2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第一套)及答案解析---蔡

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第一套)

Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the Internet on the way people communicate and then explain whether electronic communication can replace face-to-face contact. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

“Dear Andy---How are you? Your mother and I are fine. We both miss you and hope you are doing well. We look forward to seeing you again the next time your computer crashes and you come downstairs for something to eat. Love, Mom and Dad.”

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Part II Listening Comprehension （30 minutes）Section A:

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

1. A. go to a place he has visited

B. make her own arrangements

C. consult a travel agent

D. join in a package tour

2. A. they are on a long trip by car

B. they are stuck in a traffic jam

C. they are used to getting up early

D. they are tired of eating out at night

3. A. he is a person difficult to deal with

B. he dislikes any formal gather

C. he is unwilling to speak in public

D. he often keeps a distance from others

4. A. work in another department

B. pursue further education

C. recruit graduate students

D. take an administrative job

5. A. he would not be available to start the job in time

B. he is not quite qualified for the art director position

C. he would like to leave some more time for himself

D. he will get his application letter ready before May 1

6. A. cleaner B. mechanic C. porter D. salesman

7. A. request one or two roommates to do the cleaning

B. help Laura with her term paper due this weekend

C. get Laura to clean the apartment herself this time

D. ask Laura to put off the cleaning until another week

8. A. a problem caused by the construction

B. an accident that occurred on the bridge

C. the building project they are working

D. the public transportation condition

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

9. A. to look for a job as a salesperson

B. to have a talk with Miss Thompson

C. to place an order for some products

D. to complain about a faulty appliance

10. A. the person in charge is not in the office

B. the supplies are out of stock for the moment

C. they failed to reach an agreement on the price

D. the company is re-cataloguing the items

11. A. 0734,12536 extension 15

B. 0734,21653 extension 51

C. 0734,38750 extension 15

D. 0734,62135 extension 51

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A. since he found a girlfriend

B. since he took to heavy smoking

C. since he began to exercise regularly

D. since he started to live on his own

13. A. he is getting too fat

B. he smokes too much

C. he doesn?t eat vegetables

D. he doesn?t look well at all

14 A. they are overweight for their age

B. they are respectful to their parents

C. they are still in their early twenties

D. they dislike doing physical exercise

15 A. to quit smoking

B. to reduce his weight

C. to find a girlfriend

D. to follow her advice

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Questions16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16 A. they have destroyed several small towns

B. they will soon spread to San Francisco

C. they have injured many residents

D. they are burning out of control

17. A. they have been hospitalized

B. they have got skin problems

C. they were choked by the thick smoke

D. they were poisoned by the burning chemicals

18 A. it failed because of a sudden rocket explosion

B. it has been re-scheduled for a midday takeoff

C. it has been cancelled due to technical problems

D. it was delayed for eleven hours and thirty minutes

19 A. they made frequent long-distance calls to each other

B. they illegally used government computers in New Jersey

C. they were found to be smarter than computer specialists

D. they were arrested for stealing government information

Passage Two

Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.

20.A. peaceful B. considerate C. generous D. cooperative

21.A. someone dumped the clothes left in the washer and dryer

B. someone broke the washer and dryer by overloading them

C. Mindy Lance?s laundry blocked the way to the laundry room

D. Mindy Lance threatened to take revenge on her neighbors

22. A. asking the neighborhood committee for help

B. limiting the amount of laundry for each wash

C. informing the building manager of the matter

D. installing a few more washers and dryers

Passage three

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

23. A. she is both a popular and a highly respected author

B. she is the most loved African novelist of all times

C. she is the most influential author since the 1930s

D. she is the first writer to focus on the fate of slaves

24. A. The Book Critics Circles Award

B. the Nobel Prize for literature

C. the Pulizer Prize for fiction

D. the National Book Award

25. A. she is a relative of Morrison?s

B. she is a slave from Africa

C. she is a skilled storyteller

D. she is a black woman

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

Many college students today own personal computers that cost anywhere from $1,000 to perhaps $5,000 or more. 26_______, it is not uncommon for them to purchase 27_________ costing another several hundred dollars. Twenty years ago, computers were 28_________, but they were very large and extremely expensive. Few, if any, 29________ purchased computers for home use. Over they years, the price of the “guts” of a computer --- its memory --- has declined to less than a thousandth of the price per unit of memory that prevailed twenty years ago. This is the main reason why computers cost so much less today than they used to. 31_____ memory circuitry that is small enough to fit into the portable personal computers that many of us own and use. 32______, as the price of computation has declined the average consumer and business have spent more on purchasing computers.

33________, improved agricultural technology, hybrid(杂交) seeds, 34________ animal breeding, and so on have vastly increased the amount of output a typical farmer can produce. The prices of goods such as meats and grains have fallen sharply relative to the prices of most other goods and services. As agricultural prices have fallen, many households have decreased their total expense on food. Even though the 35______ of a product purchased generally increases when its price falls, total expenses on it may decline.

Part III Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）Section A

To get a sense of how women have progressed in science. Take a quick tour of the physics department at the University of California, Berkeley. This is a storied place, the 36_______ some of the most important discoveries in modern science---starting with Ernest Lawrence?s invention of the cyclotron(回旋加速器) in 1931. a generation ago, female faces were 37_______ and, even today, visitors walking through the first floor of LeConte Hall will see a full corridor of exhibits 38_______ the many distinguished physicists who made history here, 39_______ all of them white makes.

But climb up to the third floor and you?ll see a 40______ display. There, among the photos of current faculty members and students, are portraits of the 41________head of the department, Marjorie Shapiro, and four other women whose research 42_______ everything from the mechanics of the universe to the smallest particles of matter. A sixth woman was hired just two

weeks ago. Although they?re still only about 10 percent of the physics faculty, women are clearly a presence here. And the real 43_______ may be in the smaller photos to the right: graduate and undergraduate students, about 20 percent of them female. Every year Berkeley sends its fresh female physics PhDs to the country?s top universities. That makes Shapiro optimistic, but also 44______, “I believe things are getting better,”she says, “but they?re not getting better as 45________ as I would like.”

A circumstance

B confidence

C covers

D current

E deals

F different

G exposing H fast I honoring

J hope K presently L rare

M realistic N site O virtually

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Is College a Worthy Investment?

A) Why are we spending so much money on college? And why are we so unhappy about it? We all

seem to agree that a college education is wonderful, and yet strangely we worry when we see families investing so much in this supposedly essential good. Maybe it?s time to ask a question that seems almost sacrilegious(大不敬的): is all this investment in college education really worth it?

B) The answer, I fear, is no. for an increasing number of kids, the extra time and money spent

pursuing a college diploma will leave them worse off than they were before they set foot on campus.

C) For my entire adult life, a good education has been the most important thing for middle-class

households. My parents spent more educating my sister and me than they spent on their house, and they?re not the only ones…and, of course, for an increasing number families, most of the cost of their house is actually the cost of living in a good school district. Questioning the value of a college education seems a bit like questioning the value of happiness, or fun.

D) The average price of all goods and services has risen about 50 percent. But the price of a

college education has nearly doubled in that time. Is the education that today?s students are getting twice as good? Are new workers twice as smart? Have they become somehow massively more expensive to education?

E) Perhaps a bit, Richard V edder, an Ohio University economics professor, says, “I look at the

data, and I see college costs rising faster then inflation up the mid-1980s by 1 percent a year.

Now I see them rising 3 to 4 percent a year over inflation. What has happened? The federal government has started dropping money out of airplanes.” Aid has increased, subsidized(补贴的) loans have become available, and “the universities have gotten the money.”Economist Bryan Caplan, who is writing a book abut education, agrees: “It?s a giant waste of resources that will continue as long as the subsidies continue.”

F) Promotional literature for colleges and student loans often speaks of debt as an “investment in

yourself.” But an investment is supposed to generate income to pay off the loans. More than

half of all recent graduates are unemployed or in jobs that do not require a degree, and the amount of student-loan debt carried by households had increased more than five times since 1999. these graduates were told that a diploma was all they needed to succeed, but it won?t even get them out of the spare bedroom at Mom and Dad?s. for many, the most visible result of their four years is the loan payments, which now average hundreds of dollars a month on lan balances in the tens of thousands.

G) It?s true about the money---sort of. College graduates now make 80 percent more than people

who have only a high-school diploma, and though there are no precise estimates, the wage premium(高出的部分) for an outstanding school seems to be even higher. But tha t?s not true of every student. It?s very easy to spend four years majoring in English literature and come out no more employable than you were before you went in. conversely, chemical engineers straight out of school can easily make almost four times the wages of an entry-level high-school graduate.

H) James Heckman, the Nobel Prize winning economist, has examined how the returns on

education break down for individuals with different backgrounds and levels of ability. “Even with these high prices, you?re still finding a high return for individuals who are bright and motivated,: he says. On the other hand, “if you?re not college ready, then the answer is no, it?s not worth it.” Experts tend to agree that for the average student, college is still worth it today, but they also agree that the rapid increase in price is eating up more and more of the potential return. For borderline students, tuition(学费) rise can push those returns into negative territory.

I) Everyone seems to agree that the government, and parents, should be rethinking how we invest

in higher education---and that employers need to rethink the increasing use of college degrees as crude screening tools for jobs that don?t really require college skills. “Employers seeing a surplus of college graduates and looking to fill jobs are just adding that requirement,”says Vedder. “In fact, a college degree becomes a job requirement for becoming a bar-tender.”

J) We have started to see some change on the finance side. A law passed in 2007 allows many students to cap their loan payment at 10 percent of their income and forgives any balance after

25 years. But of course, that doesn?t control the cost of education; it just shifts it to taxpayers.

It also encourages graduated to choose lower-paying careers, which reduces the financial return to education still further. “You?re subsidizing people to become priests and poets and so forth,” says Heckman. “You may think that?s a good thing, or you may not.” Either way it will be expensive for the government.

K) What might be a lot cheaper is putting more kids to work Caplan notes that work also builds valuable skills---probably more valuable for kids who don?t naturally love sitting in a classroom. Heckman agrees wholeheartedly: “People are different, and those abilities can be shaped. Tha t?s what we?ve learned, and public policy should recognize that.”

L) Heckman would like to see more apprenticeship-style(学徒式) programs, where kids can learn in the workplace---learn not just specific job skills, but the kind of “soft skills,” like getting to work on time and getting along with a team, that are crucial for career success. “It?s about having mentors(指导者) and having workplace-based education,”he says. “Time and again I?ve seen examples of this kind of program working.”

M) Ah, but how do we get there from here? With better public policy, hopefully, but also by making better individual decision. “Historically markets have been able to handle these things,”says Vedder, “and I think eventually markets will handle this one. If it doesn?t

improve soon, people are going to wake up and ask, …Why am I going to college??”

46. Caplan suggests that kids who don?t love school go to work.

47. An increasing number of families spend more money on houses in a good school district.

48. Subsidized loans to college students are a huge waste of money, according to one economist.

49. More and more kids find they fare worse with a college diploma.

50. For those who are not prepared for higher education, going to college is not worth it.

51. Over the years the cost of a college education has increased almost by 100%.

52. A law passed recently allows many students to pay no more than one tenth of their income for

their college loans.

53. Middle class Americans have highly valued a good education.

54. More kids should be encouraged to participate in programs where they can learn not only job

skills but also social skills.

55. Over fifty percent of recent college graduates remain unemployed or unable to find a suitable

job.

Section C

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

A recent global survey of 2,000 high-net-worth individuals found that 60% were not planning on a traditional retirement. Among U.S. participants, 75% expected to continue working in some capacity even after stepping away from full-time jobs. “Many of these people made their wealthy by doing something they?re passionate(有激情的) about,” says Daniel Egan, head of behavioral finance for Barclays Wealth Americas. “Given the choice, they prefer to continue working.”Barclays calls these people “nevertirees.”

Unlike many Americans compelled into early retirement by company restrictions, the average nevertiree often has no one forcing his hand. If 106-year-old investor Irving Kahn, head of his won family firm, wants to keep coming to work every day, who?s going to stop him? Seventy-eight-year-old Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg?s job security is guaranteed in the Constitution.

It may seem that these elderly people are trying to cheat death. In fact, they are. And it?s working. Howard Friedman, a professor at UC Riverside, found in his research that those who work hardest and are successful in their careers often live the longest lives. “People are generally being given bad advice to slow down, take it easy, stop worrying, are retire to Foloida,”he described one study one study participant, still working at the age of 100, who was recently disappointed to see his son retire.

“We?re beginning to see a change in how people view retirement,”says George Leeson, co-director of the Institute of Population Ageing at Oxford. Where once retirement was seen as a brief reward after a long struggle through some miserable job, it is now akin(近似) to being cast aside. What Leeson terms “the Warren Buffett effect”is becoming more broadly appealing as individuals come to “view retirement as not simply being linked to economic productivity but also about contribution.”

Observers are split on whether this is a wholly good thing. On the one hand, companies and financial firms can benefit from the wisdom of a resilient(坚韧的) chief. On the other, the new generation can find it more difficult to advance---an argument that typically holds little sway to a

nevertiree.

56. What do we learn about the so-called “nevertiree”?

A. they are passionate about making a fortune

B. they have no choice but to continue working

C. they love what they do and choose not to retire

D. they will not retire unless they are compelled to

57. What do Irving Kahn and Ruth Bader Ginsburg have in common?

A. neither of them is subject to forced retirement

B. neither of them desires reward for their work

C. both cling to their positions despite opposition

D. both are capable of coping with heavy workloads

58. What is the finding of Howard Friedman?s research?

A. the harder you work, the bigger your fortune will be

B. the earlier you retire, the healthier you will be

C. elderly people have to slow down to live longer

D. working at an advanced age lengthens people?s life

59. What is the traditional view of retirement according to the passage?

A. it means a burden to the younger generation

B. it is a symbol of mature and civilized society

C. it a compensation for one?s life-long hard work

D. it helps increase a nation?s economics productivity

60. What do critics say about “nevertirees?

A. they are an obstacle to a company?s development

B. they lack the creativity of the younger generation

C. they cannot works as efficiently as they used to

D. they prevent young people from getting ahead

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

When we talk about Americans barely into adulthood who are saddled with unbearable levels of debt. The conversation is almost always about student loan debt. but there?s a growing body of evidence suggesting that today?s young adults are also drowning in credit-care debt---and that many of them will take this debt to their graves.

More than 20% overspent their income by more than $100 every single month. Since they haven?t built up their credit histories yet, it?s a safe bet that these young adults are paying relatively high interest rates on the resulting credit card debt.

Although many young people blame “socializing”as a barrier to saving money, most of them aren?t knocking back $20 drinks in trendy(时尚的) lounges. They?re struggling with much more daily financial demands.

To a disturbingly large extent, the young and the broke are relying on credit cards to make it until their next payday. This obviously isn?t sustainable in the long run, and it?s going to put a huge drag on their spending power even after they reach their peak earning years. Because they?ll still be paying interest on that bottle of orange juice or box of spaghetti（意式面条）they bought a decade earlier.

A new study out of Ohio State University found that young adults are accumulating credit

card debt at a more rapid rate than other age groups, and that they?re slower at paying it off. “If what we found continues to hold true, we may have more elderly people with substantial financial problems in the future,” warns Lucia Dunn, professor of economics at Ohio State. “If our findings persist, we may be faced with a financial crisis among elderly people who can?t pay off their credit cards.”

Dunn says a lot of these young people are never going to get out from under their credit card debt. “Many people are borrow on credit cards so heavily that payoff rates at these levels are not sufficient to recover their credit card debt by the end of their life, which could have loss implications for the credit card issuing banks.”

61. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?

A. many young Americans will never be able to pay off their debts

B. credit cards play an increasingly important role in college life

C. credit cards are doing more harm than student loans

D. the American credit card system is under criticism

62. Why do young people have to pay a higher interest on their credit card debt?

A. they tend to forget about the deadlines

B. they haven?t developed a credit history

C. they are often unable to pay back in time

D. they are inexperienced in managing money

63. What is said to be the consequence of young adults relying on credit cards to make ends meet?

A. it will place an unnecessary burden on society

B. it will give them no motivation to work hard

C. it will exert psychological pressure on them

D. it will affect their future spending power

64. What will happen to young adults if their credit card debt keeps accumulating according to Lucia Dunn?

A. they will have to pay an increasingly higher interest rate

B. they may experience a financial crisis in their old age

C. their quality of life will be affected

D. their credit cards may be cancelled

65. What does Lucia Dunn think might be a risk for the credit card issuing banks?

A. they go bankrupt as a result of over-lending

B. they lose large numbers of their regular clients

C. their clients leave their debts unpaid upon death

D. their interest rates have to be reduced now and then

Part IV Translation （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

“你要茶还是咖啡？”是用餐人常被问到的问题。许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶。相传，中国的以为帝王于五千多年前发现了茶，并用来治病。在明清（the Ming and Qing dynasties）期间，茶馆遍布全国。饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到十七、十八世纪才传到欧美。如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料（beverage）之一。茶是中国的民族饮品，也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第一套)答案解析

Part I Writing

【作文审题】这是一篇图画类命题作文。首先，抓住图画下方文字的主题词computer和seeing you again，其中computer对应题目要求中的Internet，seeing you again是题目中的communication和face-to-face contact的同义转述，避免跑题。接着，借助图画内容（父母正在给楼上的儿子写电子邮件）和图画下边的邮件内容，图画与文字相结合，可提炼出主题：网络对人们的日常交流产生的影响。然后，弄清文章题目与图画的关系：主题与描述之间的关系。最后，确定行文思路：描述图画+提出观点+分析原因+总结全文；总结时，注意要观点明确，贴合所给主题，切勿模棱两可。

写作思路:

第一段：以“总——分——总”的形式描述图画内容，指出图画寓意。

第二段：指出网络交流不能取代面对面的交流，并分析其原因。

第三段：总结全文，重申自己的观点，呼应主题。

【精彩范文】

The Impact of the Internet on the Way People Communicate

[1] The ironic picture is about a father and a mother [2] writing a letter to their son who is upstairs. The father and mother greet the son, Andy, and tell him they are fine and miss him and look forward to seeing him again when his computer crashes and he comes downstairs to eat. [3] The child is overusing the Internet. [4] From the ironic picture we can see the impact of Internet on the way people communicate.

Can electronic communication replace face-to-face contact? [5] The answer is “No”. [6] For one thing, electronic communication makes people feel strange although it does help people communicate, especially for those who are far away or inconvenient to talk, [7] where as face-to-face contact makes people feel psychologically [8] intimate and affectionate. [6] For another, people cannot express themselves fully through the Internet. Thus, misunderstandings may be aroused.

[9] In my opinion, I do not object to electronic communication, but it cannot replace face-to-face communication.

【名师点评】

[1] 总述图画内容

[2]现在分词短语作后置定语，表达更简洁

[3]指出现象：过度使用网络

[4]点明寓意：网络对人们的日常交流方式产生了影响

[5]用设问句提出观点：电子通讯不能取代面对面的交流

[6]阐述两点原因：一方面，电子通讯疏远人们的关系；另一方面，电子通讯使表达不充分，容易造成误解。

[7]“反之”，对比说明面对面交流的好处

[8]采用尾韵，表达更有力

[9]总结自己的观点，呼应主题

Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

1. W: I?d like to take a trip to Florida for my spring break. Can you give me any idea where to go? M: I could tell you about the places I?ve visited, but I think you?d better look up a travel agency to help with the ar-rangements.

Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?

C)。选项均以动词原形开头，其中的place，visited，arrangements，Consult a travel agent和a package tour表明，对话可能与旅行安排方面的建议有关。选项B)提示对话是给女士提建议，故男士的话为听音重点。

2. M: I?m really tired of driving at night even though the traffic seems fine.

W: I see. Let?s stop for some food and then find a motel nearby so we can start early tomorrow. Q: What do we learn about the speakers?

A)。选项均为以They开头的句子，其中的are on a long trip by car，stuck in a traffic jam，getting up early和eating out at night表明，对话可能与开车旅行或食宿有关。

3. M: Jeff?s got a lot of good ideas. Do you think he?s willing to come to the meeting?

W: Oh, I think he?d be glad to come, but what?s difficult is getting the guy to speak before a large crowd.

Q: What does the woman imply about Jeff?

C)。选项中的He，a person difficult to deal with，dislikes any formal gathering，unwilling to speak in public和keeps a distance from others表明，对话与某位男士的为人或行为特点有关。

4. W: I hear you are leaving the company and going back to school this year.

M: Yes. I?m enrolled in a graduate programme in public administration.

Q: What is the man going to do?

B)。选项中的work in another department，further education，recruit graduate students和take an administrative job表明，对话可能与某人的工作变动情况有关。

5. W: Have you applied for the art director position?

M: No. I?d like to, but the job starts on May 1, and I won?t be available until June.

Q: What does the man mean?

A)。选项中的He，not be available to start the job in time，not quite qualified，the art director position和application letter表明，对话可能涉及某位男士没能成功申请艺术总监一职的原因。

6. W: Will my car be ready by the end of the day?

M: It shoul d be. I?ll call if there?re any problems. We are open until six.

Q: What is probably the man?s job?

B)。选项均为表示职业的名词，这表明本题针对人物的职业提问，听音时应留意与选项中提到的职业相关的信息。

7. W: I have a big paper due Monday, but I promised Laura we?d clean the apartment this weekend. What am I going to do?

M: Why don?t you just see if Laura can wait for a week or two?

Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?

D)。选项中的Request，roommates to do the cleaning，Help Laura和Get Laura to clean以及时间状语this weekend，this time和until another week表明，对话可能涉及让劳拉或其室友打扫公寓的时间。

8.W: Construction on the bridge has really slowed the traffic.

M: I know. Since they started working, the time it takes me to get to work has doubled.

Q: What are the speakers talking about?

A)。选项均为名词词组且概括性强，这表明本题可能考查话题。construction和building project 表明，该话题可能与施工情况有关。

——Conversation One ——

【整体预测】本组对话第9、10题选项中的a salesperson，place an order for some products，supplies are out of stock和re-cataloguing the items以及第11题选项均为电话号码表明，对话可能与给销售人员打电话订购商品有关。

W: Sales Department. Can I help you?

M: Oh, yes, I hope so. My name?s Kings Bré of GPF Limited. [9] We need some supplies for our design office.

W: I see. What sort of things are you looking for, Mr Kings Bré?

M: Well, first of all, we need one complete new drawing board.

W: Well, in the standard range, we have the D044 and the D045 models.

M: Oh, what?s the difference between them?

W: Well, the D045 has its own mending system and it does cost slightly more as a result.

M: So what?s the total price?

W: For the D045 it?s ￡387.50.

M: And, does that include the value added tax?

W: Oh, yes!

M: Can you tell me how long it takes to deliver?

W: I can?t give a definite date now, I?m afraid, because it depends on the other orders we have to get out. But it would certainly be within 3 weeks.

M: OK, now [10] we also want some drawing pens, ink and correction fluid, and some drawing paper.

W: [10] Ah, now the lady who deals with drawing office supplies isn?t here this morning, I?m afraid. But I could ask her to give you a ring this afternoon if you like.

M: Oh, yes, thank you.

W: [11] What?s your telephone number?

M: It?s reading... [11] That is code 0734, 21653 extension 51.

W: OK, I?ll get Miss Thompson to ring you this afternoon. Now would you like me to place an order for one D045 drawing board?

M: Yes, please. You?ve been most helpful. Goodbye.

W: Goodbye!

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

9. What is the man?s purpose in making the telephone call?

C)。选项均以“to + 动词原形”开头表明，本题可能考查行为的原因或目的。由have a talk，place an order和complain推测，本题可能考查某人给某公司的客服打电话的原因或目的。

10. Why can?t the man order the other drawing office supplies right now?

A)。选项中的The supplies are out of stock for the moment和failed to reach an agreement on the price表明，本题可能考查现在

买不到某种产品的原因。

11. What is the man?s telephone number?

B)。选项均为电话号码表明，本题考查电话号码，听录音时应留意关于电话号码的信息。

——Conversation Two ——

【整体预测】本组对话四道题选项中的found a girlfriend，heavy smoking，exercise regularly，getting too fat，smokes too much，overweight，in their early twenties，quit smoking，reduce his weight和find a girlfriend表明，对话可能与年轻人的问题有关，可能涉及到找女朋友、吸烟和戒烟、身体发胖及通过锻炼减肥等。

W: I?m so worried about Mark these days. [12] Ever since he moved into his own apartment, he?s been losing weight. He really doesn?t look well at all.

M: He should try to gain some weight. He is probably not eating enough.

W: Well, anyway, how is Tim these days?

M: Tim? Oh, [13] Tim has me worried, too. He is really getting much too fat. He needs to lose about 75 pounds now.

W: That?s a lot of weight to lose. What does Tim eat?

M: I really don?t know. But I?m sure he is eating too much cake and candy.

W: Well, did I tell you Mark doesn?t eat any meat now? He only eats vegetables and fruit.

M: That?s probably why he is so thin. Does he smoke?

W: Does he smoke? About two packs of cigarettes a day! That?s my son, a smoking vegetarian. M: Hmm, if he stopped smoking, he would gain weight. I know he would. Tim put on a lot of weight when he stopped smoking.

W: Does Tim play any sports?

M: Play sports? Oh, my! [14] I keep telling him, Tim, dear, you really need to get some exercise. And do you know what he does? He just gets angry.

W: I know. [14] Mark doesn?t exercise either.

M: Did you tell him…

W: Of course, but you know what it is like being a mother of a 30-year-old boy. They just don?t think they need your advice anymore. [15] I wish Mark would find a nice girlfriend to relax and have fun with. I heard Tim has a girlfriend at last. That?s wonderful.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. When did Mark start losing weight according to the woman?

D)。选项均以Since he开头，这表明本题考查某位男士开始做某事的时间。选项中的took to heavy smoking和exercise regularly表明，本题可能与该男士的体重下降有关。

13. Why is the man worried about Tim?

A)。选项均为描述He的句子，too fat，smokes too much和doesn?t eat vegetables表明，本题可能与某位男士不好的生活习惯有关。

14. What do Mark and Tim have in common?

D)。选项均为描述They的句子，overweight for their age，still in their early twenties和dislike 表明，本题可能与某些人的年龄或喜好有关。

15. What is the woman?s wish for Mark?

C)。选项均以“to + 动词原形”开头，其中的quit smoking，reduce his weight和follow her advice 表明，本题可能考查某人为了健康听从某位女士的建议而采取的行动有关。

Section B

——Passage One ——

【整体预测】本篇短文四道题选项中的信息比较分散，这表明本短文可能是一篇新闻报道。从选项中的destroyed several small towns，burning out of control，choked by the thick smoke，

a sudden rocket explosion，a midday takeoff，illegally used government computers和stealing government information可知，报道的内容可能包括火灾、火箭的发射和利用电脑窃取政府机密等。

Good afternoon. This is Diane Martinet with the midday news on KALF.

[16] Fires in California continue to burn out of control, and several small towns in the forests near San Francisco are still in danger. One of the greatest dangers to the 500 firefighters, however, comes not from the fires but from poisonous plants in the forest. [17] Many firefighters have gotten skin problems after touching the plants and at least three have had to go to the hospital for a treatment for their skin problems.

NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Agency, today announced in Florida that [18] the next space shuttle mission has been canceled. The mission was scheduled for an 11:30 A.M. takeoff on Tuesday. However, [18] the flight has been canceled because of problems with the spaceship?s central computer system. NASA technicians noticed the computer problems during last-minute checks.

[19] Seven teenager computer specialists have been arrested by police in New Jersey. After taking an advanced computer course at school, [19] the seven boys, all from Princeton, New Jersey, illegally obtained top-secret information from government computers in Washington. They also started to use their home computers to access telephone networks.

In New York, the value of the dollar stayed the same today. But in Tokyo, the dollar fell dramatically. At the end of the day, it was worth 83 yen, compared to 88 yen yesterday.

And now, here?s Joe Santos with the sports news.

Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. What does the midday news on KALF say about fires in California?

D)。选项均为描述They的句子，其中的destroyed several small towns，injured many residents和burning out of control表明，They指的是大火，本题可能考查某地大火的火势。

17. What do we learn about many of the firefighters?

B)。选项均为描述They的句子，其中的have been hospitalized，got skin problems，choked by the thick smoke和poisoned by the burning chemicals表明，They可能是指消防员或火灾受害者，本题可能考查他们在灭火过程中或在大火中受到的伤害。

18. What do we learn about the space shuttle mission?

C)。选项均为描述It的句子，选项A) It failed because of a sudden rocket explosion和选项B) It has been re-scheduled for a midday takeoff表明，it极可能指的是航天飞行任务或宇宙飞船的发射任务，听音时留意文中讲的是发射失败（failed）、改期（re-scheduled）、取消（canceled）还是推迟（delayed）。

19. What do we learn about the seven boys in New Jersey?

D)。选项均为描述They的句子，其中的illegally used government computers，smarter than computer specialists和arrested for stealing government information表明，They可能指电脑高手，本题可能与这些电脑高手利用电脑犯罪而被捕有关。

——Passage Two ——

【整体预测】本篇短文三道题选项中出现的the washer and dryer和laundry以及neighbors （neighborhood）表明，本短文与邻里之间洗衣服有关，可能涉及洗衣带来的问题和解决办法。

[20] When you live in an apartment building where only a wall separates you from your

neighbors, everyone needs to be considerate to each other. That?s not what happened in my apartment building.

Someone was always leaving her clothes in the washers and dryers in the laundry room. I got tired of running up and down the stairs to see if the clothes have been removed so I could start my own wash. Obviously someone else got tired with it too because one day [21] someone took clothes from the washer and dryer and dumped them in the corner.

[21] This act started a battle of letters posted on the wall of the laundry room. The first letter was from Mindy Lance, who was really angry that her clothes had been removed from the washer and dryer and dumped. She then threatened to dump any-body else?s clothes she herself found in the washer and dryer.

Mindy Lance?s letter enraged other residents and they posted letters to her. Eventually, Mindy began behaving properly but hard feelings remained.

[22] The problem could have been resolved better. If residents had informed the building manager, she then could have in-formed all residents that clothes should be removed from the washers and dryers within 15 minutes after their washes were done. Those who refuse to obey might not have their leases renewed. That would be a fair common-sense solution. Neighbor problems may sometimes seem inevitable, but it?s important to resolve them fairly.

Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.

20. What does the speaker think residents in an apartment building need to be?

B)。选项均为表示心态的形容词，这表明本题可能考查某人的心态，听音时留意文中描述心态的词语。

21. What started a battle of letters in the laundry room?

A)。A)和B)描述的是someone的行为，C)和D)描述的是Mindy Lance的行为，结合选项中的the washer and dryer，broke，blocked the way和the laundry room推测，本题可能与某人或明迪·兰斯在洗衣房用洗衣机和干衣机带来的问题有关。

22. What does the speaker think might be a better way to resolve the problem?

C)。选项均以动词-ing开头，其中的asking…for help，limiting the amount of laundry和installing...more washers and dryers表明，本题可能考查解决洗衣问题的方法。

——Passage Three ——

【整体预测】本篇短文三道题选项中的 a highly respected author，the most influential author，Nobel Prize for literature，The National Book Award，a relative，a slave from Africa和a black woman表明，本短文与某位著名作家有关，可能涉及她的知名度、获得的奖项、作品的介绍（身份问题）等。

In today?s class we?ll discuss Toni Morrison?s novel Beloved. As I?m sure you all know, [23] Morrison is both a popular and a highly respected author and it?s not easy to be both.

Born in 1931, Morrison has written some of the most touching and intelligent works on the African-American experience ever written by anyone. And yet to call her an African-American writer doesn?t seem to do her justice. In many ways she is simply an American writer and certainly one of our best.

Beloved is a truly remarkable work. It was recommended for nearly every major literary prize, including the National Book Award and the National Book Critics Circle Award. And it in fact won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1988. [24] Morrison herself is distinguished for having won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1993.

What makes Beloved unique is the skillful short way in which Morrison blends intensely personal story-telling and American history, racial themes and gender themes, the experience of blacks with the experience of all people everywhere, the down-to-earth reality of slavery with the sense of mysterious spirituality. We?ll be paying special attention to these themes as we discuss this work. I?m particularly interested in your views on the relative importance of race and gender in this book. [25] Is it more important that Sethe, the main character, is black, or that she is a woman? Which contributes more to her being? What does Morrison tell us about both?

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

23. What do we learn about Toni Morrison?

A)。选项均为描述She的句子，其中的popular，a highly respected author，the most loved African novelist，the most influential author和the first writer表明，She是一位知名作家，本题考查这位作家的情况。

24. What honor did Toni Morrison receive in 1993?

B)。选项均为图书奖项，这表明本题可能问的是某位知名作者获得过什么奖项。

25. What does the speaker tell us about Sethe, the main character in Morrison?s novel Beloved?

D)。选项均为描述She的句子，选项A)的内容表明，She指的不是Morrison。选项B)中的a slave from Africa和选项D)中的a black woman表明，She很可能是一位黑人女性。

Section C

26. In addition，意为“除此之外，并且”。空后为逗号，而且后面的句子不缺少主干成分，故推测所填词很可能为副词或者介词短语，作状语。前面提到很多大学生在个人电脑上花费数千美元，此处进一步说购买……又需花费几百美元这一现象也很常见，前后存在递进关系，故此处很可能表示“另外，而且”之意。

27. software，意为“软件”。空前的purchase和空后的costing…表明，所填词应为名词，作动词purchase的宾语，costing... 作后置定语，修饰该名词。

28. available，意为“可获得的”。空前的computers were表明，所填词应为过去分词或者形容词。由空后的but分句中的large和expensive可知，本空填形容词的可能性更大。

29. individuals，意为“个人”。根据本空所在位置判断，本句缺少主语，所填词应为名词。if any是Few与本空之间的插入语，所填词由Few修饰，故该名词为可数名词复数形式。

30. technological，意为“技术上的”。空后的improvements表明，所填词应为形容词，作名词improvements的定语，在含义上表示这种进步使得这些存储器电路小到能放进很多人使用的便携式电脑里。

31. manufacture，意为“大量制造，批量生产”。空前的have made it possible to和空后的memory circuitry表明，所填词应为动词原形。

32. In short，意为“总之，简言之”。句子不缺少主干成分，结合空格的位置推测，所填词很可能为副词或介词短语，作状语。由本句位于段末，再根据句子的意思推测，此处很可能表示“总结”之意。

33. By contrast，意为“相比之下”。本题句子同样不缺少主干成分，结合空格的位置推测，所填词很可能为副词或介词短语，作状语，起承上启下的作用。由上段末的the average consumer and business have spent more on purchasing computers和本句的…have vastly increased the amount of output可知，前后存在对比关系，故此处很可能表示“与之相比”之意。

34. scientific，意为“科学的”。空前的逗号和空后的animal breeding表明，所填词应为

形容词。该词在意义上应带有褒义色彩，使得... animal breeding能与improved agricultural technology 和hybrid seeds并列。

35. quantity，意为“数量”。空前的the和空后的of表明，所填词应为名词。该词在even though引导的让步状语从句中作主语，在意义上与price相对，可能表达价格下降致使产品销量上升的意思。

Part III Reading Comprehension

Section A

【文章导读】本文节选自2006年9月25日发表于Newsweek（《新闻周刊》）上的一篇标题为Science and the Gender Gap（《科学与性别差异》）的文章。文章以加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校物理系的情况为例，探讨了女性对科学所做贡献情况的改善。第1段主要讲述一代人之前，在加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校物理系涌现出的杰出的物理学家中，女性甚少。第2段对比指出当前的情况：有杰出贡献的女性物理学家以及即将做出贡献的女性毕业生人数越来越多，这说明女性对科学的贡献将会越来越大。

全文翻译

想要了解女性对科学做出的贡献，可以到加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校的物理系看一看。这里充满了故事，现代科学的许多最重要的发现——从1931年欧内斯特?劳伦斯发明回旋加速器开始——都来自这个地方。在一代人之前，女性（物理学家）的面孔还很稀少，即使到今天，参观者走在勒孔特大厅的一楼，还会看见一整条走廊的展览品向载入史册的著名物理学家表示敬意，他们几乎都是白人男性。

但来到三楼，你会看见不一样的展览。在那里有如今的教职员工和学生的照片，其中包括现任系主任玛乔丽?夏皮罗以及四名其他女性的肖像，她们的研究领域大到宇宙的结构，小到构成物质的最小粒子，无所不包括在内。第六名女性两周前刚刚上任。尽管她们只占物理系教职员工的10%左右，但是在这里女性的存在已经不容忽视。真正的希望也许在于右边那些研究生和本科生的比较小的照片：其中大约20%是女性。每年，伯克利分校都会把刚刚毕业的女物理学博士输送到全国顶尖大学里去。这让夏皮罗感到前景乐观，但她同时也很现实。她说，“我相信情况正在改善，但改善的速度还没有我希望的那么快。”

答案解析:

36.【解析】N)。空前的the以及空后的of…提示，本空应填入名词，the 36 of…短语是对上文中a storied place的进一步解释说明，所以所填词应该是place的同义词，故从备选项的名词中确定N) site（场所，地方）为答案。

37.【解析】L)。所填词作句子的表语，因此可能是名词或形容词，备选项中的名词及形容词较多，所以不妨先不设定入选范围，寻找其他答案线索。空格所在句较长，对比分析一代人之前男性与女性对科学的贡献，many distinguished physicists who made history here…all of them white males表达的意思是：许多载入史册的著名学家都是（all of them）白人男性，与all形成对比的只能是L) rare（稀少的，罕见的），即与男性对比，女性科学家的面孔很稀少。

38.【解析】I)。分析句子结构可知，38 the many distinguished physicists who…应该是对exhibits 的修饰，说明是什么样的展览，所以空格处应填入分词作后置定语，G) exposing和I) honoring 入选。展览的目的应该是纪念著名的物理学家，所以选I) honoring（向……表示敬意）。39.【解析】O)。由上面两题的分析可知，本空缺少的不是句子的主干成分，应该填入副词，选词范围缩小至H) fast，K) presently和O) virtually。句中all of them white males是对many distinguished physicists的进一步强调说明，所以应该填入O) virtually（事实上；几乎），强

调这些著名的物理学家几乎都是白人男性。H) fast作副词时用在动词后面；K) presently（目前）起不到强调作用，而且与前面的过去时态who made history here相矛盾。

40.【解析】F)。空前的a以及空后的display提示所填词应该是形容词，修饰display，剩下的备选项中还有D) current，F) different，H) fast和M) realistic词性符合。本句讲的是三楼的展览情况，display是上文中exhibits的同义替换。句首的but提示两个楼层的展览应该是不同的，而且后文中提到三楼展览的照片中有数名女性，与一楼中所展览的全是男性（all of them white males）不同，故F) different为答案。

41.【解析】D)。空前的the以及空后的head提示空格处缺少形容词，剩余备选项中还有D) current，H) fast和M) realistic符合。除D) current外，其他两项显然不能修饰head of the department（系主任），而且current与本句前面出现的current是原词复现，说明当前教职员工和学生的照片中有现任系主任玛乔丽?夏皮罗的肖像。

42.【解析】C)。whose引导的定语从句中缺少谓语，主语是单数形式的research，同时结合主句的时态可以判定所填词是第三人称单数形式的动词。入选的只有C) covers和E) deals。本句中的from…to…显然在说明其他几位女性的研究涵盖的范围，所以答案为C) covers （涉及，涵盖），cover…from…to... 为固定搭配，表示涵盖的范围。

43.【解析】J)。空前的the real提示所填词为名词，该名词作句子主语，A) circumstance，

B) confidence和J) hope入选。上一句提到：尽管目前已做出成绩的女性只占物理系教员的10%左右，女性的存在已经不容被忽视，本句中接着讲：The real... 在于右边那些研究生和本科生的比较小的照片，其中大约20%是女性。物理系女性学生人数的增长，说明未来的女性更有希望对科学做出贡献，所以选J) hope。

44.【解析】M)。but also提示所填词与optimistic平行并列，剩余选项中恰好M) realistic（现实的）符合，意思是：夏皮罗感到乐观的同时也很现实。

45.【解析】H)。as…as…结构提示所填词可能是形容词或副词，同时前面的getting better又提示这里应该填入副词，剩余的备选项中只有H) fast与K) presently符合。文章在此处要表达的是女性占据物理学领域情况的改善程度，说明尽管情况在改善（让夏皮罗感到乐观的一面），但还是没有夏皮罗所希望得那么快（让夏皮罗正视现实的一面），所以答案为H) fast。…things are getter better对应上一句中的optimistic，而not…as fast as I would like对应第44空处的realistic。

Section B

【文章导读】本文选自2012年9月9日发表于The Daily Beast （《每日野兽》）网站上的一篇标题为Is College a Lousy Investment?（《大学是一项糟糕的投资吗？》）的文章。文章主要讨论了大学教育是否值得投资。文中指出大学教育不是人们获得成功的唯一途径，人们应该选择适合自己的道路，即使上了大学也不一定能找到好工作；同时也指出，根据目前市场和企业需求的变化，人们应该理性分析，提高觉悟，做出正确的选择。A)段提出问题：在大学教育上的投资真的值得吗? B)~G)段通过举例及研究分析指出大学教育费用越来越高，使家庭和国家财政负担加重，大学教育带来的收益越来越少。H)~L)段指出政府在财政政策上对大学教育方面作出的调整，个人应该重新考虑接受大学教育的问题，大学不是获取成功的唯一途径。M) 段总结全文，指出市场最终会处理大学教育的问题。

全文翻译

大学是一项值得的投资吗？

A) 为什么我们花这么多钱上大学？为什么我们对花那么多钱上大学却如此不开心？我们似乎都一致认为，大学教育是美好的，然而，奇怪的是当我们看到一些家庭投入这么多钱在这个被认定的必需品上时，我们感到忧心忡忡。或许是时候问这样一个似乎大不敬的问题了：

所有这些在大学教育上的投资真的值得吗?

B) 我担心，答案是否定的。[49] 对于越来越多的孩子来说，花费额外的时间和金钱追求一张大学文凭会让他们的生活变得比他们踏入校园之前更糟糕。

C) 对我成年后的整个人生阶段来说，[53] 良好的教育对于中产阶级家庭而言是最重要的事情。[47] 我的父母花在姐姐和我的教育上的费用超过了他们花在自己的住房上的费用，而且他们不是唯一这样做的父母……当然，对于越来越多的家庭来说，他们花在住房上的开销实际上多半是在好的学区里购房的费用。质问大学教育的价值看似有点像是在质问快乐的价值。

D) 所有商品和服务的平均价格已经上涨了约50%。[51] 但是大学教育的价格却几乎已经翻了一番。如今的学生们接受的教育的质量提高到了原来的两倍吗?新雇员是原来的两倍聪明吗？他们所接受的教育已经变得如此昂贵了吗?

E) 也许有点。俄亥俄州大学经济学教授理查德?维德说：“我看了数据，我发现到20世纪80年代中期，上大学的花费所增长的速度比通货膨胀的速度每年快1%。而现在比通货膨胀的速度每年快3%到4%。发生了什么事？联邦政府已经在开着飞机往下撒钱了。”[48] 资助已经增加了，补贴贷款也可以申请了,“大学已经得到了这笔钱。”经济学家布莱恩?卡普兰赞同道：“这是一种对资源的巨大浪费，只要补贴继续，这种浪费就会继续。”他正在写一本关于教育的书。

F) 关于大学和学生贷款的宣传资料经常把债务说成是一项“自我投资”。但投资应该产生可以偿还贷款的收入。[55]超过半数的应届毕业生未就业或正在从事一份不需要学位的工作，1999年以来，由家庭承担学生贷款债务的数额已经增加了五倍多。这些毕业生被告知，他们成功所需要的只是一纸文凭，但这张文凭甚至难以使他们走出父母家的备用卧室。对许多人来说，大学四年最明显的结果是支付贷款，目前成千上万的人平均每月都要支付数百美元的贷款。

G) 关于这笔钱，有几分是真的。大学毕业生现在的工资比只有高中文凭的人多出80%。虽然没有精确的估计，但名校毕业生的工资似乎更高。而这并不是对每一个学生而言的。花了四年的时间主修英国文学，但修完后的就业机会并不比你入学之前多。相反，一毕业就当化学工程师能很轻松地赚到一个底层的高中毕业生大约四倍的工资。

H) 诺贝尔经济学奖得主詹姆斯?赫克曼调查了不同背景和能力水平的个体，看其教育带来的回报。他说：“即使学费很高，对于那些聪明上进的人来说，他们还是会收到一份高额回报。”另一方面，[50] “如果你没有做好上大学的准备，那么答案是否定的，上大学是不值得投资的。”专家倾向于认为，对于普通学生来说，如今的大学教育仍然是值得的，但他们也同意学费的快速增长正在耗尽越来越多的潜在收益。对于边缘的学生来说，学费上涨促使这些收益变为负值。

I) 似乎每个人都认为政府和家长应该重新思考我们如何投资高等教育——雇主需要重新考虑越来越多地将大学学位作为那些实际上不需要大学技能的工作的粗滤筛选工具这种做法了。“看到大学毕业生过剩，正在寻求填补工作空缺的雇主们就增加了那个（学历）要求”，维德说，“事实上，做一个调酒员的工作都要求具有大学文凭。”

J) 我们已经开始看到财政方面的变化了。[52] 2007年通过的一项法律容许学生将他们所偿还的贷款限制在收入的10%以下，并且免除25年后的余额。但当然，这并不能控制教育的成本；它只是将其转移给了纳税人。这项法律还鼓励毕业生选择低薪职业，这进一步降低了教育的经济收益。“你正在资助人们成为牧师、诗人等”，赫克曼说，“你可能会认为这是一件好事，或者你也可能不这么想。”无论如何这对政府来说都是昂贵的。

K) 可能廉价得多的做法是让更多的孩子去工作。[46] 卡普兰指出工作也会帮助员工提升有价值的技能——对于那些天生不愿意坐在教室里的孩子们来说可能更有价值。赫克曼由衷

地赞同道：“人和人是不同的，能力是可以发展的。那就是我们所学到的，国家政策应该认识到这一点。”

L) [54] 赫克曼想要看到更多的学徒式的项目，孩子们可以在工作场所学习——不仅学习具体的工作技能，而且还可以学到那种“软技能”，比如按时上班和与团队和睦相处，这对于取得事业成功是至关重要的。“这要有指导者和基于工作场所上的教育。”他说，“我已经多次看到这种项目在起作用的例子了。”

M) 啊，但是我们如何能做到那些呢？最好是有更好的国家政策，但通过做出更好的个人决策也是可以实现的。“从历史上来看，市场能够处理这些事情”，维德说，“我认为最终市场会处理这个问题的。如果这一问题不能很快得以改善，人们将会醒悟，并且会问：‘我为什么要上大学？’”

答案解析:

46.【定位】根据题目中的Caplan，kids和don’t love school将本题出处定位于K)段第2句。【解析】K)。K)段第2句说，卡普兰指出工作也会帮助员工提升有价值的技能——对于那些天生不愿意坐在教室里的孩子们来说可能更有价值。也就是说，卡普兰认为不喜欢上学的孩子可能会在工作中获得有价值的技能，即建议这些孩子去工作。题目是对K)段第2句的概括转述。

47.【定位】根据题目中的an increasing number of families和a good school district将本题出处定位于C)段第2句。

【解析】C)。C)段第2句后半部分指出，对于越来越多的家庭来说，他们花在住房上的开销多数实际上是在好的学区里购房的费用。也就是说，这些家庭在好的学区房上的花费较多，题目是对该句的同义转述。

48.【定位】根据题目中的subsidized loans，a huge waste of money和economist将本题出处定位于E)段倒数第1、2句。

【解析】E)。E)段倒数第1、2句指出，资助已经增加了，补贴贷款也可以申请了，“大学已经得到了这笔钱。”经济学家布莱恩?卡普兰赞同道：“这是一种对资源的巨大浪费，只要补贴继续，这种浪费就会继续。”题目是对这两句话的整合。原文最后一句中的it指代上句中的the money，包括aid和subsidized loans。

49.【定位】根据题目中的a college diploma将本题出处定位于B)段最后一句。

【解析】B)。B)段最后一句指出，对于越来越多的孩子来说，花费额外的时间和金钱追求一张大学文凭会让他们的生活变得比他们踏入校园之前更糟糕。题目是对该句的同义转述，题目中的fare worse（进展更糟）对应文中的worse off（恶化）。

50.【定位】根据题目中的is not worth it将本题出处定位于H)段第3句。

【解析】H)。H)段第3句指出，如果你还没为接受大学教育做好准备，那么答案是否定的，上大学就不值得。文中的answer是对第1句中的how the returns on education break down所做的回答，故题目主要是对H)段第3句的同义转述，题目中的not prepared for higher education 对应原句中的not college ready。

51.【定位】根据题目中的the cost of a college education将本题出处定位于D)段第2句。【解析】D)。D)段第2句指出，大学教育的价格几乎翻了一番。题目是对该句的同义转述，题目中的has increased almost by 100%对应句中的has nearly doubled。

52.【定位】根据题目中的a law，one tenth和loans将本题出处定位于J)段第2句。

【解析】J)。J)段第2句指出，2007年通过的一项法律容许学生将他们所偿还的贷款限制在收入的10%以下。题目是对该句的同义转述，题目中的pay no more than对应句中的cap （给……定限额）。

53.【定位】根据题目中的middle-class和a good education将本题出处定位于C)段第1句。

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