person who is related to someone and who lives after them, such as their child and grandchild后裔

dispute n. an argument or disagreement between people or groups争论

enclose v. to close in or confine 围绕;装入

engage v. to carry out or participate in an activity; to be involved in something从事

ensure v. to make certain of something 保证;确保

evidence n. anything that you see, experience, read, or are told that cause you do to believe that something is true or has really happened 证据;依据

experiment n. a scientific test done in order to discover what happens to something in particular conditions 实验

extremely adv. to a very high degree非常,极其

forecast v. a statement of what is expected to happen in the future,especially in relation to a particular event or situation 预报

highly adv. to an unusually great extent; very 高度地;非常

inevitable adj. incapable of being avoided or prevented 不可避免的

insulating adj. protecting from heat, cold ,or noise by surrounding with insulating materials 隔离的

intentionally adv. with intention; in an international manner 故意地,有意地

irrefutable adj. that cannot be proved false驳不倒的

lessen v. to decrease in size, extent, or range 使…变小;使…减轻;使...变少

oppose v. be against; express opposition to 反对

overwhelming adj. very great or very strong; so powerful that you cannot resist it or decide how to react 压倒性的;势不可挡的

polluter n. someone or something that pollutes the environment 污染源;污染者

primarily adv. basically; mainly主要地,根本地

proposal n. a plan or an idea, often a formal or written one ,which is suggested for people to think about and decide upon (常为正式书面的)提议

prospect n. mental picture of the future 前景

ratify v. to make ( an agreement, a treaty, etc.) officially valid, usually by signing it

使(协议、条约等)正式生效;正式批准

reduction n. the act of decreasing or reducing something 减少;下降;缩小

reflect v. to show the nature of something表现(某事物)的性质

refuse v. to show unwillingness towards 拒绝

research n. work that involves studying something and trying to discover facts about it 研究selective adj. tending to select; characterized by careful choice 选择性的

sense n. the physical abilities of slight, smell, hearing, touch, and taste感觉功能

statistics n. quantitative data on any subject, especially data comparing the distribution of some quantity for different subclasses of the population统计数据

supporter n. people who support someone or something, for example a political leader or a sports team支持者

surprisingly adv. in an amazing manner; to everyone’s surprise惊人地;出人意外地

trend n. a change or development toward something new or different 趋势

vested adj. having a present right to the immediate or future possession and enjoyment of property 既定的

L1

appropriate adj. suitable or acceptable for a particular situation 适当的

diagram n. a simple drawing which consists mainly of lines and is used , for example, to explain how a machine works 示意图

L2

discard n. to throw or cast away something 丢弃

dispose v. to deal with or throw away something 处理;丢弃

re-cycle v. to use again after processing回收利用;循环使用

Unit 2

R1

approach n. ideas or actions intended to deal with a problem or situation 接近,途径,方法attribute v. to believe or say that a situation or event is caused by something把......归于characterize vt. to describe or portray the character or the qualities or peculiarities of something 表示......的典型;赋予......特色

commonplace adj. not special or unusual 平凡的,普通的

communal adj. shared by a group of people or animals,especially a group who live together公有的;共有的

competitive adj. showing a fighting disposition竞争的;有竞争力的

exceed v. to be greater in scope or size than some standard 超过;超出

intensify vt. to make something more intense, stronger, or more marked 增强;强化;加剧intimate adj. extremely close 亲密的

phenomenon n. any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning 现象

predict v. to make a prediction about; tell in advance 预言;预测

predominantly adv. Much greater in number or influence 主要地;占优势地

project v. to calculate what something will be in the future计划,设计

proportion n. the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole 部分;比例

relative adj. with reference to something or in comparison with something与......相比

replace vt. to substitute a person or thing for(another that is broken or inefficient or lost or no longer working or yielding what is expected) 取代;替换

represent vt. to be representative or typical for something代表;象征

respectively adv. in the order given 分别地;各自地

rural adj.characteristic of farming or country life 农村的,乡村的

scal e n. size or extent of something范围

secondary adj. being of second rank or importance or value 次要的;第二的

suburban adj. relating to or characteristic of or situated in suburbs市郊的;郊区的transformation n. a complete change in someone or something 转型;转化

unimaginable adj. not possible to imagine 不能想象的;想象不到的

unprecedented adj. never having happened before空前的;前所未有的

urbanize vt. to make something more industrial or city-like使城市化

R2

accumulate v. to get or gather together 累积

ambition n. a strong drive for success雄心;抱负

challenge n. a demanding or stimulating situation 挑战

duplicate vt. to copy something exactly 复制

eliminate v. to kill in large numbers除去;剔除

exploit vt. to use something fully and effectively 利用;开发

infrastructure n. the basic structure or features of a system or organization基础;基础设施invisible adj. impossible or nearly impossible to see 看不见的;无形的

modest adj. not large but sufficient in size or amount 适度的;有节制的

notable adj. important,interesting,excellent,or unusual enough to be noticed or mentioned 显著的;著名的

outweigh v. to be heavier than 比......重要;比......有价值

policymaker n. someone who decides what an organization’s or government’s policies will be 决策者

potential adj. existing in possibility 潜在的;可能的

resident n. someone who lives or stays in a particular place居民

slum n. a district of a city marked by poverty and inferior living conditions 贫民窟

span n. the complete duration of something 跨度

squatter n. someone who settles on land without right or title新开垦地的定居者

survey n. a general description or report about a particular subject or situation 调查;研究sustainability n. the property of being sustainable持续性;永续性

swell v. to increase in size, magnitude, number,or intensity (使)膨胀;(使)增长

threatening adj. foreshadowing evil or tragic developments 威胁性的;险恶的

R3

accomplish vt. to gain with effort 完成;实现

adverse adj. contrary to your interests or welfare不利的;逆向的;有害的

dweller n. a person who inhabits a particular place 居民

entertainment n. an activity that is diverting and that holds the attention 娱乐

fabric n. the underlying structure结构

locate v. to find the exact position of something 把......设置在;使坐落于

mental adj. involving the mind or an intellectual process 思想的;心理的

necessities n. something that you need to have in order to live 必需品

overcrowding n. crowding together too much过度拥挤;挤满

profitable adj. yielding material gain or profit 有益的;有利可图的

profits n. the excess of revenues over outlays in a given period of time (including depreciation and other non-cash expenses) 利润

resource n.something such as useful land, or minerals that exists in a country and can be used to increase its wealth 资源

scattered adj. occurring or distributed over widely spaced and irregular intervals in time or space 分散的;稀疏的

sewage n. the mixture of waste from the human body and used water that is carried away from

houses by pipes under the ground 污水;污物

shift n. change of place or direction 改变

strain n. a state of worry and tension caused by a difficult situation 压力,重负

tight adj. firm or close紧紧的;牢固的

R4

acce ss n. the right to enter a place, use something ,see someone etc.接近(的机会)

adequate adj. sufficient for the purpose足够的

boundary n. the line indicating the limit or extent of something边界,界线

clarify vt. to make something clear and (more)comprehensible阐明;净化

concerted adj. involving the joint activity of two or more 协定的;商议好的

connection n. a relation between things or events 联系;关系;连接

critical adj. vital; important 决定性的

crucia l adj. of the greatest importance 决定性的;关键的

deny vt. to refuse to allow someone to have or do something 拒绝承认;拒绝给予discouraging adj. depriving 3of confidence or hope or enthusiasm令人气馁的

effective adj. exerting force or influence 有效的;实际的

enhance vt. to make something better or more attractive 提高;增加;加强

expansion n. growth in size, range ,amount etc. 扩展;扩充

futile adj. producing no result or effect 无效的;无用的

institution n. an organization founded and united for a specific purpose制度;机构

migrant adj. habitually moving from place to place especially in search of seasonal work 移居的minimum n. the smallest possible quantity 最低限度;最小量

options n. one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen 选择;选择权

promote vt. to help something to develop or increase 促进;提升

specialist n. an expert who is devoted to one occupation or branch of learning 专家

strategy n. the branch of military science dealing with military command and the planning and conduct of a war 策略;战略

stretch v. to make long or longer by pulling and stretching 伸展;延伸

universally adv. Everywhere 普遍地

violation n. an action that breaks a law, agreement,principle etc. 违反;违背

vision n. the ability to see; the visual faculty 视力;视觉

welfare n. governmental provision of economic assistance to persons in need 福利;福利事业;幸福

Unit 3

R1

automobile n. a car汽车

catalogue n. a complete list of items目录

catalyst n. one that stimulates a process or event 催化剂;刺激因素

commerce n. the buying and selling of goods and services贸易,商业

comparable adj. similar to somebody/something else可比较的;比得上的

competitor n. companies who are trying to sell similar goods or services to the same people竞争者,对手

efficiently adv. doing something well without wasting time or energy有效地;效率高地expectation n. a strong believe that something good will happen期待;预期;指望

external adj. coming from the outside外部的;外观的;外面的

flexibly adv. able to change to suit new conditions or situations灵活地;易曲地;柔软地;有弹性地

fulfillment n. the act of consummating something履行;实行

Implement vt. pursue to a conclusion or bring to a successful issue 实施,执行;实现,使生效incorporate vt. to form or unit into a whole合并;混合;组成公司

integrate vt. to make into a whole or make part of a whole 使……完整;使……成整体internal adj. located inward内部的;内在的;国内的

normally adv. under normal conditions 正常地;通常地,一般地

purchase vt. to acquire by means of a financial transaction购买;赢得

regional adj. relating to a particular area of a country or of the world地区的;局部的seamlessly adv. perfectly consistent 无缝地

separately adv. individually, apart from others分别地;分离地;个别地

supplier n. someone whose business is to supply a particular service or commodity供应商witness n. someone who sees an event and reports what happened证人;目击者;证据vigorous adj. strong,energetic,and active in mind or body有力的;精力充沛的

R2

deliver vt. to bring something to a destination交付

distinguish v. to mark something as different区别,区分

enormous adj. very great in size,extent,number,or degree 庞大的;巨大的

equipment n. the things which used for a particular purpose 设备,装备

expand v. to become greater in size,number or importance发展;张开,展开扩张

expense n. money spent in doing a particular job代价;消费;开支

facilitate vt. to make an action or a process possible or easier促进;帮助;使容易

finance vi. to obtain or provide money for 筹措资金

generate vt. to produce or create something使形成;产生

identify vt. to recognize somebody/something确定;识别;使参与;把……看成一样

majority n. people or things in a group is more than half of them 多数

manufacture n. goods or products which have been made in a factory制造;产品merchandise n. goods that are bought, sold, or traded商品;货物

refer v. to mention or speak about 提到

requirement n. a quality or qualification that you must have要求;必要条件;必需品revenue n. money that a company receives收益

suit vt. to accord or comport with适合;使适应

R3

cash n. money which is immediately available现款,现金

classic adj. very typical经典的;古典的,传统的

conduct v. direct the course of带领

confront vt. to deal with (something unpleasant) head on面对;遭遇

contract v. to make something become less or smaller收缩;感染;订约

distribute vt. to give things to a large number of people分配

encryptio n n. protection of information by putting it into a special code that only some people can read加密;加密术

entrepreneur n. a person who makes money bu running businesses 企业家;承包人

goods n. things that are produced to be sold商品

identity n. the individual characteristics by which a thing or person is re-cognized or known 特性individual n. a person 个人,个体

obligate vt. to be restricted to a particular condition of life 负义务

operate vt. to direct or control projects and businesses操作;经营

plateau n. a stage where there is no further change or development稳定水平

profit n. money gained by business 利润;利益

secure vt. to make something safe from harm or attack 保护

segment n. one of several parts of pieces that fit with others to constitute a ehole object段;部分stability n. the quality or attribute of being firm and steadfast 稳定性

systematic adj. based on a regular plan or fixed method; thorough系统的,有条理的,彻底的unintentional adj. not done on purpose非故意的;无意识的

unsustainable adj. incapable to keep无法支撑的

warehouse n. a storehouse for goods仓库

R4

accommodate vt. to make fit for,or change to suit a new purpose使适应;调节

appeal vi. to attract or interest somebody有吸引力,迎合爱好

barrier n. an object like a fence that prevents people from moving forward障碍物

collaborate vi. to work together with somebody in order to produce or achieve something合作communication n. the activity or process pf expressing ideas and feelings or of giving people information交流

complicated adj. made of many different things or parts that are connected; difficult to understand 难懂的,复杂的

diverse adj. very different from each other and of various kinds不同的;多种多样的

domestic adj. of or inside a particular country国内的

format n. the organization of information形式

further v. to promote the growth of 促进

meaningless adj. having no purpose,worthless无目的,无价值的

obstacle n. anything that makes it difficult for you to o something障碍,干扰

offensive adj. violating or tending to violate or offend against something攻击的;冒犯的overcome v. to win a victory over克服,战胜

promise n. a verbal commitment by one person to another agreeing to do (or not to do) something in the future 许诺,承诺

shrink vt. to become smaller使缩小,使收缩

tap v. to draw from ;make good use of开发,发掘,利用(资源、形式)

transportation n. the activity of taking goods or people from one place another in a vehicle运输;运输系统

L1

panic vi. to be overcome by a sudden fear 感到恐慌;惊慌失措

L2

differentiate vt. to recognize or ascertain what makes someone or something unlike区别;区分Unit4

R1

acquire vt. to gain (a new skill, ability, etc.) usually by own effort获得,取得

address vt. to use a specified name or title when speaking or writing to someone 称呼

approach vt. to deal with a problem or situation着手处理

avoidance n. keeping away from or preventing from happening避免

characteristic n. a typical feature or quality that something/somebody has 特性,特征

collectivist n. a person emphasizes on collective rather than individual action or identity集体主义者

concept n. a person’s mind and thoughts观念,概念

consciousness n. an alert cognitive state in which you are aware of yourself and your situation 意识,观念

contact n. the state that exists in direct physical contact with somebody联系,接触

custom n. an action or way of behaving that is usual and traditional among the people in a particular group or place 风俗,习俗

definition n. a statement that describes what something is定义,释义

disabled adj. incapacitated by injury or illness残废的,有缺陷的

discomfort n. the state of being tense and feeling pain不安,苦恼

distinguishable adj. different or special in some way可区别的,可辨别的

ethnic adj. of or relating to large groups of people classed according to common racial, national, tribal, religious, linguistic, or cultural origin or background 种族的,民族的,某文化群体的heritage n. practices that are handed down from the past by tradition遗产,传统

indicate vt. to show or suggest that (something) is needed表明,暗示

interaction n. communication and understanding between two people交流,互动interpersonal adj. occurring among or involving several people 人与人之间的,人际的misunderstanding n. putting the wrong interpretation on 误解,误会

norm n. standard标准,准则

notion n. an idea or opinion概念,观念

participate vi. or be involved in参加

racial adj. of or related to genetically distinguished groups of people种族的

status n. the relative position or standing of things or especially person in a society 地位

view vt. the act of seeing or examining看,认为

R2

accomplishment n. a special skill or ability gained by practice or training技能,成就achievement n. something that has been done through effort, a result of hard work完成,成就alter vt. to cause something to change改变

birthright n. a right that you have because you were born into a particular position, family, place etc.与生俱来的权利

casual adj. not formal休闲的,不正式的

define vt. to show or describe (someone and something) clearly and completely 定义,释义deserve vt. to be worthy of值得

destiny n. the things that will happen to a person or thing命运

display n. an action ,or performance etc. which shows very clearly that you have some ability, feeling, quality etc.展示,显示

egalitarianism n. a belief in human equality especially with respect to social, political, and economic affairs 平等主义

equality n. a state of being essentially equal or equivalent; equally balanced 平等

fate n. the things that will happen to a person or thing命运

grand adj. impressive because of size or importance;重要的,重大的

ideal n. the idea of something that is perfect 理想,典范

individualism n. belief in the importance of the individual and the virtue of self-reliance and personal independence 个人主义;利己主义

inferior adj. low or lower in rank (社会地位) 级别比较低的

inheritance n. the acquisition of a possession, condition, or trait from past generations 继承,遗传intellectual adj. of or relating to the ability to think in a logical way 智力的,知识的

materialism n. a way of thinking that gives too much importance to material possessions rather than to spiritual or intellectual things 唯物主义,物质主义

orientation n. a usually general or lasting direction of thought , inclination or interest 方向,定向otherwise adv. other than as supposed or expected在其他方面

pressure vi. to try to force someone to do something迫使

pretend vi. to give a false appearance of being, or performing假装

privacy n. the state of being away from public attention隐私

productive adj. producing or able to produce something especially in large amounts 能生产的,富有成效的

rank n. position in a society, organization, group etc. 等级

rush v. to move fast冲,奔

sacrifice vt. to give up something that you want to keep in order to get or do something else or to help someone 牺牲

schedule n. a plan of things that will be done and the times when they will be done 日程表,时间表soul n. the spiritual part of a person that is believed to give life to the body and in many religions is believed to live forever 灵魂,心灵

spiritual adj. of or relating to a person’s spirit精神的,心灵的

stagnate vi. to shop developing, progressing, moving, etc.停滞

superior adj. high or higher in rank (社会地位中) 级别较高的

title n. a word with one’s name to show his rank, profession, or marital status头衔

worthy n. having enough good qualities to be considered important, useful有价值的,值得的

R3

assignment n. a specified task or amount of work assigned or undertaken as if assigned by authority 任务,功课

大学英语自学教程复习资料

大学英语自学教程复习资料 第一部分Text A & 第二部分Text B 第一部分Text A 【课文译文】 怎样成为一名成功的语言学习者 决策是从可供挑选的行动方案中作出选择,目的在于确定并实现组织机构的目标或目的。之所以要决策是因为存在问题,或是目标或目的不对,或某种东西妨碍目标或目的实现。 因此,决策过程对于管理人员非常重要。管理者所做的一切几乎都与决策有关,事实上,有人甚至认为管理过程就是决策过程。虽然决策者不能预测未来,但他们的许多决策要求他们必须考虑未来可能会发生的情况。管理者必须对未来的事情作出最佳的猜测,并使偶然性尽可能少地发生。但因为总是存在着未知情况,所以决策往往伴随着风险。有时失误的决策带来的后果不很严重,但有时就会不堪设想。 选择就是从多种选项中进行取舍,没有选择,就没有决策。决策本身就是一个选择的过程,许多决策有着很广的选择范围。例如,学生为了实现自己获得学位的目标,可能会从多门课程中进行选择,对于管理者来说,每一个决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等方面的制约,这些制约存在于一个组织的各个部门里。 选项就是可供选择的种种可行的行动方案。没有选项,就没有选择,因而也就没有决策。如果看不到任何选项,这意味着还没有对问题进行彻底的研究。例如,管理者有时会用“非此即彼”的方式处理问题,这是他们简化问题的方法。这种简化问题的习惯常常使他们看不到其他的选项。 在管理这个层次上,制定决策包括:识别选项和缩小选项范围,其范围小到微乎其微,大到近乎无限。 决策者必须有某种方法来断定几种选项中的最佳选项,即哪个选项最有利于实现其组织的目标。组织的目标是指该组织努力完成或达到的目标或现状。由于个人(或组织)对于怎样实现其目标的方式都有不同的见解,最佳的选择就在于决策者了。常常是一个组织的下属部门做出的决策对自己有利,而对上一级的部门来说,就不是较佳选择了。这种增加部门的局部利益而减少其他部门的局部利益所作出的权衡,叫做局部优化。例如,市场营销经理为增加广告预算可能会讲得头头是道,但从更大的布局来看,增加优化产品的研究经费也许对组织更有利。

新世纪高等院校英语专业综合教程第三册unit1unit8课后词汇总汇

Unit 1 square v. to set straight or at approximate right angles使成方形 discreetly ad. carefully谨慎地,小心地 reserve n. self-restraint in expression; the habit of not showing one's feelings or thoughts矜持,拘谨;寡言 whereabouts n. the place where somebody or something is下落, 去向 anthology n. a collection of literary pieces, such as poems, short stories, or plays (诗、文等的)选集 grope v. to search blindly or uncertainly暗中摸, 摸索 tip off to give an advance warning or hint to暗示, 警告,因倾斜而使掉下来 goody n. something attractive or delectable, especially something sweet to eat 特别吸引人的东西, 美味的食品 puddle n. a small pool of liquid水坑; (尤指道路上的)雨水坑 ketchup n. a thick cold red sauce made from tomatoes, used for giving a pleasant taste to food番茄酱 flail v. to (cause something to) wave or swing about wildly鞭打;抽打 maneuver n. skillful or careful movement策略 rear a. of the back part后面的;后部的

综合英语教程第一册Unit1 课件

上课 时间 上课节次课型Required Course 课题Unit 1 My first Job 教学目的1. Functions: greetings &farewells 2. Grammatical points: this/that be + n. or adj. 3. Vocabulary: run, offer, except for, figure, promote, you’d better, how about, as far as … is concerned, take a day off, bring in, beam 教学 方法 Classroom Instruction讲授、问答、讨论、模仿、练习、任务型教学活动 重点难点1. Practice different ways of greeting and introducing /identifying people 2. Learn to understand and talk about value system in western culture, such as team spirit and royalty, through reading, discussion and task-based activities. 时间分配教学内容 板书或课件版面 设计 2 periods Part I Listening and Speaking Activities Step 1 warming-up exercises 1.Duty report Ask the student talk about his or her feelings towards college life. Step2 lead-in 1.bring a few pictures of my family to the class for teaching introduction. 2.explain my family name, given name and what you prefer to be called by my students. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8e15269265.html,ing pictures to teach “this is /that is” 4.ask students to play “a passing ball game” to practise these two sentences pattern. Step 3 Listening activity 1.practise the classroom English. 2.Have the students listen to the conversation twice. Work individually to answer the questions. 3.check the answers for the class. Step 4 Speaking activity Conversation 1 1.explain that friendly greetings can be followed by an offer of help: Hi, may I help you? 2.explain that possible responses may be: No. Thank you. I have been helped. I’m being helped. 3.explain the language in conversation one by using Useful Structures and Expressions. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8e15269265.html,anize reading aloud practice and correct pronunciation problems. 5.have students make a new conversation by using the substitutes word. 6.have some students present the conversation(s) they have made up. Conversation 2 1.explain the language in Conversation 2 2.have the students read aloud, check their pronunciation. 3.encourage the students to make a new conversation by using the substitutes. Notes Family name: the name shared by the members of a family Given name: the name given to a child by the child’s parents The train will be arriving at Shanghai: will +be +v-ing, the future continuous tense for a scheduled event which is coming soon It’s been nice talking to you: in American English, people also use It’s been nice to talk to you. Have a happy landing: a farewell used only to people who are going to make a plane trip 、 管 路 敷 设 技 术 通 过 管 线 敷 设 技 术 不 仅 可 以 解 决 吊 顶 层 配 置 不 规 范 高 中 资 料 试 卷 问 题 , 而 且 可 保 障 各 类 管 路 习 题 到 位 。 在 管 路 敷 设 过 程 中 , 要 加 强 看 护 关 于 管 路 高 中 资 料 试 卷 连 接 管 口 处 理 高 中 资 料 试 卷 弯 扁 度 固 定 盒 位 置 保 护 层 防 腐 跨 接 地 线 弯 曲 半 径 标 高 等 , 要 求 技 术 交 底 。 管 线 敷 设 技 术 中 包 含 线 槽 、 管 架 等 多 项 方 式 , 为 解 决 高 中 语 文 电 气 课 件 中 管 壁 薄 、 接 口 不 严 等 问 题 , 合 理 利 用 管 线 敷 设 技 术 。 线 缆 敷 设 原 则 : 在 分 线 盒 处 , 当 不 同 电 压 回 路 交 叉 时 , 应 采 用 金 属 隔 板 进 行 隔 开 处 理 ; 同 一 线 槽 内 , 强 电 回 路 须 同 时 切 断 习 题 电 源 , 线 缆 敷 设 完 毕 , 要 进 行 检 查 和 检 测 处 理 。 、 电 气 课 件 中 调 试 对 全 部 高 中 资 料 试 卷 电 气 设 备 , 在 安 装 过 程 中 以 及 安 装 结 束 后 进 行 高 中 资 料 试 卷 调 整 试 验 ; 通 电 检 查 所 有 设 备 高 中 资 料 试 卷 相 互 作 用 与 相 互 关 系 , 根 据 生 产 工 艺 高 中 资 料 试 卷 要 求 , 对 电 气 设 备 进 行 空 载 与 带 负 荷 下 高 中 资 料 试 卷 调 控 试 验 ; 对 设 备 进 行 调 整 使 其 在 正 常 工 况 下 与 过 度 工 作 下 都 可 以 正 常 工 作 ; 对 于 继 电 保 护 进 行 整 核 对 定 值 , 审 核 与 校 对 图 纸 , 编 写 复 杂 设 备 与 装 置 高 中 资 料 试 卷 调 试 方 案 , 编 写 重 要 设 备 高 中 资 料 试 卷 试 验 方 案 以 及 系 统 启 动 方 案 ; 对 整 套 启 动 过 程 中 高 中 资 料 试 卷 电 气 设 备 进 行 调 试 工 作 并 且 进 行 过 关 运 行 高 中 资 料 试 卷 技 术 指 导 。 对 于 调 试 过 程 中 高 中 资 料 试 卷 技 术 问 题 , 作 为 调 试 人 员 , 需 要 在 事 前 掌 握 图 纸 资 料 、 设 备 制 造 厂 家 出 具 高 中 资 料 试 卷 试 验 报 告 与 相 关 技 术 资 料 , 并 且 了 解 现 场 设 备 高 中 资 料 试 卷 布 置 情 况 与 有 关 高 中 资 料 试 卷 电 气 系 统 接 线 等 情 况 , 然 后 根 据 规 范 与 规 程 规 定 , 制 定 设 备 调 试 高 中 资 料 试 卷 方 案 。 、 电 气 设 备 调 试 高 中 资 料 试 卷 技 术 电 力 保 护 装 置 调 试 技 术 , 电 力 保 护 高 中 资 料 试 卷 配 置 技 术 是 指 机 组 在 进 行 继 电 保 护 高 中 资 料 试 卷 总 体 配 置 时 , 需 要 在 最 大 限 度 内 来 确 保 机 组 高 中 资 料 试 卷 安 全 , 并 且 尽 可 能 地 缩 小 故 障 高 中 资 料 试 卷 破 坏 范 围 , 或 者 对 某 些 异 常 高 中 资 料 试 卷 工 况 进 行 自 动 处 理 , 尤 其 要 避 免 错 误 高 中 资 料 试 卷 保 护 装 置 动 作 , 并 且 拒 绝 动 作 , 来 避 免 不 必 要 高 中 资 料 试 卷 突 然 停 机 。 因 此 , 电 力 高 中 资 料 试 卷 保 护 装 置 调 试 技 术 , 要 求 电 力 保 护 装 置 做 到 准 确 灵 活 。 对 于 差 动 保 护 装 置 高 中 资 料 试 卷 调 试 技 术 是 指 发 电 机 一 变 压 器 组 在 发 生 内 部 故 障 时 , 需 要 进 行 外 部 电 源 高 中 资 料 试 卷 切 除 从 而 采 用 高 中 资 料 试 卷 主 要 保 护 装 置 。

大学英语自学教程(上)

大学英语自学教程(上) 01-A. How to be a successful language learner? “Learning a language is easy, even a child can do it!” Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement. For them, learning a language is a very difficult task. They need hundreds of hours of study and practice, and even this will not guarantee success for every adult language learner. Language learning is different from other kinds of learning. Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning. Conversely, some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields. Language teachers often offer advice to language learners: “Read as much as you can in the new language.”“Practice speaking the language every day. ”“Live with people who speak the language.”“Don’t translate-try to think in the new language.”“Learn as a child would learn; play with the language.” But what does a successful language learner do? Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways. First of all, successful language learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher; they discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions. When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try to learn from their mistakes. Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say

新世纪英语专业_综合教程2_(何兆熊)核心词汇_unit3

核心词汇 stroke n. ○1意外的一桩(幸事、运气或不幸)○2中风○3笔划○4抚摸○5v.抚摸 【例句】In a stroke of luck, a suitable organ donor became available. 运气的话也会有合适的器官捐献者。 Various strokes of misfortune led to his ruin. 遭诸多不幸使他一蹶不振。 The funeral of Mr. Whitelaw, who died of a stroke, will go ahead as planned today. 怀特劳先生死于中 风,他的葬礼按计划今天举行。 The character“繁”has too many strokes and children find it very difficult to write. “繁”这个字笔画太 多,孩子们觉得很难写。 Cats like being stroked. 猫喜欢让人抚摸。 collide vi.○1互撞,碰撞○2严重冲突,抵触 【例句】The two planes collided with each other in midair and over 100 people were killed. 两班飞机在空中相撞, 一百多人丧生。 I ran around the corner, and almost collided with Mrs Laurence.

我从拐角跑过去,差点与劳伦斯夫人撞上了。 The President has again collided with Congress over his budget plans. 总统在他的预算计划上又与国会意见冲突了。【派生】collision n.碰撞,互撞;冲突 insist v.○1坚决要求○2坚决认为,宣称 【例句】The victim’s relatives insisted on immediate repayment. 受害者亲属要求立即得到偿还。 The man insisted on helping me find a taxi even though I told him I didn’t need any help.即便我说了我不需要 帮助,那人还是坚持要帮助我找一辆的士。 My parents insist we (should) report the matter to the police right away. 我父母坚持要我们立即把此事向警方报告。 The suspect insisted on his innocence. 犯罪嫌疑人坚持说自己是无罪的。 【搭配】insist on one’s idea 坚持自己的观点insist on doing sth. 坚持(要)做某事 insist + that clause 坚持,坚决要求… 【辨析】persist in doing sth. 坚持/持续做某事, 表示持之以恒做某事、固执、不放弃;而insist on doing sth 却

全新版大学英语综合教程2课文原文及翻译

One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later. However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon). But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?

大学综合英语教程1第1到10单元课后题附带翻译题解析

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