ARGUMENT写作模板

一、经不起推敲的类推

The argument relies on what might be a incorrect analogy between (类推的几样事物). In order for ..... the (提建议的那个人) must offer effective evidences that all relevant circumstances including... are essentially the same. However, this assumption is unwarranted. For example, the argument neglects the possibility that (被作者忽略的其它可能性). Perhaps (设想一种未考虑到的可能性) .Or, perhaps....

二、将因果关系与单纯的关联关系或者时间关系混淆起来

The argument makes the conclusion based on a known correlation between (有关系的两类事物) that the latter/former is attributable, at least partly, to the former/latter. Y et the correlation alone amounts to scant evidence of the asserted cause-and-effect relationship. Perhaps.... can be caused by other factors as well, which are not mentioned in these particular states but present in all others. Moreover, the argument overlooks the fact that (指出被作者忽略的东西). The author has not taken into account the possibility that (提出其它可能性). If this is the case, then the conclusion that (建议) would lack any merit whatsoever.

三、认为一个群体的特征适用于该群体的所有成员

The argument assumes that ... Yet, the author fails to offer any evidence to substantiate this crucial assumption. Absent such evidence, it is just as likely that (指出未被考虑到的可能性); for the matter, perhaps....., in which event the author`s recommendation woul d amount to especially poor advice.

四、认为某条件是某结果的必要/充足条件

（常出现于采取某种方法以达到某种目的）

The recommendation depends on the assumption that no alternative means of .... are available. Yet, no evidence is offered to substantiate this assumption. Admittedly, the.... is some evidence that no other program/measure is as likely to achieve the desired result. However, it is entirely possible that means other than this or any other .... would also achieve the desired result. Perhaps... Or, perhaps... without considering and ruling out these and other alternative means of ...... the author/speaker can out confidently conclude that......

（此段攻击要想达到目的，必须采取这种方法的思路）

The recommendation depends on the additional unsubstantiated assumption that adopting....... would to the desired extent. Absent evidence that this is the case, it is equally possible that adopting the program would not suffice by itself. （提出其它达到目标所需的条件）:otherwise, the program will not be effective. In short, unless the superintendent can show that the program will be effectively implemented and received, I can not accept the recommendation.

五、基于可能不具有代表性的的统计数据

One problem with the argument involves the cited statistics about ..... It is unreasonable to draw any conclusions about ...... based on statistics about...... Depending on the.... It is entirely possible that ....are not representative of...... For example, perhaps (提出其它可能性) If so, then the editorial`s recommendation might amount to poor advice for students at other soifeges.

六、基于不准确的调查或民意测验结果

The survey methodology might be problematic in two respects: First, we are not informed whether the survey required that respondents choose their ..... between alternatives: If it did, then the results might distort the preferences of the respondents, who might very well prefer ......not provided in the survey. Secondly, we are not informed whether survey responses were anonymous, or even confidential. If they were not..... In either event, the survey results would be unreliable for the purpose of drawing any conclusions about ......

七、认为一切事物都是永恒不变的

The author claims that .....: Absent evidence to support this inference, it is just as likely that the .....or that......: For the matter, perhaps...... Any of these scenarios, if true. would serve to undermine the author`s claim that.......

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executives need and the success of their firms. Of the advertising firms studied those whose executives reported needing no more than 6 hours of sleep per night had higher profit margins and faster growth. These results suggest that if a business wants to prosper, it should hire only people who need less than 6 hours of sleep per night. Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted. 作文题目翻译 最近一项研究根据每晚平均睡眠时间对300名男性和女性Mentian广告经理需要的睡眠总量与他们公司的成功之间的关联。被研究的广告公司中，那些报告每晚需要的睡眠不超过6小时的经理有较高的利润率和较快的增长。这些结果表明，如果一个企业想要成功，就应该雇佣那些每晚只需要不超过6小时睡眠时间的人。 写一篇回应*，探讨上述论据中明示和/或隐含的假设，并解释该论据如何建立在这些假设之上;如果这些假设不合理，会对该论据产生什么影响";

新GRE 北美范文精析 Argument 12 范文精析

Argument 12 12、Fifteen years ago, Omega University implemented a new procedure that encouraged students to evaluate the teaching effectiveness of all their professors. Since that time, Omega professors have begun to assign higher grades in their classes, and overall student grade averages at Omega have risen by 30 percent. Potential employers, looking at this dramatic rise in grades, believe that grades at Omega are inflated and do not accurately reflect student achievement; as a result, Omega graduates have not been as successful at getting jobs as have graduates from nearby Alpha University. To enable its graduates to secure better jobs, Omega University should terminate student evaluation of professors. In this memo Omega University's dean points out that Omega graduates are less successful in getting jobs than Alpha University graduates, despite the fact that during the past 15 years the overall grade average of Omega students has risen by 30%. The dean also points out that during the past 15 years Omega has encouraged its students, by way of a particular procedure, to evaluate the effectiveness of their professors. The dean reasons that this procedure explains the grade-average increase, which in turn has created a perception among employers that Omega graduates are less qualified for jobs. On the basis of this line of reasoning the dean concludes that to enable Omega graduates to find better jobs Omega must terminate its professor-evaluation procedure. This argument contains several logical flaws, which render it unconvincing. A threshold problem with the argument involves the voluntary nature of the evaluation procedure. The dean provides no evidence about the or percentage of Omega students who participate in the procedure. Lacking such evidence it is entirely possible that those numbers are insignificant, in which case terminating the procedure is unlikely to have any effect on the grade average of Omega students or their success in getting jobs after graduation. The argument also assumes unfairly that the grade-average increase is the result of the evaluation procedure--rather than some other phenomenon. The dean ignores a host of other possible explanations for the increase--such as a trend at Omega toward higher or higher quality instruction or facilities. Without ruling out all other possible explanations for the grade-average increase, the dean cannot convince me that by terminating the evaluation procedure Omega would curb its perceived grade inflation let alone help its graduates get jobs. Even if the evaluation procedure has resulted in grade inflation at Omega, the dean's claim that grade inflation explains why Omega graduates are less successful than Alpha graduates in getting jobs is unjustified. The dean overlooks a myriad of other possible reasons for Omega's comparatively poor job-placement record. Perhaps Omega's career services are inadequate; or perhaps Omega's curriculum does not prepare students for the job market as effectively as Alpha's. In short, without accounting for other factors that might contribute to Omega graduates' comparative lack of success in getting jobs, the dean cannot justify the claim that if Omega curbs its grade inflation employers will be more likely to hire Omega graduates. 这段话的内容太重复了这个描述不够清晰 直接说有调查错误 就好了 the survey cited by the author is not reliable. 这篇文章的数据有很多问题，比如30%和average 这个因果关系的 梳理很好这两个原因列举 的很好 划线部分是 让步攻击部分， 即使上面这个逻辑 错误不存在，那么 后面这个也有问题

gre写作超经典范文鉴赏!

gre写作超经典范文鉴赏! 想要知道gre写作考试满分作文是肿么写出来的，就非常有必要参考、分析相关范文。出于这样的考虑，在接下来的文章中，天道小编将与您分享一份堪称经典的gre写作范文，相信备战新 gre写作的朋友一定会需要! 以下就是小编准备的gre写作范文啦，备战gre写作的考生们不知道你们准备好了么?提前预祝大家能够在新gre写作考试中取得佳绩! A nationshould require all its students to study the same national curriculum until theyenter college ratherthan allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses tooffer. The speaker would prefer a nationalcurriculum for all children up until college instead of allowing schools in different regionsthe freedom to decide on their own curricula. I agree insofar as some common core curriculumwould serve useful purposes for any nation. At the same time, however, individual statesand communities should have some freedom to augment any such curriculum as theysee fit; otherwise, a nation's educational system might defeat its own purposes in the long term. A national core curriculum would bebeneficial to a nation in a number of respects. First of all,by providing all children withfundamental skills and knowledge, a common core curriculum would help ensure that our childrengrow up to become reasonably informed, productive members of society. In addition, acommon core curriculum would provide a predictable foundation upon which collegeadministrators and faculty could more easily build curricula and select course materials for freshmenthat are neither below nor above their level of educational experience. Finally, a core curriculumwould ensure that all school-children are taught core values upon which any democraticsociety depends to thrive, and even survive--values such as tolerance of others with differentviewpoints, and respect for others. However, a common curriculum that isalso an exclusive one would pose certain problems,which might outweigh the benefits,noted above. First of all, on what basis would certain course work be included or excluded,and who would be the final decision- maker? In all likelihood these decisions would be inthe hands of federal legislators and regulators, who are likely to have their own quirkynotions of what should and should not be taught to children--notions that may or may notreflect those of most communities, schools, or parents. Besides, government officials arenotoriously susceptible to influence-peddling by lobbyists who do not have the best interests ofsociety's children in mind.