大学跨文化英语 综合教程I Unit 3 Breaking Stereotypes 课后习题参考答案

Text A

Reading Comprehension

1.1) Japanese women are submissive, ?irtatious and accommodating.

2) She was impressed by their strength and independence.

3) Because Mrs. Okano regarded herself as a typical Japanese woman. There was nothing

unusual about her.

4) The fact that typical American women were not at all what she had thought about “liberated”

American women shocked Mrs. Okano.

5) She meant that the author could enjoy more freedom and be more independent in Japan

2. 1) D 2) C 3) A 4) G 5) E 6) F 7) B

3. 1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) T 6) F

4. 1) A 2) B 3) B 4) B

Language Practice

1. 1) financial

译文：事实上，信用卡不需要任何成本，并可以帮助你度过经济困难时期。

2) unaware

译文：“处在暗处”的意思是你不知道正在发生什么。

3) characterized

译文：两家公司都认为彼此之间关系友好。

4) ridiculous

译文：当我第一次在那些电视连续剧中看到这样荒唐可笑的故事时确实非常吃惊。

5) Typical

译文：网上超市的典型用户包括年纪大的、工作时间长的以及没有私家车的人。

6) shocked

译文：迈克尔·杰克逊的粉丝说当听到他突然离世的消息时非常震惊也非常悲伤。

7) purchase

译文：请先在那里付账，然后回来取你购买的物品。

8) compromising

译文：对我们而言，透露那个消息而不损害国家的安全，这是不可能的。

9) comfort

译文：当得知苏姗考试失败的消息时，她的朋友们都极力地安慰她。

10) conceal

译文：他对我来说是完全陌生的，但是我必须承认的一个事实是他那天的发言非常精采。

11) remind

译文：假如我忘了，请提醒我遵守诺言。

12) submissive

译文：那些调皮的孩子在校长面前很安静，很听话。

13) confused

译文：对这件事他感到很困惑，所以他打电话到公司询问清楚。

14) approached

译文：秋天临近，花园中的草木和颜色也发生了变化。

15) sympathy

译文：他们对遭受了洪灾的村民表示极大的同情。

13) confused

译文：对这件事他感到很困惑，所以他打电话到公司询问清楚。

14) approached

译文：秋天临近，花园中的草木和颜色也发生了变化。

15) sympathy

译文：他们对遭受了洪灾的村民表示极大的同情。

2. 1) A large number of educated Greeks followed Alexander admiringly.

2) “Welcome back!” She beamed at her stud ents returning from a China-Canada student

exchange program.

3) Many psychologists characterize emotions as complex psycho-physiological processes.

4) This plan was made without consulting the new dean first.

5) Th ey won’t hire me, because I insist on using the best material for the new product.

(insist on)

6) Trough these programs we will be able to fnd out problems and take actions without

hesitation.

7) Curz could hardly conceal his pride while his daughter was giving her commencement

speech.

8) She worried that the lack of fi nancial support would compromise her children’s

education.

9) She seems less accommodating to her boss than she used to be.

10) His ideal wife is one who is quiet and submissive.

3. 1) for exchange ... for ... 兑换

2) to deliver ... to 递送

3) to respond to 回答

4) by be characterized by 以……为特征

5) of remind sb. of 提醒某人

4. 1) preview 预览

2) forecast 预告

3) Mid-Autumn 中秋的

4) refreshed 使恢复精力，使振作

5) postgraduate 研究生的

6) postindustrial 后工业的

7) foretold 预言

8) prehistory 史前时期

5. 注解：本单元的语法知识是同位语从句。

同位语从句指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句，对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明。这些抽象名词通常是news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words，possibility等。同位语从句的引导词包括连词that/whether，连接代词what/who等，连接副词how/when/where等(注：if/which不能引导同位语从句)。本单元主要学习由that引导的同位语从句。that只起连接作用，无实义。

练习中互为同位语的词和句分别是

1) Early in the day came the news that Germany had started a war on Russia.

2) He fnally learned the fact that the students who will be most successful are those who have

read extensively.

3) Several years later, word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them．

4) The event that Netherlands has declared same-sex marriages legal grabbed the headlines

worldwide.

5) I’m ?ying high today af ter hearing the news that J. K. Rowling, the author of Harry Potter,

will speak at Harvard University this June.

6. 1) He accepted the job over without hesitation.

2) When we have no clue about a new city, we should not hurry to judge it.

3) Hangzhou impresses people not only by its scenery and cuisine but also by its relaxed

lifestyle.

4) He exchanged some RMB for U.S. dollars before setting o? for his holiday in Hawaii.

5) Even as a prisoner, he still insisted on being treated with due respect.

Text B

Reading Comprehension

1. 1) YES 2) YES 3) YES 4) NG 5) NO

2. 1) A, D 2) E 3) A, B 4) C 5) D

Translation

当我们将一个人视为其所属群体的特例时，我们在无意之中暴露了我们的刻板印象。事实上，我们甚至加深了刻板印象，因为把不符合我们刻板印象的个人视为不同寻常，并没有使我们对其所属群体的看法发生变化。我们所做的只是把这个“特例”从那个群体中剔除罢了。

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观光者们在温泉胜地尽情享受温泉浴。 10.I enjoy going to a hot spring once a year. 我喜欢一年去洗一次温泉澡。 11.This is a hot spring credited with miraculous curative powers. 这是被认为具有奇特治疗功能的温泉。 12.She tried the baths there for an internal malady. 她到那儿洗温泉对她的内科病实行浴疗。 13.I hear sick people go to hot springs for the curative waters. 我听说病人因为泉水可治病而去洗温泉。

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When she was reading "Puss in Boots," for instance, it was impossible not to know that she distrusted all cats. 作家起步时 我从两三岁起就知道，家中随便在哪个房间里，白天无论在什么时间，都可以念书或听人念书。母亲念书给我听。上午她都在那间大卧室里给我念，两人一起坐在她那把摇椅里，我们摇晃时，椅子发出有节奏的滴答声，好像有只唧唧鸣叫的蟋蟀在伴着读故事。冬日午后，她常在餐厅里烧着煤炭的炉火前给我念，布谷鸟自鸣钟发出“咕咕”声时，故事便结束了；晚上我在自己床上睡下后她也给我念。想必我是不让她有一刻清静。有时她在厨房里一边坐着搅制黄油一边给我念，故事情节就随着搅制黄油发出的抽抽搭搭的声响不断展开。我的奢望是她念我来搅拌；有一次她满足了我的愿望，可是我要听的故事她念完了，她要的黄油我却还没弄好。她念起故事来富有表情。比如，她念《穿靴子的猫》时，你就没法不相信她对猫一概怀疑。 2 It had been startling and disappointing to me to find out that story books had been written by people, that books were not natural wonders, coming up of themselves like grass. Yet regardless of where they came from, I cannot remember a time when I was not in love with them —with the books themselves, cover and binding and the paper they were printed on, with their smell and their weight and with their possession in my arms, captured and carried off to myself. Still illiterate, I was ready for them, committed to all the reading I could give them. 当我得知故事书原来是人写出来的，书本原来不是什么大自然的奇迹，不像草那样自生自长时，真是又震惊又失望。不过，姑且不论书本从何而来，我不记得自己有什么时候不爱书——书本本身、封面、装订、印着文字的书页，还有油墨味、那种沉甸甸的感觉，以及把书抱在怀里时那种将我征服、令我陶醉的感觉。还没识字，我就想读书了，一心想读所有的书。 3 Neither of my parents had come from homes that could afford to buy many books, but though it must have been something of a strain on his salary, as the youngest officer in a young insurance company, my father was all the while carefully selecting and ordering away for what he and Mother thought we children should grow up with. They bought first for the future . 我的父母都不是来自那种买得起许多书的家庭。然而，虽然买书准得花去他不少薪金，作为一家成立不久的保险公司最年轻的职员，父亲一直在精心挑选、不断订购他和母亲认为儿童成长应读的书。他们购书首先是为了我们的前程。 4 Besides the bookcase in the living room, which was always called "the library", there were the encyclopedia tables and dictionary stand under windows in our dining room. Here to help us grow up arguing around the dining room table were the Unabridged Webster, the Columbia Encyclopedia, Compton's Pictured Encyclopedia, the Lincoln Library of Information, and later the Book of Knowledge. In "the library", inside the bookcase were books I could soon begin on —and I did, reading them all alike and as they came, straight down their rows, top shelf to bottom. My mother read secondarily for information; she sank as a hedonist into novels. She read Dickens in the spirit in which she would have eloped with him. The novels of her girlhood that had stayed on in her imagination, besides those of Dickens and Scott and Robert Louis Stevenson, were Jane Eyre, Trilby, The Woman in White, Green Mansions, King Solomon's Mines. 除了客厅里有一向被称作“图书室”的书橱，餐厅的窗子下还有几张摆放百科全书的桌子和一个字典架。这里有伴随我们在餐桌旁争论着长大的《韦氏大词典》、《哥伦比亚百科全书》、《康普顿插图百科全书》、《林肯资料文库》，以及后来的《知识库》。“图书馆”书橱里的书没过多久我就能读了——我的确读了，全都读了，按着顺序，一排接着一排读，从最上面的书架一直读到最下面的书架。母亲读书最重要的不在获取信息。她是为了享受快乐而埋头读小说。她读狄更斯时的神情简直就像要跟他私奔似的。她少女时代读的小说印在了她心头的，除了狄更斯、司各特和罗伯特?路易斯?斯蒂文森等人的作品之外，还有《简?爱》、《切尔比》、《白衣女士》、《绿厦》和《所罗门王的矿藏》。 5 To both my parents I owe my early acquaintance with a beloved Mark Twain. There was a full set of Mark Twain and a short set of Ring Lardner in our bookcase, and those were the volumes that in time united us all, parents and children. 多亏了我的父母，我很早就接触了受人喜爱的马克?吐温。书橱里有一整套马克?吐温文集和一套不全的林?拉德纳作品集，这些书最终将父母和孩子联结在一起。 6 Reading everything that stood before me was how I came upon a worn old book that had belonged to my father as a child. It was called Sanford and Merton. Is there anyone left who recognizes it, I wonder? It is the famous moral tale written by Thomas Day in the 1780s, but of him no mention is made on the title page of this book; here it is Sanford and Merton in Words of One Syllable by Mary Godolphin. Here are the rich boy and the poor boy and Mr. Barlow, their teacher and interlocutor, in long discourses alternating with dramatic scenes —anger and rescue allotted to the rich and the poor respectively. It ends with not one but two morals, both engraved on rings: "Do what you ought, come what may," and "If we would be great, we must first learn to be good." 我一本接一本阅读摆在我面前的书，读着读着便发现一本又破又旧的书，是我父亲小时候的。书名是《桑福徳与默顿》。我不相信如今还有谁会记得这本书。那是托玛斯?戴在18世纪80年代撰写的一本著名的进行道德教育的故事书，可该书的扉页上并没有提及他；上面写的是《桑福徳与默顿简易本》，玛丽?戈多尔芬著。书中讲的是一个富孩子和一个穷孩子与他们老师巴洛先生之间的冗长的谈话，其间穿插着戏剧性场面——分别写了富孩子和穷孩子如何发火、如何获救。书末讲的道德寓意不是一条，而是两条，都印在环形图案里：“不管发生什么，该做的就去做”，还有“想做伟人，必须先学会做个好人”。 7 This book was lacking its front cover, the back held on by strips of pasted paper, now turned golden, in several layers, and the pages stained, flecked, and tattered around the edges; its garish illustrations had come unattached but were preserved, laid in. I had the feeling even in my heedless childhood that this was the only book my father as a little boy had had of his own. He had held onto it, and might have gone to sleep on its coverless face: he had lost his mother when he was seven. My father had never made any mention to his own children of the book, but he had brought it along with him from Ohio to our house and shelved it in our bookcase. 这本书没了封面，封底用几条纸片粘牢，有好几层，如今都泛黄了，书页上污迹斑斑，边角处都破碎了；书中花哨的插图脱了页，但都保存良好，夹在书里。即使在少不更事的童年，我就觉得那是我父亲小时候拥有的惟一一本书。他一直珍藏着这本书，或许还枕着这本没了封面的书睡觉：他7岁时就没了母亲。我父亲从来没跟自己的孩子提起过这本书，但他从俄亥俄一路把它带到我们的家，把它放进我们的书橱。 8 My mother had brought from West Virginia that set of Dickens: those books looked sad, too — they had been through fire and water before I was born, she told me, and there they were, lined up — as I later realized, waiting for me. 母亲则从西弗吉尼亚带来了那套狄更斯：那套书看上去也惨不忍睹——她告诉我，我还没出生，这些书就历经水火之灾，可现在它们还是整齐地排列在那儿——后来我意识到，是等着我去读。 9 I was presented, from as early as I can remember, with books of my own, which appeared on my birthday and Christmas morning. Indeed, my parents could not give me books enough. They must have sacrificed to give me on my sixth or seventh birthday — it was after I became a reader for myself-the ten-volume set of Our Wonder World. These were beautifully made, heavy books I would lie down with on the floor in front of the dining room hearth, and more often than the rest volume 5, Every Child's Story Book, was under my eyes. There were the fairy tales — Grimm, Andersen, the English, the French, "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves"; and there was Aesop and Reynard the Fox; there were the myths and legends, Robin Hood, King Arthur, and St. George and the Dragon, even the history of Joan of Arc; a whack of Pilgrim's Progress and a long piece of Gulliver. They all carried their classic illustrations. I located myself in these pages and could go straight to the stories and pictures I loved; very often "The Yellow Dwarf" was first choice, with Walter Crane's Yellow Dwarf in full color making his terrifying appearance flanked by turkeys. Now that volume is as worn and backless and hanging apart as my father's poor Sanford and Merton. One measure of my love for Our Wonder World was that for a long time I wondered if I would go through fire and water for it as my mother had done for Charles Dickens; and the only comfort was to think I could ask my mother to do it for me. 从记事起我就收到给自己的书了，那是在生日时，还有圣诞节早晨。我父母真的是送给我再多的书都嫌不够。在我6岁或7岁生日时——那是在我自己能读书之后——他们送我一套10卷本的《我们的神奇世界》，为此，准是作了不少牺牲。那套书真漂亮，厚厚的，我总是带