中科院研究生英语A英语速读第一册期中考试翻译试题(全)

Passage1（共4句）

1. Among his first efforts in this area was ―Tommy Tucker’s Tooth‖ (1922), a short combining live action and animation made on assignment for a local dentist.

他在这个领域的第一个成就是―汤米塔克的牙‖（1922），一部结合了生动动作和动画，描述给当地医生任务的短剧。

2. A 1945 Look magazine article, titled ―Walt Disney: Teacher of Tomorrow,‖ described Disney as ―revolutionizing an educational system‖ and cited how the Donald Duck short ―The New Spirit,‖ made for the United States Treasury Department, affected 37 percent of Americans regarding their willingness to pay taxes

1945年，瞭望杂志一篇标题为―沃特迪斯尼：老师的明天‖的文章，把迪斯尼描述为―改革一个教育体系‖，并且引用美国财政部是如何用唐老鸭短剧―新的精神‖来影响37%的美国人交税的意愿。

3. This film contributed to Disney’s being presented with an award of merit, for his contribution to public safety, by the Automobile Club of Southern California.

因为迪斯尼对于公共安全的贡献，南加利福尼亚汽车俱乐部给予迪斯尼功绩的奖赏。

4. I’m not an educator. My primary purpose is to entertain – though if people want to read education into my work, that’s fine with me.

尽管他的一些作品中体现一些教育意义，但他很快指出“我不是教育家，我的主要目的是娱乐，但如果人们想要从我的工作中受到教育，我也乐于接受”。

Passage 2（共3句）

1. Diffusion is the process by which molecules or ions scatter or spread from regions where they are in higher concentrations towards regions where they are in lower concentrations.

扩散是分子或离子从高浓度区域分散或散布至低浓度区域的过程。

2. Such motion is haphazard, but it accounts for the mixing of molecules that commonly occurs when different kinds of substances are put together.

这种运动是无规则的,但它解释了将不同种类的物质放在一起时，通常会发生分子的混合的原因。

3. Osmosis is a special kind of diffusion. It occurs whenever water molecules diffuse from a region of higher concentration through a selectively permeable membrane, such as a cell membrane.

渗透是一种特殊的扩散。当水分子从高浓度区域通过选择性渗透膜（如细胞膜）扩散时即为渗透。

Passage3（共2句）

1. One of the problems of watching weather forecasts on TV is that by the time they have reached your region, you have tuned out and missed the vital information you have been waiting for. But it is not a problem in the United States because they have a weather channel devoted entirely to weather. Set up in 1982, the Weather Channel was given just weeks to survive by its critics, but such is the interest in the vagaries of the climate that it has thrived.

收看天气预报的一个问题就是当他们播到你那个区域时你已经换台而错过了你一直在等的重要信息。但是在美国不存在这样的问题，因为他们有一个专门的天气频道。天气频道建立于1982年，他的评论家认为它只能存活几周，但是人们对变化莫测的天气如此感兴趣以至于它很盛行。

2. Weather is big business in the United States. The country has 750 weather zones, including eight in the New York metropolitan area alone.

在美国天气是一项大事，这个国家有750个天气区域，单纽约这样的大都市就包含8个区域。

Passage 4（共2句）

1. The Julian calendar devised by Julius Caesar and based on the phases of the moon, had trouble pinning down that date.

儒略历凯撒大帝制定，并根据月相而制定，它很难确定复活节的日期。

2.Aside from setting the first year of the Lord around Jesus’ fourth birthday, it does not had not account for a year 0.The concept of a whole number between minus-one and one had not yet made the journey from the Arab world to Western Europe.

除了设置耶稣的第四个生日为第一年，它不包括0年。一负一和一之间的整数的概念还没有从阿拉伯世界传到西方欧洲。

Passage5（共7句）

1. Do you think it is possible to defeat an opponent so fierce that a glance at her turns one to stone ? This was the fate of anyone who looked upon the Medusa , a dreaded monster whose hair was made of hissing serpents.

你认为有可能击败一个如此凶猛的对手，即看她一眼就会变成石头吗？这是任何一个看Medusa的人的命运，一个可怕的魔鬼，她的头发是嘶嘶叫的蛇所组成的.

2. The brave Perseus undertook to fight the Medusa , but he was compelled to do battle in a most awkward manner .To help Perseus in his venture ,the goddess Minerva had lent him her bright shield ,and the god Mercury had given him winged shoes .

勇敢的Perseus着手与Medusa斗争，但他被迫以一个最不方便的方式在战斗中战斗。为了帮助危险中的Perseus，女神Minerva把她的放光盾借给他，并且Mercury给他了一双有翅膀的鞋子。

3. Cautiously he approached the awesome monster .Using the image of the Medusa in his shield as a guide , he succeeded in cutting off her head and fixing it to the center of Mine rva’s shield

Perseus小心翼翼的靠近了令人恐惧的魔鬼。在他的盾牌上用Medusa的肖像作为一个向导，他成功的把她的头切下来了，并把它装在Minerva的盾牌的中心。

4. Perseus then flew to the realm of King Atlas whose chief pride was his garden filled with golden fruit . Thirsty and near collapse , he pleaded with the King for water to quench his thirst and for a place to rest .

然后，Perseus飞到了Atlas王国的境内，它的首领以他花园中的金色水果为荣。Perseus口渴并接近虚脱，他恳求国王一些水来止渴和一个休息的地方。

5. But Atlas feared that he would be betrayed into losing his golden apples . He uttered just one word ,―Begone!‖Perseus ,finding that he could not pacify Atlas , responded by beckoning him to look upon Medusa’s head .Atlas was changed immediately into stone

但是，Atlas害怕他将会泄露出他的金色苹果。他只说出了一个字―滚蛋！‖Perseus发觉他不能使Atlas平静下来，以引诱他看Medusa的头作为回应。Atlas立刻变成了石头。

6. His head and hair became forests , his body increased in bulk and became cliffs , and the gods ruled that the heaven with all its stars should rest upon his shoulders . Can there be a worse calamity than that which befell Atlas ?

他的头和头发变成了森林，他的身体增大成一块并且变成了悬岩，并且众神规定，天上所有的星星都应在他的肩膀上休息。还有一个更坏的灾难能比降临在Atlas上的还糟吗？

7. Using the image of the Medusa in his shield as a guide, he succeeded in cutting off her head and fixing it to the center of Minerva’s shield.

在他的盾牌上用Medusa的肖像作为一个向导，他成功的把她的头切下来了，并把它装在Minerva的盾牌的中心。

Passage6（共4句）

1. The key to achieving this seemingly unbelievable feat lies in knowing how to make the most of a very natural sleep phenomenon – dreaming.

达到这种看似不可思议的壮举之关键在于了解如何充分利用一个非常自然的睡眠现象——做梦。

2. Your dream can provide you with realistic options, spicy subplots, and believable complications for your story.

你的梦可以提供给你的故事逼真的选择、辛辣的陪衬情节、可信而又复杂情节。

3. Let the images that filled your mind during the dream return.

在梦慢慢回逝时让（梦中的）影像充满你的思维。

4. To prepare for the dream, write a description in your notebook of the character’s personality, physical traits, tastes in music and art---whatever unique characteristics you intend to give her.

做为梦的准备，你可以在笔记本上写一个关于她个性特点、身体特征、音乐和艺术品味——以及任何你打算赋予她的独特个性的描述。

Passage 7（共4句）

1. After some months, the choice was made and work was about to begin when one of the companies which had not been successful complained to the Minister.

几个月后，当两家公司中的一家向部长提出的控诉失败时，选择和工作即将开始。

2. They said that the official who had been responsible for advising him on the choice of a company to do the work had accepted bribes.

他们说，负责建议他选择由哪个公司完成工作的官员接受了贿赂。

3. The Minister at once ordered an inquiry into the whole matter, and after a month has proof that the official had indeed taken bribes.

部长立刻要求对整件事进行调查，一个月后，证明官员确实收受了贿赂。

4. I did not just take on from the company to which I recommended that you should give the work. I took a bribe from each company to favour it in my choice of the one to recommend.

我不仅从我建议你给予工作的公司里接受贿赂。我接受每个公司的贿赂，以帮助我选择推荐哪个公司。

Passage 8（共8句）

1. The prototypes are frozen solid in huge refrigerators, flooded in artificial rainstorms, driven through mud and water and up hills as steep as the steepest hill in San Francisco.

原型车在巨型冰箱中冻得结结实实，在人工暴雨中冲刷，在泥水中穿行，并爬上像旧金山最陡的山那样陡峭的山

2. Attempts to limit female mobility by hampering locomotion are ancient and almost universal.

通过设置运动障碍来限制女性自由的做法很古老也很普遍.

3. They are twisted screeching around sharp corners, jolted over cobblestones, and lifted off the ground and suddenly dropped.

模型车在急转弯处转弯时发出刺耳的声音，在鹅卵石铺成的路上颠簸，被吊起后突然落下。

4. A special machine opens and slams a prototype’s doors 80,000 times, and other instruments test the brakes and the amount of gasoline and oil the engine uses.

用专用机器开关原型车门80000次，并用其他仪器测试刹车系统和发动机的耗油量。

5. Since the same type cars will be sold to customers in Maine as well as Arizona, and Montana as well as Florida, the engineers want to be sure that they will stand up under all kinds of weather and road conditions.

因为同种型号的车要被卖到缅因州，亚利桑那州，蒙大拿州和福罗里达州，工程师要保证这些车可以在各种天气和路况条件下行驶。

6. Among the most severe tests is a head-on collision with another car.

在这些测试中最剧烈的测试是两辆车迎头相撞的测试

7. This shows them whether the car is wearing as well as they had expected, or if changes are necessary.

这项检查告诉工程师们车辆的磨损情况是否和预期相同，或者是否需要更换零部件。

8. Through such tests, engineers designed a collapsing steering column and controlled crush front end and frame to protect drivers from serious injury in case of accident.

通过这种测试，工程师们设计了折叠式转向柱及可控粉碎式前端和车架，用于保护驾驶员在车祸中免受重伤。

Passage 9（共5句）

1. The cliché in legal circles is that ―where there’s a will there are relatives‖

法律界有这么一种说法（广为流传）“哪里有遗嘱，哪里就有亲戚”。

2. Countless millions of families have been torn apart and caused immeasurable pain and expense because the income producer neglected to write a will.

正是因为家庭收入生产者忽视了立遗嘱这个问题，数不清的成千上万的家庭因此支离破碎,造成不可估量的痛苦和损失。

3. There even have been cases in which families have split apart over a set of soup bowls or a couple of clay pots-because a will failed to spell out how the crockery should be divided.

甚至还有这样的例子，由于遗嘱中没有说明陶器如何分配，一些家庭就为一套汤碗或几个黏土罐子而发生分裂。

4. They didn’t know the groom well enough to be sure of him, and they had no use for his father, a widower.

他们并不十分了解新郎所以还不知道他是否可靠，而且不需要了解他的鳏夫父亲。

5. Most people will take just about any advice on how to expand their wealth – but these same people will fail utterly to explore the most economical ways of passing on their assets to their survivors.

大多数人会采纳如何扩大他们财富的建议，但是这些人完全不会寻找最经济的方法把他们的财产分给后人。

Passage 10（共5句）

1. What’s so frightening about this so-called silent killer is that it often does not produce symptoms for years,secretly

damaging arteries and organs throughout the body until it erupts in the form of (stroke,heart attack,congestive heart failure or kidney disease).

这一所谓的潜在杀手的可怕之处在于它常年并不产生症状，而是悄悄地损坏全身的动脉和器官，直到以中风、心脏病、充血性心衰或肾脏疾病的形式爆发出来。

2. If left untreated, even mild hypertension can reduce the life expectancy of a 35-year-old by several years.

如果放弃治疗，即使是轻微的高血压，也会使一个35岁的人减寿几年。

3. Evaluating the results of a 13-year survey undertaken by the National Center for Health Statistics, James H. Dwyer, associate professor of preventive medicine at the University of Southern California School of Medicine, found that people who consumed 1300 milligrams of calcium a day were 12 percent less likely to develop hypertension than those consuming only 300 mg a day.

南加州大学医学院预防医学副教授James H. Dwyer评估了由国家卫生统计中心承担的一项长达13年的调查研究的结果，发现那些每天摄入1300毫克钙的人罹患高血压的可能性比每天只摄入300毫克的人小12 %。

4. Our studies shows that people who try the low-soddium approach don’t stay with it very long.

我们的研究发现，那些想通过低盐饮食方法控制高血压的人们并不能长久坚持下来。

5. Soon doctors may urge some hypertension patients to increase their calcium intake, much the way they now advise sodium restriction.

很快医生们会建议一些高血压患者增加钙的摄入量，就像他们现在建议限制钠的摄入。

Passage11（共3句）

1. If a foreign film is captivating – say the Chinese drama Raise the Red Lantern– within a few minutes the subtitles melt away

如果一部外国电影非常有吸引力，比如说，中国电影大红灯笼高高挂，几分钟之内你就不注意字幕了。

2. One forgets that the characters are speaking a different language, and the message of the film, its plot, its humor, come through.

观众会丢开演员们讲的不同的语言这一事实，而影片的信息、情节、幽默，均会被传达。

3. On his song My Heart, My Life, he also experiments with phrasing that is more direct than the unworldly style of his qawwali work.

在歌曲My Heart, My Life中，他也尝试了比那超凡脱俗的qawwali音乐更直接的表达方式。

Passag12（共4句）

1. Is hunting, as Oscar Wilde said, ―the unspeakable in pursuit of the uneatable,‖ or is it a countryside tradition, misunderstood and defamed by over-sentimental city dwellers?

狩猎是什么？是像奥斯卡·王尔德说的对非食用东西的无法形容的追求，还是被感性的城市居民所误解和诽谤的乡下习俗

2. They use guerrilla tactics to disrupt hunts and end up in violent struggles with the riders , much to the delight of television crews

他们用游击战术破坏狩猎，最后同狩猎者发生武力冲突结束，而这正合电视台工作人员的心意。

3. They see hunting as cruel, elitist and an inefficient way of controlling animals that may not to be controlled anyway. 他们认为狩猎是残忍的，以非正常以及低效率的手段来控制动物的活动，而这些动物们其实并不需要人为的方式来控制它们。

4. They accuse hunters of abusing not only the foxes , deer and hares that they chase, but also of cruelty to the hounds and sometimes to their horses.

他们控告狩猎者不仅滥杀他们追逐的狐狸、鹿和野兔，而且残忍对待他们的猎犬，有时还虐待他们的马。

Passage13（共2句）

1. Unmarked and trackless though the ocean may seem to us, its surface is divided into definite zones, and the pattern of the surface water controls the distribution of its life.(P1,L1)

对我们来说海洋是无形无迹的，但是它的表面被分成了特定的区域，表面海水形态控制着其中生命分布

2. Seasonal abundance of certain forms containing reddish or brown pigments may cause the ―red water‖ known from ancient time in many parts of the world, and so common is this condition in some enclosed seas that they owe their names to it—the Red Sea is an example.(P4,L3)

自古以来在世界很多地方都有发现,含有微红色、棕色色素的特定组分的季节性富集可能会形成―红水‖，在一些封闭的海域这种情况是很常见的以至于用它做名字—红海是其中的一个例子。

Passage 14（共7句）

1. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines.

目前，使用这类物品的有关规定完全由各航空公司来制定。

2. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights.

尽管有些航空公司禁止乘客在飞机起飞和降落时使用这类物品，大多数航空公司由于考虑到很多乘客想在飞行过程中工作而不愿意实行全程禁止。

3. The source of this interference remains unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic devices such as laptops, mobile phones, radio and cassette players and game machines.

虽然仍没有确认产生干扰的原因，但渐渐地，专家指出产生这些干扰应归咎于便携式电子设备，像便携式电脑，手机，收音机，录音机和游戏机等。

4. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights. calling for 现在分词做补语，对专家的意见进一步说明

一些专家甚至更进一步地要求在整个飞行过程中都应禁止使用（电子设备）。

5. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights.

虽然有一些航线会在起飞和降落的时候禁止乘客使用这些设备，大部分航线还是不愿意强迫乘客全程禁止使用这些设备的，因为他们考虑到大部分乘客想要在乘飞机的时候工作。

6. Experts know that portable devices emit radiation which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication.

专家知道，便携式电子设备会发射射线，这些射线会对飞机上用于航行和通信所使用的无线电波产生影响。

7.The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable to interference raises（增加，引发）the risk that terrorists may deliberately tamper with radio systems in order to sabotage navigation equipment.

事实是，飞机对于外界干扰的敏感的可能性，会增加飞行危险性，因为恐怖分子可以故意地干预无线电系统来怕坏航行设备。

Passage 15（共5句）

1.The foot-binding of upper-class Chinese girls and the Nigerian custom of loading women’s legs with pounds of heavy brass wire are extreme examples, but all over the world similar stratagems have been employed to make sure that once you have caught a woman she cannot run away, and even if she stays around she cannot keep up with you.

中国上层社会的姑娘的裹足现象和尼日利亚风俗中将姑娘双腿绑上几磅重黄铜线的行为是比较极端的例子，但是放眼整个世界，人们都在用类似的方法来确保一旦你追上一个女性她就跑不掉，即使她在你旁边，她也跟不上你。

2. The lotus foot, which seems to us a deformity, was passionately admired in China for centuries, and today most people in Western society see nothing ugly in the severely compressed toes produced by modern footwear.

在我们看来十分畸形的莲花足在中国却流行了很多世纪，今天很多西方社会的人并不觉得挤在时髦的女鞋里的极度压缩的脚趾有多么的丑陋。

3.The high –heeled, narrow-toed shoes that for most of this century have been an essential part of woman’s costume are considered sexually attractive, partly because they make the legs look longer—an extended leg is the biological sign of sexual availability in several animal species—and because they produce what anthropologists call a ―courtship strut.‖

在这个世纪的大部分时间中高跟的窄面的鞋成为女性时装领域的主要部分，它被认为是性感的诱惑，部分原因是它们能让女性的腿看起来更加修长，在一些种类的动物中，长腿是可以交配的生物学信号，因为它们可以跳出被人类学家称为的―求爱舞步‖。

4. Worst of all, if they are worn continually from adolescence on, they deform the muscles of the feet and legs so that it becomes even more painful and difficult to walk in flat soles.

最坏的一点是，如果她们从青春期就开始持续的穿高跟鞋，脚部和腿部的肌肉会由此变形，因此再穿平底鞋走路时她们会感觉到更加痛苦和艰难。

5. The halting, tiptoe gait they produce is thought provocative—perhaps because it guarantees that no woman wearing them can outrun a man who is chasing her.

这种慢吞吞，用脚尖走路的步态被认为具有挑逗性，或许因为它能保证穿着它们的女人无法在追求她们的男人面前跑掉。

Passage 16（共3句）

1. Students and faculty at many colleges now have access to email—electronic mail— which combines the capabilities of the computer with those of the phone line.

现在很多大学的老师和学生已经开始使用电子邮件，电子邮件是依靠电话线来联合计算机的能力。

2. No matter how many messages you send or how far you send them, your college or university does not pay anything beyond the fixed amount required to maintain its own proportion of the Internet.

无论你发送多少信息或者你把这些信息发送多远，你的学院或者大学不会支付任何超出需要维护互联网自身平衡金额。

3. As important as speed is the fact that documents traveling directly from computer to computer remain as computer files rather than as a fixed printed page.

如同速度一样重要的事实是文件作为计算机文档直接从计算机传送到计算机,而不是作为一个固定的打印页。

Passage 17（共1句）

1. It says if the cause is medicine the person may be using , then he or she should ask the doctor for a similar medicine that does not produce dry mouth.

这篇杂志认为，如果口干是由患者正在服用的药物引起的，那么，他（她）应该让医生开与此相似的却不会导致口干的药物。

Passage 18（共4句）

1. Although this may have been true for some Arctic region Eskimos, it was not indicative of the life of most Alaskan Eskimos.

尽管对一些北极地区的爱斯基摩人来说这些情况是真实的，但不能代表大多数阿拉斯加爱斯基摩人的生活状

态。

2. This kind of life-style that a particular group of Alaskan Eskimos followed at the time of the first European exploration of their homeland largely depended on the environment.

就在第一批欧洲人探索阿拉斯加州地区的时候，那里的爱斯基摩人的特殊族群所沿用的生活方式在很大程度上是由环境所造成的

3. In the center of t he community was a large structure known as a men’s club or communal house.

在社区的中心是一个很大的被称为男士俱乐部或公共的房屋的建筑。

4. This clubhouse was used by the men for various activities in their leisure time. Also included in most communities were drying racks for meat and fish and storage pits where supplies for use during the winter months might be kept.

大多社区中也有肉和鱼的风干架，及用于储藏冬季数月食粮的储藏窖

Passage 19（共4句）

1. Such migrations optimize the environment for the organisms, as they move to areas where food is plentiful, breeding is safest or temperatures are optimal.

这种迁徙使得生物的生存环境得到了优化，因为它们是迁往食物丰富，繁殖最安全或者温度适宜的地方。

2. There is little experimental evidence for celestial navigation in animals other than humans, since the organism must localize itself on the earth’s surface as well as ma intain compass heading.

除了人类，鲜有实验证据可以证明动物也可以进行天体导航，因为这要求生物体必须将自己定位在地球表面上，就像保持罗盘方向一样。

3. They seem to be due not to genetic or inborn traits, but rather to a sort of environmental imparting.

它们似乎不是由于遗传或与生俱来的特征，而是一种有关环境的铭记(动物生命早期即起作用的一种学习机能）。

4. In other words, the animal has learned some recognizable aspect of its environment, and navigation consists of a search pattern followed until some environmental feature is recognized.

换句话说，动物已经学会它所在环境中一些可认识的方面，并且在一些环境特征被认识之前，导航是由跟随的

搜索模式构成的。然后动物向有这种特点的环境迁徙。

Passage 20（共4句）

1. Now they’re doing well in school. But should you be taking credit?

现在他们（孩子们）在学校表现得很好，但是这应该归功于你们（父母）吗？

2. In the wake of the controversy that book stirred，The Wall Street Journal published a statement signed by 52 researchers saying studies ― indicate that genetics plays a bigger role than does environment in creating I.Q. differences‖.

紧接着这本书激起的争论之后,《华尔街》杂志刊登了一篇由52个研究员署名的声明，研究表明在产生智力差异方面基因比环境发挥了更大的作用。

3. Are efforts to improve their kids’ academic skills just time down the drain.

难道提高孩子学术技能的努力仅仅是在浪费时间吗？

4. Indeed, a growing number of research shows that, especially in the early years of life when the brain is still taking shape, parental attention – even such a simple activity as playing peekaboo – helps to construct the complex brain circuitry essential to intellectual development.

尤其是在大脑还在发育的早期阶段（婴幼儿阶段），父母的关心，例如甚至于像与孩子玩躲猫猫这种简单的游戏，会有助于形成对孩子的智力发展很

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第一单元 “一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。 “Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,” says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting …there? faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move q uickly, but you have to know how t o decide where …there? is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.” 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师们来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Lastly, professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards. Most lawyers find self worth in setting an example—both within the profession and within the larger society—as ethical actors. When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings, it provides yet another form of compensation. 第四单元 很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友，在学校的表现，如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况，以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感连系。正是因为这些原因，人们与家庭成员的早期亲密关系才如此至关重要。在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults. It is for these reasons thatpeople's early intimate relationships within their family of origin1 are so critical. Children who are raised in impersonal environments (orphanage, some foster homes, or unloving families) show emotional and social underdevelopment, language and motor skills retardation, and mental health problems. 一开始让人相互吸引的是什么?许多人相信“世上有一个人是你为之而生的”，而且命运会将你俩带到一起。这样的想法很浪漫却不现实。实证研究发现，是文化标准和价值观而非命运，将人们连系在一起。我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人，因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局，这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。 What attracts individuals to each other in the first place? Many people believe that "there's one person out there that one is meant for" and that destiny will bring them together. Such beliefs are romantic but unrealistic. Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are "filtered out" by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due ton factors such as age, race, distance, Social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearanc e. 第五单元 做瑜伽没有场地的限制，一套瑜伽动作通常需要20 分钟到两个小时或者更多的时间，而一个小时左右的时间则是一系列动作和冥想的最佳选择。根据瑜伽师和学派的不同，一些瑜伽动作做起来辛苦异常，而另一些却只是在呼吸和心跳平稳的情况下调整和伸展肢体。每天练习瑜伽会达到最好的效果，随着动作越来越熟练，你就可以加大强度和难度这样瑜伽就能成为你相伴终生的日常锻炼方式了。练习基础的瑜伽动作即可收到增强力量，改善柔韧性并使人感到舒适的效果，但要想达到完美和高深的境界还是需要日积月累的练习，这也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。 Yoga routines can take anywhere from 20 minutes to two or more hours, with one hour being a good time investment to perform a sequence of postures and a meditation. Some yoga routines, depending on the teacher and school, can be as strenuous as the most difficult workout, and some routines merely stretch and align the body while the breath and heart rate are kept slow and steady. Yoga achieves its best results when it is practiced as a daily discipline, and yoga can be a life-long exercise routine, offering deeper and more challenging positions as a practitioner becomes more adept. The basic positions can increase a person?s strength, flexibility and sense of well-being almost immediately, but it can take years to perfect and deepen them, which is an appealing and stimulating aspect of yoga for many. 第七单元 人性的恒定性是众所周知的，因为没有人相信一个人能够从根本上改变他的本性。这就是为什么一个恶名远扬的人很难重建公众对他的信心。人们凭经验知道某一年中表现出无赖性格的人不太可能在第二年有任何改观。小偷也不会变成值得信赖的员工。吝

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1.自从有了移动电话后，他再也没有给朋友写信了。(no longer) Answer:He has no longer written to his friends ever since he got a mobile phone. 2. 尽管很忙，他每天至少花两小时上网(surf the Internet)，了解这个领域的最新动态。(even though) Answer:Even though he is very busy, he spends at least two hours every day surfing the Internet in order to know about the latest developments in this field. 3. 李教授在毕业典礼上作了一个简短的讲话，他的话深深铭刻在我的记忆中。(impress upon) Answer:Professor Li gave a short speech at the commencement. His words were / What he said was strongly impressed upon my memory. 4. 讲到期末考试，学生们一点儿都不紧张，他们满脸都是自信。(confidence) Answer:Talking of the final exams, the students were not nervous at all. There was full confidence on every one's face. 5. 在30分钟内写出一篇约100个词的短文，对于他们班大多数学生来说不过是小菜一碟。(snap) Answer:To write a short passage of about 100 words in 30 minutes would be a snap to most students in their class. 2. 1 Outside the reception room, a group of job hunters huddled around the receptionist, asking about the interview due to begin in a few minutes. 2 With all this assurance of her working experiences she felt ready and able to find a job in the big company. 3 The parents' smiles broadened as they noted that their sons and daughters appeared at the entrance. 4 I just want to impress upon you that even though your thesis may pass, there are still some grammatical mistakes to be corrected. 5 The years have obscured the face of the doctor, but not her kindness towards the patients. 3. 1. 我发觉自己对英语口语有着浓厚的兴趣。(find... doing) Answer:I've found myself having great interest in spoken English.

研究生英语综合教程(上)课后翻译答案

研究生（英语）课后部分翻译答案 1. “一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。 “Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,” says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting …there? faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move quickly, but you have to know how to decide where …there? is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.”（第一章 P29 第一段） 2. 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师们来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Lastly, professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards. Most lawyers find self worth in setting an example—both within the profession and within the larger society—as ethical actors. When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings, it provides yet another form of compensation.（第一章 P29 第二段） 3. 最近的调查显示越来越多的人抱怨饭菜质量平平，价格昂贵，而法国烹饪的衰落还不止于此。这在法国可不是个小问题，要知道2002年美食旅游为法国创收180 亿欧元，占到全部旅游收入的1/4。越来越多的餐馆老板反映政府的税收和经济政策限制了他们的利润，也就影响了他们投资和雇佣更多人手的能力。束缚他们手脚的是令法国不那么光彩的繁琐拖拉的公事程序，更不要说那些来自欧盟的规定，从销售税到布里乳酪里含细菌的指标统统都在严格的掌控之中。 The decline goes well beyond recent surveys that show growing complaints about mediocre quality and high prices—no small concern in a country where tourisme gastronomique earned 18 billion euros in 2002, a quarter of all tourist revenues. More and more restaurateurs say that government tax and economic policies are limiting their profits, and thereby hurting their capacity to invest and hire more staff. They have become ensnarred in the red tape for which France is infamous—not to mention edicts from Brussels that affect everything from sales taxes to the bacteria in the Brie.（第二章 P59 第一段） 4. 浙江菜口味清淡，精致玲珑，是长江下游区域菜肴的代表。西湖醋鱼是其中的一道名菜。这道菜鲜美，酥嫩，带着自然的清香。中国乃至世界各地的中餐馆大都能找得到这道菜，但口味往往不及在浙江杭州吃得那般纯正。因为只有杭州拥有来自西湖的鱼和水。 Zhejiang cuisine is light and exquisite, and is typical of food from along the lower Yangtze River. One famous dish is West Lake Vinegar Fish, which looks pretty and has the delicate refreshing flavors of nature. Many Chinese restaurants in China, as well as other parts of the world, serve this dish, but often the flavor is less authentic compared to that found in Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang Province, which has unique access to the fish and water of West Lake.（第二章 P59 第二段） 5. 不管如何解释，工作与生活的平衡总是欧洲人的主要谈资，同时也是智囊团和政策制定者研究和考虑的主题。在美国，人们使用这个说法时总是带着几分针对那些吃蛋奶火腿馅饼的有闲人士才会表现出来的冷嘲热讽的态度。但是，它可能还是会流行起来的。时任《纽约时报》执行主编的比尔?凯勒曾鼓励员工们要给生活增加一些色彩，多陪陪家人或去欣赏艺术。 Whatever the explanation, the idea of a work-life balance is a staple of European discourse, studied