2011届高考英语第一轮单元能力复习题12

Module 3

Unit 9 Wheels

综合训练

Ⅰ.品句填词

1.Our town doesn’t b________from the paper-making factory.Instead，it is seriously

polluted.

2.Our house is very c________ for our school.Therefore，we go to school on foot.

3.If you become a________to drugs，your wife shall leave you.

4.She must be s________ to cold，for she is wearing so heavy clothes in early winter.

5.The farmer is repairing his house，for it was________(损坏)by the hurricane yesterday.

6.The enemy have________(占领)the island，and we will wait for an opportunity to attack them.

7.This is the most________(可靠的，可信赖的)news，so we shouldn’t doubt it.

8.In________(结果，由于)of your bad work，I am forced to dismiss you.

答案：1.benefit 2.convenient 3.addicted 4.sensitive 5.damaged 6.occupied

7.reliable8.consequence

Ⅱ.短语识境

2.I have spent one hour on the problem，but I still can’t________it________.

3.________your help，I finished the work on time.

4.He ________the computer games that he can stay before the screen for days without sleep.

5.Today is Sunday，so he________go to play basketball with his friends.

6.When the traffic lights are red，the cars must________.

7.Nowadays more and more children________their parents，for they are the only child in the family.

8.People often ________children ________the flowers of the country.

答案：1.give up 2.work；out 3.Thanks to 4.is addicted to 5.is likely to 6.pull up

7.rely on

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9a3696403.html,pare；to

Ⅲ.单项填空

1.Michael Jackson，________incomparable figure in music，dance and culture was announced

dead by doctors on ________ afternoon of June 25,2009.

A.an；the

B.a；the

C.an；/

D.the；the

解析：迈克尔·杰克逊，一个在音乐、舞蹈和文化方面无与伦比的人物，故第一个空填an；在具体的某一天的下午要用定冠词the。

答案：A

2.On July 4,2009，a sixty-year-old man in Missouri managed to climb out of the car in the accident，________unhurt.

A.regularly

B.apparently

C.extremely

D.frequently

解析：语意：2009年7月4日，一位六十岁的老人在事故中设法从车里爬了出来，显然没有受伤。apparently “显然地，明显地”；regularly “有规则地，定期地”；extremely “极端，极其”；frequently “经常，时常”。

答案：B

3.My math teacher doesn’t mind what way I solve the problem________I can.

A.even though

B.as soon as

C.as long as

D.as though

解析：语意：只要能解出题目来，我的数学老师不在乎我使用了什么方法。even though “即使”，引导让步状语从句；as soon as “一……就……”，引导时间状语从句；as long as “只要”，引导条件状语从句；as though “仿佛，好像”，引导方式状语从句。根据语意选C项。

答案：C

4.Thanks to the police，otherwise the accident________.

A.would happen

B.would be happened

C.happened

D.would have happened

解析：otherwise含有if the police hadn’t come之意，表示与过去的事实相反，故要用与过去相反的虚拟语气形式，因此D项符合题意。

答案：D

知识拓展：题干中通常有一些隐含信息，这些信息往往用一定的形式表示。例如：用with sth.，without sth.，but for等介词短语代替条件句，用or或者otherwise代替条件句等。本题中的otherwise就是一个隐含的条件状语从句。

5.After several sleepless nights，Mr Johnson________a perfect solution to the financial problems of his company.

A.kept up with

B.put up with

C.came up with

D.ended up with

解析：根据语意“几个不眠之夜后，Johnson先生提出了一个非常好的解决公司财政问题的方法。”可知，应使用come up with “提出”。keep up with “赶上，追上”；put up with “忍受，容忍”；end up with “以……告终”。

答案：C

6.It is none of your business________other people think of you.Believe in yourself.

A.how

B.what

C.which

D.when

解析：think of表示“对……的评价”，此处应用what。

答案：B

7.—Who do you know________lit the Olympic flame on August 8,2008?

—The former gymnastics star Li Ning.

A.was it that

B.that it was

C.that was it

D.it was that

解析：此句为强调句的特殊疑问句，句中又有插入语do you know，所以用陈述语序。答案：D

8.The nurse treated the boy very kindly，but he was so naughty that her patience ________ at last.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9a3696403.html,ed up

B.got away

C.went down

D.gave out

解析：give out表示“用尽”。句意是“她失去了耐心”。use up用完，为及物动词短语；get away走开，逃离；go down下去，(价格)下降；give out释放，散发出，分发。

答案：D

9.I’d rather have a room of my own，however small it is，than ________a room with someone else.

A.to share

B.to have shared

C.share

D.sharing

解析：考查would rather do sth.than do sth.结构。此题可把however small it is提到句首，这样此题的结构就清晰了，考生要注意这一类题的做法。

答案：C

10.When Chinese people talk about American cities，the first________comes into their minds

is San Francisco.

A.city

B.one

C.that

D.of them

解析：先行词是序数词first，关系代词在从句中作主语通常用that。

Ⅳ.完形填空

To some people who didn’t know Harry，he was just a senior citizen.__1__me he was an adviser，a good listener，and most of all，my friend.Harry always__2__time for me when I would __3__him up on the phone with some plumbing(管道)problems.He would always say，“How are you，Kid？”

He __4__on a lot of his plumbing knowledge to me in our __5__talks and would inspire me to be confident in the things I had learned from him and on the job.I still remember__6__a customer came into the __7__looking for help.I started to shy away，feeling __8__of myself.Harry said，“Go ahead，Kid，you__9__do it .You have to leave the nest sometime and now is the time.”He was right.

Harry was a humble(谦逊的)man.One day I complained when asked to __10__the floor in the store and Harry told me，“Kid ，it’s part of the job，and__11__，you’re being paid.”He would grab the broom and start singing.I was always__12__by how this gentle man could __13__an unpleasant task into a learning __14__for me.

I always wanted to be like him. He never __15__to let little things annoy him.He said，“Life was too __16__for that.”

I will miss his concern and gentle caring ways，and I will always cherish(珍惜)the moments we had together.I am __17__for the good parts that Harry __18__ on me and at times I try to pass these __19__on to others.God must have known that I needed an Angel to guide me and he __20__Harry.

1.A.Beyond B.Within C.For D.To

解析：to sb.表“对于……来说”与首句相对称。

答案：D

2.A.saved B.had C.spent D.wasted

解析：save time表“节省时间”；spend time“花时间，度过”；waste time“浪费时间”。此句句意为“当我碰到难题打电话给他的时候，他总会耐心聆听。”

答案：B

3.A.call B.tell C.show D.give

解析：call sb.up打电话给某人。

答案：A

4.A.took B.passed C.looked D.carried

解析：pass on...to...表“把……传递给……”。take on“呈现，从事”；look on“旁观”；carry on“继续”。

答案：B

5.A.honest B.formal C.frequent D.patient

解析：两个人的友好关系应该是在多次(frequent)交谈中建立起来的。

答案：C

6.A.when B.that C.why D.whether

答案：A

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9a3696403.html,pany B.station C.market D.store

解析：由下文第10空后面的in the store可知。

答案：D

8.A.unconscious B.unclear C.unsure D.unhappy

解析：上文用shy away表“害羞而回避”，可知作者感到自己“没有把握，无法胜任。”答案：C

9.A.can B.might C.must D.should

解析：表能力“你可以做到的”。显示出哈利对作者的鼓励。

答案：A

10.A.wash B.sweep C.repair D.dry

解析：从下文grab the broom(夺过扫帚)可推断出。

11.A.except B.however C.besides D.therefore

解析：根据语境，哈利对“我”说：“孩子，这是工作的一部分，况且，你还有工资拿呢。”

答案：C

12.A.attracted B.amazed C.excited D.encouraged

解析：表描述一件事情后的总结。

答案：B

13.A.translate B.throw C.persuade D.turn

解析：turn...into表“把……变成”；translate...into表“把……翻译成……”；

throw...into表“把……扔进……”；persuade...into表“劝说某人做某事”。

答案：D

14.A.skill B.lesson C.practice D.opportunity

答案：D

15.A.meant B.seemed C.wished D.happened

解析：句意为“他好像从不会让鸡毛蒜皮的琐事烦扰自己。”与下文相呼应。

答案：B

16.A.interesting B.short C.long D.annoying

解析：意为“人生苦短，没时间为琐事烦心。”

答案：B

17.A.grateful B.anxious C.responsible D.sorry

解析：根据上文，哈利对“我”言传身教，“我”心存感激。

答案：A

18.A.fixed B.put C.impressed D.expressed

解析：impress...on...表“给……留下印象”。

答案：C

19.A.characters B.gifts C.words D.benefits

解析：character表“性格，特征”；gift表“馈赠；珍品”；word表“话语”；benefit 表“利益，好处”。句意为“我也不时把这份馈赠传给其他人。”

答案：B

20.A.asked B.decided C.chose D.provided

解析：句意“上帝知道我需要一位天使来引导我，而他给我派来的天使，就是哈利。”

答案：C

阅卷现场(教师用书独具)

问题二：推理判断题常见问题

问题描述与分析

推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。学生在此类问题上失分较多，主要是无法准确找到答案的位置点，很难进行正确推理。

典例精析

【例1】(2009·全国Ⅰ卷C篇)We have met the enemy，and he is ours.We bought him at a pet shop.When monkey-pox，a https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9a3696403.html,ually found in the African rain forest，suddenly turns up in children in the American Midwest it’s hard not to wonder if the disease that comes from foreign animals is homing in on human beings. “Most of the infections (感染)we think of as human infections started in other animals”，says Stephen Morse，director of the Center for Public Health Preparedness at Columbia University.

It’s not just that we’re going to where the animals are；we’re also bringing them closer to us. Popular foreign pets have brought a whole new disease to this country. A strange illness

killed Isaksen’s pets and she now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea. “I don’t think it’s fair to have them as pets when we have such a limited knowledge of them，”says Isaksen.

“Laws allowing these animals to be brought in from deep forest areas without stricter control need changing，”says Peter Schantz. Monkey-pox may be the wake-up call. Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners. We know very little about these new diseases. A new bug(病毒)may be kind at first.But it may develop into something harmful(有害的). Monkey-pox doesn’t look a major infectious disease. But it is not impossible to pass the disease from person to person.

(D)1.We learn from Paragraph l that the pet sold at the shop may ________

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9a3696403.html,e from Columbia

B.prevent us from being infected

C.enjoy being with children

D.suffer from monkey-pox

(A)2.The text suggests that in the future we ________.

A.may have to fight against more new diseases

B.may easily get infected by diseases from dogs

C.should not be allowed to have pets

D.should stop buying pets from Africa

【答案解析】

1.选择D。推理判断题。根据第一段的第一、二句话可知，我们从宠物商店购买的动物身上携带疾病，能传播给人类。下面以猴痘为例说明作者的观点。

2.选择A。推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后两句A new bug may be kind at first.But it may develop into something harmful. Monkey-pox doesn’t look a major infectious disease.But it is not impossible to pass the disease from person to person可知，人类今后可能面临更多疾病的挑战。

【例2】(2009·山东卷A篇)A year ago August，Dave Fuss lost his job driving a truck for a small company in west Michigan. His wife，Gerrie，was still working in the local school cafeteria，but work for Dave was scarce，and the price of everything was rising. The Fusses were at risk of joining the millions of Americans who have lost their homes in recent years. Then Dave and Gerrie received a timely gift—$7,000，a legacy (遗产) from their neighbors Ish and Arlene Hatch，who died in an accident. “It really made a difference when we were going under financially.”says Dave.

But the Fusses weren’t the only folks in Alto and the neighboring town of Lowell to receive unexpected legacy from the Hatches’Dozens of other families were touched by the Hatches.generosity. In some cases，it was a few thousand dollars；in others，it was more than $100,000.

It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money，more than $3 million—they were an elderly couple who lived in an old house on what was left of the family farm.

Children of the Great Depression，Ish and Arlene were known for their habit of saving.They thrived on (喜欢) comparison shopping and would routinely go from store to store，checking prices before making a new purchase.

Through the years，the Hatches paid for local children to attend summer camp when their parents couldn’t afford it. “Ish and Arlene never asked if you needed anything，” says their friend Sandy Van Weelden，“They could see things they could do to make you happier，and they would do them.

Even more extraordinary was that the Hatches had their farmland distributed. It was the Hatches’wish that their legacy—a legacy of kindness as much as one of dollars and cents—should enrich the whole community (社区) and last for generations to come.

Neighbors helping neighbors—that was Ish and Arlene Hatch’s story.

(B)1.Why would the Hatches routinely go from store to store?

A.They decided to open a store

B.They wanted to save money

C.They couldn’t afford expensive things

D.They wanted to buy gifts for local kids

(A)2.According to Sandy Van Weelten，the Hatches were ________.

A.understanding

B.optimistic

C.childlike

D.curious

【答案解析】

1.选择B。推理判断题。第四段提到他们有节约的习惯，买东西前喜欢一个商店一个商店地比较价格，显然是为了省钱，所以答案为B。其他各项明显与文意不符。

2.选择A。从第五段Sandy Van Weelden的话可推知，the Hatches从来不问你需要什么，而是能够发现你需要的东西，然后就来帮助你，这说明他们非常善解人意，所以A项正确，其他选项均不符合文意。

【例3】(2009·陕西卷D篇)Every year about 80,000 people worldwide travel as air couriers. The number of tickets for courier travel is growing by about 10 percent a year. However，air-courier travel isn’t for everyone. But if you have very little money，can be flexible(灵活的) about your travel plans，and don’t mind wearing the same clothes for a week，it can be a great way to take a vacation!

(A)One of the disadvantages of traveling as an air courier is that he ________.

A.cannot decide when and where to travel

B.cannot take any luggage with him

C.has to wear two pairs of jeans

D.saves little money from the travel

【答案解析】选择A。推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知这个旅行计划随意性、灵活性很大，所以本题选A。

【例4】(2009·重庆卷A篇)I was waiting for a phone call from my agent. He had left a message the night before，telling me that my show was to be cancelled. I called him several times，but each time his secretary told me that he was in a meeting and that he would call me later. So I waited and waited，but there was still no call. Three hours passing by，I became more and more impatient. I was certain that my agent didn’t care about my work，and he didn’t care about me.

I was overcome with that thought. I started to shout at the phone，“Let me wait，will you? Who do you think you are？”

(B)Why did the author shout at the telephone?

A.He was mad at the telephone.

B.He was angry with his agent.

C.He was anxious about his wife.

D.He was impatient with the secretary

【答案解析】选择B。推理判断题。根据文中第一句内容可知，我给经纪人多次打电话都没有打通，等了三个小时之后还要继续等，我认为这是经纪人不关心我的工作，不在乎我的感受，最终导致了我情绪的爆发。

【例5】(2009·安徽卷C篇)Sometimes，the simplest ideas are the best. For example，to absorb heat from the sun to heat water，you need large，flat，black surfaces. One way to do that is to build those surfaces specially，on the roofs of buildings. But why go to all that trouble when cities are full of black surfaces already，in the form of asphalt (柏油) roads?

Ten years ago，this thought came into the mind of Arian de Bondt，a Dutch engineer. He finally persuaded his boss to follow it up. The result is that their building is now heated in winter and cooled in summer by a system that relies on the surface of the road outside.

The heat-collector is a system of connected water pipes. Most of them run from one side of the street to the other，just under the asphalt road. Some，however，dive deep into the ground.

When the street surface gets hot in summer，water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving pipes. At a depth of 100 metres lies a natural aquifer (蓄水层) into which several heat exchangers (交换器) have been built. The hot water from the street runs through these exchangers，warning the ground-water，before returning to the surface through another pipe. The aquifer is thus used as a heat store.

In winter，the working system is changed slightly. Water is pumped through the heat exchangers to pick up the heat stored during summer. This water goes into the building and is used to warm the place up. After performing that task，it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice.

(D)1.Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?

A.Arian de Bondt got his idea from his boss.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/9a3696403.html,rge，flat，black surfaces need to be built in cities.

C.The Dutch engineer’s system has been widely used.

D.Heat can also be collected from asphalt roads.

(D)2.For what purpose are the diving pipes used?

A.To absorb heat from the sun.

B.To store heat for future use.

C.To turn solar energy into heat energy.

D.To carry heat down below the surface.

(B)3.From the last paragraph we can learn that ________

A.some pipes have to be re-arranged in winter

B.the system can do more than warming up the building

C.the exchangers will pick up heat from the street surface

D.less heat may be collected in winter than in summer.

【答案解析】1.选择D。推测判断题。由文章第二段最后一句内容可以得出“可以从外面的柏油马路上收集热量”。

2.选择D。推测判断题。由文章第四段中“water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving pipes.”内容得出答案。

3.选择B。推测判断题。由文章最后一段最后一句“it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice.”内容可知，这一系统不只是给楼房加热，它还要使马路上的冰雪消融。

解决方案与指南

1.常用提问方式为：

(1)It can be inferred that ________.

(2)Which of the following conclusions can we draw/come to according to the passage?

(3)We can conclude from the passage that ________.

(4)According to the passage，we can infer that ________.

(5)The passage implies，but doesn’t directly state that ________.

(6)The tone of the passage is ________.

(7)The author of the article is probably a ________.

(8)The writer suggests that ________.

(9)We can infer from the article that ________.

(10)What is the writer’s attitude toward ________？

2.解题方法

(1)抓住特定信息逆向或正向推理。做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正向推理，推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。

(2)整合全文(段)信息合理进行推断。做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目有关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论，忌“见树不见林”。

(3)利用语境褒贬适当进行信息推断。几乎每篇文章的语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性及变化的标志性词汇或句子对我们掌握文章主旨大意，了解主人公的心理特点及发展变化，从而正确地进行逻辑推断很有好处。

(4)根据文章结论推断作者态度。作者的态度、倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定，对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。

(5)根据上下逻辑大胆得出结论。逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路，预测下文可能发展的内容。文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系，对比关系来描写。必须注意的是：

①读者不可根据自己的主观臆断毫无根据地下结论；②所得结论必须符合作者的意图。

(6)结合已有知识正确进行推断。知识推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用自己掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论的一种推断方法。知识推断题一般都针对细节。解答此类题，不仅需要我们有一定的社会基础知识，而且需要对文章细节以及有关背景知识有一个充分的理解。

7)根据篇章结构进行判断推理。根据不同文章的内容和写作目的，作者会采取记叙、描写、议论、说明或应用文体。作者也会采用叙述、例证、比较对照等不同的组织结构。不同文体的阅读难度、要求和任务不同，阅读方法也应不同。增强对篇章结构的理解能力有助于提高阅读质量。

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此题型要求考生纵览全文，在汇集全文提供的各项信息的基础上，进行正确的逻辑推理，推断作者的情感态度，人物的动机、目的、性格特征；事件的前因后果以及作者写作的手法，此类题属于深层理解题，要把握这类题必须透彻理解全文，认真探究句意，注意逻辑关系及有关的生活常识。考生做题时一定要整体理解语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去把握作者的“弦外之音”。

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