当前位置：搜档网 › SUMMARY写法

SUMMARY写法

SUMMARY的最常见格式是总分总.开头笼统的介绍以下,给读者一个大概的概念,然后分段总结这个你好总结的东东的各个方面.关键看你要写多少字,概括的是什么,再决定中间这部分是分小段还是一大段内,分开概括.最后就是总结了.有的时候你会感觉总结和开篇介绍很相似,确实是这样,但是总结只是更近一步的对这个事物进行了概括.这个时候,读者就应该对你所总结的事物有一种整体上的认识了.

一段好的摘要必须包括main idea和supporting details。main idea说明文章的主旨，作者主要诉说的故事是关于什么？supporting details则帮助发展或说明主题。

如何写英文摘要英文摘要如何写如何写摘要

一、概述文章摘要是对所写文章主要内容的精炼概括。美国人称摘要为“Abstract”,而英国人则喜欢称

其为“Summary”。

通常国际刊物要求所要刊登的文章字数，包括摘要部分不超过1万字。而对文章摘要部分的字数要求则更少。因此，写摘要时，应用最为简练的语言来表达论文之精华。论文摘要的重点应放在所研究的成果和结论上。

国际会议要求的论文摘要的字数不等，一般为200字-500字。而国际刊物要求所刊登的论文摘要的字数通常是100字-200字。摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，内容上涵盖全文，并直接点明全旨。语言上要求尽量简炼。摘要通常多采用第三人称撰写。

科学书籍、论文和学术报告一般都附有内容摘要，这样可以节省读者的时间，使他们不必读完整个文章就能够了解它的主要内容。书籍摘要，一般放在封二或封三；论文和学术报告的摘要，一般放在正文前面。摘要应做到简明扼要，切题，能独立成文，使读者能准确地了解书籍的要义。写摘要时，最好用第三人称的完整的陈述句，文长一般不超过200个词。

摘要分陈述性的（Descriptive）和资料性的（Informational）两类。陈述性摘要只陈述书籍或文章的主题，不介绍内容。资料性的摘要除了介绍主题外，还应介绍文章的要点和各个要点的主要内容。

它可以包括三个组成部分

①点明主题，解析文章或书籍的目的或意图；

②介绍主要内容，使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌；

③提出结论或建议，以供读者参考。

二、常见句型

1）This paper deals with..

2）This article focuses on the topics of (that,having,etc).

3）This eassy presents knowledge that...

4）This thesis discusses...

5）This thesis analyzes...

6）This paper provides an overview of...

7)This paper elaborates on ..

8）This article gives an overview of...

9）This article compares...and summarizes key findings.

10）This paper includes discussions concerning...

11)This paper presents up

12)This article covers the role of chemicals in...

13)This paper addresses important topics including...

14)This paper touches upon...

15)This paper strongly emphasizes..

16)This eassy represents the preceedings of .

17)This article not only describes...but also suggests...

18)This paper considers...

19)This paper provides a method of ...

20)This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze...

21)This paper offers the latest information regarding...

22)This paper is devoted to examining the role of...

23)This article explores...

24)This paper expresses views on...

25)This paper reflects the state of the art in...

26)This paper explains the procedures for...

27)This paper develops the theory of ..

28)This article reviews the techniques used in...

29)This paper investigates the techniques and procedures to...

30)This article is about...

31)This eassy is related to ...

32)This paper concerns...

33)This paper gives an account of ...

34)This article tells of...

35)This paper tries to describe...

36)This paper provides an analysis of ...

37)This paper reports the latest information on ..

38)The author of this article reviews..

39)The writer of this paper discusses...

40)The writer of this eassy tries to explore...

41)The aim of this paper is to determine..

42)The purpose of this article is to review...

43)The objective of this paper is to explore...

破题用语，一般有：

①The author of this article reviews (or:

discusses,describes,su mmarizes,examines)something……

②This article reviews (or:reports,tells of,is ab out,concerns)something…….

③This article has been prepared (or:designed,written)…….

④The purpose of this article is to determine something…….

⑤The problem of something is discussed …….

结论和建议，一般有以下几种写法：

①The author suggests (recommends,concludes)that…….

②This article shows that…….

③It is suggested that…….

④The author's suggestion (or:conclusion )is that ……

⑤The author finds it necessary to …….

summary 范文

Original: My neighbor's children love playing hide-and-seek as all children do, but no one imagine that a game they played last week would be reported in the local newspaper. One afternoon, they were playing in the vacant lot down the corner. Young Paul, who is only five years old, found the perfect place to hide. His sister, Natalie, had shut her eyes and was counting to ten when Paul noticed the storage mail box at the corner and saw that the metal door was standing open. The mailman had just taken out several sacks of mail and had carried them to his truck which was standing at the curb a few feet away. Paul climbed into the storage box and pulled the door closed so hard that it locked. Soon realizing what he had done, he became frightened and started crying. Meanwhile, Natalie was looking for him everywhere but could not find him. It was lucky that she happened to pause at the corner for a minute and heard her brother's cries. She immediately ran to tell the mailman who hurried back from his truck to unlock the metal door. Paul was now free, but he had had such a bad scare that he could not stop crying. The mailman, however, soon found a way of making him laugh again. He told him that the next time he wanted to hide in a mail box, he should remember to put a stamp on himself! Summary: The children were playing hide-and-seek in a vacant lot one afternoon. Finding that the storage mailbox had been left open, Paul hid and locked himself in it accidentally. His sister, Natalie, heard his cries and realized where he was hiding, so she immediately told the mailman to unlock the metal door. After letting him out, the mailman made him stop crying by telling him to put a stamp on himself the next he wanted to hide in a mailbox. Original: Why do some animals die out? In the past two hundred years people have caused many kinds of animals to die out--to become extinct. People keep building houses and factories in fields and woods. As they spread over the land, they destroy animals' homes. If the animals can't find a place to live, they die out. Sixteen kinds of Hawaiian birds have become extinct for this reason. Other animals, such as the Florida Key deer, may soon die out because they are losing their homes.Hunters have caused some animals to become extinct, too. In the last century, hunters killed all the passenger pigeons in North America and most of the buffalos. Today they are fast killing off hawks and wolves. Pollution is killing many animals today, too. As rivers become polluted, fish are poisoned. Many die. Birds that eat the poisoned fish can't lay strong, healthy eggs. New birds aren’t born. So far, no animals have become extinct because of pollution. But some, such as the bald eagle and the brown pelican, have become rare and may die out. Scientists think that some animals become extinct because of changes in climate. The places where they live become hotter or cooler, drier or wetter. The food that they eat cannot grow there any more. If the animals can't learn to eat something else, they die. Dinosaurs may have died out for this reason. Summary:

英文道歉信格式及范文

英文道歉信格式及范文因迟复来信致歉Because of answering one’s letter late Dear David: I am afraid that you will think me unpardonably negligent in not having answered your letter dated 7, December sooner, but when I have told you the reason, I trust you will be convinced that the neglect was excusable. When your letter arrived, I was just in Hong Kong. As my family could not forward it to me during my absence, it has been, therefore, lying on my desk until the moment when I took it up. Now the first thing I have to hasten to do is to write to you these few lines to express my deep regret. I enjoyed many pleasant sights during my trip. I shall be pleased to give you an account to of them when I see you next. Sincerely yours, Tom

有关summary的写作技巧

有关s u m m a r y的写作技巧 Company number：【WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998】

Summary的写法1 一、概括原文（一）阅读 1.读懂文章读文章的时候，要养成良好的阅读习惯，划划写写，英文阅读的时候，用铅笔轻轻划出重点词汇。认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 2.拆分文章按照作者的思路，把文章分段，每个段落用几个词，几个短语概括。尽量简短，精炼。段落中心句，在段落的开头或末尾。有时也会变态的在当中。 3.概括主旨写出文章的thesis, 一句话概括文章的主旨。（二）基本结构和技巧 1.重新拟定标题给summary起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。 2.阐述观点摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。写概述的时候，如果能够明确是他人写作的文章，注意要把作者的名字放在第一句（或者是the

author…….）。接着写出要阐述的main ideas（主要观点）和supporting points （对主要观点的支持）。 3.词汇运用注意概述的coherence（连贯性），运用好transition words（过渡词）, like however, furthermore, nonetheless, besides, therefore etc. 4.删除细节只保留主要观点。 5.选择一至两个有代表性的例子原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 6.把长句变成短句，把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。 “ He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” “His courage in battle might without exag geration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子： “Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 可以概括为：”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.” 7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如： “She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”

summary的写法

摘要的基本结构和内容因为摘要本质上就是一篇高度浓缩的论文, 所以其构成与论文主体的IMRAD结构是对应的。因此, 摘要应包括以下内容梗概：（1）目的：研究工作的前提、目的和任务, 所涉及的主题范围；（2）方法：所用的理论、条件、材料、手段、装备、程序等；（3）结果：观察、实验的结果, 数据, 得到的效果, 性能等；（4）结果的分析、比较、评价、应用, 提出的问题, 今后的课题, 假设、启发、建议、预测等；（5）其他：不属于研究、研制、调查的主要目的, 但具有重要的信息价值。一般地说, 报道性摘要中（2）、（3）、（4）应相对详细, （1）和（5）则相对简略。指示性摘要则相反。 1 引言部分 1.1回顾研究背景常用词汇有：review, summarize, present, outline, describe 等。例如：We review evidence for this view of addiction and discuss its implications for understanding the psychology and neurobiology of addiction. [Brain Research Reviews, 1993, 18 (3): 247-291] This paper outlines some of the basic methods and strategies and discusses some related theoretical and practical issues. [Annals of Statistics, 1994, 22 (4): 1701-1728] 1.2 阐明写作或研究目的常用词汇有：purpose, attempt, aim等。另外还可以用动词不定式充当目的状语来表达。例如： We attempt to recover a function of unknown smoothness from noisy sampled data. [Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1995, 90 (432): 1200-1224] To investigate the mechanism of Bcl-2's effect, we examined whether Bcl-2 interacted with other proteins. [Cell, 1993, 74 (4): 609-619] 1.3介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围常用的词汇有：study, present, include, focus, emphasize, emphasis, attention等。 Here we study the dependence of apoptosis on p53 expression in cells from the thymus cortex. [Nature, 1993, 362 (6423): 849-852] This article includes a brief review of the physics underlying HERWIG, followed by a description of the program itself. [Computer Physics Communications, 1992, 67 (3): 465-508] 2 方法部分 2. 1介绍研究或试验过程常用词汇有：test, study, investigate, examine, experiment, discuss, consider, analyze, analysis等。 We use N-body simulations to investigate the structure of dark halos in the standard cold dark matter cosmogony. [Astrophysical Journal, 1996, 462 (2): 563-575] We present an analysis of atmospheric neutrino data from a 33. 0 kton yr (535-day) exposure of the Super- Kamiokande detector. [Physical Review Letters, 1998, 81 : 1562-1567]

Summary_常用句式

Summary 常用句式 1.This article/ passage mainly tells (a story) about…… 2.This passage mainly deals with/discusses/explores/…… 3.In this passage (about ……), the author …… 4.In this passage about ……, the author …… 5.The author began the essay/ passage by telling/ presenting…… 6.First/Firstly/ In the beginning/In the first part, the author argues/ explains/ mentions/ states/ points out (that)…… 7.Secondly/ Next/ Further on/ Then/ In the next part/ In the main part, the author goes on with…… 8.Finally/ As a conclusion/, the author concludes/ adds/ stresses that…… 9.Finally, the author summarizes that …… 二、常见句型 1）This paper deals with.. 2）This article focuses on the topics of (that,having,etc). 3）This essay presents knowledge that... 4）This thesis discusses... 5）This thesis analyzes... 6）This paper provides an overview of...

英语道歉信格式

篇一：英文道歉信格式及范文英文道歉信格式及范文因迟复来信致歉because of answering one’s letter late dear david: i am afraid that you will think me unpardonably negligent in not having answered your letter dated 7, december sooner, but when i have told you the reason, i trust you will be convinced that the neglect was excusable. when your letter arrived, i was just in hong kong. as my family could not forward it to me during my absence, it has been, therefore, lying on my desk until the moment when i took it up. now the first thing i have to hasten to do is to write to you these few lines to express my deep regret. i enjoyed many pleasant sights during my trip. i shall be pleased to give you an account to of them when i see you next. sincerely yours, tom篇二：英文致歉信_范文道歉信 letter of apology 我们在工作或生活中，有时难免会犯一些错误，写封致歉信就显得很有必要。道歉信通常包括以下内容：表示歉意；道歉的原由；出现差错的原因；提出弥补措施；请求原谅。写道歉信的语言要诚挚，解释的理由要真实，不要显出丝毫的虚情假意。好的道歉信不仅会取得对方的谅解，还会增进彼此的感情。写作三步走：表示歉意->说明具体原因、提出补救办法->再次致歉、希望得到理解 tips: 在写作过程中，尽可能提供比较合理的理由。如果违反生活常识将导致扣分。在解释完原因后，尽量提供一个合适的补救办法，使行文更加完满。订阅收藏《考研英语写作范文100篇》系列文章（1）directions: you should write about 100 words on answer sheet 2. do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. use li ming instead. do not write the address. 范文： dear anne, please allow me to say sorry again. regards, li ming 译文：亲爱的安：感谢你邀请我于明日晚上与你和你的家人共进午餐。可是，我非常遗憾地告诉你我无法赴约，因为我将忙于准备后天的一门重要考试。错过了这么一个欢乐的聚会我深感遗憾，我希望你们能度过一个愉快的时光。对了，在我考试后我们可以见一面么？如果可以的话请随时给我打电话，我非常期待能和你愉快地聊天。请允许我再一次致歉。您真诚的，李明

summary好例子

Steps to Writing a Summary 1.Read and understand the prompt or writing directions. What are you being asked to write about? Example: Summary of an Article Write a summary of the article. Your writing will be scored on how well you: ?state the main ideas of the article; ?identify the most important details that support the main ideas; ?write your summary in your own words, except for quotations; and ?express the underlying meaning of the article, not just the superficial details. 2. Read, think about, and understand the text. Review the material to make sure you know it well. Use a dictionary or context clues to figure out the meaning of any important words that you don’t know. 3. Take notes. Write down the main ideas and important details of the article. 4.Write a thesis statement. In a single sentence, state the main idea of the article. The thesis statement should mention the underlying meaning of the article, not just the superficial details. 5. Organize and outline ideas. Write down the important details you need to include in the summary. Put them in a logical order. Topic Sentence: Evidence: #1: #2: #3: 6.Write your essay. ?Your summary should be about one third of the length of the original article. ?Focus on the main point of the article and the most important details. ?Use your own words; avoid copying phrases and sentences from the article unless they’re direct quotations. 7.Revise. Have you indented all paragraphs? Have you captured the main point of the article? Have you included the most important details? Is there sentence variety? Have you avoided writing short, choppy sentences? Are there transitional words and phrases to connect ideas? 8. Proofread and edit. Check your spelling, grammar, and punctuation. Is the verb tense consistent? Are all names spelled correctly and capitalized? Have you avoided writing run-on sentences and sentence fragments? 9. Write your draft. Use blue or black ink. Skip lines. Write on one side of the paper only. Include a title on the top line. 10. Read your summary one last time before you turn it in. Look for careless spelling, punctuation, and grammar errors, especially omitted words or letters. Cross out errors neatly with a single line and write the correction above. Original Article: Bats In the distant past, many people thought bats had magical powers, but times have changed. Today, many people believe that bats are rodents, that they cannot see, and that they are more likely than other animals to carry rabies. All of these beliefs are mistaken. Bats are not rodents, are not blind, and are no more likely than dogs and cats to transmit rabies. Bats, in fact, are among the least understood and least appreciated of animals. Bats are not rodents with wings, contrary to popular belief. Like all rodents, bats are mammals, but they have a skeleton similar to the human skeleton. The bones in bat wings are much like those in arms and the human hand, with a thumb and four fingers. In bats, the bones of the arms and the four fingers of the hands are very long. This bone structure helps support the web of skin that stretches from the body to the ends of the fingers to form wings. Although bats cannot see colors, they have good vision in both dim and bright light. Since most bats stay in darkness during the day and do their feeding at night, they do not use their vision to maneuver in the dark but use a process called echolocation. This process enables bats to emit sounds from their mouths that bounce off objects and allow them to avoid the objects when flying. They use this system to locate flying insects to feed on as well. Typically, insect-eating bats emerge at dusk and fly to streams or ponds where they feed. They catch the insects on their wingtip or tail membrane and fling them into their mouths while flying. There are about 1,000 species of bat, ranging in size from the bumblebee bat, which is about an inch long, to the flying fox, which is sixteen inches long and has a wingspan of five feet. Each type of bat has a specialized diet. For seventy percent of bats, the diet is insects. Other types of bats feed on flowers, pollen, nectar, and fruit or on small animals such as birds, mice, lizards, and frogs. (continued on back)

summary写法.doc

summary 的写法 Summary的写法一、概括原文（一）阅读 1.读懂文章读文章的时候，要养成良好的阅读习惯，划划写写，英文阅读的时候，用铅笔轻轻划出重点词汇。认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 2.拆分文章按照作者的思路，把文章分段，每个段落用几个词，几个短语概括。尽量简短，精炼。段落中心句，在段落的开头或末尾。有时也会变态的在当中。 3.概括主旨

写出文章的thesis,一句话概括文章的主旨。（二）基本结构和技巧 1.重新拟定标题给summary起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。 2.阐述观点摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。写概述的时候，如果能够明确是他人写作的文章，注意要把作者的名字放在第一句（或者是the author. ）。接着写出要阐述的main ideas （主要观点）和supporting points （对主要观点的支持）。 3.词汇运用注意概述的coherence （连贯性），运用好transition ore, nonetheless, besides, therefore etc.

4.删除细节只保留主要观点。 5.选择一至两个有代表性的例子原文中可能包括 5 个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 6.把长句变成短句，把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。 Lushan “ He oney and ight oney and ountains like Mount Tai, Mountain, and Mount Huang, ountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them any ten years ago. ” 可以概括为：” Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a feany, thanks to better e several Chinese and English novels, a fee and Nee textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the e a lot of books to read during the vocation. ” 8）使用最短的连接词。比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though ，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常，

英文道歉信的写法

英文道歉信的写法 ppointment that we made last friday. now, i am writing you this letter of apology to show my deep regret. please accept my sincere apology. i hope you will understand me and excuse me for my failure to turn up. 第一句是本段的中心句，直接道出道歉的原因。（积累：i am excessively sorry to do …; fail to do …; make an appointment）第二句展开道歉，真诚的表达自己的歉意。 (积累： letter of apology) 第三、四句表达自己希望对方接受歉意。（积累：excuse … for …; turn up） the reason for my absence was that my mother fell ill at that time. i had no way out because i had to send her to hospital and look after her. therefore, it’s not in my power to meet you. 第一句是本段的中心句，综述写信人出现过失的原因。（积累：the reason for … was that…; fall ill）第二句是本段中心句的展开，讲述当时的处境和情况。

第三句承接上一句，表述事实面前的不可抗力。进一步澄清出现过失的原因。（积累：in one’s power） naturally, i want to suggest that we should make another appointment next time. i shall be obliged if you will kindly write and tell me when and where you will be at convenience. we may meet again and i hope to see you soon. 第一句提出下次见面的建议。（积累：suggest表示“建议”，后接从句用should+动词原形）第二句是征询对方下次见面的具体地点和时间。（积累：be obliged; at convenience）最后一句期待下次见面。礼貌收尾 yours sincerely, li ming 信件结尾和署名

Summary的写作技巧和常见句型

S u m m a r y 的写作技巧和常见句型、概括原文一）阅读 1. 读懂文章读文章的时候，要养成良好的阅读习惯，划划写写，英文阅读的时候，用铅笔轻轻划出重点词汇。认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 2. 拆分文章按照作者的思路，把文章分段，每个段落用几个词，几个短语概括。尽量简短，精炼。段落中心句，在段落的开头或末尾。有时也会变态的在当中。 3. 概括主旨写出文章的thesis, 一句话概括文章的主旨。二）基本结构和技巧 1.重新拟定标题给summary 起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。 2. 阐述观点摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。写概述的时候，如果能够明确是他人写作的文章，注意要把作者的名字放在第一句（或者是接着写出要阐述的main ideas （主要观点）和supporting points （对主要观点的the author .. ）。

支持）。 3. 词汇运用注意概述的cohere nee （连贯性），运用好tran siti on words （过渡词） , like however, furthermore, nonetheless, besides, therefore etc. 4. 删除细节只保留主要观点。 5. 选择一至两个有代表性的例子原文中可能包括5 个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 6. 把长句变成短句，把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。 He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor. 可以概括为：“ He was in finan cial difficulties. His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion- like. ” 可以概括为：” He was very brave in battle. He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor. 可以概括为：“ He was in finan cial difficulties. 6）你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子： Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago. ” 可以概括为：” Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays,

英文Summary写作方法、范例及常用句式

摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。写摘要主要包括三个步骤：（1）阅读；（2）写作；（3）修改成文。第一步：阅读 A．认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 B．给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。C．现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。 D．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。第二步：动手写作 A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。 B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。 C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。 D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。 1 / 19

E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧： 1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。 2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。 4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。 5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例： “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子：“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 2 / 19