国际商务英语-名词解释

Lesson 1

Visible trade有形贸易: The fo rm of co mmodity trade, i.e. expo rting and impo rting goods produced o r manufactured in one country for consumptio n o r resale in another. (including cash transaction-by means of mo ney and market, and counter trade)

Invisible trade无形贸易: The fo rm of transportatio n, co mmunication, banking, insurance, consulting, informatio n etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.

FDI( foreign direct investments) is made of returns thro ugh co ntro lling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country.

Portfolio investment证券投资: Purchases of foreign financial assets fo r a purpose other than co ntrolling.

Stocks股票: Capital stocks or bo nds.

Bonds债券: The papers issued by a go vernment o r a firm with pro mise to pay back the mo ney lent o r invested to gether with interest.

Licensing许可经营: In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in ano ther co untry. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of ro yalty.

Franchising特许经营: a firm called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who pro vides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos, and operating techniques fo r ro yalty.

Franchiser特许方: A firm who pro vides the franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques fo r ro yalty.

Franchisee被特许方: A firm is allo wed to operate in the name of another.

Management contract管理合同: Under a management contract, one co mpany offers managerial or o ther specialized services to another within a particular period fo r a flat payment o r a percentage of the relevant business volume.

Turnkey project“交钥匙”工程: a firm signs a contract with a fo reign purchaser and undertakes all the designing , contracting and facility equipping befo re handing it o ver to the latter upo n co mpletion .

International investment国际投资: Supplying capital by residents of one co untry to another.

International business国际商务: Transaction between parties fro m different co untries. So metimes business across the borders of different custo ms areas of the same co untry is also regarded as import and export.

BOT is a popular variant of the turnke y project where B stands fo r build, O fo r operate and T for transfer. For a BOT project , a firm operate a facility fo r a period of time after bulding it up before finally transferring it to a foreign co mpany .

Lesson 2

GNP国民生产总值: Gross natio nal Product. The market value of goods and services produced b y the property and labo r owned by the residents of an econo my.

GDP国内生产总值: Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an econo my.

Per capita GDP人均国内生产总值: It is calculated by dividing its total GDP by its population, which reveals the average inco me level of co nsumers.

Income distribution收入分布: The proportions of its rich, middle inco me and poo r people.

capability at/in cost fo r/of at reasonable costs levied on take into account witho ut reference to (不针对) make effo rts to engage in

Lesson 3

Free trade area自由贸易区: The members remo ve barriers to trade amo ng themselves while still adopts each o wn external policy

Custo ms union关税同盟: The members remo ve barriers to trade amo ng themselves and adopt the same external policy Common market共同市场: The members remo ve barriers no t only to trade but also to factors of productio n and adopt the same external policy.

Economic Union (EU)经济同盟: The members remo ve barriers not o nly to trade but also to factors of production, adopt the same external policy and harmo nize their taxatio n, go vernment expenditure, industry policies and use the same currency.

Lesson 4

Parent MNC headquarter跨国公司母公司，总部is the o riginal investing multinatio nal corporation . It is also the international headquarters of the MNE .

MNC跨国公司=TNC: Multinational co rpo ratio n, are made up of vast numbers of foreign subsidiaries, co mpanies in which o v er 50 percent is owned by the parent co mpany.

MNE跨国企业:Multinational enterprise: A typical multinational enterprise shall be defined as a business o rganizatio n which o wns (whether wholly o r partly), controls and manages assets, often including productive resources, in more than one country, thro ugh its member co mpanies incorpo rated separately in each of these co untries. Each member co mpany is kno wn as a multinational co rpo ration.

Home county母国: The co untry where the headquarter of the investor is located.

Host country东道国: The host co untry is a fo reign co untry where the investo r operates.

Lesson 5

Absolute advantage绝对利益: I t holds that a co mmodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of reso urces (capital, land and labor)

Comparative advantage比较利益: Even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both co mmodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.

International trade国际贸易: The exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another sufficient.

Primary commodities：those co mmodities no t processed，or o nly slightly processed，usually farm produce o r raw materials.

Specialization专业化: To restrict o ne’s eco nomic activities to certain particular fields.

Lesson 6

Import duties进口关税: Tariffs levied on goods entering an area

Expo rt duties出口关税: Taxes levied on goods leaving an area

Tariff关税: A tax levied on a co mmodity when it crosses the bo undary of a custo m area.

Quo ta配额: A quo ta limits the imports or exports of a co mmodity during a given period of time. It is the most co mmo n form of non-tariff barriers.

Drawback退税: Duties paid on imported goods that are refunded if the goods are reexpo rted.

Most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment最惠国待遇: A tariff treatment under which a co untry is required to extend to all signato ries any tariff concessions granted to any participating co untry

Contract proper：the main body of a contract

Lesson 7

Incoterms国际贸易术语解释通则: It is a set of internatio nal rules for the interpretation of the most co mmo nly used trade terms in fo reign trade. Thus, the uncertainties of different interpretations of such terms in different countries can be av o ided o r at least reduced to a considerable degree.

Trade terms are terms used in internatio nal trade to describe the general information abo ut the trade, such as the un it price port of shipment, port of destination and the kind of currency.

Protectionism is a trade barrier to internatio nal trade fo r the purpose of pro tecting a nation’s own do mestic market and industries. It includes tariff barriers and no n-tariff barriers.

A multinational enterprise is a business organizatio n which owns, co ntrols and manages assets, in mo re than one country, thro ugh its member co mpanies incorpo rated.

Multi-model transportation:

Lesson 8

Inquiry / enquiry询盘、询价: It is made by the buyers to get info rmation abo ut the goods to be ordered such as quantity, specifications, prices, time of shipment and other terms.

Quo tatio n报盘: Estimate of ho w much so mething will cost

Counter offer还盘: New offer made by the original offeree to the original offerer

Offeree收盘人：

A first enquiry首次询价: An enquiry sent to an expo rter who m the importer has never dealt with

A contract一个合同: An agreement which sets fo rth binding obligations of the relevant parties

A firm offer 一个实盘: Statement that yo u are willing to pay a certain amo unt of mo ney to by so mething.

Force majeure不可抗力:is a default of the contract which is given rise to not because of the contracting parties’ default, but of the uncontrollable causes. One type of the cause is the natural fo rce and the other is socia l cause. Or social or natural calamities that take place bey o nd the co ntrol of a co ntracting party

Lesson 9

Hyperinflation极度通货膨胀is a kind of inflation in which the market prices are so aring quickly. The devaluation rate of the currency is astro nomical. The normal eco no mic activities are o ut of the order, and finally lead to the collapse of the whole mo netary system.

inflatio n :Rise in prices bro ught abo ut by the excess demand, expansion of money supply, credit etc

Devaluation贬值

Barter易货贸易: The direct exchange of goods and services, which is co mpleted in a short period of time.

Counter purchase反向购买、互购贸易: The assumptio n by an expo rter of a transferable obligation through separate but linked co ntract to accept as full o r partial payment goods and services fro m the importer or impo rting country.

Buyback回购贸易: An agreement b y an expo rter of plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the o utput produced by these goods as full or partial payment.

Lesson 10

Remittance 汇付: This method is always emplo yed by the parties who are familiar with and trust each other

Documentary draft跟单汇票: The draft is accompanied by the relevant documents.

Documentary collection跟单托收: It is means of ensuring that the goods are o nly handed o ver to the buyer when the amo unt shown o n a bill of exchange is paid or when the custo mer accepts the bill as a co ntract to pay by a specified date.

Payee收款人、领款人: The person receiving the payment.

Sight draft即期汇票: The draft calls fo r immediate payment on presentation to the drawee.

Usance draft远期汇票Term draft = Tenor draft: The draft is payable at a later date o n presentation to the drawee.

Draft汇票:= Bill of exchange. It is an unconditio nal o rder to a bank o r a custo mer to pay a sum of mo ney to someo ne o n demand or at a fixed time in the future.

Drawer出票人: The person who draws the draft (usually the exporter)

Drawee受票人: The person to who m the draft is drawn.

Clean draft光票: The draft witho ut documents

Lesson 11

Applicant (Opener o r Principal)申请人: The person who instructs his bank to issue an L/C. (the importer)

applicant of an L/C :The importer that goes to a bank fo r the establishment of an L/C

Opening bank (Issuing bank, Establishing bank)开证行: The bank that issues the credit.

Opening bank: the bank that issues the letter of credit is called the opening bank .

Beneficiary受益人:The expo rter in whose fav o r the credit is opened

Correspondent band往来行、关系行:The bank in the exporter’s co untry, which the opening bank sends the credit to it Advising bank通知行: The bank in the expo rter’s co untry, which advises the exporter the L/C, is received.

Confirming bank保兑行: The bank adds its confirmation to the credit.

The letter of Credit (L/C、L/C)信用证:The credit is a letter issued b y a bank at the request of the importer in which the bank pro mises to pay upo n presentatio n of the relevant documents.

Paying bank付款行: The bank accepts or nego tiates the bill of exchange.

Negotiating bank议付行: The bank buys the expo rter’s draft submitted to it under a credit.

Recipient: A person o r an o rganization etc. that receives so mething

World company: A multinatio nal co mpany whose natio nal identity has been blurred

Middleman trader: Person thro ugh who m goods pass between the producer and the consumer

Lesson 12

Clean credit光票信用证: credit o nly require clean draft, which isn’t acco mpanied with ship ping documents.

The documentary credit跟单信用证: The credits that require shipping documents to be presented together with the

draft.

Revocable credit可撤消信用证: The credits can be altered or even canceled without consulting with the beneficiary.

Irrevocable credit不可撤消信用证: The credit that can no t be amended o r rev o ked witho ut the consent of al the parties concerned.

Confirmed credit保兑信用证: The credit is co nfirmed b y a bank o ther than the issuing bank

Unconfirmed credit不保兑信用：The credit isn’t confirmed by another ban k

Sight credit即期信用证: The credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft

Usance credit (Term credit, Time credit)远期信用证:The credit by which payment canno t be made until a specific date o r a specific time after the date of after sight.

Transferable credit可转让信用证: The credit can be transferred by the original beneficiary to one o r mo re parties.

Non-transferable credit不可转让信用证: The credit can not be transferred.

Non-draft credit无汇票信用证: The credit that payment of to be made by presentation of th e documents without the formality of drawing and presenting a draft.

Revolving credit循环信用证: The credit stipulated that its amo unt can be renewed or reinstated without specific amendment to the credit being made.

Lesson 13

Commercial invo ice商业发票: The document is the general descriptio n of the quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price. The co ntents: Inv o ice number and the date; name and address of the buyer and the seller; contract number and credit number; description of the goods including name of the co mmodity, quantity, specifications, etc.; unit price, total price, price terms, and co mmissio n and discount if any; terms of delivery and terms of payment; packing, shipping marks, etc.; and seal or signature of the expo rter.

Legal ho lder合法持有人is an owner of a property who is entitled to it by law

Packing list装箱单: The documents gives info rmatio n such as the number, date, name and description of the goods, shipping marks, packing, number of packages, specific contents of each package and its net with and gross weight etc.

Straight bill of lading记名提单: It is made out so that only the named consignee is entitled to take delivery of the goods under the bill.

Lesson 14

Common carrier公共承运人: It is privately or publicly o wned co mpanies co mmitted to perfo rming a mo vement service of the same quality fo r all shippers on an equal basis and witho ut discriminatio n.

Contract carrier契约承运人:Individual co ntracts may be arranged between transportatio n users and carriers (the transportation co mpany).

Transportation and freight transportation运输和货物运输: In bro ad sense, transpo rtatio n is defined as mo vement of freight and passengers fro m one lo cation (place) to ano ther. In a fo rmal sense, freight transpo rtation is defined as the econ o mic mo vement of co mmodities and products and the effects of such mo vement o n the development and advancement of business.

Lesson 15

Insured被保险人，保户: The perso n who transfer risk.

Insurer承保人: The perso n or a co mpany who assume risk (the insurance co mpany, the underwriter).

premium：the amo unt paid by all insured for co verage under the contract

Known premium已知的保险费is the cost the insured should have to pay the insurance co mpany fo r the insured goods Cargo insurance货物保险: It is an activity aimed at mo ving the burden of risk fro m the sho ulders of the exports and impo rters, and placing it upon the sho ulders of specialist risk-bearing underwriters.

Marine insurance海上保险: The insurance of ships and their cargoes.

Insurance保险: It is a social device in which a gro up of individuals transfer risk and pro vides for payment of losses fro m funds contributed b y all members who transferred risk.

Lesson 16

Indemnity赔偿原则: A contract of insurance resto res a perso n who suffered a loss into the same position as he war in before the loss occurred.

Subrogate: subrogation i s of eno rmo us impo rtance in cargo insurance, the wo rd “Subro gate” means “to take the place of

another”.

Insurable interest可保利益: It holds that no one may insure anything unless he has and interest in it. (Which means that if the thing insured is preserved h e will derive a benefit form its preservation, but if it is any way damaged or lost the assured will be adversely affect.)

Principle of utmost good faith最大诚信原则：The people who decide what premium is fair fo r a particular co ver do so on the basis of written statements made in a proposal form.

Contribution分摊原则: It holds that a person cannot be allowed to insure twice fo r the same risk, and claim co mpensation fro m both insurers. If two policies do co ver the same event, the insurance co mpanies contribute pro rat a to the loss, and the insured is only resto red to the indemnity position.

Proximate cause of the loss近因原则: It means that when an insurance policy is made o ut to co v er a certain risk, a claim beco mes payable only if that risk occurred as the pro ximate (closest) cause of the loss suffered. The pro ximate cause is the direct cause of the loss.

Shortfall means the shortage of amo unt o r values of certain goods.

Lesson 17

Exchange rate汇率、兑换率: It refers to the price at which one currency can be exchange fo r anoth er currency.

Direct quote / quotation（汇率）直接标价: A direct exchange rate is the price of a foreign currency in terms of the ho me currenc y. 1美元=6.8元外币为基准

Indirect quo te / quo tation（汇率）间接标价: An indirect exchange rate is the price of ho me currency in terms of a fo reign currenc y.

Buying rate买入价: It refers to the rate by which a co mmercial bank buy s a currency.

Selling rate卖出价: It is the rate by which a bank sells a currency.

Medial rate中间价It is the average of the buying rate and the selling rate.

SDR特别提款权: Special Drawing Right. I t is so metimes called paper go ld and used to settle official transactio n at the IMF.

Lesson 19

Greenfield strategy绿地战略: Building new enterprises on land bo ught or leased in a fo reign country

Acquisition并购: Purchasing existing facilities is known as acquisition. It does not have to start fro m scratch and face the difficulties in the greenfield strategy. But it has to take responsibilities for all the liabilities of the purchased firm, a nd deal with existing problems in management, labor relatio ns, enviro nmental protectio n obligations etc.

Joint venture: A joint venture is an independent business entity founded and o wned by two o r mo re partners called parents. The proportio ns of ownership between the partners may be equal or unequal depending o n their respective investments that are mostly in the fo rm of capital but may also be in land, equipment, o r intellectual property.

Lesson 21

Most-favored nation treatment最惠国: A treatment under which a co untry is required to extend to all signato ries any tariff co ncessio ns granted to any participating co untry.

GSP普惠制Generalized System of Preferences:Under the system, developed countries grant developing countries favo rable lo wer tariffs witho ut granting them to developed members. And the developing co un tries do not have to reciprocate such fav o rable treatment to the developed countries. So the GSP is an important exception to the non-discriminatio n principle of MFN.

Anti-dumping反倾销: to restrict the export expansion of other co untries。

Intellectual property

Gold reserves

Dirty flo at肮脏浮动、管理浮动

International licensing

Tariff concession list: It refers to the list of co mmodities o n which the deduced tariff rate is stipulated

Compound duty: a type of tariff levied acco rding bo th the amo unts and the prices of the co mmodities.

Custo ms cleance: as to custo ms clearance, fo r ordinary impo rted goods, the custo ms will sign on the shipping documents to release the goods. But for so me particular duty –free goods or bo nded goods, the custo ms still have control o ver it after the consignee acknowledged the receipt of shipment

Insurance is a social device in which a group of individuals transfer risk and pro vide a payment of losses fro m funds contributed by all members who transferred risk. Insurance is a risk transfer mechanism. Those who transfer risk are called insured. Those who assume risk are called insurers.

Standby arrangements That’s the standby credit arrangement given by IMF to its member co untries.

Escape clause I t’s a clause of contemporary canceling of the pr eferential tariff when so me do mestic industries are damaged because in bilateral and multilateral negotiations and agreements there are excessive importing co mmodities that enjo y the deduction of tariff and other trade allo wance for the contracting parties .

Non-trade settlement mainly means the settlement which o ccurs not because of trade between the trading parties, but of the o ther reasons such as the go vernment agreement.

Intermediate products are products which are not the same as the raw materials o r as the finished goods. They can be called semi-finished products.

Counter trade is the generic terms to describe a set of cross border contracts which link a seller’s expo rts to impo rts fro m the buyer.

Intra-MNE transfer refers to the transfer amo ng the different units within the range and under the co ntrol of MNC Fair trade refers to the trade co nducted by two parties on the equal treatment.

Consular visa is a visa signed by o ne country’s co nsul in ano ther co untry when the visaed subject is about to go th ro ugh the custo ms between these two countries.

Contribution: A perso n can no t be allo wed to insure twice fo r the same risk, and claim co mpensation fro m bo th insurers. If two policies do co ver the same event the insurance co mpanies contribute pro rata to th e loss, and the insured is only resto red to the indemnity position.

The most favoured nation clause: It is most effective method to av o id the damage by bilateral talks to the world trade. Countries can auto matically enjo y the favo rable tariffs given b y th e relevant co untries to the other co untries.

Consignment trade is a kind of trade in which the seller ships his goods abroad , and his agent in that country will sell the goods for him , and the title to the goods still belongs to the seller befo re the goods are sold .

Productivity is a ratio figure which indicates ho w much inputs sho uld be needed to produce the goods. It is a sensitive index to measure the econo mic gro wth of one industry o r of one natio n

Group of 77:It’s a gro up initiated by so me countr ies in Asia , Africa and Latin America in order to maintain their interests and pro test the deprivatio n of the imperialist countries. At present, the gro up of 77 co untries has expanded to include mo re than 100 countries and regions

IDA refers to the international Development association established in 1960 to pro vide financial assistance primarily in the poorer developing co untries and o n terms that wo uld bear less heavily o n their balance of payments.

Transportation deregulation has remo ved the shackles of control; bo th shippers and carriers are free to nego tiate the best rate and service packages to meet the needs of both parties.

Clearing system is a go vernment agreement where the trade balance is finalized b y accounting and offsetting the debts and credits between two co untries

Trading practices are widely-ackno wledged customary deeds experienced fro m actual trade.

Secondary capital market is the market where the issued securites are traded, it includes the stock exchange and the o v er-the –co unter market.

World Bank group, it is a co mplex institutio ns co mposed of IBRD, IDA, IFC and MIGA, with the main purpose of helping raise standards of living in developing countries by channeling financial resources to them fro m developed co untries.

Claims are activities for the insured to get co mpensatio n fro m the insurer according to the insurance policy fo r the insured , also damaged subject .

Balance of payments: it is a statement of the total payments to the total receipts fro m foreitn co untries

Transfer techno logy:it means the activity that technology suppliers transfer the technolo gies of productio n, management and marketing to the recei vers in any proper way . The pure expo rt of goods is not within this range.

国际商务英语课文电子版lesson (10)

Lesson10 International Payment Generally speaking, it is not very difficult for buyers and sellers in domestic trade to get to know each other’s financial status and other information, and payment is likely to be made in a straightforward manner, say（for example）by remittance or by debiting the debtor’s account. In international trade, however, things are far more complicated. Purchase and sale of goods and services are carried out beyond national boundaries, which make it rather

difficult for the parties concerned in the transaction to get adequate information about each other’s financial standing and creditworthiness (资信；信誉). Therefore, mutual trust is hard to build. Both the exporter and importer face risks as there is always the possibility that the other party may not fulfill the contract. For the exporter there is the risk of buyer default（不按期付款）. The importer might fail to pay in full for the goods. He might go bankrupt.

国际商务英语 初级 试卷及参考答案

★绝密·考试前严禁任何人翻阅 全国外经贸从业人员考试 国际商务英语等级考试（初级） 试题册 考试时间：2014年5月31日 09:30-11:30 ※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※ 考生姓名： 准考证号： 考点（考区）： 注意事项 一、考生将姓名、身份证号、考试项目、考点（考区）、准考证号填涂在试题册及答题卡（答 题纸）相应位置。 二、考生在规定考试时间内做完试题册上的试题，并将答案填涂在答题卡（答题纸）相应位 置，写在试题册上的答案一律无效。全部答题时间为120分钟。 三、考生在答题卡上作答时，切忌超出答题区域。如因超出区域作答导致答题卡失效，由考 生个人负责。客观题按题号顺序进行填涂，主观题在每题左上角写清题号按顺序作答。 凡因题号不清导致考试成绩有误，由考生个人负责。 四、考生不得将试题册、答题卡（答题纸）带出考场。考试结束，监考员收卷后考生方可离 开考场。 五、考生注意对自己的答案保密。若被抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。

★请将答案写在答题卡上，答案写在试卷上无效。 一、客观题（本大题有60小题，每小题1分，共60分） [1-20] Listening: 20%（听力，20分） Section A Directions: Listen to the following dialogue and choose the correct word or words to fill each gap from A,B,C or D. This section accounts for 5 points. Each question will be read twice. Mike: It would be nice to see you again, Mary. Are you free on Sunday evening? Mary: I’ m sorry, I’m not. I’ve got to visit my aunt 1 . Mike: Oh, that’s a pity. Monday’s difficult for me. What about Tuesday evening? Mart: Tuesday’s bad for me as well. I’ve got to go to a meeting. Mike: Wednesday then? Mary: No, Wednesday’s out for me, I’m afraid. I’ve got to 2 and do some work. I really must. Mike: Oh, that’s a shame. Well, I can’t 3 Thursday. What about Friday? Mary: I’m 4 sorry. I’ve got to go out for dinner on Friday. Mike: Have you got to? Can’t you get out of it? Mary: I’m afraid not. I’ve simply got to go. Mike: Well, it looks as if we’ll have to wait till next week then. Mary: Yes, I’m sorry, Mike. Look, I must go now. I have to meet Lisa in ten minutes. Ring me next week 5 . Mike: Fine. Try and keep an evening free for me. 1．A. in the hospital B. in hospital C. in hotel D. in hostel 2．A. stay in B. staying C. stay D. sleep 3．A. make that B. make this C. make D. make it 4．A. outright B. awfully C. really D. totally 5．A. some time B. sometimes C. sometime D. some times Section B Directions: Listen to the following passage and choose the correct word or words to fill each gap from A,B,C or D. This section accounts for 5 points. Each question will be read twice. For international investors, the decision to invest in a foreign country, whether to establish or 6 a plant or a sales network, or to purchase stocks or bonds, is a difficult one. Before they make the decision to invest abroad, international investors will have to make sure that the

国际商务英语试题(一)

广东外语外贸大学公开学院辅导资料 国际商务英语试卷（一） 课程代码：05844 I. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese （10%） 1.International business 2.GDP 3.Free trade area 4.Multinational corporation 5.Specialization 6.specific duty 7.roll on roll off 8.EDI 9.article number 10.auction Ⅱ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English （10%） 11.返倾销 12.最惠国条款 13.贴现 14.充分就业 15.保兑信用证 16.零库存 17.代位，取代 18.保护主义 19.免除条款（豁免条款） 20.证券交易所 Ⅲ.Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right （10%） 21.contracting party a. amount above what is estimated as necessary 22.gilts b. a business concern owned or controlled in whole or in part by another concern 23.cyclical c. recurring in cycles 24.affiliate d. stocks issued by government 25.legal action e. an action taken against some one in accordance with the law. 26.margin f. a country or firm that signs a legal agreement 27.pooling g. a trace of land including its buildings 28.verified data h. a set of international rules for the interpretation of

关于自考05844国际商务英语课文必考词汇短语

Transaction 交易customs area 关税区 in compliance with 遵从conversion 货币兑换visible trade 有形贸易resale 转售 gross domestic product国内生产总值invisible trade 无形贸易for short 缩写为account for 占…比例headquarters 总部trap 陷阱，圈套 portfolio investment 证券投资stocks 股票 bonds 债券maturity （票据等）到期，到期日certificate of deposit 大额存单licensing许可经营 franchising 特许经营trademark 商标 advisable 可行的patent 专利royalty 专利使用费；copyright 版税licensor 给予许可的人 licensee 接受许可的人franchiser 给予特许的人franchisee 接受特许的人logo 标志；标记management contract 管理合同 expertise 专门知识bonus 红利；津贴；奖金 flat 一律的，无变动的value chain 价值链 contract manufacturing 承包工程 turnkey project “交钥匙”工程clue 线索 BOT（Build，Operate，Transfer）建设经营移交stand for 代表variant 变形/体potential 潜力national income 国民收入bulk 大量的；大宗的 GNP 国民生产总值per capita income 人均收入PPP 购买力平价consumerism 消费，消费主义income distribution 收入分布 Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作与发展组织 infra structure 基础设施Commonwealth of Independent States 独立国家联合体 staple goods 大路货tap 开发hemisphere 半球observation（经观察而得到的）看法haven 避风港；安全之地spur 促进creditor country 债权国proximity 临近ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟witness 亲历economic integration 经济一体化liberalize 使自由put up barriers 设置障碍fall under分成几部分free trade area自由贸易区tariff rates 关税税率NAFTA 北美自由贸易协定customs union 关税同盟detour 迂回；绕行common market 共同市场adoption 使用，采用euro 欧元erode 侵蚀autonomy 自治sovereign state 主权国家political entity 政治实体set the stage of 为、、做准备；促成monumental 重要的，有纪念意义的landmark 地标；里程碑signatory 签字国；签字人settlement 结算banknotes 纸币；钞票circulation货币流通executive body 行政机构，执行机构European Commission欧盟委员会veto 否决commissioner 委员，特派员，专员council of ministers 部长理事会empower 授予权力 multi-polarization 多极化tenet 原则；宗旨Dual-Ministerial Meeting 双部长会议 cartel 卡特尔，联盟OPEC 石油输出国组织 globalization 全球化frequency 频繁，频率 interactive 相互作用的element 要素；组成成分；元 素value 价值观acclaim 欢呼；欢迎；喝彩 adverse 不利的；反对的controversial 引起争议的 instrumental 有作用的internationalization 国际化 facilities 设施；设备；工具label 把称为；把归类 employ 用；使用assets 资产incorporate 吸收；合并 purpot 声称；自称headquarters 总部 international economic environment国际经济环境 double digit 两位数字survival 继续生存 embark（on）开始；从事gigantic 庞大的；巨大的 intervene 干预；干涉technical improvements 技术进 步derivation 获得day-to-day running 日常管理 decentralize 分散；放下（权利）wield 操控；控制 jurisdiction 权利；管理范围vehicle 工具；手段 delegate power to…对、、、授权affiliate 分支机构； 附属机构mover 原动力，推动力define 下定义 services 劳务distri natural resources 自然资源 abundant 丰富的scarce缺少，缺乏primary commodities 初级产品incentive 刺激 specialization 专业化constitute 构成，形成remainder 剩余的，余数hold 认为in terms of 在…方面 illustrate 说明table 表格，图表assume 假设 efficient 有效的，效率高的occur 发生，产生law 规 则，法则even if 即使disadvantage 不利with respect to 关exploit 利用，开发static 静止的 endowment of nature 自然的赋予up-to-date 现代的， 新式的intuitive 直觉的，直观的appeal 吸引力 absolute adantage 绝对利益comparative advantage 比较利益strategic 战略的reduce 减少bulky 笨 重的，庞大的perishable 易碎的protectionist 保护主 义的barrier障碍typical 典型的tariffs 关税 quota 配额levy 征收，收取coincide 巧合；偶合 customs union 关税联盟import duties 进口关税 export duties 出口关税ad valorem 按价；从价 specific 从量的compound duties 复税，混合关税 drawback 退税refund 偿还；退还 most-favoured-nation（MFN）treatment 最惠国待遇 signatory 签字国concession让步tariff schedule 税率 表；税则non-tariff barrier 非关税壁垒impose 加强 unilaterally 单方面地label 标签，标记，标号 voluntary 自动的，主动的forthcoming 即将到来的 meaning of transport 运输工具inland water vessels 内 河船只maritime 海洋的cargo compartment 货仓 charter租fleet 舰队insurance保险 vulnerable 脆弱的collision 碰撞pilferage 偷窃 explosion 爆炸place of historical interest 古迹 accommodations 膳宿供应immigrant 移民 remittance 汇款undertake 承担 climate 环境气氛；风气degenerate 变坏；衰退 deal 交易draw up 制定；拟就respective 各 自的；分别的subsequent 随后的，后来的 interpretation 解释；说明trade terms 贸易术语； 交易条件trading practices 贸易惯例 litigation 诉讼，诉争entail 使人承担；使成为必要 amendment 修正案；修正条款 addition 增加部分revise 修正；修改 unitization 使成为一个单位maritime 海的；海上的 consolidate 统一，合并render使得；使成为 negotiable 可转让的；可流通的vital 极其重要的， 必不可少的whereby 凭借那个，借以premises 生产 场所；经营场所disposal 处理departure 离开，启程， 出发quay 码头substantive 实质性的 set forth 陈述；阐明binding 有约束力的 enforceable可实施的sue起诉trade fairs 商品交易 会trunk call 长途电话enquiry 询盘；询价 quotation 报价voluntarily 主动地，自愿地 indispensable 必不可少的validity period 有效期 offer还盘unbinding 无约束力的invalid 无 效的sales contract 销售合同 sales （purchase）confirmation 售货（购货）确认书 setting up 构成，结构，格式consignment 寄售 contracting parties 缔约方force majeure不可抗力 arbitration 仲裁cotton piece good 棉布 cotton yarns 棉纱hereby 于此hereunder 于下 article number 货号yard 码overleaf 反面 bleached 漂白的counter trade 对销贸易；反对贸易 allegedly被说成；据说phenomenon 现象 terminology 术语generic 总称的 net positions 实际寸头adduce 引证 empirical 以经验为根据的reciprocal 互惠的；互相 hyperinflation极度通货膨胀literally 照字地 disarray 混乱conceptually 概念上地European Payment Union 欧洲支付联盟pre-specify 预先说明 competitive devaluation 竞争性贬值in essence 实质上的intertemporal 不同时的be tied to 固定于 photocopying machine 复印机 intriguing引起兴趣的，有迷惑力的concurrently 同时 发生的 a fraction of一点儿；一部分 verify 一部分sophisticated 经验丰富的bypass 避开；置、、、于不顾expertise 专门知识leverage 杠杆 作用tap 开发；开辟conceal 掩盖；隐藏 perpetuate 使永久存在processing trade 加工贸易 consignment 寄售赁agency 代理domestic 国内的

国际商务英语课文电子版lesson (21)

Lesson 21 WTO and China After 15 long years of hard negotiations, China became a formal member of the World Trade Organization on Dec. 11, 2001. People may wonder whether it pays(值得be worthwhile) for China to devote such a lot of time and efforts for accession to加入the organization. So some knowledge about the WTO as well as the opportunities it provides and the challenges it poses to China is

quite necessary. The origin of the WTO can be traced back to(date back) the early post World War II years. To guard against the threat of trade wars, major trading nations sent their representatives to Havana in 1947 to create an International Trade Organization for the promotion of international trade. That objective was, however, not realized for controversy（争议）over the extensiveness of the powers of the proposed ITO（拟成立的ITO）（这一目标由于对拟成立的ITO

新编国际商务英语函电课后习题句子翻译

（五）：1、As you will see in our price list,we have offered very competitive prices,supplying you our best quality goods.We solicit that you will favor us with your orders,which shall always have our best attention.贵公司将会从我方价格表中看到，我方向贵公司提供了价廉物美的商品。敬请贵公司向我方订货，我方会精心关照。 2、We should very much like to help you in thismatter,but we have already cut our prices down to the absolute minimum.We think you will find that our competitors are offering a product of cousiderably lower quality in order to compete at this price.我们很乐意帮助你们，但是我们已将价格降到最低限度。你们将会发现：本公司的竞争者是在以大幅度降低产品质量的方式来压低价格。 3.谢谢你方3月10日来函。从信中我们获悉你方希望得到我方梅林牌罐头食品 的报盘。Thank you for your letter of March 10,form which we have learned that you hope to receive our offer for “Meiling”brand canned goods. 4..我们从贵公司8月20日来函中得知你放打算向我方订购二万公吨化肥 我们很高兴的报价如下。We have learned form your letter dated August 20 that you are going to place an order with us for 20000 metric tons of chemical fertilizers.We are pleased to quote as follows. .5.兹复你方7月8日函 我们现向你方作如下报盘 以我方最后确认为准。In reply to your letter of July 8 ,we are now making you the following offer,subject to our final confirmation. 6.供你放参考 我方价格合理 中东地区许多顾客已经接受该价格。For your reference ,our price is reasonable and a lot of customers in the Middle East have accepted the price. 7.复你方9月10日信 我们乐意向你方报盘如下 以北京时间10月15日前复 到为有效。In reply to your letter of September 10,we are pleased to make you an offer as follows,subject to your reply reaching here before October15,Beijing time. （六）:1.贵公司可能注意到了原材料价格的上涨趋势，种种迹象表明这种趋势将持续下去。在此情况下，沃恩想提醒你们，在近期内不可能再有相同的报盘。You may have observed an upward tendency in the prices of raw materials,which has every indication of being maintained.Under the circumstances,we would like to remind you that a similar offer in the near future is mosltl unlikely. （七）：我们希望向你们订购30罗红花牌手表 4月装运。这些货物选自你们2月2 日来信及产品目录。We wish to place an order with you for 30 gross”Red Flower”brand watches for April shipment .The goods have been chosen from your catalogue sent to us together with your letter of February 2. 你方6月15日订购2000公斤中国安哥拉兔毛的第P81号订单收悉。谢谢。我们欢迎你们成为我们的新客户。We thank you for your Order No.P81 dated June 15 for 2000 kilograms of Chinese Angora Rabbit Hair and welcome you as one of our new customers. 最近我们对山地自行车需求甚殷 我们不能保证新订货在6月30日之前交付。The recent exceptional demand for our mountain bicycles makes it impossible for us to promise delivery of any new orders before June 30. 我们已接受你方第FG16号订单订购货号第338号红玫瑰牌浴巾9000打。请即告知颜色搭配。并按第S-98号销售合同开立以我当为受益人的有关信用证。Your order No.FG 16for 9000dozen of “Red Rose”brand bath towels Art.No.338 has been booked.Please let us know the colour assortment at once and open the covering L/C in our favour according to Sales Contract No.S-98. 关于你方3月20 日的e-mail 我们乐意通知你方我们已接受了你方订购2500打天坛牌男

国际商务英语函电答案.doc

国际商务英语函电答案【篇一：世纪商务英语外贸函电(第二版)课后习题答案】 letter 1.at, of, with, in, for letter 2.from, into, with, of, to p40 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8f16481297.html,rming, interesting, dealing, sample, details, quality, prices, applied, items, inquiry unit 3 p55 letter 1.from, for, by, with, on letter 2.with, in, of, in, from p56 2.referring, established, cost, quality, opinion, responsibility, part, satisfied, information, decision unit 4 p71 letter 1. to, of, at, in, by letter 2.with, in, with, for, with p73 2.advertisement, leading, interested, details, dealers, line, market, replying, over, item unit 5 p88 letter 1.for, with, at, by, to letter 2.for, for, by, at, by/under p89 2.inquiring, quotation, receipt, subject, confirmation, discount, catalogue, brochure, separate, appreciate unit 6 p105 letter 1.of, on, in, with, to letter 2.of, in, by, for, at p106 2.offer, regret, price, sold, level, difference, transaction, counter-offer, samples, acceptance unit 7 p122 letter 1.to, of, of, in, for,

新编国际商务英语阅读教程译文

新编国际商务英语阅读教程译文 第一单元国际贸易理论 重商主义 世界上第一个国际贸易理论——重商主义，产生于16世纪中期。重商主义宣 称金银是一国财富的支柱，是繁荣商业所不可或缺的。当时，金银是国家间的贸易 货币，出口国赚取金银，同样从他国进口货物，导致金银的外流。重商主义认为出 口大于进口从而保持贸易顺差是一国的根本利益。这样，一国积累金银，最终使国 家财富增加，国家地位得以提升。正如1930年，英国重商主义学者托马斯?孟所说: 增加一国财富的最普遍的做法是对外贸易，而且我们必须遵守这样的规则:每 年出口产品的价值要大于进口产品的价值。 遵循这一说法，重商主义提倡政府干涉，以确保贸易顺差。重商主义认为大量 的贸易额并没有什么益处。他们建议颁布政策以扩大出口，限制进口。具体做法可 以是对进口施加关税和对配额进行限制，对出口则给予补贴。 1752年古典经济学 家大卫?休谟指出了重商主义学说的缺陷。据休谟所说，如果英国对法国贸易顺差(即出口大于进口)，相应的金银的流入会导致英国国内货币供应充足，从而产生通 货膨胀。而法国会因为金银的外流产生相反的效应——通货紧缩，价格降低。英法 之间相对价格的变化将促使法国的进口商购买的英国货物数量减少(因为英国货物 变得昂贵)，英国的进口商将购买更多法国的货物(因为法国货物价格降低)。结 果，英国贸易收支状况不断恶化，法国贸易收支逐步得到改善，这种情况一直持续 到英国的顺差被抵消。因此，休谟认为，长期来看，没有国家能够如重商主义者所 想象的那样保持贸易顺差。 除了休谟指出的缺陷之外，重商主义的另一缺限在于其视国际贸易为零和博弈(零和博弈是指一国得益必导致另一国受损)。亚当?斯密和大卫?李嘉图指出了重商

自考国际商务英语课后题

一、 What does international business refer to? Please tell the difference between international business and domestic business. 1. International business refers to transactions between parties from diffirent countries. There are four major diffrences between international business and domestic business: 1)differences in legal system 2)differences in currencies 3)differences in cutural background 4)differences in natural and economic conditions Please explain the differences between visible trade and invisible trade. Which is becoming more and more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in international trade? https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8f16481297.html,modity trade, i.e exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. This kind of trade is also referred to visible trade. Invisible trade is in the form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. Invisible trade is becoming more and more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in international trade. Can you cite some examples to illustrate cultural differences in international business? 3.Cultural differences including language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc. Please elaborate on the two categoreis of international investment. What is their major difference? 4.Foreign direct investments or FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country. Portfolio investment refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling. What is licensing? Why do firms sometimes choose it as means of entering a foreign market? 5.In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. Firms choose licensing because they do not want to make cash payments to start business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty. Besides, they can benefit from locational advanteges of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management. What is franchising? How is it different from licensing? 6.Under franchising, a fim, called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand name, logos, and operating techniques for royalty. In comparision with the relation between the licenser and the licensee, the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee. What is a management contract? Under what conditions is it most applicable? 7.Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volum. When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts may be a practical choice enabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets.. What is an international turnkey project? In what way is its variant BOT different from it?

商务英语课后题答案 刘白玉版

Key to Exercises Chapter 1 IV. Choose one of the four choices to best fit the sentence. 1.In measuring GDP，goods produced by foreign firms in the host country are counted. 2.GDP is counted using two methouds:one which counts all the ways people earn money and another which counts all the ways people spend. 4.What does GDP consist of ? Personal consumption ,investment ,and government purchases. 5.The Consumer Price Index could most closely be associated with a measure of the price level . 6.B 7.D 8.C 9.D V. Please translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. GDP稳定增长表明经济健康发展；而GPD下滑预示经济 出现问题；GDP大幅下降则意味着经济进入衰退期。2. GDP不能从长远的角度反映经济的发展潜力，尤其是对 于资源出口型经济的第三世界国家。 3. 从另一个重要角度来说，GDP并不是衡量可持续性收入的好标准。