商务交际英语(1)期末复习

《商务交际英语（1）》期末复习

一纸开卷

一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分）主要测试学生对基本概念的理解和应用,参考练习册每章的第一部分练习。

如：

1.Which of the following describes a memo written to a president from a department supervisor?

A

A.Upward, formal, internal

2.Which se ntence contains five W?s? B

B. New employees should report at 8:30 a.m. on Monday, October for an orientation session.

3. Which of the following main ideas should be communicated in a business message in indirect order? D

D. Your library books are overdue and a fine has been assessed.

4. Which of the following describes a cross-cultural communication situation? C

C. A receptionist speaks slowly to a client who speaks with a heavy accent.

5. Instead of making judgements based on sterotypes, you should B

B. learn to understand people as individuals

6. A key to receiving honest feedback is C

C. the sender?s attitude

7.An agenda is B

B. the order of business to be discussed during a meeting

8. Which of the following should be used for a message that is to provide information for a group of people (some are inside the company and some are outside)? C

C. A report

9. Which of the following statements promotes goodwill by using courteous words? D

D. Perhaps you overlooked last month?s statement, as your account is past due.

10. The heading of a memo in traditional format consist of B .

B. TO, FROM, DATE, and SUBJECT lines

11.Which of the following is an internal barrier tocommunication? A

A. The shyness of person.

12. Which of the following statements best defines communication? C

C. The sending and interpreting of messages.

13. The sender signs his or her initials or name to memo to indicate that he or she C

C. has read the memo

14. Which of the following is a form of secondary research? A

A. Reading an article in a magazine.

15. Which of the following sentences contains a redundant expression? A

A. Currently we have an overstock of red and blueT-shirt, as of his week.

16. Which type of letter is considered a goodwill letter? A

A. A letter of acknowledgement.

17. Which of the following would be part of an analytical report? D

D. All of the above.

18. Which of the following would be the best beginning for an acknowledgement? D

D. I received your order for 15 speaker sets.

19. Which of the following is based on date? A

A. Findings.

20. Which of the following is an example of external communication? B

B. A collection letter sent to a customer.

21. Cultural differences can be communication barriers because D .

D. technologies used by people of different cultures vary.

22. Which of the following letter parts is optional? A

A. dateline

23. Which of the following would be the best beginning for an acknowledgement? B

B. Here at ABE company, we sincerely appreciate your business.

24. Which of the following is a supplementary part of a formal report? C

C. Talbe of contents

25. Effective teams B .

B. strive to avoid conflict

二. 正误判断（每小题2分，共20分）选自练习册中的正误判断练习。

Write a T in the space provided if the statement is true. Write an F in the space if the statement is false.

T 1.The population of the United States is becoming even more culturally mixed.

F 2.The business environment in the United Stated is so dominated by white Americans that a company is unlikely to be owned by a non-U.S. citizen.

F 3. A muutinational company simply sells products or purchases goods from another country.

T 4. Communicating with a coworker whose background differs from your own can be just as challenging as communicating with a colleague visiting from a foreign country.

T 5. Cultural differences can be communication barriers.

F 6. The English language is the most widely used language in the world.

T 7. Even a simple gesture such as a wave or a smile can mean different things to people of difference cultures.

T 8. Most Americans are comfortable with a personal space of at least 18 inches.

T 9. Learning to speak at least a few polite words of another language is usually taken as a sign of respect by others who speak that language.

F 10. It is best to avoid drawing pictures for people whose first language is not English; they will more than likely be insulted.

F 11. Cultural diversity is the most common and most important type of diversity found in the American workplace.

F 12. Stereotypes help us understand other groups of people, even without getting to know individuals within the group.

T 13. An effective work team goes through a process of development that involves getting acquainted, establishing roles,and carrying out tasks.

T 14. Members of effective work teams have a strong group identity and foster improvement by reviewing both succeses and failures.

T 15.All business messages should promote goodwill.

F 16. The supporting information contains the main idea.

F 17. Generally, business communications that contain positive messages are organized in direct-indirect order.

T 18. In direct order, the main idea precedes its supporting information.

19. These words are unbiased:

F a. actress

F b. businessman

T c. flight attendant

T d. supervisor

F 20. In business communication, you should write in formal sentences rather than in a flowing, conversational style.

T 21. In good business writing, the writer sometimes addresses the receiver by name.

F 22. A paragraph must have at least three sentences to be complete.

F 23. Using only short, simple sentences is best for business messages.

T 24. Transitions connect senteces and paragraphs by showing relationships between them.

T 25. The most common errors found when proofreading are word/letter omissions or additions, transposed letters, and misspelling.

F 6. Once you run your word processor?s spell checker, your writing will be free of spelling errors.

三、简答题（每小题4分，共20分）

部分选自练习册中的简答题练习。

What is a receiver-oriented message?

如：

What are the purposes of communication? Give an example of each.

What does the sender need to do enhance his or her chances of successful communication?

List the four steps that should be used when planning a letter.

What are the benefits of diversity in the workplace?

What are the four parts of a traditional memo heading?

List four techniques that can be used to state negative news tactfully.

Why should every business message include an expression of goodwill?

What is cultural diversity?

Why is body language important when communicating across cultures?

How do some goodwill letters vary from other goodwill letters?

What can result if a message is not properly planned or organized?

What is a soft sale?

What are the four parts of a traditional memo heading?

How does the traditional memo format differ from the simplified memo format?

What care should you take when writing and sending e-mails?

Identify and describe some common abuses of memos.

What does the sender need to do to enhance his or her chances of successful communication? Why is the American workplace likely to become increasingly multicultural?

How can learning about another culture aid cross-cultural communication?

Why is it important for all business communications to promote goodwill?

What are four types of biases to avoid in business communications?

四、阅读理解（每小题2分，共20分）

两篇商务型文章, 选自课外

Passage One

Globalization is the process which helps the development of global markets. If we want…

1. What should we do to help form a global strategy? We should C .

C. consider the influences that globalization has on industries and companies.

2. …The world is shrinking? means the world B .

B. is getting smaller

3. Which of the following statements is CORRECT based on this passage? C

C. A global company can always have more opportunities than a non-global company.

4. It is necessary to think globally in C .

C. both A and B

5. According to the passage, how can you beat your competitors? B

B. By operating your company with a global strategy.

Passage Two

You may have heard that doing business on the Internet is in some way …insecure?. Don?t let that….

1. What is the article mainly talking about? B

B. The main worries on online business.

2. According to the passage, perhaps the online business people will worry about C .

C. both A and B

3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? B

B. If you are trusted by your customers online, there will be no more credit card fraud.

4. What does a friewall work for? C

C. It prevents your rivals from getting access to your internal network.

5. What does the phrase “with abandon” (in the last paragraph) means in this context? A

A. With assurance.

Passage Three

The people that an organization employs are probably its greatest resource. That is why the management of …

1. What is the article mainly talking about? A

A. Management of personnel.

2. Surveys should be carried out in accordance with A .

A. the organization?s general policy and strategy

3. How many kinds of actions should be taken to meet staff?s job satisfaction? B

B. Four.

4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? B

B. Personnel training at the start of the job is more important than that in the later period.

5. People C stay in the same jobs throughout their career.

C. should n?t

Passage Four

From time to time, whatever our occupations are, we need to persuade others to see things …

1. According to the passage, how can we favorably influence others? B

B. By persuading them in favor of us.

2. According to the article, which of the following statements is true? C

C. Many people have bad feeling to the word, selling.

3. According to the passage, when do customers decide to buy a produce? A

A. When they realize the product is a necessity to them.

4. If a salesperson shows you some authoritative statistics which indicate that his product is more popular than others, he is using the B skill mentioned in the last paragraph.

B. third

5. The author?s attitude to selling is A

A. positive

五、翻译（每小题5分，共20分）选自练习册中的每单元的翻译练习。Communication skills are especially important when you communicate with people of diverse backgrounds. In addition to just writing or speaking effectively, you need to add elements of sensitivity, understanding and tolerance in your communication.

复习范围：练习册中每单元的翻译练习（共30题）。

1. Your ability to establish and build relationships affects every aspect of your life. Whether in your social, academic, or professional life, this ability determines the depth of your relationships with your friends, loved ones, family, classmates, and coworkers.

建立关系的能力会影响到你生活的各个方面。不论是在社交、学业和职业方面，这种能力都决定着你与你的朋友、所爱的人、家人、同学、同事的关系的紧密程度。

2. Written message may be composed, edited, and transmitted on computers. These written electronic messages are forms of electronic mail or e-mail.

书面讯息可以利用计算机来撰写、编辑和发送。这种书面电子讯息就是电子邮件，也就是e-mail。

3.Understanding your responsibilities as a participant in communication, understanding the forms of communication, and being aware of barriers to effective communication will aid you in becoming a better communicator.

理解作为交流参与者的责任，理解交流的形式，认识妨碍有效交流的种种问题将有助于你成为一个善于交流的人。

4.As humans, we have two means by which to send message and two means by which we receive them. To send messages, we speak and write; these messages are accompanied by nonverbal symbols. To receive message, we read or listen.

我们人类发出讯息时有两种途径，接收讯息时也有两种途径。我们通过说和写发出讯息，这些讯息会伴有一些非语言符合。我们通过读和听接收讯息。

5.Feedback is the response of a receiver of a receiver to a message. Feedback may be nonverbal

(a smile, a frown, a pause, etc.) or it may be verbal (a telephone call or a letter). Any

response--even no response--is feedback.

反馈是接收者对讯息的反应。反馈可以是非语言的（微笑、皱眉、停顿等），也可以是通过语言形式表达的（电话和书信）。任何反应，甚至没有反应，都是反馈。

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9c1296204.html,pany executives as well as all levels of employees must be committed to what is called a culture of inclusiveness—an environment in which people?s differences are not just accepted, but welcomed.

公司的主管人员及各级雇员都有责任营造一种包容性的文化氛围，即人们的文化差异不仅被接受，而且受欢迎的环境。

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9c1296204.html,munication skills are especially important when you communicate with people of diverse backgrounds. In addition to just writing or speaking effectively, you need to add elements of sensitivity, understanding and tolerance in your communication.

在与来自不同文化背景的人进行交流时，交流技巧尤为重要。在交流中，不仅需要有效的写和说的能力，还需具有感知力、理解力和忍耐力。

8.Successful teams are made up of individuals who have different backgrounds. In an organization, effective work teams have to be based on function, purpose, or individual expertise rather than on personality.

成功的团队是由背景各异的人组成的。在一个机构里，组建工作高效的团队要考虑的是其功能、目的，或者各人的专业特长，而不是个性。

9.A virtual team is one whose members don?t share a physical work space but work together on specific or long-term projects using communication technology.

虚拟团队指的是成员没有共同的办公地点，而是利用通讯技术进行合作，完成某个项目或长期合作的团队。

10.In spite of a smile?s different meanings, it is still the best sign of general goodwill. Don?t forget to use it, especially when being introduced to people.

尽管微笑有不同的涵义，但它还是表达善意的最好方式，不要忘记微笑，尤其是当你被介绍给别人的时候。

11.Conteous words are positive, considerate, and bias-free. Courteous business communicaitons address receivers by their proper titles, caputre the receivers? attention, and encourage a positive response.

礼貌用语是正面的、善解人意的并且是没有偏见的。礼貌地进行商务交流要求用适当的头衔称呼对方，引起对方的关注，并使对方积极地回复。

12.A simple way to avoid biases of race and age is to avoid mentioning race or age unless it is essential to your message. Avoid disability bias by avoiding reference to a diasbling condition. If you must mention the condition, use unbiased words.

避免种族和年龄歧视的一个简单的方法是不要涉及种族和年龄，除非你的文件必须提及它们。可以通过回避提及残疾来避免残疾歧视。如果一定要提及，要使用无歧视性的语言。

13.Good business communications use concise words. Concise means brief, to the point, or short. Concise words, nontheless, are comprehensive; they carry the writer?s full meaning.

好的商务交流中，要使用简洁的词语。简洁的意思是简、短、扼要。但是，简练的词语也是意思完整的，并表达了作者的全部意思。

14.To cut down on wordiness, use the active voice rather than the passive voice. Using the active voice helps you be direct and keeps your sentences from being too wordy.

为了避免啰嗦，要使用主要语态，而不要会用别动语态。使用主动语态有助于直接表达你的意思，也可以避免句子过于冗长。

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9c1296204.html,plete business message often include five Ws: who, what, where, when, and why. Many business messages require several paragraphs to cover the five Ws. Adjust the message for your receiver. In some cases, the receiver may not need all five pieces of information.

完整的商务信函常包含五个W：人、事（物）、地点、时间、以及原因。许多商务信函需要数个段落来阐明这五个W。要根据对方的情况调整你的信函，在有些情况下，对方也许不需要全部五个方面的信息。

16.The two most common internal documents those written for use within an organization are memos and e-mail messages. The memo is a business document that has traditionally been the most common communication inside a company?s walls. However, with the advent of Internet technology, electonically sent e-mail messages are quickly replacing the memo as the communication of choice.

目前，两种最常见的内部文件，即用于机构内部的文件，是备忘录和电子邮件。备忘录是一种在公司内部使用的、传统的（业务）文件。然后，随着网络技术的出现，电子邮件作为交流手段正在迅速取代备忘录。

17. There are several advantages to sending e-mail memos:

Messages can be sent to several people simultaneously.

E-mail can be sent readily to anyone listed in your address book.

Messages are sent in real time-information is exchanged instantaneously.

用电子邮件发送备忘录的几个优点：

信息可同时发给几个人；

电子邮件易于发送到你的地址薄上所列的任何人；

信息是实时发送的一即信息可同时交换。

18. Memos are messages that supervisors and peers will use to judge your on-the-job performance; therefore, use them with care. Also, choose carefully the people to whom you send these internal

备忘录是你的主管和同事用以判断你的具体工作业绩的一种依据；所以，要谨慎地使用备忘录。同样，还要仔细选择你将把这些内部文件送给谁。你的备忘录的内容和语气决不能令人厌恶。懂得何时和如何使用备忘录，对你的职业生涯的成功是很关键的。

19. Even though memos and e-mails are the most frequently used form of written business communication, people sometimes abuse them. Abuse occures when these messages are (1) written too frequently, (2) written to gain attention, (3)written by a committee, and (4) rewritten for each level of management.

尽管备忘录和电子邮件是最常用的书面商务交流形式，人们依然有时会滥用备忘录和电子邮件。“滥用”通常发生在一下情况中：（1）写作频率太高；（2）写作的目的是想引起注意；（3）由一个委员会撰写；（4）对每一级管理层都重复同样的内容。

20.Meetings are an important method of exchanging information in any business setting. There are board meetings, conference, training sessions, and staff meetings. A meeting may consist of a supervisor and one employee, a group of colleagues, or employees and their vendors or clients.

会议是商务环境中一种重要的交换信息的方式。会议的类型有董事会、业务会、培训会和全体职员会。一次会议的参加者可能会由一名主管、一名雇员、一组同事、或业务员以及他们的供货商或客户所组成。

21.Business letters are used to communicate written messages to persons outside an organization. Letters are also used to communicate formal written messages to employees within an organization. Business letters are considered to be more formal than memos.

商务信函是用于与机构外部的人员交流的一种书面形式。商务信函还可用于机构内部雇员之间的正式的书面文件交流。商务信函被认为比便笺更正式。

22.The standard parts of a business letter are the dateline, letter address, salutation, body, complimentary close, signature block, and reference initials. A business letter also may include these optional parts: attention line, subject line, company name in signature block, enclosure notation, copy notaton, postscript, and second-page heading.

商务信函的标准部分是：发信日期、地址称谓、信文、结尾敬辞、信末签名和口述者/打字员姓名的缩写。商务信函还可能包括一些可选择部分，如：注意行、事由行、公司名称、附件、抄送、附言和第二页信头等。

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9c1296204.html,munication is receiver-oriented; therefore, senders should view messages from the receiver?s perspective. This perpective helps the sender obtain the desired response from the receiver. The four steps in planning letters that contain neutral or positive messages are to identify the objective, identify the main idea, determine the supporting in formation, and adjust the content the receiver.

交流要面向接收信息者；所以，发送信息者应该从接收者的角度来考虑自己的信息。这种视角能帮助发送者获得想从接收者处收到的回到。构思包含着中性或积极的信息的信函有4个步骤，它们是确定目的，确定主要内容、选定辅助信息，并根据接受者的情况调整内容。

24.A letter containing a negative message conveys news that will disappoint the receiver. Letters that deny requests, decline to supply information, refuse credit, or reject a proposal are examples of this type of letter. Careful planning and organizing are required to convey the disappoingting news and yet maintain goodwill.

一封含有负面信息的信函传达的是令接收者失望的信息。如：拒绝要求、谢绝提供信息、拒绝信贷服务，或拒绝一项提议。这类信函要求仔细构思和组织，以在传达令人失望的消息的同时，还能保持善意。

25. The tone of a letter that contains a negative message should reflect a sincere concern for the receiver?s interests. Your aim is to present the unfavorable new positively and in a manner the receiver will view as fair and, if possible, in the receiver?s best interests.

含有负面信息的信函的语气应该反应对于接收者利益真诚的关心。你的目的是以较好的方式表达不利的消息，并以一种接收者认为是公平的方式，并且，如有可能，以接收者的最大利益为出发点。

26.A report is a document that provides the facts about a specific situation or problem for consideration by a specific group of people. Reports are business tools that enable managers to make decisions or solve problems. Reports can be classified according to their style, purpose, and format.

报告是一种文件，为一组特定人群提供关于需要考虑的特殊环境或问题的事实。报告是业务工具，使管理者决策或解决问题成为可能。报告可以根据其文体、目标和格式分类。

27.Before writing a report, you must do some preliminary work. Even if you are simply reporting facts, you must gather those facts and then arrange them in an easy-to-follow, logical sequence.

开始撰写报告前，必须先做一些准备工作。即使是简要报告情况，也必须收集有关材料，然后进行整理使之合乎逻辑易于理解。

28.The two styles of reports are formal and informal. Formal reports generally are long, anylytical, and impersonal. A formal report often contains preliminary parts such as a title page, an executive summary, and a table of contents, as well as supplymentary parts such as a bibliography and an appendix.

报告分正式报告和非正式报告两种类型。正式报告的篇幅通常较长，具有分析性和客观的语气。正式报告通常有开头部分，如：主题页、供部分阅读的摘要、目录，及附加部分，如参考书目和附录等。

29. Most business reports are informal reports and have one of two purposes. They present information that has been requested, or they analyze a problem and report the findings. The organization and the format of these reports vary depending on the nature of the message and the people who will receive them.

大多数业务报告都是非正式报告，且只有一两个目的。它们提供所要求的信息，或分析问题并报告调查结果。这类报告的结构和形式随信息性能和报告表的不同而变化。

30.Formal reports are more complex and longer than informal reports. Because of this complexity, you may spend more time organizing and writing a formal report than you would prepare an informal report. Formal reports may be used when writing to the top management of an organization.

正式报告比非正式报告的篇幅长且复杂。由于其复杂性，在组织和写作一份正式报告时，你会比准备一份非正式报告花更多时间。向机构的最高领导层报告时，可能要撰写正式报告。

英语必修二知识点整理

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