Virtualization architecture using the IDLocator split concept for Future Wireless Networks (FWNs)

Virtualization architecture using the ID/Locator split concept for Future Wireless Networks (FWNs)

Future Wireless Networks (FWNs) will be a convergence of many fixed and mobile networking technologies including cellular, wireless LANs, and traditional wired networks. This united ubiquitous network will consist of billions of networkable devices with different networking interfaces. A common networking protocol is required to communicate among these devices and interfaces; System Architecture Evolution (SAE) documents state that Internet Protocol(IP), world-widely used in the current Internet, is likely to become that common protocol.However, traditional IP architecture has faced several known challenges, such as mobility, multihoming, privacy, path preference selection, etc., which should be resolved in FWNs. One of the difficulties in the current IP architecture is the overloading of IP addresses used both as the identity and the location of IP devices. In this paper, we propose a virtualization concept for networkable components, or (virtual) objects, which generalizes all abstract components to potentially be used in FWNs. In addition, we have explicitly separated the functions of the virtual object identity from the virtual object location (using the ID/locator split concept). The end-to-end communication is a concatenation of the involved components, called a channel. To help support the ownership and policy enforcement for trusted vs. untrusted networks, a set of (virtual) networkable components with the same interest, called a realm, is formed in a multi-tier structure. The individual policy can be enforced for each individual group of (virtual) objects and/or channels. This virtualization architecture concept, characterized by the ID/locator split concept, is well-suited for FWNs and helps eliminate problems in the current Internet.

Keywords: ID/Locator split; Future Wireless Networks; FWNs; Next generation wireless networks; NGWNs; Mobility; Multihoming; Privacy; System Architecture Evolution; SAE; Virtual object; Object; Virtual object to virtual object communication; Virtual channel; Channel; Multi-tier; Future wireless internet; Future internet; Network architecture

Distributed QoS-sensitive band selection strategies for dynamic spectrum access in unlicensed CDMA networks

Recent studies indicate the presence of a significant amount of idle licensed spectrum, in different time periods and geographic locations. Fixed spectrum allocation lacks efficient mechanisms for sharing spectral resources. Prompted by the recent regulatory changes and radio technology advances, opportunistic use of spectrum bands is becoming increasingly attractive, as it can alleviate the spectrum scarcity problem in the unlicensed bands. We study the dynamic spectrum access for a CDMA wireless environment, where unlicensed users run elastic data applications, i.e., throughput has to be within a range of acceptable values. Unlicensed users may transmit in idle licensed bands (i.e., not used by a licensed user). We focus on the band selection problem of unlicensed users. We propose a prediction-driven and a probabilistic, distributed strategy with which users might efficiently share the available resources. The assessment of the proposed strategies shows that they achieve fast convergence and the attained equilibria are near optimal.

Special issue on “Wireless Multi-Hop Networking for Infrastructure Access”

Impact of Ultra Wide Band emission on WiMAX systems at 2.5 and 3.5 GHz

In this work, results of an analytical analysis to assess the effect of Ultra Wide Band (UWB) emissions on the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access system (WiMAX) are presented. The WiMAX range is evaluated with and without the UWB interference. Free space propagation model is used to calculate the UWB signal power that interferes with WiMAX systems. It is shown that, for the case of single UWB transmitter, WiMAX system can easily tolerate UWB interference when the UWB EIRP is ?83 dBm/MHz or less for a distance between the UWB transmitter and the WiMAX receiver of 1 m or higher at 3.5 GHz frequency in order to have only 5% range reduction. To make this possible, multi band UWB should not transmit in the first and the second bands. This will have a detrimental effect on UWB technology. For 2.5 GHz WiMAX, the range reduction wi ll be 5% when the UWB EIRP is ?87 dBm/MHz.

Media coding for the next generation mobile system LTE

Application-aware scheduling for VoIP in Wireless Mesh Networks

QoS analysis of video streaming service in live cellular networks

QoS analysis of video streaming service in live cellular networks

The provision of high speed access to Internet and IP-based services is one of the main goals of beyond 3G(B3G) wireless systems. These systems will benefit from cross-layer protocol designs that will introduce interactions between different layers to obtain performance gains. The majority of the research in the field of cross-layer in B3G systems aims at improving quality of service (QoS) system centric metrics such as spectral efficiency, service latency, delay variation (jitter), etc. However, minor attention has been paid to the satisfaction of the subjective quality requirements from human users. With the goal of incorporating the subjective human perception into the cross-layer design of B3G systems, this work carries out an experimental survey of the sensitivity of the user subjective quality to the service response time for the Web browsing application. From the experimental results, a mapping from service response time and user data rate (provided by the wireless link)to mean opinion score (MOS) is derived. The presented results will show that the Web page size plays an important role in the mapping function. The derived mapping function is incorporated into a radio resource allocation algorithm for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems. This incorporation is carried out maximizing the aggregate utility over all the users in the cell. Its performance has been compared to that of the multicarrier proportional fair (MPF) under heavy load conditions with a 3G LTE simulator. The results have shown that the proposed methodology can provide an interesting enhancement of the user experienced quality compared to the MPF algorithm.

The provision of high speed access to Internet and IP-based services is one of the main goals of beyond 3G(B3G) wireless systems. These systems will benefit from cross-layer protocol designs that will introduce interactions between different layers to obtain performance gains. The majority of the research in the field of cross-layer in B3G systems aims at improving quality of service (QoS) system centric metrics such as spectral efficiency, service latency, delay variation (jitter), etc. However, minor attention has been paid to the satisfaction of the subjective quality requirements from human users. With the goal of incorporating the subjective human perception into the cross-layer design of B3G systems, this work carries out an experimental survey of the sensitivity of the user subjective quality to the service response time for the Web browsing application. From the experimental results, a mapping from service response time and user data rate (provided by the wireless link)to mean opinion score (MOS)

is derived. The presented results will show that the Web page size plays an important role in the mapping function. The derived mapping function is incorporated into a radio resource allocation algorithm for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems. This incorporation is carried out maximizing the aggregate utility over all the users in the cell. Its performance has been compared to that of the multicarrier proportional fair (MPF) under heavy load conditions with a 3G LTE simulator. The results have shown that the proposed methodology can provide an interesting enhancement of the user experienced quality compared to the MPF algorithm.

A performance analysis of block ACK scheme for IEEE 802.11e networks

全国各地旅游景点一览表格

全国经典旅游景点一览表 北京 故宫博物院、天坛公园、颐和园、（八达岭-慕田峪）长城旅游区、明十三陵景区、恭王府景区、石花洞风景名胜、店人遗址、什刹海、京杭大运河、八大处、密云县古北口镇、九渡河镇、东坝古镇、王四营 燕京八景：太液秋风、琼岛春阴、金台夕照、蓟门烟树、西山晴雪、玉泉趵突、卢沟晓月、居庸叠翠 天津 古文化街旅游区（津门故里）、盘山风景名胜区、大悲禅院、文庙、挂甲寺、五大道租借区、平津战役纪念馆、天塔湖风景区、南市食品街、周恩来邓颖超纪念馆、大沽口炮台、九龙山国家森林公园、九山顶自然风景区、八仙山国家级自然保护区、霍元甲纪念馆、凯旋王国主题公园、意式风情区 上海 明珠广播电视塔、野生动物园、科技馆、豫园、陆家嘴、外滩万国建筑群、路步行街、世博园 重庆 大足石刻景区、巫山（小三峡）、武隆喀斯特旅游区(天生三桥、仙女山、芙蓉洞) 、酉阳桃花源景区、奉节小寨天坑、白帝城、青龙瀑布红岩革命纪念馆、抗战遗址博物馆、綦江黑山谷景区、南川金、武陵山大裂谷、飞庙 河北 ：避暑山庄及周围寺庙景区

：山海关景区、北戴河风景名胜区 ：安新白洋淀景区、野三坡景、大慈阁 ：西柏坡景区、清西陵 市：清东陵、南湖景区 ：崆山白云洞、峡谷群 江 ：园林（拙政园、虎丘、留园）、昆山周庄古镇景区、金鸡湖景区、吴江同里古镇景区、寒山寺、网师园、狮子林、沧浪亭、环秀山庄、退思园、锦溪镇、周庄镇、同里镇、甪直镇、木渎镇、虎丘、乐园、玄妙观、盘门三景、乐园 ：钟山-陵园景区、夫子庙-淮河风光带景区、明孝陵、鸡鸣寺、玄武湖、灵谷寺、总统府、朝天宫、江南贡院、莫愁湖、燕子矶、阅江楼、雨花台、明城墙、甘熙宅第、瞻园、栖霞寺、汤山温泉、博物院、、莫愁湖、长江大桥、梅花山、白鹭洲公园、中华门、将军山风景区、阳山碑材、静海寺、天妃宫 ：影视基地三国水浒景区、灵山大佛景区、鼋头渚风景区、锡惠公园、灵山胜境、善卷洞、竹海 ：恐龙城休闲旅游区、武进太湖湾旅游度假区、嬉戏谷、中华孝道园、中国春秋淹城旅游区、淹城春秋乐园、淹城野生动物世界、淹城遗址、大运河、天宁风景名胜区、红梅公园、东坡公园、舣舟亭、红梅阁、青枫公园、亚细亚影视城、武进市新天地公园、天目湖旅游度假区、南山竹海、吴越弟一峰、熊猫馆、天目湖御水温泉、茅山风景名胜区、茅山盐湖城 ：瘦西湖景区、高邮旅游集聚区、宝应旅游集聚区、仪征旅游集聚区、抗日战争最后一役纪念馆、大明寺、个园、仙鹤寺、汉陵苑、神居山、盂城驿、龙虬庄遗址、镇国寺塔、文游台、古悟空寺、中国邮驿文化城、高邮湖芦苇荡湿地公园、高邮湖滩郊野公园 ：濠河风景区、博物苑、狼山、如皋水绘园 ：梅兰芳纪念馆、溱湖国家湿地公园、溱潼古镇、兴化垛田风光带、凤城河景区 ：三山景区（金山-北固山-焦山）、茅山、赤山、宝华山、南山、伯先公园、英国领事馆、西津渡、蒜山、招隐寺、圌山、五柳堂、五卅演讲厅、扬中园博园 ：云龙湖、云龙山、龟山汉墓、祖园、邳州艾山风景名胜区、马陵山风景区、沛县汉城、汉画像石艺术馆、窑湾古镇、蟠桃山佛教文化景区、安湖湿地公园、博物馆、大洞山风景区、

世界33大著名旅游景点(组图)

第1位—美国大峡谷-TheGrandCanyon 美国大峡谷是一个举世闻名的自然奇观，位于西部亚利桑那州西北部的凯巴布高原上，总面积2724．7平方公里。由于科罗拉多河穿流其中，故又名科罗拉多大峡谷，它是联合国教科文组织选为受保护的天然遗产之一。

第2位—澳大利亚的大堡礁—GreatBarrierReef 世界上有一个最大最长的珊瑚礁群，它就是有名的大堡礁—GreatBarrierReefo它纵贯蜿蜒于澳洲的东海岸，全长2011公里，最宽处161公里。南端最远离海岸241公里，北端离海岸仅16公里。在落潮时，部分的珊瑚礁露出水面形成珊瑚岛。 第3位—美国佛罗里达州—Flori—dl

佛罗里达风景最亮丽的棕榈海滩是全球著名的旅游天堂之一，适宜的气候、美丽的海滩、精美的饮食、艺术展览和文艺演出，即使是最挑剔的游客，在棕榈海滩也能满意而归。每年的四月，棕榈海滩的艺术活动是最丰富多彩的，包括各种海滩工艺品展览，其中于4月4 日启动的棕榈海滩爵士节以展示美国最杰出的爵士音乐而赢得了艺术爱好者的青睐。 第4位—新西兰的南岛-Soutls—land

新西兰位于南太平洋，西隔塔斯曼海与澳大利亚相望，西距澳大利亚1600公里，东邻汤加、斐济国土面积为二十七万平方公里，海岸线长6900千米，海岸线上有许多美丽的海滩。 第5位—好望角一CapeTown

好望角为太平洋与印度洋冷暖流水的分界，气象万变，景象奇妙，耸立于大海，更有高逾二干尺的达卡马峰，危崖峭壁，卷浪飞溅，令人眼界大开。 第6位—金庙-GoldenTemple

金庙位于印度边境城市阿姆利则。作为锡克教的圣地，阿姆利则意为“花蜜池塘”。金庙由锡克教第5代祖师阿尔琼1589年主持建造，1601年完工，迄今已有400年历史。因该庙门及大小19个圆形寺顶均贴满金箔，在阳光照耀下，分外璀璨夺目，一直以来被锡克人尊称为“上帝之殿”。 第7位—拉斯维加斯-LasVegas

全国各省旅游景点大全

北京:八达岭故宫什刹海圆明园玉渊潭龙庆峡 十三陵天安门香山颐与园天坛十渡 百花山潭柘寺雍与宫幽谷神潭紫竹院黑龙潭 康西草原中央电视塔 澳门 : 妈祖阁大三巴牌坊澳门文化中心澳门博物馆玫瑰圣母堂竹湾海滩辽宁 : 沈阳故宫千山昭陵玉佛苑本溪水洞金石滩 虎滩乐园鸭绿江大桥辽宁省博物馆棒棰岛大孤山风景名胜区海王九岛 赫图阿拉城怪坡星海公园 重庆; 三峡大坝葛洲坝瞿塘峡歌乐山巫峡渣滓洞 白帝城白公馆丰都鬼城石宝寨芙蓉洞缙云山 金佛山宝顶山四面山 西藏: 珠穆朗玛峰大昭寺然乌湖布达拉宫纳木错墨脱 圣湖八廓街扎什伦布寺桑耶寺神山色拉寺 羊卓雍湖哲蚌寺罗布林卡古格王朝日喀则绒布寺 青海; 青海湖塔尔寺茶卡盐湖鸟岛日月山坎布拉 格尔木柴达木盆地北禅寺东关清真大寺黄河源孟达天池 倒淌河 宁夏: 沙湖西夏王陵贺兰山岩画长江源青铜峡108塔沙坡头 玉皇阁中卫高庙宏佛塔 台湾: 宝岛美景阿里山日月潭阳明山玉山太鲁阁 台北故宫板桥林家花园野柳赤嵌楼溪头秀姑峦溪 鹅銮鼻合欢山七美岛 山西: 五台山恒山平遥古城壶口瀑布乔家大院云冈石窟 王家大院北武当山晋祠悬空寺显通寺日升昌票号 广胜寺庞泉沟应县木塔南山寺善化寺 黑龙江: 大兴安岭漠河镜泊湖太阳岛吊水楼瀑布冰雪大世界 极乐寺亚布力滑雪场扎龙自然保护区圣索菲亚大教堂 甘肃; 嘉峪关莫高窟玉门关郎木寺伏羲庙麦积山石窟 炳灵寺石窟崆峒山 湖北: 三峡神农架武当山黄鹤楼归元寺葛洲坝 东湖西陵峡五道峡大九湖九畹溪香溪源 燕子垭 内蒙古: 呼伦贝尔草原成吉思汗陵阿斯哈图石林赤峰五当召响沙湾 扎兰屯锡林浩特达里诺尔湖大青沟格根塔拉草原黑里河 天津: 古文化街盘山食品街独乐寺大沽口炮台天后宫 天成寺舍利塔太平寨千像寺八卦城清真大寺蓟县白塔 新疆: 塞里木湖喀纳斯那拉提草原吐鲁番魔鬼城火焰山 交河故城高昌古城喀什博斯腾湖阿尔泰山白杨沟 博格达山楼兰卡拉库里湖罗布泊果子沟艾丁湖