QT unit test

QT unit test code coverage

准备环境：qt-creator5.2.1 , gcov(gcc 默认安装),lcov(gcov 的图形化显示界面)，qt_testlib

各环境介绍：

1.gcov

gcov是一个可用于C/C++的代码覆盖工具，是gcc的内建工具。下面介绍一下如何利用gcov来收集代码覆盖信息。

想要用gcov收集代码覆盖信息，需要在gcc编译代码的时候加上这2个选项“-fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage”，把这个简单的程序编译一下

gcc -fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage hello.c -o hello

编译后会得到一个可执行文件hello和hello.gcno文件，当用gcc编译文件的时候，如果带有“-ftest-coverage”参数，就会生成这个.gcno文件，它包含了程序块和行号等信息

接下来可以运行这个hello的程序

./hello 5

./hello 12

运行结束以后会生成一个hello.gcda文件，如果一个可执行文件带有

“-fprofile-arcs”参数编译出来，并且运行过至少一次，就会生成。这个文件包含了程序基本块跳转的信息。接下来可以用gcov生成代码覆盖信息：

gcov hello.c

运行结束以后会生成2个文件hello.c.gcov和myfunc.c.gcov。打开看里面的信息：

-: 0:Source:myfunc.c

-: 0:Graph:hello.gcno

-: 0:Data:hello.gcda

-: 0:Runs:1

-: 0:Programs:1

-: 1:#include

-: 2:

-: 3:void test(int count)

1: 4:{

-: 5: int i;

10: 6: for (i = 1; i < count; i++)

-: 7: {

9: 8: if (i % 3 == 0)

3: 9: printf (“%d is divisible by 3 \n”, i);

9: 10: if (i % 11 == 0)

#####: 11: printf (“%d is divisible by 11 \n”, i);

9: 12: if (i % 13 == 0)

#####: 13: printf (“%d is divisible by 13 \n”, i);

-: 14: }

1: 15:}

被标记为#####的代码行就是没有被执行过的，代码覆盖的信息是正确的.

1.2 使用gcov的3个阶段

(1) 编译

# gcc -f profile-arcs -f test-coverage -o test test.c

# ls

test test.c test.gcno

-f profile-arcs-f test-coverage告诉编译器生成gcov需要的额外信息，并在目标文件中插入gcov需要的extra profiling information。因此，该命令在生成可执行文件test的同时生成test.gcno文件(gcov note文件)。

(2) 收集信息

# ./test

Success

# ls

test test.c test.gcda test.gcno

执行该程序，生成test.gcda文件(gcov data文件)。

(3) 报告

# gcov test.c

File 'test.c'

Lines executed:87.50% of 8

test.c:creating 'test.c.gcov'

# ls

test test.c test.c.gcov test.gcda test.gcno

生成test.c.gcov文件，该文件记录了每行代码被执行的次数。

test.c.gcov文件内容如下，蓝色表示笔者添加的注释。

-: 0:Source:test.c

-: 0:Graph:test.gcno

-: 0:Data:test.gcda

-: 0:Runs:1

-: 0:Programs:1

-: 1:#include //前面的数字表明该clause被执行的次数，下同

-: 2:

-: 3:int main (void)

1: 4:{

-: 5: int i, total;

-: 6:

1: 7: total = 0;

-: 8:

11: 9: for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) //前面的数字11表明该clause被执行11次

10: 10: total += i;

-: 11:

1: 12: if (total != 45)

#####: 13: printf ("Failure/n");

-: 14: else

1: 15: printf ("Success/n");

1: 16: return 0;

-: 17:}

-: 18:

1.2 gcov的选项

gcov的选项不多，也好理解，此处选3个典型的选项并结合例子加以说明。

(1) -a, --all-blocks

在.gcov文件中输出每个基本快(basic block)的执行次数。如果没有-a选项，则输出'main'函数这个block的执行次数，如上所示。使用该选项可以

Write individual execution counts for every basic block. Normally gcov outputs execution counts only for the main blocks of a line. With this option you can determine if blocks within a single line are not being executed.

# gcov -a test.c

File 'test.c'

Lines executed:87.50% of 8 //代码覆盖率

test.c:creating 'test.c.gcov'

Test.c.gcov文件内容。

-: 0:Source:test.c

-: 0:Graph:test.gcno

-: 0:Data:test.gcda

-: 0:Runs:1

-: 0:Programs:1

-: 1:#include

-: 2:

-: 3:int main (void)

1: 4:{

-: 5: int i, total;

-: 6:

1: 7: total = 0;

-: 8:

11: 9: for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)

1: 9-block 0

10: 9-block 1

11: 9-block 2

10: 10: total += i;

-: 11:

1: 12: if (total != 45)

1: 12-block 0

#####: 13: printf ("Failure/n");

$$$$$: 13-block 0

-: 14: else

1: 15: printf ("Success/n");

1: 15-block 0

1: 16: return 0;

1: 16-block 0

-: 17:}

-: 18:

(2) -b, --branch-probabilities

在.gcov文件中输出每个分支的执行频率，并有分支统计信息。

# gcov -b test.c

File 'test.c'

Lines executed:87.50% of 8

Branches executed:100.00% of 4

Taken at least once:75.00% of 4

Calls executed:50.00% of 2

test.c:creating 'test.c.gcov'

-: 0:Source:test.c

-: 0:Graph:test.gcno

-: 0:Data:test.gcda

-: 0:Runs:1

-: 0:Programs:1

-: 1:#include

-: 2:

-: 3:int main (void)

function main called 1 returned 100% blocks executed 86% 1: 4:{

-: 5: int i, total;

-: 6:

1: 7: total = 0;

-: 8:

11: 9: for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)

branch 0 taken 91%

branch 1 taken 9% (fallthrough)

10: 10: total += i;

-: 11:

1: 12: if (total != 45)

branch 0 taken 0% (fallthrough)

branch 1 taken 100%

#####: 13: printf ("Failure/n");

call 0 never executed

-: 14: else

1: 15: printf ("Success/n");

call 0 returned 100%

1: 16: return 0;

-: 17:}

-: 18:

(3) -c, --branch-counts

在.gcov文件中输出每个分支的执行次数。

# gcov -c test.c

File 'test.c'

Lines executed:87.50% of 8

test.c:creating 'test.c.gcov'

-c是默认选项，其结果与"gcov test.c"执行结果相同。

2.lcov

lcov -d . -t ‘Hello test’ -o ‘hello_https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8216727884.html,’ -b . -c

指定lcov在当前目录“.”去找代码覆盖的信息，输出为’hello_https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8216727884.html,’ ，这个hello_https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8216727884.html,是一个中间结果，需要把它用genhtml来处理一下，genhtml是lcov里面的一个工具。

genhtml -o result hello_https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8216727884.html,

指定输出目录是 result。一个完整的html报告就生成了，做一个连接，把这个目录连到随便一个web server的目录下，就可以看报告了。

3.总结：

gcov是配合gcc产生覆盖信息报告的工具；

lcov是将gcov产生的报告信息，以更直观的方式显示出来工具

基本的使用方法分为4个阶段：

（一）、gcc编译：产生插装后的目标文件test、gcov结点文件test.gcno

#gcc -fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage -o test test.c

# ls

test test.c test.gcno

说明：参数fprofile-arcs和ftest-coverage告诉gcc编译器：（1）在目标文件test 插装跟踪代码；（2）生成供gcov使用 test.gcno [gcov node 文件]。

因此，这里的生成的目标文件比正常编译的文件大。

（二）、运行目标文件：收集运行覆盖信息test.gcda

# ./test

Success -- 这里是运行结果。

# ls

test test.c test.gcno test.gcda

这里test.gcda运行结果，

(三）、gcov产生报告信息：test.c.gcov

#gcov test.c

File 'test.c'

Lines executed: 87.50% of 8

test.c: creating 'test.c.gcov'

#ls

test test.c test.c.gcov test.gcda test.gcno

(四）、lcov：格式化test.c.gcov，输出到https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8216727884.html,文件

#lcov -d . -t 'test' -o 'https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8216727884.html,' -b . -c

说明：

-d . ：参数 d指路径， "." 指当前路径

-t "name" :指目标文件，这里是 test

-o "filename" :输出格式化后的信息文件名

（五）、genhtml：根据信息文件（.info）产生html 文档，输出到一个文件夹中

#genhtml -o result https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8216727884.html,

说明: -o directory ：参数o （output）后面跟路径名称，在当前目录下创建指定目录，本例中是result

至此：可以在result目录中打开index.html 浏览覆盖信息

一．创建测试用例

1.new project->other project ->Qt unit test

2.编写一个单元测试程序

文件列表:

qtestlib/tutorial1/testqstring.cpp

qtestlib/tutorial1/tutorial1.pro

假设你要测试QString类的行为。首先，你需要一个用于包含测试函数的类。这个类必须从QObject继承：

class TestQString: public QObject

{

Q_OBJECT

private slots:

void toUpper();

};

注意你需要包含QTest头文件，并且测试函数必须声明为私有槽，这样测试框架才可以找到并执行他们。

然后你需要实现测试函数。实现看起来类似这样：

QVERIFY()宏将计算传入的表达式的值。如果为真，则测试函数继续进行；否则会向测试日志中增加一条描述错误的信息，并且该测试函数会停止执行。

但是如果需要向测试日志中增加更多的输出信息，你应该使用QCOMPARE()宏：void TestQString::toUpper()

{

QString str = “Hello”;

QVERIFY(str.toUpper() == “HELLO”);

}

如果两个字符串不相等，他们的值都会追加到测试日志中，这样失败的原因就一目了然了。

最后，为使我们的测试程序能够单独执行，需要加入下列两行：

QTEST_MAIN(TestQString)

#include “testqstring.moc”

QTEST_MAIN()宏将扩展成一个简单的main()函数，该main()函数会执行所有的测试函数。注意：如果测试类的声明和实现都在同一个cpp文件中，需要包含产生的moc文件，以使Qt的内省机制起作用。

执行测试程序

运行生成的可执行文件，你会看到下列输出:

********* Start testing of TestQString *********

Config: Using QTest library 4.5.1, Qt 4.5.1

PASS : TestQString::initTestCase()

PASS : TestQString::toUpper()

PASS : TestQString::cleanupTestCase()

Totals: 3 passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped

********* Finished testing of TestQString *********

三．Mac 下具体配置

1.确保gcol ,lcol,genhtml 已经安装

2.在工程文件pro中添加

QMAKE_CXXFLAGS += -g -Wall -fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage -O0

QMAKE_LFLAGS += -g -Wall -fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage -O0

LIBS += \

-lgcov

3. 创建processCoverage.sh

#!/bin/bash

##################################################################### #########

# Copyright (c) 2013, Robert Wloch

# All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials

# are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0 # which accompanies this distribution, and is available at

# https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8216727884.html,/legal/epl-v10.html

#

# Contributors:

# Robert Wloch - initial API and implementation

##################################################################### #########

if [ ! $# -eq 3 ]; then

echo "usage: ${0} \"\" " exit 0

fi

lcov -d ${1} -c -o ${1}/https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8216727884.html,

lcov --list-full-path -e ${1}/https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8216727884.html, ${2} –o ${1}/https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8216727884.html,

genhtml -o ${3} ${1}/https://www.sodocs.net/doc/8216727884.html,

lcov -d ${1} –z

exit 0

4.

-txt > tlog && (//processCoverage.sh

"*//src/*" && /index.html) || (test -f UnitTestMonitor && UnitTestMonitor) &

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