EMC专业术语英汉对照
EMC Terminology
EMC专业术语BASIC CONCEPTS 基本概念
Electromagnetic environment: The totality of electromagnetic phenomena existing at
a given location.
电磁环境：存在于给定场所的电磁现象的总和。
Radio environment: The electromagnetic environment in the radio frequency range.
The totality of electromagnetic fields created at a given location by operation, of radio transmitters.
无线电环境：无线电频率范围内的电磁环境。在给定场所内处于工作状态的无线电发射机产生的电磁场总和。
Electromagnetic noise: A time-varying electromagnetic phenomenon apparently not conveying information and which may be superimposed or combined with a wanted signal.
电磁噪声：一种明显不传送信息的时变电磁现象，它可能与有用的信号叠加或组合。
Natural (atmospheric) noise: Electromagnetic noise having its source in natural (atmospheric) phenomena and not generated by man-made devices.
自然（天电）噪声：来源于自然（天电）现象而非人工装置产生的电磁噪声。Man- made (equipment) noise: Electromagnetic noise having its source in the man-made devices
人为（设备）噪声：来源于人工装置的电磁噪声。
Radio frequency noise: Electromagnetic noise having components in the radio fre-quency range.
无线电频率噪声：具有无线电频率分量的电磁噪声。
Electromagnetic radio noise:The total electromagnetic disturbance complex in which an equipment, subststem, or system may be immersed exclusive of its own electromagnetic contribution.
环境无线电噪声：可浸没任一设备、子系统或系统的全部电磁骚扰的合成，其中不包含
Narrowband radio noise: Radio noise having a spectrum exhibiting one or more sharp peaks, narrow in width compared to the nominal bandwidth of, and far
enough apart to be resolved by, the measuring instruments (or the
communication receiver to be protected).
窄带无线电噪声：频谱显示有一个或多个尖峰且宽度比标称带宽窄的无线电噪声，其标称带宽离测量仪器（或已防护的通信接收机）可分辨的带宽足够远。Narrowband radio noise: Radio noise having a spectrum broad in width as compared to the nominal bandwidth of the measuring instrument, and whose spectral
components are sufficiently close together and uniform that the measuring
instrument cannot resolve them.
宽带无线电噪声：频谱宽度比测量仪器标称带宽宽的无线电噪声，其谱分量之间相距足够近而且均匀，以致测量仪器不能分辨它们。
Electromagnetic radiation: The phenomenon by which energy in the form of electro-magnetic waves emanates from a source into space. Energy transferred through space in the form of electromagnetic waves. (By extension, the term radiation sometimes also covers induction phenomena.)
电磁辐射：能量以电磁波的形式由源发射到空间的现象。能量以电磁波形式在空间传播。（电磁辐射一词的含义有时也可引申，将电磁感应现象也包括在内。）Electromagnetic disturbance:Any electromagnetic phenomenon that may degrade the performance of a device, equipment, or system, or adversely affect living or inert matter. (An electromagnetic disturbance may be electromagnetic noise, an unwanted signal, or a change in the propagation medium itself.)
电磁骚扰：任何可能引起装置、设备或系统性能降低或者对有生命或无生命物质产生损坏作用的电磁现象。
Radio frequency disturbance: An electromagnetic disturbance having components in the radio frequency range.
无线电频率骚扰：具有无线电频率分量的电磁骚扰。
Unwanted signal: undesired signal: A signal that may impair the reception of a wanted signal.
无用信号：可能损害有用信号接收的信号。
Interfering signal: A signal that impairs the reception of a wanted signal.
干扰信号：损害有用信号接收的信号。
Degradation (of performance):An undesired departure in the operational performance of any device, equipment, or system from its intended performance.
(The term degradation can apply to temporary or permanent failure.)
（性能）降低：装置、设备或系统的工作性能与正常性能的非期望偏离。（术语性能降低可用于临时性或永久性失效。）
Electromagnetic interference (EMI): Degradation of the performance of a device, equipment, or system caused by an electromagnetic disturbance.
电磁干扰（EMI）：电磁骚扰引起的设备、传输通道或系统性能的下降。
Radio frequency interference (RFI): Degradation of the reception of a wanted signal caused by radio frequency disturbance.
无线电频率干扰（RFI）：由无线电骚扰引起的有用信号接收性能的下降。Digital device:information technology equipment (ITE) , that fails into the class of unintentional radiators, uses digital techniques and generators, and uses timing signals or pulses at a rate in excess of 9000 pulses per second.
数字装置：一种信息技术设备（ITE），属于采用数字技术和发生器一类的非故意辐射器，并采用速率超过每秒9 000个脉冲的时钟信号或脉冲。Information technology equipment (ITR): Unintentional radiator equipment designed for one or more of the following purposes:
1. Receiving data from an external source (such as a data input line or a keyboard)
2. Performing some processing functions, of the received data (such as computation, data transformation or recording, filing, sorting, storage, transfer of data)
3. Providing a data output (either to other equipment or by the reproduction of data or images) .
This definition includes electrical/electronic units or systems that predominantly
generate a multiplicity of periodic, binary pulsed electrical/electronic waveforms and are designed to perform data processing functions such as word processing, electronic computation, data transformation, recording, filing, sorting, storage, retrieval and transfer, and reproduction of data as images'
信息技术设备（ITE）：为达到下列一个或多个目的而设计的非故意辐射器设备：
1. 接收来自外部源（例如通过数据线或键盘输入）的数据。
2. 对接收到的数据进行某些处理（如计算、数据转换或记录、建档、分类、存
储和传送。）
3. 提供数据输出（或送至另一设备或再现数据或图像）。
这个定义包括那些主要产生各种周期性二进制电气或电子脉冲波形，并实现数据处理功能的单元或系统：诸如文字处理、电子计算、数据转换、记录、建档、分类、存储、恢复及传递，以及用图像再现数据等。
Personal computer: A system containing a host and a limited number of peripherals designed to be used in the home or in small offices, which enables individuals to perform a variety of computing or word processing functions or both, and which typically is of a size permitting it and its peripherals to be located, on a table
surface.
Note: other definitions given in product standards or applicable regulations may take precedence.
个人计算机：一种包含主机与有限数量外设的系统，设计成可在家庭或小型办公室中使用，以便个人能够完成各种计算或文字处理功能或两种功能兼备；它的典型尺寸为可将它及其外设放在一张桌面上。注意：在产品标准或适用的规范中给出的其他定义可以优先采纳。
Peripheral device:A digital accessory that feeds data into or receives 'data from another device (host) that, in turn, controls its operation.
外围设备：将数据馈入其他设备（主机）或接收来自其他设备（主机）的数据以控制其工作的数字辅助设备。
Incidental radiator:A device that .produces RF energy during the course of its operation, although the device is not intentionally designed to generate or .emit RF energy. Examples of incidental radiators are DC motors and mechanical light switches.
附随辐射器：并非有意地设计成产生或发射射频能量，但在其工作过程中会产生射频能量的装置，例如直流电动机和机械电灯开关。
Intentional radiator: A device that intentionally generates and emits RF energy by radiation or induction.
故意辐射器：靠辐射或感应故意产生并发射射频能量的装置。DISTURBANCE WAVEFORMS 骚扰的波形
Transient:Pertaining to or designating a phenomenon or a quantity that varies between two consecutive steady states during a time interval short compared to the time scale of interest.
瞬态（的）：在两个相邻状态之间变化的物理量或物理现象，其变化时间小于所关注的时间尺度。
Pulse: An abrupt variation of short duration of a physical quantity followed by a rapid return to the initial value.
脉冲：在短时间内突变，随后又迅速返回其初始值的物理量。
Pulse count: The number of pulses in some specified time interval.
脉冲计数：在指定时间间隔内脉冲的个数。
Impulse: A pulse that, for a given application, approximates a unit pulse or a Dirac function.
冲激脉冲：针对某给定用途，近似于一单位脉冲或迪拉克函数的脉冲。Impulsive disturbance: Electromagnetic noise that, when incident on a particular device or equipment, manifests itself as a succession of distinct pulses or
transients.
脉冲骚扰：在某一特定装置或设备上出现的、表现为一连串清晰脉冲或瞬态的电磁骚扰。
Random noise:Electromagnetic noise, the values of which at given instants are not predictable, except in a statistical sense.
随机噪声：（给定瞬间其值不可预测的噪声。）给定瞬间其值不可预测而只有统计意义的电磁噪声。
Electrostatic discharge (ESD): A transfer of electric charge between bodies of different electrostatic potential in proximity or through direct contact.
静电放电（ESD）：具有不同静电电位的物体相互靠近或直接接触而产生的电荷转移。
Surge (surge-protective device): A transient wave of current, potential, or power in an electric circuit.
浪涌（浪涌防护装置）：电路中的电流、电势或功率瞬态波。
Swell: A momentary increase in the power frequency voltage delivered by the mains, outside of the normal tolerances, with a duration of more than one cycle and less than a few seconds.
隆起：干线传输的电源频率的电压瞬间增大，超出了标准公差、持续时间超过一个周期而小于几秒。
Surge let-through: That part of the surge that passes by a surge protective device with little or no alteration.
允过浪涌：很少变化或无变化地通过浪涌防护装置的那部分浪涌。
Surge remnant:That part of an applied surge that remains downstream of one or several protective devices.
浪涌残余：外加浪涌经过一个或几个防护装置后剩余的部分。
Continuous disturbance: Electromagnetic disturbance, the effects of which on a par-ticular device or equipment cannot be resolved into a succession of distinct ef-fects.
连续骚扰：对一个特定设备的效应不能分解为一串能清晰可辨的效应的电磁骚扰。
Continuous noise: Electromagnetic noise, the effects of which on a particular device or equipment cannot be resolved into a succession of distinct effects.
连续噪声：对一个特定设备的效应不能分解为一串能清晰可辨的效应的噪声。Quasi-impulsive noise: Electromagnetic noise equivalent to a superposition of impul-
sive noise and continuous noise.
准冲击噪声：等效于脉冲噪声与连续噪声的叠加的电磁噪声。
Discontinuous interference: Electromagnetic interference occurring during certain interference-free time intervals.
非连续干扰:出现于被无干扰间隙隔开的一定时间间隔内的电磁干扰。INTERFERENCE CONTROL 干扰控制
Electromagnetic susceptibility:The inability of a device, equipment, or system to perform, without degradation in the presence of an electromagnetic disturbance.
(Susceptibility is a lack of immunity.)
电磁敏感性：在存在电磁骚扰的情况下，装置、设备或系统不能避免性能降低的能力特性。（敏感性高，抗扰性低。）
Immunity (to a disturbance):The ability of a device, equipment, or system to perform without degradation in the presence of an electromagnetic disturbance. （对骚扰的）抗扰性：装置、设备或系统面临电磁骚扰而不降低运行性能的能力。Internal immunity: Ability of a device, equipment, or system to perform without degradation in the presence of electromagnetic disturbances appearing at its normal input terminals or antennas.
内部抗扰性：装置、设备或系统在其常规输入端或天线处存在电磁骚扰时能正常工作而无性能降低的能力。
Immunity level: The maximum level of a given electromagnetic disturbance incident on a particular device, equipment, or system for which it remains capable of operating at a required degree of performance.
抗扰性电平：将给定电磁骚扰施加于某一装置、设备或系统而其仍能正常工作并保存所需性能等级时的最大骚扰电平。
Immunity limit: The specified minimum immunity level.
抗扰度限值：规定的最小抗扰性电平。
Immunity margin：'The difference between the immunity limit of a device, equipment, or system and the electromagnetic compatibility level.
抗扰度裕量：装置、设备或系统的抗扰性限值与电磁兼容电平之间的差值。External immunity:Ability of a device, equipment, or system to perform without degradation in the presence of electromagnetic disturbances entering other than via its normal input terminals or antennas.
外部抗扰性：装置、设备或系统在电磁骚扰经由除常规输入端或天线以外的途径侵入的情况下，能正常工作而无性能降低的能力。
Limit of disturbance: The maximum permissible electromagnetic disturbance level, as measured in a specified way.
骚扰限值（允许值）：对于规定测量方法的最大电磁骚扰允许电平。
Limit of interference：Maximum permissible degradation of the performance of a device, equipment or system duo to an electromagnetic disturbance (Because of the difficulty of measuring: interference in many systems, frequently the term limit of interference is used in English instead of limit of disturbance.)
干扰限值（允许值）：（电磁骚扰使装置、设备或系统最大允许的性能降低。）电
磁骚扰使装置、设备或系统性能降低的最大允许值。（因为在很多系统中干扰难以测量，所以在英文中干扰限值一词常常用骚扰限值替代。）Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC): The ability of a device, equipment, or system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in .that environment.
电磁兼容性（EMC）：设备或系统在其电磁环境中能正常工作且不对该环境中任何事物构成不能承受的电磁骚扰的能力。
Intersystem electromagnetic compatibility:The condition that enables a system to function without perceptible degradation caused by electromagnetic sources in another system.
系统间电磁兼容性：使系统能够不出现由另一系统电磁源造成明显性能降低的条件。
Intrasystem electromagnetic compatibility: The condition that enables the various portions of a system to function without perceptible degradation caused, by electromagnetic sources in other portions of the same system.
系统内电磁兼容性：使系统各部分都能够不出现由该系统不同部分电磁源造成的明显性能降低的条件。
Electromagnetic compatibility level: The specified maximum electromagnetic distur-bance level expected to be impressed on a device, equipment, or system operated in particular conditions.
电磁兼容电平：预期加在工作于指定条件的装置、设备或系统上的规定的最大电磁骚扰电平。
Electromagnetic compatibility margin: The ratio of the immunity level of a device, equipment, or system to the reference disturbance level.
电磁兼容裕量：装置、设备或系统的抗扰性电平与骚扰源的发射限值之间的差值。Earth-coupled interference, ground-coupled interference:Electromagnetic interference resulting from, an electromagnetic disturbance coupled from one circuit to another through, a common earth or ground-return path.
地耦合干扰：电磁骚扰从一电路通过公共地或地回路耦合到另一电路从而引起的电磁干扰。
Suppressor; suppression component: A component specially designed, for distur-bance suppression.
抑制器：专门设计来抑制骚扰的器件。
Disturbance suppression:Action that reduces or eliminates electromagnetic disturbance.
骚扰抑制：削弱或消除电磁骚扰的措施。
Interference suppression: Action that reduces or eliminates electromagnetic inter-ference.
干扰抑制：削弱或消除电磁干扰的措施。
Measurements 测量
Equipment under test (EUT): A device or system, used for .evaluation that is representative of a product to be marketed.
受试设备（EUT）：用来对市售产品做出评估的装置或系统的样品。
Low-voltage electrical and electronic, equipment:Electrical and electronic equipment with operating input voltages of up to 600 V DC or 1000 V AC.
低压电气与电子设备：工作时输入的直流电压不高于600 V或交流电压不高于1000V的电气、电子设备。
Conducted radio noise: Radio noise produced by equipment operation, which, exists on the power line (or signal lines) of the equipment and is measurable under specified conditions as a voltage or current.
传导无线电噪声：设备工作时产生的无线电噪声，它存在于设备的电源线（或信号线）上，并可在规定条件下作为电压或电流进行测量。
Power line conducted radio noise: Radio noise produced .by equipment operation, which exists on the power line of the equipment and is measurable under
specified conditions. Note: It may enter a receptor, such as ITE, by direct
coupling or by subsequent radiation from some circuit elements.
电源线传导无线电噪声：设备工作时产生的无线电噪声，它存在于设备的电源线上，并可在规定条件下进行测量。注意，通过直接耦合或某些电路元件的二次辐射，它可进入诸如ITE之类的接收器。
Common-made radio noise: Conducted radio noise that appears between a common reference plane (ground) and oil wires of a transmission line, causing their potentials to be changed simultaneously, and by the same amount relative to the common reference plane (ground).
共模无线电噪声：出现在公共参考面（地）与传输线所有导线之间，造成它们的电位同步变化且相对于公共参考面（地）数值相同的传导无线电噪声。Floor-standing equipment: Equipment designed to be used directly in contact with the floor, or supported above the floor on a surface designed to support both the equipment and the operator (e.g., a raised computer floor).
地上设备：设计成直接与地面接触或置于地板上的设备（地板用于支撑地面上方的设备和操作人员，例如高出地面的计算机地板）。
Table-top device: A device designed to be placed and normally operated on the raised Surface of a table, e.g., most personal computers.
桌面设备：设计成放置在桌面上使用的设备，例如大多数个人计算机。Differential-mode radio noise: Conducted radio noise that causes the potential of one side of the signal transmission path to be changed relative to another side.
差模无线电噪声：造成信号传输路径一侧的电位相对于另一侧变化的传导无线电噪声。
Artificial mains network; fine impedance stabilization network (LISN): A network inserted in the supply mains lead of an apparatus to be tested providing, in a given frequency range, a specified load impedance for (he measurement of disturbance voltages and possibly isolating the apparatus from the supply mains in that frequency range.
人工电源网络、线路阻抗稳定网络（LISN）：串接在被试设备电源进线处的网络。
它在给定频率范围内，为骚扰电压的测量提供规定的负载阻抗，并使被试设备与电源相互隔离。
Delta network: An artificial mains network enabling the common-mode and differen-
tial-mode voltages of a single-phase circuit to be measured separately.
德尔塔网络：能够分别测量单相电路共模电压和差模电压的人工电源网络。
V-networks:An artificial mains network enabling the voltages between each conductor and earth to be measured separately. (The V-network may be designed for application to networks of any number of conductors.).
V形网络：能够分别测量每个导体对地电压的人工电源网络。（V形网络可设计成用于任意导体数的网络。）
Current probe: A device for measuring the current in a conductor without interrupting the conductor and without introducing significant impedance into the associated circuits.
电流探头：在不断开导体且不对相应电路引入显著阻抗的情况下，测量导体电流的装置。
Surface transfer impedance (of a coaxial line): The quotient of the voltage induced in the center conductor of a coaxial line per unit length by the current on the external surface of the coaxial line.
（同轴线的）表面转移阻抗：同轴线内导体单位长度上的感生电压与同轴线外表面上的电流之比。
Ground reference plane: A flat conductive surface whose potential is used as a com-mon reference.
接地（参考）平面：一块导电平面，其电位用作公共参考电位。
Shielded enclosure; screened room:A mesh or sheet metallic housing designed exclusively for the purpose of electromagnetically separating the internal a nd.
the external environment.
屏蔽壳体、屏蔽室：专门设计用来隔离内外电磁环境的网状或薄板金属壳体。OPEN-AREA TEST SITES开阔试验场地
Standard antenna calibration site: A flat, open area site which has a metallic ground plane and is devoid of nearby scatterers such as trees, power lines, and fences.
标准天线较准场地：具有金属接地平面且附近没有树木、输电线和栅栏之类散射体的平坦开阔场地。
Ambient level: The values of radiated and conducted signal and noise existing at a specific test location and time when the test sample is not activated.
背景电平：受试样品尚未启动时，在指定试验地点与时间存在的辐射的和传导的信号及噪声之量值。
Antenna factor: Quantity relating the strength of the field in which the antenna is immersed to the output voltage across the load connected to the antenna.
天线系数：表示天线所在处电场强度与天线端接负载上输出电压之间关系的量。Site attenuation: The ratio of the power input to a matched balanced lossless tuned dipole radiator to that at the output of a similarly balanced matched lossless
tuned dipole receiving antenna for specified polarization, separation, and heights above a flat reflecting surface.
场地衰减：对于规定的极化、收发天线间距及距反射平面高度，输入匹配平衡无耗调谐偶极子辐射器的功率与同样是匹配平衡无耗调谐的偶极子接收天线
输出功率之比值。
Normalized site attenuation (NSA): Site attenuation divided by the antenna factors of the radiating and receiving antennas (ail in linear units).
归一化场地衰减（NSA）：场地衰减除以发射天线与接收天线的天线系数（全部用线性单位）。
Radiated radio noise: Radio noise energy in the form of an electromagnetic field including both the radiation and induction components of the field.
辐射无线电噪声：电磁场形态的无线电噪声能量，包括场的辐射分量与感应分量。Radiated emission test site: A site meeting specified requirements suit able for measuring radio interference fields radiated by a device equipment, or system
under test.
辐射发射试验场地：适用于测量由受试装置、设备或系统辐射的无线电干扰场的且满足规定要求的场地。
Single-signal method: A method of measurement in which the response of the receiver to an unwanted signal is measured in the absence of the wanted signal.
单信号法：在没有有用信号的情况下测量接收机对无用信号响应的方法。
Two-signal method: A method of .measurement that determines the response of the receiver to an unwanted signal in the presence of the wanted signal. (For this
method, the detailed test procedure and the criterion to use must be defined for
each type of receiver tested.)
双信号法：在存在有用信号情况下确定接收机对无用信号响应的测量方法。（用这种方法时，对每种被测接收机都必须规定详细的测试方法和采用的标准。）
RECEIVER AND TRANSMITTER TERMS 接收机与发射机术语
Broadcast receiver: A device designed to receives transmissions from a licensed station on frequencies that are authorized for commercial or public broadcasting. 广播接收机：用来接收被批准用于商业或公共广播事业的电台在许可频率上所
发送信号的设备。
Bandwidth (of a device): The width of the frequency band over which a given characteristic of an equipment or transmission .channel does not differ from its reference value by more than a specified amount or ratio. (The given characteristic may be, for example, that of amplitude/frequency, phase/frequency, or
delay/frequency.)
（设备的）带宽：设备或传输信道的给定特性偏离其参考值不超过某一规定值
或比率时的频带宽度。（例如，这个给定的特性可以是幅/频特性、相/频特性或时延/频率特性。）
Bandwidth (of an emission or signal): The width of the frequency band outside of which the level of any spectral component does not exceed a specified percentage or a reference level.
（发射或信号的）带宽：任一带外频谱分量的电平都不超过参考电平的某一规定百分比的频带宽度。Occupied bandwidth: The frequency bandwidth such that, below its lower and above
its upper frequency limits, the mean powers radiated are each equal to 0.5 percent of the total mean power radiated by a given emission. In some cases, for example multichannel frequency division systems, the percentage of 0.5 percent may lead to certain difficulties in the practical application of the definition of occupied
bandwidth; in such cases a different percentage may be useful.
占用带宽：低于频率下限与高于频率上限的带宽上发射的平均功率各等于一给
定发射辐射的总平均功率的0.5%。在某些情况下，例如多信道频率分派系统，0.5%这样的百分比在确定占用带宽的实际应用中会造成一定的困难，对于这种情况可采用不同的百分比。Broadband device:A device whose bandwidth is such that it is able to accept and process all the spectral components of a particular emission.
宽带设备：带宽足以接收和处理特定发射的所有频谱分量的设备。
Narrowband device: A device whose bandwidth is such that it is able to accept and process only a portion of the spectral components of a particular emission.
窄带设备：带宽只能满足接收和处理某一特定发射的部分频谱分量的设备。
Emission: An act of throwing out or giving off, generally used here in reference to electromagnetic energy.
发射：这里通常是指发出或放出电磁能量的一种作用。
Broadband emission: An emission that has a bandwidth greater than that of a particular measuring apparatus or receiver.
宽带发射：带宽大于某一特定测量设备或接收机带宽的发射。
Narrowband emission: An emission that has a bandwidth less than that of a particular measuring apparatus or receiver.
窄带发射：带宽小于特定测量设备或接收机带宽的发射。
Out-of-band emission: Emission on a frequency or frequencies immediately outside the necessary bandwidth that results from the modulation process, but excluding spurious emissions.
带外发射：由调制过程紧靠必要带宽的单个或多个带外频率点上的发射。杂散
发射除外。
Spurious emission (of a transmitting station): Emission on a frequency or frequencies that are outside the necessary bandwidth and the level of which may be reduced without affecting the corresponding transmission of information.
（发射台的）杂散发射：必要带宽外的单个或多个频率点上的发射。可以减小
其电平而不影响相应的信息传输。
Selectivity: The ability or a measure of the ability of a receiver to discriminate between
a wanted signal to which it is tuned and an unwanted signal having frequency
components generally lying outside the receiver bandwidth.
选择性：接收机分辨给定的有用信号与无用信号的能力或这一能力的度量。
Effective selectivity: selectivity under specified special conditions such as when input receiver circuits are overloaded.
有效选择性：在规定的特殊条件下，例如接收机输入电路过载时的选择性。
Adjacent-channel selectivity: The selectivity measured with a signal spacing equal to the channel spacing.
邻频道选择性：用于频道间隔相等的信号间隔所测得的选择性。
Desensitization: A reduction of the wanted output of the receiver because of an
unwanted signal.
灵敏度降低：由于无用信号引起的接收机有用输出的减小。
Cross modulation: Modulation of the carrier of a wanted signal by an unwanted signal, introduced by interaction of the signals in nonlinear devices, networks, or
transmission media.
交调：非线性设备、电网络或传播媒介中信号的相互作用所产生的无用信号对
有用的调制。
Intermodulation: A process occurring in a nonlinear device or transmission medium whereby the spectral components of the input signal or signals interact to produce new components having frequencies equal' to linear combinations with integral coefficients of the frequencies of the input components.
互调：发生在非线性的器件或传媒介中的过程由此一个或多个输入信号的频谱分量互相作用，产生出新的分量，它们的频率等于各输入信号分量频率的整倍数的线性组合。
Image rejection ratio: The ratio of the level of a specified signal at the image frequency to the level of a signal at the tuned frequency producing the same output power. 镜像抑制比：接收机镜像频率上的规定信号电平与产生同样输出功率的调谐频率的（有用）信号电平之比。
Intermediate-frequency rejection ratio: The ratio of the level of a specified signal at any intermediate frequency used in a receiver to the level of the wanted signal producing equal output power.
中频抑制比：接收机中使用的任一中频频率上的规定信号电平与产生同样输出
功率的有用信号电平之比。
Signal-to-disturbance ratio: The ratio of the wanted signal level to the electromagnetic disturbance levels as measured under specified conditions.
信骚比：规定条件下测得的有用信号电平与电磁骚扰电平之间的比值。
Signal-to-noise ratio: The ratio of the wanted signal level to the electromagnetic noise level as measured under specified conditions.
信噪比：规定条件下测得的有用信号电平与电磁噪声电平之间的比值。
Protection ratio: The minimum value of the signal-to-disturbance ratio required to achieve a specified performance of a device or equipment.
保护率：装置或设备达到规定性能所需的最小信骚比。
STATISTICAL MODELS 统计模型
Distribution function [P(x)]: The probability that a parameter is less than a given value x.
分布函数 [P（x）]：某一参数小于给定值x的概率。
Probability density function: The derivative of the distribution function P(x).
概率密度函数：分布函数P（x）的导数。
Amplitude probability distribution (APD): The fraction of the total time interval for which the envelope of a function is above a given level x.
幅度概率分布（APD）：函数的包络大于给定值x的时间段相对于总时间间隔的
百分率。
Envelope amplitude distribution (EAD): A cumulative distribution of the impulse response positive crossing rates of a bandpass filter at different spectrum ampli-tudes.
包络幅值分布（EAD）：带通滤波器在频谱幅值不同时的脉冲响应正交扰率的
累积分布。
Noise amplitude distribution (NAD): A distribution showing the pulse amplitude that is equaled or exceeded as a function of pulse repetition rate.
噪声幅值分布（NAD）：随脉冲重复率变化的一种表征达到或超过脉冲幅值的分布函数。Average crossing rate: The average rate at which a specified level (zero if not specified) is crossed in the positive-going direction.
平均交扰率：规定的电平（若不规定则为0）被正向被交扰的平均比率。
Power density: Emitted power per unit cross-sectional area normal to the direction of propagation.
功率密度：垂直于传播方向的每单位横截面积上辐射通过的功率。
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT 频谱管理Radio waves or Hertzian waves: Electromagnetic waves of frequencies arbitrarily lower than 3000 GHz, propagated in space without artificial guide.
无线电波或赫兹波：无人工导引情况下在空间传播的任何频率低于3 000 GHz的电磁波。
Radiation: The outward flow of energy from any source in the form of radio waves. 辐射：从源发出的能量以无线电波的形式向外传播。
Emission: Radiation produced, or the production of radiation, by a radio transmitting station. (For example, the energy radiated by the local oscillator or a radio receiver would not be an emission but a radiation.) Note: However, in the field of EMI/ EMC, the term emission is used to describe the electromagnetic interference (both radiated and conducted) generated by an apparatus or an appliance.
发射：由无线电发射电台产生的辐射或辐射产物。[例如，由本地振荡器或无线电接收机产生的能量辐射不是发射，而是辐射。]注意：然而在EMI/EMC 领域，术语发射用来描述由仪器或设备产生的电磁干扰（含辐射的与传导的两种）。
Out-of-band emission:Emission on a frequency or frequencies immediately outside the necessary bandwidth which results from the modulation process, but excluding spurious emissions.
带外发射：紧挨在必需的由调制过程造成的带宽之外的一个或多个频率的辐射，但不包括杂散辐射。
Spurious emission:Emission on a frequency or frequencies which are outside the necessary bandwidth, the level of which may be reduced without affecting the corresponding transmission of information. Spurious emissions include harmonic emissions, parasitic emissions, intermodulation products, and frequency-conversion products, but exclude out-of-band emissions.
杂散发射：必要带宽外的单个或多个频率点上的发射。可以减小其电平而不影响相应的信息传输。杂散辐射包括谐波发射、寄生发射、交调产物及变频产物。
带外发射除外。
Unwanted emissions: Consist of spurious emissions and out-of-band emissions.
无用发射：包括杂散发射和带外发射。
Allocation (of a frequency band): Entry in the Table of Frequency Allocations of a given frequency band for the purpose of its use by one or more terrestrial or space radio communication services or by the radio astronomy service under specified conditions. This term shall also be applied to the frequency band con-cerned.
（频带）分配：为了在规定条件下实现地球或太空范围内的一项或多项无线通信或射电天文学服务，将一给定的频带登记到频率分配表中。
Allotment (of a radio frequency or radio frequency channel): Entry of a designated frequency channel in an agreed plan, adopted by a competent conference, for use by one or more administrations for a terrestrial or space radio communication service in one or more identified countries or geographic areas and under speci-fied conditions.
（无线电频率或无线电频率信道的）分配：供一个或多个管理机关按规定条件用于一个或多个参与国或地区进行地球或太空范围内的无线通信服务，被授权会议接受登记一个约定计划中指定的频率信道。
Assignment (of a radio frequency or radio frequency channel): Authorization given by an administration for a radio station to use a radio frequency or radio frequency channel under specified conditions.
（无线电频率或无线电频率信道的）分配：由无线电台站管理部门核准，按规定条件使用无线电频率或无线电频率信道。
Assigned frequency band: The frequency band within which the emission of a station is authorized; the width of the band equals the necessary bandwidth plus twice the absolute value of the frequency tolerance. Where space stations are concerned, the assigned frequency band includes twice the maximum Doppler shift that may occur in relation to any point of the earth's surface.
分配的频带：台站在批准的频带内发射；该频带的宽度等于必要带宽加上频率容限绝对值的2倍。对于空间站，指定的频带包括可以发生在有关的地球表面上任何地点的最大多卜勒频移的2倍。
Assigned frequency: The center of the frequency band assigned to a station.
分配的频率：分配给台站的频带的中心频率。
Frequency tolerance: The maximum permissible departure by the center frequency of the frequency band occupied by an emission from the assigned frequency, or by the characteristic frequency of an emission from the reference frequency. The frequency tolerance is expressed in parts in million per Hertz.
频率容限：发射占有的带宽中心频率相对于指定频率的，或发射的特征频率相对于参考频率的最大允许偏差。频率容限以每赫兹百万分之几来表示。Interference: The effect of unwanted energy caused by one or a combination of emis-sions, radiations, or inductions upon reception in a radio communication system, manifested by any performance degradation, misinterpretation, or loss of information which could be extracted in the absence of such unwanted energy.
干扰：在无线电通信系统接收时，由一种发射、辐射、感应或它们的组合产生的
无用能量的效应，表现为性能下降、误判或使得原本没有这种无用能量时能提取到的信息丢失。
Protection ratio: The minimum value of the wanted-to-unwanted signal ratio,, usually expressed in decibels, at the receiver, input determined under specified conditions such that a specified reception quality of the wanted signal is achieved at the receiver output.
防护率：在规定条件下，例如接收机输出的有用信号达到规定的接收质量，所确定的接收机输入的有用信号与无用信号之比的最小值，通常以分贝表示。
SIGNAL INTEGRITY 信号完整性
Fall time: Time for a signal to change from a logic high state to a logic low state. 下降时间：信号从逻辑高状态变化到逻辑低状态所经历的时间。
Flight time: Time difference between the signal at the driver reaching V ref with a reference/test load and the signal at the receiver reaching V ref. Flight time is also known as bus loss, since it historically was used to derate the spec T co timing to account for the difference between the spec load and the actual system load impact on circuit timing.
飞行时间：在激励器接参考/试验负载情况下信号达到V ref与接收机信号达到V ref 之间的时间差。飞行时间又称总线损耗，因为历史上曾用于减小额外时间T co，观测T co是为了考虑专用负载与实际系统负载在影响环路时间方面的差别。
ISI (Inter Symbol Interference):ISI refers to the interactions between the logic value/ symbol from the previous switching cycle and the symbol traveling on the same channel of the current cycle. ISI occurs as a result of energy stored in the channel summing with a latter unrelated signal. It is dependent upon multicycle reflections and affects the rising/falling edge and settling characteristics.
ISI（代码间干扰）：ISI系指前一开关周期的逻辑值/代码与同一个通道中当前周期传送的代码之间的相互作用。ISI的发生是储存在通道中的能量与后来的无关信号相加的结果。它取决于多个周期的反射，并影响到上升/下降沿及复原特性。
Jitter:Jitter refers to deviation in time between edges of individual signals that are periodic. For example, clock jitter is the time deviation from the clock period (the clock period may be compressed or expanded). Jitter can also affect source-synchronous circuits that have transactions spanning multiple cycles or edges, and it can also be applied to differences between rise and fall edges of a signal.
抖动：抖动系指单个周期性信号的边沿之间在时间上的偏移。例如，时钟抖动是对时钟周期的时间偏移（时钟周期可以压缩或扩张）。抖动能影响跨越多个周期或边沿细节的源同步电路，还能施加到信号上升沿与下降沿之间的差值中。
Overshoot/undershoot: Overshoot/undershoot occurs when a signal transition goes beyond the V ol/V il for falling edge and V ih/V oh for a rising transition.
过冲/下冲：过冲与下冲发生在信号跃变下降沿超过V ol/V il与上升沿超过V oh/V ih
时刻。
Period: For common dock circuits and multiclock cycle transactions, period refers to
a single clock or strobe cycle duration from a rising edge transition to the next
rising edge transition (or falling edge to falling edge). For example, a 1 GHz cycle period is 1 ns duration.
周期：对于公共时钟电路与多钟循环工作的情况，周期是指从某一上升沿过渡段到下一上升沿过渡段（或从下降沿到下降沿）的单钟或选通脉冲循环期。例如，1 GHz循环的周期是1 ns。
Push-out/pull-in: Push-out and pull-in refer to difference in signal [light time due to signal coupling effects and signal return path discontinuities. Comparing with the delay of single-bit switching, push-out means all the drivers switching at the same direction (even mode), whereas pull-in means all the other drivers switching at the opposite direction (odd mode).
推出/拉入：推出与拉入是指由于信号耦合效应与信号回程不连续造成的信号飞行时间差。与单比特开关的延时相比，推出意味着所有激励级在相同方向通断（偶模），而拉入意味着所有激励级在相反方向通断（奇模）。Ringback:Ringback occurs when a signal rising edge crosses beyond the V ih, threshold and recrosses the threshold again before setting beyond V ih. Depending upon the magnitude and duration of the recrossing, the settling time may need to be calculated from the final crossing of V ih. This also applies to signal falling edges recrossing V il before setting below V il.For a clocked signal, ringback is typically allowed as long as the signal settles beyond the V ih/V oh threshold to satisfy the setup timing requirement.
环路返回：环路返回发生在当信号上升沿超越V ih阈值、并在超过V ih置位之前再次超越阈值之时。根据再次超越的幅值与持续时间，置位时间可能需要从最后一次超越V ih时计算。这也适用于信号下降沿在低于V il置位之前再超越V il。对于时钟信号，典型地将允许环路返回与超越V ih/V il阈值的信号复原一样长，以满足设置计时要求。
Rise Time: Rise time is the time for a signal to change from a logic low state to logic high state. This may also include partial transitions as well (10% ~ 90% amplitude change, or rise through specific voltage thresholds, such as 0.5 V ~ 1 V).
上升时间：上升时间是信号从逻辑低状态变化到逻辑高状态所经历的时间。上升时间也包括诸如从幅值的10%变化至90%或从指定的某电压（如0.5 V）上升至某电压（如1V）所经历的时间。
Skew: Skew is the difference between two or more signals in their delay at a specified voltage threshold. For a common clock circuit, skew may be critical between a driver and receiver clock to determine setup or hold time impact. For a source-synchronous system this can apply to strobe vs. signal or strobe vs.
strobe.
偏离：偏离是两个或多个信号在规定的电压阈值下其延时之间的差值。对于公共的时钟电路，偏离将是激励器与接收器时钟之间决定建立或保持时间脉冲的关键。对于源同步系统，偏离可用于读取脉冲与信号比较或读取脉冲与读取脉冲比较。
Tco (Clock to output valid delay): T co is the delay between component clock input (at
a specified input voltage threshold) and a valid signal output (at a specified
reference load and output voltage threshold). This delay for system design is typically specified at component package pins or input/output pads.
T co（时钟对输出的有效时延）：T co是器件时钟输入（在规定的输入电压阈值下）与有效信号输出（在规定的参考负载与输出电压阈值下）之间的时延。对系统设计而言这种时延典型地规定在器件外壳插脚或输入/输出极板处。
Th (Signal hold time to clock input): This is the required for the input signal to remain valid (above V ih for rising and below V il for falling) beyond the input clock edge transition of the receiving component. Hold time is used both at receiving components for common clock and source-synchronous timing.
T h（信号对时钟输入的保持时间）：这是输入信号超过接收器件的输入时钟边沿传送保持有效（上升则高于V in、下降则低于V il）的要求。
Tsu (Signal setup time to clock input): This is the time required for the input signal to be settled about V ih (rising) or below V il(falling) at the receiving component before its input clock edge transition. Setup time is used both at receiving components for common clock and source-synchronous timing.
T su（信号对时钟输入的建立时间）：这是接收器件在其输入时钟边沿传送之前对于输入信号调整在V ih上下（上升时）或低于V il（下降时）的时间要求。
建立时间用于公用时钟与源同步计时这两种接收器件。
Vil/Vih (Voltage input low/high): V il and V ih refer respectively to the maximum low input voltage for a high to low input transition and minimum high input voltage for a low to high input transition. The input signal needs to remain stable beyond these voltage limits to be guaranteed latched in.
V il/V ih（低/高输入电压）：V il与V ih分别指输入从高到低跃变的最大低输入电压与输入从低到高跃变的最小高输入电压。输入信号在超过这些保证闩锁住的电压极限时必须保持稳定。
Vol/Voh (Voltage output low/high):V ol and V oh are the low and high, respectively, voltage levels guaranteed at the driver output reference point for the driven signal.
Vol/Voh（低/高输出电压）：V ol与V oh分别指在激励器输出参考点保证激励信号所需的低与高电平。
Vl (Threshold voltage): V l refers to the input threshold voltage which determines whether a high or low state is sensed at the receiver input. In some cases, an input threshold is. specified with an additional noise margin or overdriver region specified for timing specification or signal condition requirements.
V t（阈值电压）：V t指接收器输入端感知的输入阈值电压，无论是高状态还是低状态它是确定的。在某些情况下，输入阈值是用附加的噪声裕度规定的，或采用定时技术要求或信号条件要求对过激励区域的规定。
音响专业术语中英对照
专业音频术语中英文对照 A ＡAC ａutomａtiｃ ampltiｕdｅ control 自动幅度控制 AＢ AB制立体声录音法?Aｂeyaｎｃd 暂停,潜态 A-B repeat A-B重复?ABS absolｕte 绝对得,完全得，绝对时间 AＢＳaｍerican burｅａｕ oｆｓtanda rd 美国标准局?ABＳＳ auｔｏｂlａnk seｃrion ｓｃanning 自动磁带空白部分扫描Ａbsｔi mｅ绝对运行时间?A、ＤEＦ audiｏ dｅfeａｔ音频降噪,噪声抑制,伴音静噪 ADJ ａdj eｃｔｉve 附属得,附件?AＤＪ Aｄjust 调节 ＡDJ ａcｏｕｓｔｉｃｄｅlay lｉnｅ声延迟线 Admiｓsiｏn 允许进入,供给 ADP acouｓｔiｃｄaｔa ｐroceｓsoｒ音响数据处理机 ＡＤP(T) adaptｅr 延配器，转接器ＡDRES autｏmatｉｃｄynamic ranｇｅ ｅxpansion systｅm?动态范围扩展系统 A ＤRM ａnａlｏg tｏdigｉtal remastｅr 模拟录音、数字处理数码唱盘 ADS ａudio distribution system 音频分配系统 A、DUB aｕｄio dｕbbiｎｇ配音,音频复制,后期录音 AＤV ａdvance 送入，提升,前置量?ADV adｖersuｍ对抗 ADＶ advance r 相位超前补偿器?Ａｄvｅｎｔuｒｅ惊险效果 AE audio erasing 音频(声音)擦除 AE auxｉｌiａry eqｕipｍeｎt 辅助设备Aerｉａｌ天线 ＡＥＳaudio engineeｒing soｃieｔｙ美国声频工程协会ＡF audｉo fｉdelity 音频保真度?AF audio frｅquencｙ音频频率 AFC aｃtive fieｌd conｔrｏｌ自动频率控制?AＦC automatiｃfrｅquenｃｙ coｎtｒol 声场控制 Ａffricaｔe 塞擦音?AＦL ａside ｆａde lｉsten 衰减后(推子后)监听 A-fadｅr 音频衰减 ＡFM advancｅ freｑuency moｄulａtion 高级调频 AFS acoｕstｉｃ feedｂａｃｋ sｐea ｋer 声反馈扬声器 AFＴ automaｔｉc fiｎｅ tuning 自动微调 AＦＴAＡS advancｅｄｆast ｔime aｃousti ｃaｎaｌｙｓｉs ｓysteｍ?高级快速音响分析系统 Afｔer 转移部分文件 Aftergloｗ余辉，夕照时分音响效果 Agａin st 以……为背景 AGC ａｕtomａtic gaｉn contrｏl 自动增益控制AHＤaudｉｏhigｈ densｉtｙ音频高密度唱片系统 AI aｄvanced intｅgrateｄ预汇流ＡI amplｉfier inｐｕt 放大器输入 AI artificｉaｌ intellｉｇence 人工智能AI azｉmuｔh iｎdi cator 方位指示器 A－IN 音频输入 A－INSEL aｕｄｉo ｉnput sｅleｃtiｏn 音频输入选择 Alarm 警报器 ALC ａutomatic level cｏntｒoｌ自动电平控制?AＬC autｏmａtic lｏａd ｃontroｌ自动负载控制
马克思哲学术语
英汉马克思主义理论常用词汇 A abstract labour抽象劳动 accumulation积累 Adler,Max阿德勒,麦克斯 Adorno,Theodor 阿多尔诺,西奥多 aesthetics 美学 agnosticism 不可知论 alienation异化 Althusser, Louis 阿尔都塞,路易 anarchism 无政府主义 ancient society 古代社会 anthropology人类学 archaeology and prehis tory考古学和史前史 aristocracy贵族统治 art艺术 Asiatic society亚细亚社会 Austro-Marxism奥地利马克思主义 automation自动化 B Bakunin, Michael巴枯宁,米哈伊尔
banks银行 base and superstructure基础和上层建筑 Bauer, Otto鲍威尔,奥托 Benjamin, Walter本杰明,瓦尔特 Bernal, John Desmond 贝纳尔,约翰·德斯蒙德Bernstein, Eduard伯恩施坦,爱德华 Blanquism布朗基主义 Blosh, Ernst布洛赫,恩斯特 Bolshevism布尔什维克主义 Bonapartism波拿巴主义 bourgeoisie资产阶级 Brecht, Bertolt布莱希特,贝托尔特 Bukharin, Nikolai lvanovich布哈林,尼古拉·伊万诺维奇bureaucracy官僚机构 C capital资本 capitalism资本主义 cartels and trusts卡特尔和托拉斯 caste种姓 centralization and concentration of capital资本集中和积累chance and necessity偶然性和必然性 Christianity基督教 circulation流通
电气自动化专业英文词汇缩写
电力系统power system 发电机generator 励磁excitation 励磁器excitor 电压voltage 电流current 升压变压器step-up transformer 母线bus 变压器transformer 空载损耗no-load loss 铁损iron loss 铜损copper loss 空载电流no-load current 有功损耗active loss 无功损耗reactive loss 输电系统power transmission system 高压侧high side 输电线transmission line 高压high voltage 低压low voltage 中压middle voltage 功角稳定angle stability 稳定stability 电压稳定voltage stability 暂态稳定transient stability 电厂power plant 能量输送power transfer 交流AC 直流DC 电网power system 落点drop point 开关站switch station 调节regulation 高抗high voltage shunt reactor 并列的apposable 裕度margin 故障fault 三相故障three phase fault 分接头tap 切机generator triping 高顶值high limited value 静态static (state) 动态dynamic (state) 机端电压控制AVR 电抗reactance 电阻resistance 功角power angle 有功（功率）active power 电容器Capacitor 电抗器Reactor 断路器Breaker 电动机motor 功率因数power-factor 定子stator 阻抗impedance 功角power-angle 电压等级voltage grade 有功负载: active load PLoad 无功负载reactive load 档位tap position 电阻resistor 电抗reactance 电导conductance 电纳susceptance 上限upper limit 下限lower limit 正序阻抗positive sequence impedance 负序阻抗negative sequence impedance 零序阻抗zero sequence impedance 无功（功率）reactive power 功率因数power factor 无功电流reactive current 斜率slope 额定rating 变比ratio 参考值reference value 电压互感器PT 分接头tap 仿真分析simulation analysis 下降率droop rate 传递函数transfer function 框图block diagram 受端receive-side
色彩常用术语中英文对照
色彩常用术语中英文对照 2007-08-06 16:48:16 (已经被浏览7次) 一.红色类红色red 朱红vermeil; vermilion; ponceau 粉红pink; soft red; rose bloom 梅红plum;crimson;fuchsia red 玫瑰红rose madder; rose 桃红peach blossom; peach; carmine rose 樱桃红cherry; cerise 桔红reddish orange; tangerine; jacinth; salmon pink; salmon 石榴红garnet 枣红purplish red; jujube red; date red 莲红lotus red 浅莲红fuchsia pink 豉豆红bean red 辣椒红capsicum red 高粱红Kaoliang red 芙蓉红hibiscus red; poppy red; poppy 胭脂红rogue red ; carmine; cochineal; lake 鲑鱼红salmon 玳瑁红hawksbill turtle red 海螺红cadmium orange 宝石红ruby red 玛瑙红agate red 珊瑚红coral 金红bronze red 铁红iron oxide red 铁锈红rust red 镉红cadmium red 铬红chrome red 砖红brick red 土红laterite; reddle 郎窑红lang-kiln red 均红Jun-kiln red 釉底红underglaze red 威尼斯红Venetian red 法国红French vermilion 茜红alizarin red; madder red 洋红carmine; magenta 品红pinkish red; magenta 猩红scarlet red; scarlet; blood red 油红oil red 紫红purplish red; madder red; wine red; wine; carmine;amaranth; claret; fuchsia;
哲学英语词汇
哲学英语词汇 陶冶；教化cultivation 陶治；教育{德}bildung 博士论文Doctoral dissertation 博雅教育liberal education 发生法genetic method 象征主义symbolism 进化论派教育学Evolutionistic pedagogy 进步主义教育progressive education 传记法biographical method 奥林匹克运动会{奥运}Olympian Olympic Olympic games 意志will 意志教育education of will 意识consciousness 意识流streams of consciousness
慈善学校charity school 感官训练sense training 感官唯实论sense realism 感官教育sense education 感官陶冶sense culture 感情；感受；情感feeling 爱国主义；爱国情操patriotism 新人本主义；新人文主义neo humanism 新教育New education 新教学校Protestant school 暗示suggestion 暗示感受性suggestibility 暗示诘问suggestive questioning 溯因考察causal investigation 禁闭confinement punishment
禁欲主义Asceticism 经院主义；士林哲学Scholasticism 经院学者；士林哲学家Scholastic 经验教育学Empirical pedagogy（教育学，教学法）经验论；经验主义Empiricism 圣经学校Bible school 资讯；知识information=knowledge 运动员风度；运动家精神sportsman ship 道德morality 道德教育moral education 道德教学moral instruction 顿悟；洞悟；洞见；洞察insight 实用主义pragmatism 实质训练material discipline
飞机专业术语(英汉对照)
1、the airframe 机身,结构 2、The front (fore) part 前部 3、The rear (aft) part 后部 4、port 左旋(舵) 5、starboard 右旋(舵) 6、the inboard engine or inboards 内侧发动机 7、the outboard engine or outboards 外侧发动机 8、the nose 机头 9、the belly 腹部 10、the skin 蒙皮 11、the windscreen or windshield 风挡 12、the wing 机翼 13、the trailing edge 机翼后缘 14、the leading edge 机翼前缘 15、the wing tip 翼尖 16、the control surface 操纵面 17、ailerons 副翼 18、flaps (inboard flap,outboard flap,leading edge flaps) 襟翼（内侧襟翼，外侧襟翼，前缘缝翼） 19、spoilers (inboard\outboard spoiler)(spoiler down\up) 阻力板，扰流板（内、外侧扰流板）（扰流板放下、打开） 20、slats 缝翼 21、elevators (elevator control tab) 升降舵（升降舵操纵片） 22、rudder (rudder control tab) 方向舵（方向舵操纵片）
23、flap angle 襟翼角 24、flap setting 襟翼调整 25、the full flap position 全襟翼位置 26、a flapless landing 无襟翼着陆 27、the landing gear 起落架 28、stabilizer 安定面 29、the nose wheel 前轮 30、gear locked 起落架锁定 31、the wheel well 起落架舱 32、the wheel door 起落架舱门 33、a tyre 轮胎 34、to burst 爆破 35、a deflated tyre 放了气的轮胎 36、a flat tyre 走了气的轮胎 37、a puncture 轮胎被扎破 38、to extend the flaps (to retract the flaps) 放下襟翼（收上襟翼） 39、gear extention (gear retraction) 起落架放下（起落架收上） 40、The gear is jammed. 起落架被卡死。 41、The flaps are jammed. 襟翼被卡死。 42、the emergency extention system 应急放下系统 43、to crank the gear down 摆动放下起落架 44、the brakes 刹车
电气专业术语中英对照
一．电气名词 Electric items 二．线路（母线、回路）Lines (Bus , circuits) 三．设备 Equipments 四．保护、继电器 Protection , relays 五．电气仪表 Electric instruments 六．防雷 Lightning protection 七．接地 Grounding , earthing 八．室、所 Room , Substation 九．电修车间设备 Equipments of electric repair 十．材料 Material 十一．图名 Drawings , diagrams 十二．表头 Tables 十三．标准图词汇 Terms from standard DWG 一．电气名词 Electric items 交（直）流 Alternating (direct) current 短路电流 Short-circuit current 起始次暂态短路电流 Initial subtransient short-circuit current 冲击电流 Impulse current 稳态短路电流 Steady state short-circuit current 临界电流 Critical current 切断电流 Rupturing current 熔断电流 Blow-out current 故障电流 Fault current 计算电流 Calculating current 极限有限电流 Limit effective current 过电流 Over current 逆电流 Inverse current 整定电流 Setting current 额定电流 Rated current 电流密度 Current density 短路电流最大有效值 Maximum effective value of short-circuit current 高压 High-voltage , High-tension 低压 Low-voltage , Low-tension 计算电压 Calculating voltage 激磁电压 Exciting voltage 冲击电压 Impulse voltage 临界电压 Critical voltage
房务部专业术语中英文对照
房务部：Rooms Division 前厅部：Front Office 客房部：Housekeeping 大堂副理：Assistant Manager 宾客关系主任：Guest Relation Officer 前台：Front Desk 接待处：Reception/Check-in 收银处：Cashier/Check-out 领班：Captain 主管：Supervisor 班次负责人：Shift Leader 商务中心：Business Center 客房服务代表：Guest service agent(接待和收银合并之后的前台人员的称呼)简称GSA 电话总机：Switch Board 接线员：Operator 预订处：Room Reservation 礼宾服务处：Concierge 大厅服务处：Bell Service 金钥匙：Golden Key 行政楼层：Executive Floor 行政酒廊：Executive Lounge 行李生：Bellman 迎宾员：Doorman 夜审：End of Day /Night auditor 2．前厅服务项目专业术语介绍 入住：Check-in 退房：Check-out 外币兑换：Foreign Currency Exchange 问询：Information 接送机服务：Pick up service 叫醒服务：Wake up call 请勿打扰服务：DND Do not disturbed 失物招领：Lost and Found 国内直拨和国际直拨电话：DDD and IDD Domestic Direct Dial and International Direct Dial对方付费电话：Collect Call 3．前厅常用物品术语介绍： 住宿登记单：Registration card 欢迎卡：Welcome card 订房凭证：Voucher 交接本：log book 信封：Envelope 房卡钥匙：Room key 安全保管箱：Safe Deposit Box 客房统计和出售率统计的术语 预离房：Expected Departure 预抵房：Expected Arrival
光学术语中英文对照
透镜系列术语中英文对照 单透镜 Simple (Single) Lenses 球透镜 Ball Lenses 歪像透镜 Anamorphic Lenses 圆锥透镜 Conical Lenses 柱状透镜，环形透镜 Cylindrical & Toroidal Lenses 非球面透镜 Aspheric Lenses 反射折射透镜 Catadioptric Lenses 绕射极限透镜 Diffraction-Limited Lenses GRIN透镜 GRIN Lenses (Graduated Refractive Index Rod) 微小透镜阵列 Micro Lens Arrays 准直透镜 Collimator Lenses 聚光透镜 Condenser Lenses 多影像透镜 Multiple Image Lenses 傅利叶透镜 Fourier Lenses 菲涅尔透镜 Fresnel Lenses 替续透镜 Relay Lenses 大口径透镜(直径150mm以上) Large Aperture Lenses (150mm) 复合透镜 Complex Lenses 红外线透镜 Infrared Lenses 紫外线透镜 Ultraviolet Lenses 激光透镜 Laser Lenses 望远镜对物镜 Telescope Objectives Lenses 显微镜对物镜 Microscope Objectives Lenses 接目镜 Eyepieces Lenses 向场透镜 Field Lenses 望远镜头 Telephoto Lenses 广角镜头 Wide Angle Lenses 可变焦伸缩镜头 Variable Focal Length Zoom Lenses CCTV镜头 CCTV Lenses 影印机镜头 Copy Machine Lenses 传真机镜头 Facsimile Lenses 条码扫描器镜头 Bar Code Scanner Lenses
常用保险术语(中英对照版本)
常用保险术语 保险费率 premium rate 单位保险金额应该收取的保险费。 损失 loss 非故意的、非预期的和非计划的经济价值的减少或灭失。通常分为直接损失和间接损失。 损失程度 loss severity 保险标的可能遭受的损失的严重程度。 直接损失 direct loss 由风险事故导致的财产本身的损失。 间接损失 indirect loss 由直接损失引起的额外费用损失、收入损失和责任损失等无形损失。 保险 insurance 投保人根据合同约定，向保险人支付保险费，保险人对于合同约定的可能发生的事故因其发生所造成的财产损失承担赔偿保险金责任，或者当被保险人死亡、伤残、疾病或者达到合同约定的年龄、期限时承担给付保险金责任的商业保险行为。 财产保险 property insurance 以财产及其有关利益为保险标的的保险。 企业财产保险 commercial property insurance 以单位、团体所有或占有的在指定地点的财产及其有关利益为保险标的的财产保险。 营业中断保险 business interruption insurance 以单位因停产、停业或经营受影响而面临的预期利润的减少及必要的费用支出为保险标的的财产保险。 机器损坏保险 machinery breakdown insurance 以各类已安装完毕并投入运行的机器为保险标的财产保险。 货物运输保险 cargo insurance 以运输途中的货物为保险标的保险。 海上货物运输保险 ocean marine cargo insurance 以通过海上运输方式运输的货物作为保险标的的保险。 陆上货物运输保险 inland transit insurance 以通过陆上运输方式运输的货物为保险标的的保险。
电气常用词汇_中英对照
电子产品常用英文词汇 一、常见电子电气类英文单词 1.功率power 2.电压voltage 3.电流current 4.频率frequency 5.效率efficiency 6.波形waveform 7.交流alternating-current 8.直流direct-current 9.适配器adaptor 10. 转换器converter 11. 逆变器inverter 12. 充电器charger 13. 控制器controller 14. 启动器jump starter 15. 器件device 16. 元件component 17. 电容器capacitor 18. 电阻resistor 19. 电感inductor 20. 二极管diode 21. 稳压二极管zener 22. 三极管audion 23. 场效应管MOSFEET(Metel-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) 24. 变压器transformer 25. 光藕optical coupler 26. 保险丝fuse 27. 半导体semiconductor 28. 瓷片电容ceramic capacitor 29. 电解电容electrolytic C 30. 电感inductance 31. 电容capacitance 32. 电阻resistance 33. 感性的inductive 34. 容性的capacitive 35. 阻性的resistive 36. 阻抗impedance 37. 纯正弦波pure sine wave 38. 修正正弦波modified sine wave 39. 方波square wave 40. 恒流源constant current source 41. 恒压源constant voltage source 42. 纹波电流ripple current 43. 涌入电流inrush current 44. 空载电流no-load current 45. 电网power system 46. 死区时间dead time 47. 浮充电压float charge voltage 48. 正向电压forward voltage drop 49. 续流二极管freewheel diode 50. 肖特基二极管schottky 51. 整流桥bridge rectifier 52. 超快速整流器ultra fast rectifier 53. 检测电阻sense resistor 54. 振荡电阻timing resistor 55. 散热片thermal slug/heat sink/ radiator 56. 断路器breaker 57. 过流保护器circuit breaker 58. 自由运行free running 59. 满负载full load 60. 过载overload 61. 轻载light load 62. 加载upload 63. 静态static （state） 64. 动态dynamic （state） 65. 稳态的steady 66. 静电static electricity 67. 电源调整率line regulation 68. 负载调整率load regulation 69. 满载效率full load efficiency 70. 最佳效率optimum efficiency 71. 输出效率output efficiency 72. 峰值效率peak efficiency 73. 标称效率declared efficiency 74. 视在功率apparent power 75. 有功功率active power 76. 无功功率reactive power 77. 功率因数power-factor 78. 耗散功率power dissipation 79. 空载损耗no-load loss 80. 关断状态off state 81. 电源工作电压operating supply
常用建筑术语中英文对照l
常用词语汇总 ground floor （建筑的）地面首层 fa?ade幕墙 plan 平面 elevation 立面 section 剖面、截面 Master plan 总平面 Site plan 地形平面 Landscape plan 景观平面 Fin 肋 Louver 百叶 Aluminum panel 铝板 Paving 铺地；铺路材料 Column柱子 Circular/round Column 圆形柱子Square column 方形柱子 Court 庭院 Podium 矮墙，墩座墙 Parapet 护栏，矮护墙 Railing 扶手 Balustrade 栏杆 Retaining wall 挡土墙 Balcony阳台 Bay 单元
Sunshade 遮阳装置 Spandrel 拱肩，层间带；上下层窗空间；楼梯下三角空间Spandrel panel 拱肩面板 Spandrel glass 拱肩玻璃 View angle 相机角度 View 视角 Camera 相机，视角 Dusk/sunset view/ shot 黄昏景 Day view 日景 Night view 夜景 Slab 楼板 Ceiling 天花 Soffit 拱腹（一般指天花的吊顶） Recess 凹入 Downlight 筒灯，嵌灯 Footbridge 人行桥 Pier 桥墩，码头 Rendering 效果图 Animation [,?ni'mei??n] 动画 Model 模型 Massing 体块 TYP=typical 标准 day view 日景 window frames 窗框 move forward 向前移动
电影专业术语 中英对照
电影专业术语中英文对照 A Above-the-line 线上费用 A-B roll A-B卷 AC 交流电 Academy ratio 学院标准画框比 Adaptation 改编 ADR editor ADR 剪辑师 Aligator clamp=gaffer grip 固定灯具的弹簧夹，又称鳄鱼夹 Ambient Sounds 环境音 Amp 安培 Amplification 信号放大 Amplitude 振幅 Analog 模拟 Anamorphic lens 变形镜头 Aperture 光圈 Answer Print 校正拷贝 Arc 摄像机的弧度运动 Art director 艺术指导 Aspect ratio 画框比 Atmosphere sound 气氛音 Attack 起音 Audio board 调音台 Audio mixer 混音器，混音师 Automatic dialogue replacement 自动对白补录 Automatic focus 自动对焦 Automatic gain control 自动增益控制 Automatic iris 自动光圈(少用) Axis of action 表演轴线 B Back light 轮廓光 Background light=Scenery light 场景光 Balance 平衡 Balanced 平衡电缆 Barndoor 遮扉（灯具上的黑色金属活动板，遮光用的） Barney 隔音套 Base 片基（用来附着感光乳剂的胶片基底） Base plate 底座（固定灯的） Baselight level 基本亮度 Batch capturing 批次采集 Below-the-line 线下费用 Bidirectional 双向麦克风 Bit depth 位元深度（在数字声音中每次取样的数目，通常是8，12,16）
电气专业名词中英对照表-3
电气类专业常用英语词汇1000个 1. Personnel 人员职员 2. Voltmeter 电压表伏特计 3. Ohmmeter 欧姆计电阻表 4. Megohmmeter 兆欧表 5. Wattmeter 瓦特计电表功率 6. Watt-hour 瓦时瓦特小时 7. Ammeter 安培计电流表 8. calibrate 校正 9. scale 刻度量程 10. rated 额定的 11. interfere with 有害于。。。 12. indicating needle仪表指针 13. hazardous 危险的 14. pivot 支点 15. terminal 端子 16. spiral 螺旋形的 17. spring 弹簧 18. shunt 分流，分路，并联，旁路 19. rectifier 整流器 20. electrodynamometer 电测力计 21. strive for 争取 22. vane 机器的叶，叶片 23. strip 条，带，（跨接）片 24. crude 不精细的，粗略的 25. polarity 极性 26. fuse 保险丝，熔丝 27. rugged 坚固的 28. depict 描绘，描写 29. cartridge 盒式保险丝 30. blow （保险丝）烧断 31. plug fuse 插头式保险丝 32. malfunction 故障 33. deenergize 不给… 通电 34. insulation 绝缘 35. generator 发电机 36. magneto 磁发电机 37. humidity 湿度 38. moisture 潮湿湿气 39. abbreviate 缩写，缩写为 40. transformer 变压器 41. thumb 检查，查阅 42. milliammeter 毫安表 43. multimeter 万用表44. dynamometer 测力计，功率计 45. aluminum 铝 46. deteriorate 使….恶化 47. eddy current 涡流 48. gear 齿轮，传动装置 49. dial 刻度盘 50. semiconductor 半导体 51. squirrel 鼠笼式 52. diode 二极管 53. thyristor 晶闸管 54. transistor 电子晶体管 55. triac 双向可控硅 56. phase 相位（控制） 57. silicon 硅 58. crystal 晶体 59. wafer 薄片 60. anode 阳极，正极 61. cathode 阴极 62. collector 集电极] 63. emitter 发射极 64. schematic （电路）原理图符号 65. leakage 漏电流 66. rating 额定值，标称值，定额 67. dissipate 散发 68. breakdown 击穿 69. heat sink 散热器 70. self-latching 自锁 71. commutation 换向 72. geometry 几何结构 73. squeeze 压榨，挤，挤榨 74. light-dimmer 调光 75. capability 容量 76. studmounted 拴接式 77. hockey puck 冰球 78. fin 飞边 79. active 有源的 80. horsepower 马力 81. diameter 直径 82. in. （inch ,inches）英寸 83. extruded 型材的 84. clamp 夹住，夹紧 85. compound 紧密结合 86. wrench 扳手 87. torque 转矩，扭矩 88. enclosure 外（机）壳 89. ventilation 通风，流通空气 90. sealed-off 封的 91. thermal 热的，热量的 92. substantially 主要地，实质上地 93. aptly 适当地，适宜地 94. demystify 阐明 95. allude 暗指，直接提到 96. cease 停止，终了 97. line 线电压 98. ripple 脉动. 99. redundant 多余的 100. separately 单独励磁地 101. synchronous 同步电动机 102. circuitry 电路，线路 103. cost-effective 花费大的 104. capacitor 电容器 105. dictate 确定 106. trade-off 权衡，折衷 107. criteria 标准，判据 108. analog electronics电力电子学 109. saturate 使…饱和 110. active region 动态区域 111. due 应得到的 112. ratio 比，比率 113. signify 表示 114. encode 编码 115. resonance 共鸣 116. radiated 传播 117. molecule 分子 118. diaphragm 震动膜 119. acoustic wave 声波 120. wavy groove 起伏的沟槽 121. deflection 挠度，挠曲 122. strain gage 应变计量器 123. tachometer 转速计 124. thermocouple 热电偶 125. oscilloscope 示波器 126. analytical 解析的 127. numerical 数值的 128. integrate 求…的积分 129. scale 改变比例 130. frequency- domain 频域 131. random 随机的 132. audio 音频的 133. operation amplifier 运算放大器 134. summation 求和，加法 135. sophisticated 复杂的，完善的 136. mass-produce 大量生产 137. subtract 减去 8
常用铸造术语中英对照
常用铸造术语中英对照2008-6-26整理(BY BARRY) Ⅰ.基本术语 1.压力铸造 die casting 2.铸造 casting,foundry,founding 3.铸件 casting 4.毛坯铸件 rough casting 5.试制铸件 pilot casting 6.试模 trial shot 7.模具mold ,mould 8.压铸机 die casting machine 9.铸造设备 foundry equipment,foundry facilities 10. 铸工 caster,founder,foundry worker 11. 压铸工die carter 12. 铸造厂 foundry 13. 铸造车间 foundry shop 14. 铸造工作者 foundry man 15. 批（batch 一批: a batch; 每批:each batch, per batch); lot 16. 一炉 a cast, a heat, a melt 17. 焊接 welding 18. 铸造三废 foundry effluent 19.铸锭ingot Ⅱ.铸造合金、熔炼和浇注 1.铸造合金 cast alloy 2. 铝合金 aluminium alloy 3. 铸造复合材料 cast composite 4. 合金元素 alloy element 5. 杂质元素 tramp element 6. 碳化物 carbide 7. 过热 superheating 8. 过冷 supercooling 9. 熔点 melting point 10. 总碳量 total carbon 11. 碳当量 carbon equivalent 12. 碳当量仪 eutectometer 13. 铝硅合金 aluminium-silicon alloy 14. 压铸合金 die cast alloy 15. 压铸铝合金 aluminium diecast alloy 16. 压铸镁合金 magnesium diecast alloy 17. 熔炼 smelting 18. 熔化率 melting rate 19. 元素增加 gain of element 20. 熔剂 flux 21. 熔池 bath 22. 除气熔剂 degassing flux 23. 覆盖剂 covering flux 24. 炉料 charging 25. 金属炉料 metallic charging 26. 回炉料 foundry returns 27. 废金属料 scrap 28. 熔渣 slag 29. 沉渣 sludge 30. 浮渣 dross, scum, cinder 31. 造渣 slag forming 32. 出渣 deslagging 33. 出渣口 slag hole 34. 炉衬 furnace liner 35. 出炉口 tap hole 36. 出炉温度 tapping temperature 37. 重熔 remelting 38. 坩埚炉 crucible furnace 39. 保温炉 holding furnace 40. 精炼 refining 41. 真空精炼 vacuum refining 42. 除气 degassing 43. 残料 heel 44. 浇注 pouring 45. 自动浇注装置 automatic pouring device 46. 浇包，料斗(勺) ladle 47. 转运包 transfer ladle 48. 金属残液 heel 49. 冷金属 cold matel Ⅲ铸造工艺与工艺设备 die casting process and process device 1. 铸造性能 castability 2. 流动性 fluidity 3. 充型能力 mold-filling capacity 4. 充型速度(浇注速度) pouring rate;delivery rate 5. 充型时间 filling time 6. 浇注温度 pouring temperature 7. 比浇注速度 specific pouring rate 8. 浇注时间 pouring time 9. 凝固 solidification 10. 凝固时间 solidification 11. 收缩 contraction;shrinkage 12. 收缩率 shrinkage 13. 液态收缩 liquid contraction 14. 凝固收缩 solidification contraction 15. 固态收缩 solid contraction 16. 液-固收缩 liquid-solid contraction 17. 自由收缩 free contraction 18. 收缩余量 shrinkage allowance 19. 收缩应力 contraction stress 20. 热应力 thermal stress