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人教版高中英语必修二Unit1知识点详解

人教版高中英语必修二Unit1知识点详解
人教版高中英语必修二Unit1知识点详解

Part 1. Warming up

1. Is it enough to have survived for a long time?只是存在的时间长就足够了吗?

survive vi.幸免;生还;幸存

vt. 经历……而幸存;比……活的时间长

Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived. 在这次撞车事故受伤的6个人中,只有2个人活了下来。

Few buildings in Beichuan County survived the big earthquake on May 12. 在5月12日的大地震中,北川县残留的建筑物寥寥无几。

常用结构:

survive on sth. 靠……生存(意思等同于live on sth.)

How does the family survive on such a small monthly wage?这一家的月收入这么少,怎么活命呢?

survive sb. (by...)比……活得长

survive sth. 幸免于;从……中挺过来

【联想拓展】

survival n. [U]幸存;[C]残存物survivor n.生还者,幸存者

用法点拨:survive本身已表示“幸存;幸免于”,因此后面不需要加in或from等介词。当survive作及物动词,意为“比……多活多长时间”时,用“A+ survive+ B+ by+ 时间”表示。He was the only survivor that survived the accident, but he survived long, and even survived his son.他不仅在那场事故中幸免于难,而且还活了很长时间,甚至比他的儿子活的时间还长。【即学即练】

完成句子

①她丈夫去世后她又活了10年。

She ______ her husband ten years.

②The old couple ______ ______ ______ (从战争中幸存下来).

③In the terrible accident, there were no ______ (幸存者).

答案:①survived;by ②survived the war ③survivors

Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending

1. in search of the Amber Room

in search of 寻找

I looked everywhere in search of my lost pen. 我四处寻找我丢失的钢笔。

用法点拨:in search of短语中,如果search前有物主代词或者其他成分修饰时,我们经常用in one’s search for的形式。in search of 与search for 后直接跟所寻找的对象或目标。

【易混辨析】

search/search for/search...for/in search of

search表示“搜索;搜寻;调查”。search sb.意为“搜某人身”;search sp.意为“在某地搜查”(意图找到某东西)。

search for意为“寻找”,指搜寻某个特定的目标,相当于look for。

search...for意为“搜查某人或某地以寻找某物”。

in search of介词短语,意为“寻找”,后接寻找的目标或对象。

【即学即练】

完成句子

①警察搜索那栋房屋,寻找被偷的宝石。

The police ______ the house ______ the stolen jewel.

②他们在门口搜查了那个士兵。

They ______ the guard at the gate.

③警察到处搜捕他。最终他被抓住了,现在警察正在对他进行搜身。

The police ______ ______ him everywhere. He was caught at last and now the police are ______ him.

④显然有人搜过他的房子——那本书不见了。

His house had clearly been ______ and the book was missing.

答案:①searched; for ②searched ③searched for;searching④searched

单项填空

⑤They were walking around the town ______ a place for the party.

A. in search of

B. search

C. searching of

D. searched for

解析:选A。in search of为介词短语,意为“寻找”,符合句意。B、D两项动词形式不对;无C项search of 此种搭配。

2. Frederick WilliamⅠ, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. 普鲁士国王威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。

couldn’t have done,意为“过去不可能做了某事”,表示对过去已发生的事情较有把握的否定推测。

【联想拓展】

must have done表示对过去发生事情的肯定推测,意为一定做过某事,只用于肯定句中。

I didn?t hear he phone. I must have been asleep. 我没听见电话,我一定是睡着了。

may/might have done表示对过去发生的情况的推测,意为“也许……”,一般用于肯定句或否定句中,不用于疑问句中。might则表示语气更加不肯定。

What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he might have done beter. 多可惜!鉴于他的能力和经验,他可能会做得更好。

should/ought to have done 本该做某事而实际上没做

You should have told me yesterday that you had changed your mind. 你昨天应该告诉我你改变主意了。

shouldn?t have done 本不该做某事而实际上却做了

He was very sad now. I shouldn't have scolded him.

need have done 本来有必要做某事,但事实上没有做

He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站,那样的话,他就不会误了火车。

needn?t have done 本来不需要做某事实际上却做了

I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒,只来了五个人。

would have done 本来会……(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中)

I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事,但是你没有问我。

【即学即练】

①His brother met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ______ have attended your lecture.

A. couldn’t

B. needn’t

C. mustn’t

D. shouldn’t

解析:选A。由“His brother met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon”可推知,当时他不在课堂上,不可能听了你的课。couldn’t have done意为“不可能做了某事”,符合句意。

②—Your mother was really anxious about you.

—I know. I ______ home without a word.

A. mustn’t leave

B. shouldn’t have left

C. couldn’t have left

D. needn’t leave

解析:选B。由“Your mother was really anxious about you”和“I know”可知,“我”是在为自己未打招呼就离家而自责。shouldn’t have done意为“某种行为不该发生却发生了”,符合句意。

such an amazing history=so amazing a history这样一段令人惊讶的历史

such 和so 的用法

1)such修饰名词。

即:such+a/an+adj.+n., such+ adj.+复数名词,such+ adj. +不可数名词

2)so后面只能跟形容词或副词。

即:和so+adj.或adv.,so+形容词+a或an+单数可数名词。如:

①The tiger is so big. And the cat is so small.

②She is so lovely a girl.

3)它们后面还可以与that从句连用。即:such…that和so…that意思是“如此……以致……”。如:

①She is such a clever girl that she can make much progress in math exam.

②His brother is so young that he can't go to school.

注:当名词前的形容词为表示数目的词时,such必须换成so。如:

①There are so many people that we can't go past.

②I ate so much food that I didn't want to go any farther.

注意这一句话:He is such a little boy that he can't read or write.(这一句话中的a little不是“一点”的意思,而是“一个小的”的意思,所以,前面仍然用such,而不用so。

3.This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. 这件礼物就是琥珀屋,它之所以有这个名字,是因为造这间房子用了好几吨的琥珀。

be used to do sth. 被用于做某事Wood is used to make into desks.

be/get used to (doing)sth. 习惯做某事H e is used to getting up early.

use to do sth. 过去常常做某事

I used to have a walk after supper, but now I'm used to playing basketball.

4. The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days.琥珀屋采取了当时流行的奇特的建筑式样。

design n. 设计;图案;构思vt. 设计;计划;构思

I like the design of that rug. 我喜欢那块地毯的图案。

A new highway between the two cities is being designed. 这两个城市之间的一条新高速公路正在设计中。

常用结构:

by design=on purpose 有意地,故意地

be designed to do... 目的是做……;被打算做……

be designed for... 为……而打算/设计

【即学即练】

①你觉得他是偶尔如此,还是故意的?

Do you think he did it accidenally or ______ ______ ?

②实验的目的是测试新药。

The experiment ______ ______ ______ test the new drug.

③这些房子是专门为老年人而设计的。

The houses are specially ______ ______ the old people.

答案:①by design/on purpose ②is designed to ③designed for

单项填空

④I like the television programme ______ educate not merely entertain.

A. designed to

B. designed for

C. is designed to

D. is designed for

解析:选A。be designed to do为固定搭配,表示“目的是”。designed to...在句中为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰名词programme。B、D两项中的for为介词,后面需接v.-ing形式或名词,故排除。

fancy adj. 奇特的; 精致的; v. 想; 以为; 想像

1). That's a very fancy pair of shoes! 那是一双非常别致的鞋!

2). I fancy (that) it's going to rain today. 我看今天要下雨

[重点用法]

fancy that…以为是……fancy (sb?s) doing…想像(某人)做某事

fancy oneself 自负;自命不凡fancy sb. to be / as 想象/认为某人会成为……

I can?t fancy his doing such a thing. 我想不到他会做这种事。

He fancies himself as a good writer. 他认为自己是好作家。

5. …a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country?s best artists about ten years to make. 用金银珠宝装饰起来的珍品,一批国家最优秀的艺术家用了大约十年的时间才把它完成。

decorate vt. 装饰,装修;授予…荣誉标志(勋章)with 以...装饰

常用搭配decorate sth. with sth. 用某物装饰某物

She decorated her room with flowers. 她用鲜花装饰了她的房间。

The hero was decorated for bravery. 这位英雄因勇敢而授勋。

6. However, the next King of Prussia,Frederick William Ⅰ,to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it.然而,下一位普鲁士国王,腓特烈·威廉一世,这个琥珀屋的主人却决定不要它了。

belong to 属于Who does this watch belong to?这块表是谁的?

用法点拨:belong to不用于进行时态和被动语态中。to 为介词,其后接代词,名词类短语及从句,表示所归属的对象。belong可以用于除to以外的其他介词或副词前面,表示“应处在(某处);适合在某处”。

The book belongs on that shelf. 这本书应是放在那个架子上的。

【联想拓展】

belong vi.属于;应在(某处);适应belongings n.财产,所有物;动产

She lost all her belongings in the earthquake. 她在地震中失去了所有的财产。

I don’t really feel I belong here. 我感觉我并不适合在这个地方。

【即学即练】

As is known to us all, China is a developing country ______ the third world.

A. belonging

B. belonged

C. belonging to

D. belonged to

解析:选C。belong to 此处作定语,无被动语态和进行时态,必须和to连用构成及物动词短语。

7. In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers.作为回报,沙皇送给他一队自己最好的士兵。

in return 作为报答;回报

①An old man gave us some food and water but asked for nothing in return on the island.在那个岛上一位老人给了我们一些食物和水,但没有要求任何回报。

in return for作为对……的回报

in turn 依次;逐个地;转而;反过来

②I invited him to dinner in return for his kindness. 为了报答他的好心,我宴请了他。

③He spends too much time on maths, and this in turn affects the progress of his other subjects.

他在数学上花的时间太多,这同时影响他的其他学科的进步。

④The students answered the teacher's questions in turn. 学生们依次回答老师的问题。

8. About four meters long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors. 琥珀屋约四米长,做了接待贵宾的小接待厅。

serve as 担任,充当(不用于被动语态)

He served two terms as President.

He served as a waiter there.

When you sleep in the open, old newspapers can serve as a blanket.

9. Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is now missing. 可悲的是,尽管琥珀屋被认为是世界上的一大奇迹,可是现在它却消失了。

1)consider 考虑;认为,把。。。看作

I am considering going abroad. 我正在考虑出国。

I consider it a great honor.我认为这是极大的荣幸。

We consider that the driver is not to blame. 我们认为这不是司机的过错。

We consider it (to be ) true.=(We consider that it is true.) 我们认为这是真实的。

We consider him(to be) our friend. 我们把他当我们的好朋友。

2)wonder n.[C]奇迹;奇观;[U]惊奇;惊讶v. 想知道;对……感到惊奇

The Great Wall is one of the seven wonders in the world.长城是世界七大奇迹之一。

She always wondered how she could operate the new machine.她想知道她怎么才能操作这台新机器。

用法点拨:wonder作“奇迹;奇观”讲时为可数名词,作“惊奇,惊叹”讲时为不可数名词。常用结构:

It be a wonder (that)... 奇怪的是……

(It be)no/little/small wonder (that...) 难怪……;……并不奇怪

【即学即练】

①你吃的那么多,难怪你睡不着。

______ ______ ______ you can’t sleep when you eat so much.

②我很想知道他是谁,来自哪里,为什么来。

I ______ who he was, where he were from and why he came.

答案:①It’s no wonder ②wonder

③—He is always the first to come and the last to leave.

—______is no wonder he always takes the first place in class.

A. It

B. There

C. That

D. This

解析:选A。It is no wonder (that...)意为“难怪……”符合语境。

3)missing, lost, gone的区别

1)missing 有“丢失的,失踪的,缺少的”之意,强调某人或某物不在原处。如:

My Japanese-Chinese dictionary is missing. 我的日汉词典不见了。

After the flood, five people were found missing. 洪水过后五人下落不明。

There are two pages missing from the book. 这本书缺两页。

2)lost 表示“丢失”,含有失去后难以恢复的意味。如:

In the storm, the ship was lost. 在那场风暴中船沉了。

It is no use looking back to one?s lost youth. 回顾流逝的青春是没有用的。

3)gone: a particular situation no longer exists有“过去的,不在的,丢了”等意,只作表语和补语。如:My pain in the arm is gone now. 我的胳膊不痛了。

The days when we were suffering are gone forever. 我们受苦的日子一去不复返了

10. This was a time when the two countries were at war.

at war 处于交战状态介词at可表示状态或动作

at the meeting 在会上at peace 处于和平状态at breakfast 在吃早饭at table 在吃饭at work 在上班at school 在上学11....,the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room.

furniture 是“家具”的总称,前不加冠词a,也不用复数。用much ,little 修饰。

a piece of (an article of) furniture 一件家具

pieces(articles) of furniture 许多家具

12. In less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven wooden boxes.

in less than two days 在不到两天的时间里

not less than 至少I'll stay here not less than three days. 我将待在这里至少三天。

no less than 多达The audience was no less than five thousand. 听众有五千人之多。13. There_is_no_doubt_that the boxes were then put on a train for K?nigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.毫无疑问这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡,当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。

doubt n. 怀疑;疑惑vt.怀疑;不信

I don’t doubt that he is honest. 我不怀疑他是诚实的。

We doubt if he is honest. 我们怀疑他是否诚实。

用法点拨:doubt作为名词,如果表达“困惑”的事情,用作可数名词;如果表达“在某事上的困惑,”一般用作不可数名词。作为动词,在否定句和疑问句中,后接that引导的从句;在肯定句中,后接whether/if引导的从句。

I never doubt that he will come. 我从未怀疑他会来。

I doubt whether/if the new one will be any better. 我不敢肯定这个新的是否会好一些。

常用结构:

in doubt 怀疑;拿不定主意

no/without/beyond doubt 无疑地;必定;当然

there is no doubt that...毫无疑问……(that从句为同位语从句,表示no doubt的实际内容,同位语从句亦可由whether引导)

【即学即练】

①他肯定不是有意要伤害你的。

______ ______he didn’t mean to hurt you.

②当你对这个问题没有把握时,请教一下老师。

When______ ______ about the question, you’d better ask the teacher.

答案:①No doubt ②in doubt

单项填空

③There is no doubt ______ he will be asked to speak again next year.

A. that

B. whether

C. what

D. how

14.After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.从那以后,琥珀屋的去处便成了一个谜。

remain a mystery为系表结构,在该结构中,remain为系动词,意为“(继续)保持,仍然处于(某种状态)”,后接名词、形容词、分词、介词短语等做表语。

①Where he has gone remains a mystery.他去哪里了仍然是个谜。

②Shops remain open till late in the evening.商店营业到晚上很晚。

③Much work remains undone. 还有大量的工作未做。

④They remained listening. 他们一直在听。

⑤The patient remained in danger. 病人仍处在危险中。

⑥That remains to be seen. 那还有待观察。

仿写:对大部分老人来说,退休后保持活力是可能的。

It is possible for most senior citizens ______________________________ after they retire.

答案:to remain active

拓展:(1)remain还可用做不及物动词,意为“剩下,还有;(继续)待在某处,继续存在,留下”。

①Little of the original architecture remains.原来的建筑现在留存的已经很少了。

②I'll remain to see the end of the game.我将留下看比赛的结果。

辨析remain/stay/keep

①remain继续保持或处于原来的状态。

②stay继续保持或处于原来的状态,与remain同义,但后面不接to do或to be done,多接形容词等构成系表结构。

③keep需要设法才能保持或处于某种状态。

Please remain ______;the winner of the prize will be announced soon.

A.seating B.seated C.to seat D.to be seated

解析:考查remain后接分词做表语,seat vt.“使就坐”,用过去分词seated做表语。

答案:B

15. In groups discuss: Is it worth rebuilding lost cultural relics such as the Amber Room or Yuan Ming Yuan in Beijing?分组讨论:重建遗失的文化遗产,如琥珀屋和北京的圆明园是值得的吗?

worth adj.值得的; 相当于……的价值n.价值; 作用

【联想拓展】

be worth+n. 当名词为金钱时,表示“……值……钱”

The exhibition is worth a visit.

This necklace is worth $1,000. 这条项链值1000美元。

be worth doing ……某事值得被做

Mount Tai is well worth visiting. 泰山很值得参观。

be worthy of+n. 当名词为抽象名词时,表示“……值得……”

be worthy to be/of being done 某事值得被做

This movie is well worth seeing,but it is not worthy of being seen/to be seen twice. 这部电影值得看但是不值得看两遍。

be worthwhile to do sth. 值得做某事

It be worthwhile doing sth. 值得做某事

It be worthwhile for sb. to do sth. 值得某人去做某事

It is worthwhile buying the dictionary. 这本词典值得买。(其中的worthwhile 也可换成worth) It is worthwhile to discuss the plan again. 这个计划值得再讨论一次。

【即学即练】

这本书值得读。

①The book is worth reading.=The book is ______ ______ ______ read.

=It is ______ ______ the book.

答案:worthy to be; worthwhile reading

【即学即练】

单项填空

②This book is worthy of ______ twice.

A. reading

B. read

C. having read

D. being read

解析:选D。be worthy 后可以用to be done或of being done结构,而worth后用动名词的主动形式表示被动概念。

③He is well skilled ______ playing the piano, so his music is worth ______.

A. with; listening

B. with; listening to

C. in; listening

D. in; listening to

解析:选D。be skilled in/at跟名词或动名词,意为“在……方面有能力的”。worth意为“值得”,后跟动名词的主动形式表被动概念。在句中,music作listen to的逻辑宾语,而listen为不及物动词,to不可省略。

Part 3. Learning about Language

The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it.

take apart拆卸,拆开

The boy took apart the toy car, but couldn't put it together again.男孩把玩具汽车拆开了, 可怎么也安不上了。

[即学即练](1)The Germans ____________ the Amber Room and moved it away.德国人把琥珀屋拆开移走了。

(2)John enjoys __________________ to see how they work.约翰喜欢拆卸东西,以研究它们的工作原理。

apart from

Apart from a few words, he knows nothing about Chinese.除了几个单词外,他对汉语一无所知。本句中的apart from可以换成except。

Apart from Jim, Lucy and Lily also attended the meeting.除了吉姆,虂茜和莉莉也参加了会议。此句中的apart from可以由besides替换。

This article is well written apart from a few spelling mistakes.这篇文章写得很好,只是有几处拼写错误。

这一句中的apart from可以替换成except for。

Part 4. Using Language

1.In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which_not_to_believe.在审判中,法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信哪些证人不能相信。

该句为“疑问词+不定式”结构,在句中作宾语。whether, what, which, whom, who, where, when, how等加不定式构成的结构在句中起名词作用,可以作主语、表语和宾语。

①When and where to go on an outing hasn't been decided yet.何时何地去郊游还没有决定。

②No one could tell me where to get the interesting book.没有人能告诉我哪儿能买到这本有趣的书。

③To be honest, I'm at a loss what to do next.诚实地说,下一步做什么我不知所措。

2. He/She only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts rather than opinions. 他/她关心的只是目击者是否提供了真实的信息,这些信息必须是事实而不是个人观点或看法。

rather than意为“而不是”,连接两个并列成分,这两个并列成分的形式应该一致。rather than连接两个主语时,其后面谓语动词的单复数形式应遵循就远原则。类似用法的词汇、短语还有:as well as,together with,except,but,with,besides,including等。

I think Tom, rather than you, is to blame. 我认为该受责备的是汤姆,而不是你。

Professor Smith, together with his assistants, is doing the research day and night. 史密斯教授和他的助手们正在夜以继日地进行研究。

【联想拓展】

or rather更确切地说

This new product, or rather, this new style of shirt, is not very attractive.这项新产品,确切地说是这种新款式的衬衫,并不是非常吸引人的。

other than除了……之外

She has no close friends other than him.她除了他以外没有好朋友。

would rather do...than do =would do...rather than do=prefer to do...rather than do...宁愿……而不愿……;宁愿;更喜欢

He would rather go walking than watch TV at home.他宁愿出去散步也不愿待在家里看电视。【即学即练】

选词填空(rather than/other than/or rather)

①I met him very late on Friday night, ______, early on Saturday morning.

②Does anybody ______ yourself know this?

③I decided to send an e-mail ______ telephone.

答案:①or rather ②other than ③rather than

3.I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room.

think highly of = have a good opinion of看重;高度评价

They think highly of your work abilities. 他们对你的工作能力评价很高。

[短语归纳]

What do you think of sb./ sth.?你认为某人/物怎么样?

think much/well of对……评价良好think nothing of对……无所谓;不把……当回事

think badly/poorly of对……评价不高think of sb./ sth. as…把……某人/物当作……

4.Nor do I think they should give it to any government.我也认为他们不应该把它交给任何政府。

该句中由于否定词nor位于句首,所以使用了部分倒装语序。英语中含有否定意义的副词及短语放在句首时,句中需用部分倒装语序。这类副词及短语有:never,seldom,neither,nor,little,not,hardly,scarcely,at no time,in no way等。

①Never before have I seen such a film.以前我从来没有看过这样的影片。

②Seldom does she go out alone.她很少一个人出门。

③Not a word did he say at the meeting.他在会上一句话也没说。

④In no way can we give in to the difficulties.我们决不能向困难低头。

拓展:“nor/neither+系(助)动词+主语”,表示前句中的否定情况,也适用于另一人或物。仿写:她解不出这个问题,我也不能。

She couldn't work out the problem, ________________.

答案:nor/neither could I

5.So I think that those who find the Amber Room should decide what to do with it.

do with

1)I didn’t know what to do with the old tree.处理,处置

2)We have nothing else to eat, you have to do with some bread.以……将就(一下)

3)I cannot do with loud noise. 忍受(与cannot连用)

do with & deal with

do with 常与连接代词what 连用,而deal with 常与连接副词how 连用,如:

I don?t know how to deal with the problem . (= I don…t know what to do with the problem . )我不知道如何处理这个问题。

6. It is your job to look into any reports of cultural relics that have been found in China. 你的工作是调查研究所有关于在中国发现的文物的报告。

look into 调查(= investigate / examine)

The policemen have looked into the murder case. 警察已经介入调查这件谋杀案了。

必背句型

1. Frederick WilliamⅠ, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such a strange history. 普鲁士国王威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人的最伟大的礼物会有这样一段离奇的历史。

2. Although Amber feels as hard as stone, it easily melts when heated.虽然琥珀摸起来像石头一样硬,可是加热后却很容易熔化。

3. Later, Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to the palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. 后来叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到了圣·彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。

4. Sadly, although the Amber Room was one of the great wonders of the world, it is now missing.

5. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg. 毫无疑问,这些箱子后来被装上火车运住哥尼斯保。

8. Once it is heated, the amber room can be made into any shape. 一旦加热,可以把琥珀制作成任何形状。

英语必修二知识点整理

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高中英语必修二知识点总结

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高中英语必修1知识点大全总结

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高中英语必修二第一单元知识点总结

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人教版高中英语必修二知识点归纳总结

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高一数学必修二第一章知识点总结

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